Bad Wimpfen
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 49 ° 14 ' N , 9 ° 10' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Stuttgart | |
| County : | Heilbronn | |
| Height : | 195 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 19.38 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 7359 (Dec. 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 380 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 74206 | |
| Area code : | 07063 | |
| License plate : | HN | |
| Community key : | 08 1 25 007 | |
| LOCODE : | DE BWF | |
| City structure: | 3 districts | |
City administration address : |
Marktplatz 1 74206 Bad Wimpfen |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Claus Brecht | |
| Location of the city of Bad Wimpfen in the Heilbronn district | ||
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Bad Wimpfen is a spa town on the Neckar in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg in the Kraichgau region . It belongs to the Heilbronn-Franken region and the European metropolitan region of Stuttgart . The city was once a medieval Staufer Palatinate and later an imperial city until 1803 .
geography
location
Bad Wimpfen is located on the left bank of the Neckar about 10 km north-northwest of Heilbronn (linear distance). Its older part, Wimpfen im Tal , runs along the river in its left floodplain, which is quite wide there . A little to the west of it is Wimpfen am Berg on the upper slope to the left of the river valley, which climbs towards the Kraichgau . There, in the Middle Ages, the Staufer Palatinate and the mountain town were built on an eastern spur above the bulging slope of the river below, which bends northwards, and the small side valley of the Adamsgraben , which tapers bluntly from the southwest . The newer parts of the city spread out on a flatter slope, mainly to the west.
Bad Wimpfen also includes the suburb of Hohenstadt , two kilometers to the northwest , which is located on the left slope of a somewhat larger side valley that extends east to the Neckar.
The urban area Wimpfen is, except for one tiny gusset at the Jagst muzzle opposite Wimpfen in the valley , to the left of the Neckars and mostly high at about 200-250 meters, wavelength corridor. Only on the Neckar slope is there a narrow strip of forest, plus somewhat larger forest islands on the northern and western city limits. This hilly plain drains for the most part via small valleys directly to the Neckar. Only in the south-west do some watercourses on the other side of the city limits initially flow to the Böllinger Bach , a somewhat longer tributary of the Neckar.
Neighboring communities
Neighboring towns and municipalities of Bad Wimpfen are ( clockwise , starting in the south): Heilbronn ( city district ), Bad Rappenau , Offenau , Bad Friedrichshall , Untereisesheim and Neckarsulm . Except for Heilbronn, all of them belong to the Heilbronn district.
City structure
In addition to Wimpfen am Berg as the main town, Bad Wimpfen also includes the older district of Wimpfen im Tal, as well as the village of Hohenstadt, the Höfe Allmend settlement, Erbach and Höhe settlement and the Fleckinger Mühle residential area .
Division of space
According to data from the State Statistical Office , as of 2014.
history
First settlement by the Celts
The first traces of settlement in the area around today's town of Bad Wimpfen are documented for the younger Stone Age and the Bronze Age . An old Völkerstraße that comes from France forks here along the Jagst in the direction of Nuremberg ( Hohe Straße ) and via Öhringen to the Danube and was already walked in prehistoric times, which is documented by numerous finds.
Around 450 BC Celts from the Helvetii tribe settled on the Neckar , Kocher and Jagst in the Bad Wimpfen area, and the Neckar Swabians (Suebi Nicreti) are also documented by Roman sources. The Celts probably gave the named rivers and the settlement of Wimpfen their names. According to the German-Celtic dictionary by Obermüller (1872), Wimpfen could be a Celtic word created from uimpe ( walled ) and bin (mountain) and roughly mean wall on the mountain.
Castle and important city from Roman times
Presumably in AD 98, the Romans secured the area in southwest Germany conquered under Emperor Domitian (the so-called Dekumatland ) through the Neckar-Odenwald-Limes , a system of forts that were built at intervals of 12 to 15 kilometers. This is how the Wimpfen fort was built in the valley opposite the mouth of the Jagst . As with most forts, a civil settlement soon formed, in which mainly traders and craftsmen settled. A Roman military brickworks existed in Bad Wimpfen at least until 121 AD, stamped bricks come from the Cohors II Hispanorum , who was a castle garrison there until this year.
After the imperial border to the Limes near Jagsthausen was moved under Emperor Antoninus Pius (138–161), probably in 159, the fort lost its military importance.
The Roman Wimpfen was all the more important in the valley as a civil city. It became the capital of a Roman administrative district called Civitas Alisinensium and was one of the few Roman cities in what is now southern Germany to be protected by a city wall and a moat. The walled area was about 19 hectares, making Wimpfen one of the largest Roman cities in today's Baden-Württemberg. Despite this meaning, the Latin name of Wimpfen is still unknown today. According to a study by the research group of the Institute for Geodesy and Geographic Information Technology at the TU Berlin in 2010, the place Segodunum mentioned by Claudius Ptolemäus can possibly be identified with the Roman Wimpfen in the valley.
There was also a bridge over the Neckar, which is said to have been destroyed by ice drifts in the early Middle Ages . An oak beam, which was recovered from the Neckar during excavation work in 1957 and which turned out to be part of the old bridge, has meanwhile been able to prove its Roman origin beyond any doubt, because the dendrochronological examination showed that it was felled around the year 85. The Neckar bridges are still tight to the present populated Neckar valley important traffic junctions.
After the Romans withdrew , the Alamanni ruled the Neckar basin from AD 259/260 . Among them, most of the Roman buildings gradually fell into disrepair, as the Germanic peoples were not yet building in stone at this time and could not do anything with many Roman buildings, such as bathing buildings (thermal baths) and water pipes (aqueducts). Christianity went hand in hand with the settlement by the Franks around 500 under Clovis , so that the early Christian churches on the remains of Roman places of worship also date to this time.
Market law
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In the 9th century AD Wimpfen came into the possession of the bishops of Worms and was first mentioned in 829 as Wimpina . During this time the Hungarians penetrated the Neckar area and devastated most of the settlements there, including Wimpfen. During the subsequent reconstruction, the collegiate church of St. Peter was built on the ruins of the Franconian church as a larger church dedicated to the patron of the diocese of Worms. For more than three centuries, the canons of Wimpfen Abbey exercised spiritual jurisdiction in the middle and lower Neckar area between Kirchheim am Neckar and Heidelberg .
By means of a certificate from Emperor Otto I , Wimpfen came into possession of market rights in 965 . Because of its convenient location and the seat of jurisdiction, the market town developed splendidly. The Wimpfener Talmarkt still takes place annually and, with a history spanning over a thousand years, is one of the most traditional market events in Germany.
Staufer Palatinate
In 1182 Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa is believed to have stayed in Wimpfen. His Staufer empire was administered decentrally. The Hohenstaufen set up so-called royal palaces in many places in their empire . These are large, reinforced castle complexes where the emperors held court and spoke justice. The Palatinate Wimpfen was built on the ridge rising to the Kraichgau above the settlement in the valley, where previously only an insignificant smaller settlement had been. The Palatinate and the surrounding settlements grew rapidly in the period that followed, so that the Staufer Wimpfen on the mountain quickly gained more importance than the much older valley town. Most of the buildings still in existence in the imperial palace date from around 1200. This also includes the city's landmark, the 58-meter-high Blue Tower, which was built as a western keep and served as a watchtower until the early 20th century.
The Stauferpfalz in Wimpfen is the largest preserved royal palace north of the Alps. Their maximum length is around 215 and their maximum width is 88 meters. Henry VI. demonstrably held at least three times in Wimpfen Hof, Friedrich II at least eight times.
The historical encounter between Emperor Friedrich II and his rebellious son Heinrich VII in Wimpfen has been recorded in 1235 .
Also in the 13th century, the collegiate dean Richard von Deidesheim initiated the renovation of the collegiate church in the style of the time, the Gothic. At the same time, a Dominican monastery was founded in the mountain town and a hospital was built with a foundation from the Hohenstaufen ministerial and Wimpfen Vogts Wilhelm von Wimpfen .
Imperial city of Wimpfen
After the fall of the Hohenstaufen, Wimpfen became an imperial city around 1300 . As a result, numerous craftsmen settled here, and the bourgeoisie also flourished. The bourgeoisie implemented a council constitution for the city, which became an example for numerous surrounding cities. Around the middle of the 14th century, the mayor's office was transferred to the city.
Wimpfen was part of the Lower Swabian bailiwick, which was held by Count Albrecht II of Hohenberg under King Rudolf von Habsburg, who was followed by Count Eberhard I of Württemberg until 1308 . Then it was temporarily loaned to the Lords of Weinsberg and later reassigned to the Counts of Württemberg. We know from the Bailiwick in Wimpfen that it was owned by the Lords of Weiler by 1458 at the latest , who sold it in 1464 to the city of Heilbronn, from whom the city of Wimpfen acquired it in 1479. With the acquisition of the bailiwick, the city gained full jurisdiction.
Emperor Friedrich III. in 1487 granted the city the right to hold a market before Christmas in addition to the valley market, which was then established for around 500 years, the then so-called Katharinenmarkt. The tradition of this Christmas market is also continued to the present day.
The lower nobility ( Ehrenberg , Greck , Mentzingen , Gemmingen , St. André ) who were wealthy in the area had various possessions in the city and held various city offices. After 1533, however, no nobleman was allowed to become mayor.
Age of Reformation
In the 16th century Wimpfen was a stronghold of the Reformation . In the city archives and in the church history museum in the Palatinate Chapel, the names and writings of local reformers are preserved, the most important of which is probably Erhard Schnepf , who worked as a Protestant preacher from 1523 to 1526. His contemporary, the painter Heinrich Vogtherr the Elder , wrote numerous Reformation pamphlets and songs in Wimpfen. In 1546 the City Council commissioned Johann Isenmann from Schwäbisch Hall to carry out the Reformation in Wimpfen. Mayor Hans Aff signed the Lutheran concord formula of 1577 for the council of the city of Wimpfen. Despite the reformatory change, the city church initially remained in the possession of the Catholics, while the Dominican church from 1571 became a simultaneous church for Dominicans and Lutherans, before the city church was transferred to the Reformed church in 1588 Believers came. The population lists of 1588 only count about 30 Catholics in the area. The Protestant city council no longer granted citizenship to Catholics , and the city's churches were transferred to the Protestant community or used by both religions, which led in particular to disputes with the monasteries and the canons of Worms. A portrait epitaph of the baker Matthäus Foltz from Wimpfen († 1546) has been preserved on the Campo Santo Teutonico in Rome from this period.
The town charter of Wimpfen was first codified in 1544 and appeared in print. In the following centuries it was reworked twice (1666 and 1775) and retained its validity throughout the 19th century during the time that Wimpfen belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Until 1 January 1900 with the entry into force of the whole German Reich current Civil Code , it lost its legal force.
Thirty Years' War
However, the religious conflicts in the city soon faded into the background when, not far from the city, the troops of the imperial general Johann Tserclaes Graf von Tilly met the army of the margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden-Durlach . This battle at Wimpfen was one of the most important and bloodiest of the Thirty Years' War . A relic of that time is the Altenberg ski jump that can still be seen in the aerial photo .
Like the surrounding towns, Wimpfen was plundered several times in the further course of the war, houses and fields were burned down, and diseases and epidemics wiped out the population. In 1648, after the end of the war, the population was reduced to a tenth of the pre-war level. Many magnificent buildings were destroyed, and parts of the former Hohenstaufen castle complexes were demolished in the period that followed to renovate existing buildings or for new ones.
The devastated city suffered from the devastating consequences of the Thirty Years War for over 150 years. Although the Celts in the Neckar basin had already extracted salt from brine in pre-Christian times, attempts in the 18th century to extract salt in salt pans near the Fleckinger mill and in the Neckar valley failed . Bitter poverty continued. During this time, Wimpfen received financial support from the Imperial City of Nuremberg .
The wood revolution in Wimpfen is reported from 1783. Until then, the wood from the surrounding forests was available to the citizens free of charge. In order to improve the city treasury, a tax should now be levied on this, which the equally impoverished citizens could not pay. The resulting unrest could only be suppressed by a large number of law enforcement officers.
Transfer to Hessen in 1803
Through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the city first came to the Electorate of Baden , but the Wimpfen monastery and the Wormser Hof were transferred to Hessen-Darmstadt . The occupation by the new masters took place before the negotiations were concluded in September or December 1802. This led to a dispute between Baden and Hessen-Darmstadt over the monastery’s sovereign rights. Since Wimpfen was still a long way from the rest of Baden's territory at that time, Baden agreed to an exchange of territory and ceded Wimpfen to Hessen-Darmstadt. The change of ownership was announced on April 5, 1803 in Wimpfen. It was not until 1805/1806 that the surrounding area of Wimpfen was annexed by Baden and Württemberg, and from then on Wimpfen was a Hessian exclave between these two countries.
For Wimpfen, belonging to Hessen-Darmstadt resulted in an extremely comfortable situation, as one could manage oneself almost autonomously 40 km beyond the border of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . From 1874 Bad Wimpfen part of the circle Heppenheim , the 1938 merger with the county Bensheim to circle mountain road was.
Brine extraction and spa
In 1817 the salt works in Ludwigshalle (after Grand Duke Ludwig I ) were the first to successfully extract brine in Wimpfen. In addition to being a technical raw material for the beginning industrialization , the brine could also be used therapeutically , and so the first spa hotel opened on the site as early as 1835. From 1828 to 1936 the Ludwigshalle with the salt works Clemenshall ( Offenau ), Ludwig ( Bad Rappenau ) and Friedrichshall ( Jagstfeld ) formed the salt sales cartel Neckarsalinenverein , the oldest and longest effective German sales cartel , to protect against their respective competitors .
Another sign of the beginning economic prosperity is the new town hall built in 1836 . Despite these new perspectives, many of the Hohenstaufen remains of the city continued to be demolished or converted. The Palatine Chapel, which was already over 600 years old at the time, was z. B. converted into a barn in 1837 and only returned to its original state 70 years later.
After the railway line from Heilbronn to Heidelberg and thus the Wimpfen train station went into operation in the 1860s , the spa business experienced a great boost. Baths and spa facilities have now been continuously expanded and led to renewed economic prosperity. Mark Twain , for example, reports on this in the descriptions of his trip to Europe in 1867. On April 26, 1930, the city was given the official spa title.
The city survived the Second World War largely unscathed. After the end of the war, the city therefore offered accommodation to many refugees and expellees. In 1947 , Benedictine monks expelled from the Grüssau monastery moved into the former knight's monastery church.
With a memorial plaque, the city commemorates the Jewish families Adler, Bär, Kahn, Mannheimer, Ottenheimer and Straub, who had to flee, were deported or murdered between 1933 and 1945.
Between Hesse and Baden-Württemberg
On September 19, 1945, the American military government proclaimed the establishment of the states of Greater Hesse and Württemberg-Baden . The Hessian Bad Wimpfen was now completely enclosed by Württemberg-Baden, namely by the Baden district of Sinsheim and the Württemberg district of Heilbronn . On November 26th of that year, the occupation authorities decreed that the city should be administered by the Sinsheim district in future. Efforts by the state government of Württemberg-Baden in 1946 to finally clarify the legal position of Bad Wimpfen were stopped by the military government of Württemberg-Baden in a letter dated October 21, 1946, until the military government made a final decision. This decision did not come about.
In the period that followed, different views were expressed about the constitutional status of Bad Wimpfen. The state of Hesse and its authorities took the position that Bad Wimpfen belonged to Hesse under constitutional law and demanded that the enclave be returned. In a judgment of March 6, 1951, the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court came to the conclusion that Bad Wimpfen was now also part of Württemberg-Baden under constitutional law.
In the population, which partly traditionally felt that they belonged to Hesse and partly pragmatically to the nearby Württemberg district town of Heilbronn , the reclassification led to discontent. As a result, the Bad Wimpfen municipal council decided on September 16, 1950 to conduct an informative, legally non-binding referendum, which took place on April 29, 1951. Only 0.8% of those who voted were in favor of Bad Wimpfen belonging to the Sinsheim district, 41.9% for the state and administrative affiliation to Hesse, but 57.3% for a reclassification to the Heilbronn district. Talks between the interior ministers of Hesse and Württemberg-Baden after this referendum did not lead to any change in the status quo. The state parliament of the newly founded state of Baden-Württemberg passed a law on April 18, 1952, which reorganized Bad Wimpfen into the Heilbronn district on May 1, 1952. The Hessian government's objection to the law was rejected by the Baden-Wuerttemberg government on the grounds that it was only a matter of a change in the administrative division that would not affect Bad Wimpfen's legal status. With effect from April 1, 1952, three spatially separate districts of Bad Wimpfen had already been transferred to other communities ( Helmhof an Neckarbischofsheim in the district of Sinsheim, Zimmerhöferfeld in Bad Rappenau, also in the district of Sinsheim, and Finkenhof an Hochhausen in the district of Mosbach).
Legal uncertainties regarding the responsibilities of various Hessian or Baden-Württemberg authorities and court disputes over the question of whether Hessian, Baden or Württemberg law applies in Bad Wimpfen led to a new law in Baden-Württemberg on February 22, 1960, which stipulated that in Bad Wimpfen and its former districts, which were reunified in 1952, have the same state law as in the rest of the respective districts. Hessian authorities and institutions still responsible have, with a few exceptions, been replaced by their Baden-Württemberg counterparts. In 1975 responsibility for fire damage insurance was the last to be transferred from the Hessian Fire Insurance Chamber to the Karlsruhe Building Insurance Institute.
The state of Hesse did not object to the 1960 law. It continues to insist on the position that Bad Wimpfen belongs to Hesse under constitutional law, but declares that Bad Wimpfen "is treated as an integral part of Baden-Württemberg in administrative jurisdiction and legislation." The state government of Baden-Württemberg is of the opinion that "the exercise of State authority - legislation, jurisdiction, administration - for the city of Bad Wimpfen by the state of Baden-Württemberg ... is tolerated by the state government of Hesse “and sees no legal need to finally clarify the area issue; should there be a new country regulation in Germany, this question could be included. Bad Wimpfen is de facto fully integrated into the administrative and legal system of Baden-Württemberg, and neither side is seeking to change the current situation.
Until 1968, the Protestant parish of Bad Wimpfens belonged to the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau , and since 1968 to the Evangelical Church in Württemberg . In the Catholic Church , due to its Hessian past, the city is still an exclave to the territory of the Diocese of Mainz .
present
Bad Wimpfen has spa facilities as well as many architectural and art monuments from two millennia. The historic old town is completely listed. From 1976 onwards, an extensive renovation program contributed to the upgrading of most of the historic buildings. Since the recession of the 1990s, however, the further renovation of architectural monuments and art monuments has mostly only been based on private initiative.
House on the market square, the core from the 13th century
Narrow "iron house" in Badgasse
Half-timbered ensemble in Klostergasse
Half-timbered house in Badgasse
Religions
In addition to a Protestant and a Roman Catholic parish, which is assigned to the Deanery Bergstrasse Ost of the Diocese of Mainz , the New Apostolic Church and Jehovah's Witnesses are represented in Bad Wimpfen . The Benedictine Abbey of Grüssau was housed in the buildings of the former knight's monastery of St. Peter im Tal from 1947 to 2006 , the monks of which were expelled from the Grüssau monastery in Lower Silesia after the Second World War . The only Benedictine monastery community in the Heilbronn district, which in 2005 still consisted of three monks, dissolved in autumn 2006. The spiritual offer of the guest and conference house in the Bad Wimpfen monastery will continue after the Benedictines have moved away.
The Jewish community of Bad Wimpfen probably existed as early as the 13th century, but could not achieve any significant size. The synagogue and burial of the Wimpfen Jews were originally at the Jewish cemetery in Heinsheim . In Wimpfen, there were services and a ritual bath for Jews only from the 19th century. The Jewish cemetery in Wimpfen was also only laid out in 1896. An Israelite religious community was supposed to be formed in 1898, but it failed because of the small size of the community, which had reached its largest size around 1900 with 56 people. In 1933 there were still 22 Jews living in Wimpfen, whose rights to the prayer room were disputed and whose rights were further curtailed in 1935, particularly with regard to property. In 1938 there were riots against Jews, businesses and homes. By the summer of 1941, most of the Wimpfen Jews had managed to emigrate. At least four victims of the persecution of Jews at the time of National Socialism are proven on site.
Ev. City Church
Jewish prayer house from 1580
Jewish Cemetery
politics
mayor
The mayor of Bad Wimpfen is chairman of the municipal council and head of the city administration in accordance with the Baden-Württemberg municipal code. He is a full-time civil servant and is directly elected by the citizens entitled to vote for a term of eight years.
Mayors of Bad Wimpfen since 1956 were:
- Paul Doll (1956–1976)
- Klaus Czernuska (1976-1989)
- Claus Brecht (since 1989)
Municipal council
In the municipal council elections in 2009, 2014 and 2019, the following proportions of votes and the distribution of seats resulted
| Political party | Voices 2019 | Seats | Voices 2014 | Seats | Voices 2009 | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDU / FW | 38% | 7th | 43.4% | 8th | 38.0% | 7th |
| SPD | 16% | 3 | 27.3% | 5 | 27.0% | 5 |
| Green / Open List (GOL) | 16% | 3 | 14.4% | 2 | 11.2% | 2 |
| Wimpfener Urban Development (WiSe) | 16% | 3 | ||||
| FDP / DVP / Independent Citizens (UB) | 11% | 2 | 14.9% | 3 | 23.8% | 4th |
Another member of the council and its chairman is the mayor. In the event of a tie, his vote counts twice and thus decides the vote.
badges and flags
The blazon of the Bad Wimpfen coat of arms reads: In gold, the red armored black imperial eagle with a horizontal silver key (beard pointing upwards right) in its beak. The city colors are red-white-blue.
The heraldic figures of the imperial eagle and key can already be seen in the first Hohenstaufen seal from 1250, which was used until 1436. The eagle was originally a symbol of Wimpfen's dependence on the empire during the Staufer times, from the 14th century onwards it became the symbol of the imperial city. The key is the attribute of St. Peter and as such the coat of arms of the diocese of Worms . He reminds us that the people of Staufer built Wimpfen on Wormser Grund. On a seal at the beginning of the 14th century, the key was temporarily depicted in the eagle's claws. Numerous representations of the coat of arms in heraldic books, on buildings and on objects only show slight deviations in the position of the key. The colors were almost always the imperial colors black (eagle) and gold (shield).
In the 19th century, after Wimpfen became Hessian, the city had a different coat of arms: in the front half of the shield half an eagle at the gap, in the back half of the shield the crowned Hessian lion with the Worms key in its paws. In the 20th century the old coat of arms was used again.
Town twinning
Bad Wimpfens' twin town has been Servian in the Hérault department in southern France since 1967 . In 1951, Bad Wimpfen also took over the sponsorship of the former Ödenburg (today Sopron ) in Hungary and thus offered those displaced from there a new spiritual home. The town twinning with Sopron was signed in 1991.
Culture and sights
Buildings
→ Main article: List of cultural monuments in Bad Wimpfen
Numerous architectural monuments have been preserved in Bad Wimpfen. The historic centers of Wimpfen am Berg and Wimpfen in the valley are available as total assets under monument protection .
Imperial Palace
→ Main article: Pfalz Wimpfen
The most important architectural monument of Bad Wimpfen is the Staufer Imperial Palace, built around 1200, of which several individual buildings and large parts of the surrounding walls have been preserved in the eastern area of the old town. Bad Wimpfen's landmark is the Blue Tower , the keep of the Palatinate, on which a tower keeper has resided for 650 years and which can be viewed. The red tower is a second preserved keep made of humpback ashlars. Other preserved buildings of the Palatinate are the Palatine Chapel , the Stone House and the Hohenstaufen or Schwibbogentor .
Stone house
Palas arcade window
Candle arch gate
Sacred buildings
The Protestant town church was built in the Romanesque style from the 13th century and completed as a late Gothic hall church around 1520 . The church has two towers to the side of the east-facing choir. It has a valuable interior. Next to the church is the so-called Kalvarienberg, a crucifixion group from the 16th century, which was designed by Hans Backoffen and served as a tomb for the Koberer family.
The Dominican Church was started as the church of the Dominican monastery in the 13th century and received its present form in the 18th century. The church has no tower, just a roof turret. The former monastery adjoining it to the south with an artistic cloister is now a school building; the church is used as the Catholic parish church of the Holy Cross . A cross relic has been venerated here since the 13th century, which was probably brought to Wimpfen by Albertus Magnus . Their devotion fell asleep for a while and was revived with the baroque renovation of the church. The auxiliary bishop of Worms, Johann Baptist Gegg , came to the feast of the discovery of the cross on May 3, 1719, consecrated the rebuilt church and reopened the pilgrimage on the same day, which has not been canceled since then.
The former Johanneskirche belonged to the Heilig-Geist-Spital, founded around 1230, from which the municipal hospital (citizen's hospital) was separated in the 15th century. In 1778 the dilapidated church was rebuilt. It was secularized in 1803 and used as a magazine until 1848. After a fire in 1851, false ceilings were drawn into the church hall; since then the building has served as a restaurant and residential building. The baroque convent house of the Holy Spirit Order from 1765 has an ornate historical wooden door.
A former Jewish prayer house from 1580 is located in the castle district near the Schwibbogentor.
The collegiate church of St. Peter in Wimpfen im Tal, the seat of the Grüssau Abbey from 1947 to 2004 , probably dates back to the 7th century. The current church building and the adjacent cloister to the north were built in the 13th and 14th centuries, the facade of the collegiate church was extensively renovated in the years up to 2006.
The Cornelienkirche is located east of the center of Wimpfen in the valley. The church building, rebuilt in 1476 in the late Gothic style instead of an older chapel, has an ornate portal and wall paintings from the time it was built. Tilly's camp is said to have been in the church during the Battle of Wimpfen in 1622.
In the village of Hohenstadt, which belongs to Wimpfen, there is also the evangelical parish church , which dates back to the 15th century and was a branch of the town church in Bad Wimpfen until 1860.
Former Dominican monastery, now a school
Former spiritual hospital, now a residential building
Cornelienkirche in the valley
Evang. Parish church Hohenstadt
Secular buildings
- The old hospital with components from the 13th century is one of the oldest buildings in the city and goes back to the Heilig-Geist-Spital, which was founded around 1230. Used as a citizens' hospital since 1471, most recently as a municipal poorhouse until the recent past. The imperial city museum and the city gallery have been housed there since 1992.
- West of the Kaiserpfalz near the town hall is the Wormser Hof , an administrative building of the bishops of Worms with tithe barn and farm buildings that was built around the same time as the Kaiserpfalz and the city church. The rear boundary of the Wormser Hof also forms the city wall here. South portal from 1566.
- In the Klostergasse there is the town house of the Lords von Ehrenberg from 1451 and a medieval bathhouse from 1534, which goes back to an older predecessor building.
- The giant house in Langgasse is a seven-story half-timbered building from 1532, in which parts of the medieval furnishings have been preserved.
- The Feyerabend wine bar in Salzgasse has a Renaissance bay window.
- Before the Battle of Wimpfen in 1622, Tilly is said to have lived in the former Rappen inn on the market square. The building was renovated in the baroque style in 1779 .
- The Mayor-Elsässer-Haus , a former noble town house, below the Blue Tower dates back to the 16th century and was subsequently given a Baroque bay window in 1717.
- The Nuremberg turret near the Red Tower was erected in gratitude for the help of the city of Nuremberg in restoring the heavily damaged city walls after the Thirty Years War.
- The Gemminger Hof not far from the Red Tower is one of the largest inner-city historical courtyards and was once owned by the Barons of Gemmingen .
- There are also countless other historical buildings throughout the old town, including several half-timbered houses from the 15th and 16th centuries.
Tithe barn at the Wormser Hof
Giant house from 1532
Town house of those von Ehrenberg, 1451
Mayor Alsatian house from 1717
Convent house from 1765
former Rappen inn
Feyerabend wine bar
Nuremberg turret, 17th century
Half-timbered house Badgasse 8
Fountain
- The eagle fountain on Hauptstrasse was built in 1576. A body of water once ran along the main street, from which the flowing fountain was originally fed, while on the nearby plateau of the Palatinate and the town church there were initially only draw wells. The eagle with key, which can be seen as a fountain figure, is the city's coat of arms.
- The lion fountain is also located on the main street, is similar in age to the eagle fountain and shows a lion as a fountain figure holding two shields with the city arms.
- The market fountain on the market square was built in 1870.
Eagle fountain
Lion fountain
Market fountain
Museums
The museum in the stone house is housed in a Romanesque building in the former Staufer Palatinate and shows exhibits on the history of Bad Wimpfen and the Staufer . The Imperial City Museum in the Old Hospital is also dedicated to the history of Wimpfen . The Church History Museum in the Palatinate Chapel takes on church history . The Ödenburger Heimatmuseum in the former convent house of the Dominican Order shows exhibits on local history in Ödenburg (now Sopron in Hungary ), from where numerous expellees came to Bad Wimpfen after the Second World War.
The city's gallery in the Old Hospital and various private galleries show classic and modern art.
theatre
Since 2003, the Stauferpfalz Festival Bad Wimpfen has shown open-air theater every two years in front of the historical backdrop of the old town.
sport and freetime
In Bad Wimpfen there is a saltwater pool and an outdoor mineral pool. Among the various sports clubs, the Bad Wimpfen rowing club is internationally successful.
Regular events
Well known far beyond Bad Wimpfen are the Wimpfener Talmarkt , a folk festival that has been held annually since 965, and the traditional old German Christmas market in Wimpfen am Berg , which is also held annually . In the course of the year, other nationally recognized events take place, including the large Wimpfen carnival parade, the Long Art Night , which has been held since 2004, and the midsummer Montmartre Feeling (an open-air painting exhibition) in the old town as well as the guild market (formerly port market), a handicraft and handicraft market on the last weekend in August.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
One of the largest employers in Bad Wimpfen is Solvay Fluor GmbH , which produces various fluorochemical products here with over 350 employees , including a. Refrigerants and propellants .
In September 2015 it was announced that the food - discounter Lidl its Germany headquarters from neighboring Neckarsulm moves to Bad Wimpfen. For this purpose, a separate industrial area was developed for the new construction of workplaces for around 1,300 employees on around four hectares, which began in May 2017 and is to be occupied in early 2019. The investment volume is estimated at 200 million euros. In October 2017, the Hotel Neues Tor , built by Lidl's supervisory board chairman Klaus Gehrig with 15 million euros, was inaugurated, which is primarily aimed at business travelers.
The Frießinger Mühle is the largest private industrial mill in Baden-Württemberg.
traffic
Rail transport
Bad Wimpfen is located on the Elsenz Valley Railway from Bad Friedrichshall to Heidelberg . The Bad Wimpfen station is the only one in Baden-Wuerttemberg in the style of Gothic Revival built. The station building has not been used for travelers since 1992, but came into the possession of the city, was home to the tourist information office for around 20 years , and has since been used as a bulwark lounge for all catering purposes.
Road traffic
The Heilbronn / Untereisesheim motorway junction to the A 6 is less than 8 km away. Coming from the east, it also makes sense to take the federal highway 27 from the Heilbronn / Neckarsulm junction on the A 6.
Public transportation
Trains and buses can be used at the uniform tariffs of the Heilbronn-Hohenlohe-Hall-Nahverkehr-Verbund (H3NV).
media
The daily newspaper Heilbronner Voice reports on the events in Bad Wimpfen in its issue N, Landkreis Nord, as well as the Wimpfener Heimat-Bote as the city's publicity organ.
education
In Bad Wimpfen there is the Ludwig Frohnhäuser School, a primary and secondary school with a technical secondary school with a total of around 380 students.
The Hohenstaufen grammar school is attended by over 900 students from Bad Wimpfen and the neighboring cities and communities northwest of Heilbronn.
The Volkshochschule Unterland has a branch in Bad Wimpfen.
health
The Bad Wimpfen health center (former spa clinic) operated by the SRH Group looks after around 4800 patients with over 200 employees a year.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Martin Mair (around 1420–1480), humanist and statesman
- Georg Simler (around 1477–1536), school educator and university professor
- Abraham Gerner (approx. 1610–1677), doctor of medicine and philosophy. Palatine count, predicate "von Lilienstein", Reichsbeamter in Speyer
- Friedrich Carl Fulda (1724–1788), theologian
- Ignaz von Beecke (1733–1803), composer and pianist
- Carl Walter (1834–1906), architect and director of the Royal Building Trade School in Stuttgart
- Friedrich Quack (1934–2014), former judge at the Federal Court of Justice. D.
- Ulla von Gemmingen (* 1949), museum educator and visual artist
Other personalities
- Wilhelm von Wimpfen (13th century), Staufer Ministeriale, mayor and Vogt von Wimpfen
- Pankraz Wagner († 1584), sculptor
- Richard Weitbrecht (1851–1911), writer and pastor in Wimpfen
- Carl Geist (1870–1931), painter
- Albert Schmitt (1894–1970), first abbot of Grüssau Abbey
- Eugen Schusteritsch (1913–1994), expellee official
- Paul Doll (1915–2003), Mayor of Bad Wimpfen and member of the state parliament
- Laurentius Hoheisel (1923–2008), second abbot of Grüssau Abbey
- Richard van Basshuysen (* 1932), engineer and author, runs an engineering office in Bad Wimpfen
- Bernhard Lasotta (1969–2019), politician (CDU), member of the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg
See also
literature
- Fritz Arens , Reinhold Bührlen: Wimpfen - history and art monuments. Association Alt Wimpfen, Bad Wimpfen 1954, 1991
- Ludwig Frohnhäuser: History of the imperial city of Wimpfen, the knight's monastery St. Peter zu Wimpfen im Thal, the Dominican monastery and the hospital of St. Spirit to Wimpfen on the mountain. Darmstadt 1870, reprint of the Alt-Wimpfen association 1982
- Friedrich Heinrich Heid: The history of the city of Wimpfen. Darmstadt 1836 ( online at books.google.de )
- Rüdiger Jülch: The development of the Wimpfen business center up to the end of the Middle Ages. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1961
- Franz Götzfried (Ed.): Salt and brine in Wimpfen. Contributions to the Wimpfen city and saltworks history. Bad Wimpfen 2002
- A. von Lorent: Wimpfen am Neckar - historically and topographically. Stuttgart 1870, reprint of the Alt Wimpfen Association 1982
- Erich Scheible: The history of the Hessian exclave Wimpfen. Volume 1: 1802 to 1836. Alt Wimpfen Association, Bad Wimpfen 2004
Web links
- Link catalog on Bad Wimpfen at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- The Weinbrenner-style town hall on badischewanderungen.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
-
↑ Source for the urban structure section:
Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume IV: Stuttgart district, Franconian and East Württemberg regional associations. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-17-005708-1 , pp. 60-62. - ↑ State Statistical Office, area since 1988 according to actual use for Bad Wimpfen.
- ↑ Frohnhäuser 1870, pp. 204–206.
- ↑ See BSLK , p. 765; see. P. 17.
- ↑ Helmut Glück : German as a Foreign Language in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Baroque Period , Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2002, p. 561, ISBN 3-11-017084-1 ; (Digital scan)
- ↑ [Council of the Imperial City of Wimpfen]: Reformation vnnordnung, Altenherkomens vnd Rechtsens, also several new statutes of the Statt Wympffen . Johann Petreius, Nuremberg 1544.
- ↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 112.
- ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
- ↑ Museum Bad Rappenau , badrappenau.de , December 3, 2017
- ↑ Announcement from the Hessian State Chancellery from January 21, 2002 by Jänsch (see next but one individual reference), p. 241
- ↑ Communication from the Baden-Württemberg State Chancellery from January 21, 2005 to Jänsch (see next individual reference, p. 242)
-
^ Sources for the paragraph between Hesse and Baden-Württemberg :
Erich Schmied: The state legal position of the city of Bad Wimpfen . In: Journal of Württemberg State History . Year 31, 1972. Kohlhammer, 1973, ISSN 0044-3786 , p. 346-357 . Joachim Jänsch: Bad Wimpfen in the Bergstrasse district? Separated from Hessen for 60 years . In: History sheets district Bergstrasse . tape
38 . Laurissa, 2005, ISSN 0720-1044 , p. 222-246 . - ↑ Rolf Muth: Berecht has an open ear for everyone . In: Heilbronn voice . October 17, 2005 ( from Stimme.de [accessed December 27, 2012]).
- ↑ These are the local election results from the region - STIMME.de. Retrieved June 22, 2019 .
-
^ Sources for the section coat of arms and flag:
Heinz Bardua: The district and community coat of arms in the Stuttgart administrative region . Theiss, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0801-8 (district and municipality coat of arms in Baden-Württemberg, 1). P. 42
Eberhard Gönner: Book of arms of the city and district of Heilbronn with a territorial history of this area . Archive Directorate Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1965 (Publications of the State Archive Administration Baden-Württemberg, 9). P. 154 ff. - ↑ Information on the website of the city of Bad Wimpfen , accessed on August 24, 2014
- ↑ Rudolf Landauer: By computer for building history . In: Heilbronn voice . December 22, 2008 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on February 1, 2009]).
- ↑ On the cross relic and pilgrimage: cruise pilgrimage with Auxiliary Bishop Guballa . In: Mainzer Bistumsnachrichten , No. 16 of April 23, 2008 (accessed on May 13, 2008)
- ↑ Hermann Schmitt : "Johann Baptist Gegg von Eichstätt, Auxiliary Bishop of Worms" , Archive for Middle Rhine Church History , annual volume 1963, pp. 95-146
- ↑ Heilbronn Voice , September 23, 2015, Stimme.de: Lidl is leaving Neckarsulm (November 27, 2017)
- ↑ Lidl new building sets architectural standards - STIMME.de. Retrieved November 27, 2017 .
- ↑ Badewelt Sinsheim extension should start soon - STIMME.de. Retrieved November 29, 2017 .
- ^ Hotel "Neues Tor" in Bad Wimpfen celebrates inauguration. In: Voices.de. September 12, 2017, archived from the original on December 9, 2017 ; Retrieved December 9, 2017 .
- ↑ The BOLLWERK Lounge. Archived from the original on December 9, 2017 ; Retrieved December 9, 2017 .
- ↑ VHS Unterland branch offices .
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