Basketball in Germany

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In Germany, basketball is organized by the German Basketball Federation (DBB) in Hagen .

Alba Berlin's home game against Artland Dragons at O2 World in 2008

history

Beginnings until 1944

Five years after the invention of basketball in 1891 by James Naismith in the USA , the sport was practiced for the first time in Germany . The gymnastics inspector August Hermann was informed about the new sport by his son who had emigrated to America and had baskets thrown in Braunschweig in 1896 . According to the literal translation, the sport, whose rules were oriented more towards handball than basketball in the following decades , was named basketball . At the beginning of the 1930s, however, netball was hardly played any more and only came back to life in competition with basketball in the middle of the decade.

Basketball has been played regularly in Germany since 1932, when Hugo Murero introduced the game to the Army Sports School in Wünsdorf after a visit to the Italian military sports school . American guest students in Berlin supported him in further development. At the same time, the so-called father of German basketball Hermann Niebuhr came into contact with this sport in 1930 at the American Robert College in Istanbul . Niebuhr was a teacher at the German school there. After his return in 1933 he initiated basketball in Bad Kreuznach and in courses in West Germany and wrote his first teaching books. At the same time, basketball was also introduced by some foreign students at German universities such as Berlin , Breslau , but also in Gera . The first official basketball department of a German club was founded in 1935 at TV 1848 Bad Kreuznach . Retrained handball players took part in the 1935 Academic World Games in Budapest , the first international appearance of German basketball players. In the run-up to the basketball tournament at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin , a national team was formed primarily from soldiers, but this was only reported at the last minute. The German Olympic team lost all three games. Willi Daume , who was part of the core team but was not deployed, sharply criticized the inadequate preparation. After 1936 basketball was promoted more strongly and spread throughout Germany by the Reichsbund sport teachers Murero and Theo Clausen .

The first official German championship was held on April 29th and 30th, 1939 at a tournament of the four best of 19 Gaumeisters in Hamburg . Champion was the Luftwaffe sports club Spandau with a 47:16 over the TV 1848 Bad Kreuznach. According to the NS Reichsbund für Leibesübungen (NSRL), around 5,000 basketball players, including over 500 women, were active in 206 clubs in 1939. By 1942, the national team had won a total of four matches out of 19 international matches. As a result of the Second World War , gaming operations in Germany gradually came to a complete standstill by 1944.

New beginning in post-war Germany

DBB headquarters in Hagen (NRW)

After the Second World War, the new beginning of organized basketball in Germany was difficult. Nonetheless, the game was supported not only by German players who had met basketball before the war, but mainly by the American military administration. British and French soldiers as well as former slave laborers from the Baltic States (DPs) also contributed to their popularity. In the western occupation zones, the regional associations and various predecessor organizations of the DBB were founded in 1947. The first post-war championship took place in Darmstadt in November 1947 . For the women this was the first championship with the title holder TS Turnerschaft Jahn 1883 Munich . At the next championship tournament in 1948, a team from the British sector of West Berlin took part in Berlin-Eichkamp . After the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in May 1949, the (West German) German Basketball Federation was founded in Düsseldorf on October 1st as the first independent organization.

At the European basketball championship in Paris in 1951 , the national team of the Federal Republic played the first post-war internationals. The team finished 12th out of 17 participating nations. 1952 saw the women's first international match. In 1953, the so-called East-West game operation was resumed in club sport , which had previously been discontinued. However, only a few games took place. In 1953, an all-German team made up of eight West German and four East German athletes took part in the men's European championship in Moscow. From 1953 (men) and 1954 (women) to 1990, the GDR determined its own champions in the league . From 1952 the (East German) German Basketball Association (DBV) existed as the successor to the basketball section. Until the competitive sports decision in 1969, the GDR's national basketball team was the better German team in tournaments and won all German-German international matches against the West German national basketball team until 1973. In 1990, the DBV dissolved when five new East German regional associations joined the DBB.

In the Federal Republic of Germany , the top ranked teams in the major leagues qualified for the finals of the German championship until 1966. In the 1966/67 season , the then two-part basketball league was introduced.

1975 went down in German basketball history as the year of reforms: In addition to the start of the single-track Bundesliga and the new two-part 2. Bundesliga for men, the draw in German basketball was also abolished. According to the rules of FIBA , a winner has been determined in league games after overtime (s) since then. For women, the Bundesliga started in two groups in 1971; In 1982 it was also single-tracked with a double-track 2nd Bundesliga (north and south) as the substructure.

German basketball in an international context

In 1956 the international basketball association Fédération Internationale de Basketball ( FIBA ) moved its headquarters from Bern to Munich , from where it moved to Geneva in 2002 . The European continental association FIBA Europa is still based in Munich.

The first regulation for foreign players was introduced in 1963. The teams could use one foreigner per game and two per season. This rule was valid for 25 years until 1988. After that, two foreigners were allowed to play in the first national leagues of women and men per game and three per game year. From 1996, as a result of the Bosman ruling, Germans and players with EU citizenship were treated equally. The restriction to two / three foreigners only applied to players from outside the European Union .

The first German basketball player to receive a contract abroad was Dr. Klaus Schulz, who ran up at Estudiantes Madrid in the late 1960s . Schulz also played for FC Bayern Munich and the German national basketball team . Norbert Thimm , who was under contract with Real Madrid from 1972 , was only the second German legionnaire. In 1971, the German Basketball Federation hosted a European Championship final for the first time in the run-up to the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich . In 1975, the year of reform, the European Professional Basketball League ( EPBL ) was passed. With the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium , Switzerland , Spain and Israel , five countries each provided a team with US professional basketball players. The Munich Eagles took part for Germany . This attempt failed. In the competitions of the European Cup and at international championships, the German participants did not get beyond respectable successes.

In 1983 it was the players of the DJK Agon 08 Düsseldorf who achieved the first countable success for a German basketball club team when they took second place in the European Cup. In the semifinals they surprisingly eliminated TTT Rīga , who had long been considered invincible because of their 2.13 m tall player Uļjana Semjonova . After qualifying twice as a host, after the boycott of socialist nations at the 1984 Olympic Games, the men's national team was able to qualify for the first time. In the following year, Uwe Blab and the later NBA All-Star Detlef Schrempf were the first two Germans drafted for the NBA . Both played there first for the Dallas Mavericks . In 1987 they were followed by Christian Welp . 1992 succeeded in another Olympic qualification, whereby one was also the preliminary round opponent of the legendary Dream Team , in which active NBA professionals took part in a national team tournament for the first time. After hosting another men's European Championship finals in 1985 , this event was hosted again in 1993, which proved to be completely open in terms of sport due to the collapse of the previously dominant European basketball nations, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia . Surprisingly, the men's national team was able to advance to the final in Munich at the headquarters of FIBA, where they defeated the Russian national basketball team with one point and celebrated their first significant title win in the Munich Olympic Hall .

Alba Berlin won its first international club title in 1995 with the Korać Cup . In the following year, the BTV 1848 Wuppertal imitated them with the women and won the European championship cup. Their center player Marlies Askamp was also present at the start of the WNBA in 1996 , when a counterpart to the men's professional league, the NBA, was created for the women. In 1998 Dirk Nowitzki became the most successful German player to date for the NBA. With the men's national team, Nowitzki won more medals in championships, for the first time they won a medal at the basketball world championships in Indianapolis in 2002 , where they left the host USA behind as third and bronze medalist . At the 2005 European Championship finals , they reached the final, in which they lost to Greece , and won a silver medal. Nowitzki rose to become a "franchise player" for the Dallas Mavericks and reached the NBA finals in 2006, after Detlef Schrempf had also succeeded in 1996 with the Seattle SuperSonics . Like Schrempf, who lost the final series to Michael Jordan against the Chicago Bulls , Nowitzki with the Mavericks had to admit defeat against the Miami Heat after a good start in the series . In 2007 Nowitzki was the first European player to receive the NBA Most Valuable Player Award of the regular season . In 2011 Nowitzki finally achieved the final revision for 2006 with the Dallas Mavericks, when they beat the highly-favored, three-star-studded Miami Heat team in the final series. The Mavericks' first championship title also meant the first NBA championship ring for a German, with Nowitzki also receiving the NBA Finals MVP Award .

German club teams won small European cup competitions, so the Central German Basketball Club won the FIBA EuroCup Challenge 2004 and the BG 74 Göttingen in 2010 won the FIBA EuroChallenge . The more important European club competitions took place at the latest since 2001 under the organization of the ULEB . In 2010 Alba Berlin reached the finals in the second ULEB Eurocup competition , when they were defeated there in the Valencia Basket Club final.

National competitions

BBL, men's championship

The basketball Bundesliga was introduced in the 1966/1967 season . Ten teams each played in the north and south seasons. By concentrating on the strongest teams, the level of German basketball should be raised. In contrast, there were higher travel costs. For this reason, Alemannia Aachen, a qualified team, waived its right to participate. The founding members were:

Group north
ASC Gelsenkirchen
SSV Hagen
VfL Osnabrück
Oldenburg TB
ATV Düsseldorf
MTV Wolfenbüttel
SSV Hellas Göttingen
TSV Hagen 1860
Post SV Hannover
Tusa Düsseldorf
Group south
MTV 1846 Giessen
GW Frankfurt
USC Heidelberg
FC Bayern Munich
TSV Schwaben Augsburg
TSV 1860 Munich
TV 46 Heidelberg article assignment questionable
BC Darmstadt
MTSV Schwabing Munich
SV Möhringen-Stuttgart

For the 1971/1972 season , the field of participants was reduced to 8 teams. From the 1975/1976 season , the Bundesliga was single-track for the first time. The previously necessary final and final duels to determine the German champions were no longer necessary. After 18 regular match days, the ten participating teams had played out the champions. It was already criticized in advance that this regulation meant that the season games with the greatest tension and the most intense emotions were canceled without replacement. The mode was corrected in 1976 . The Bundesliga remained single-track, but a final round was played after the regular season, for which the best six teams qualified. However, there have not yet been any play-off matches as we know it today. Instead, the points from the main round were taken and each team played again with a return game against each other. There have been play-offs since 1983/1984 , for which four participants were played in a qualifying round. In 1985 the league was expanded to 12 teams, of which the top eight qualified for the play-offs.

This mode existed until 1990/1991 , when a north and a south group were again introduced in the Bundesliga in order to guarantee the team more home games and thus more spectator income. The league remained a single track. In 22 games this season, each team played each other twice. In addition, there was another two-legged pair against the regional opponents of the group. In the regular season there were 32 games per team. The first four teams in each group played the champions among themselves, the others had to take part in a round of relegation to the second Bundesliga.

In 1994 the Bundesliga became independent; the Bundesliga clubs organize the game operations and the marketing of the league independently. A name sponsor has been found. The Bundesliga operated under the name Veltins Basketball Bundesliga . In the following year 1995 the north / south regionalization was abolished and the league expanded to 14 teams. In 1999 , the separation of BBL and DBB was contractually regulated for 10 years. The DBB ceded its marketing and event rights to the BBL. An annual amateur compensation levy of 600,000 DM was due. The name of the league was changed to s.Oliver Basketball Bundesliga in 2001 , before it was renamed Basketball Bundesliga again in 2003 . In the same year the league was increased to 16 teams, then in 2006 to 18 teams. Since the beginning of the 2009/2010 season , the name of the Liga has been Beko Basketball-Bundesliga , and since the 2016/17 season it has been called easyCredit BBL .

DBBL, women's championship

For women, the Bundesliga began with the 1971/1972 season. The league was divided into two parts, north and south, and each had eight teams. The number of teams was increased to ten each in 1981. In 1982 the league became a single track with ten participants. At the same time, the second leagues North and South were introduced with eight teams each. The second leagues were increased to ten teams per group in 1987, the first Bundesliga in 1991 to twelve teams.

2nd Bundesliga

The second Bundesliga in basketball was introduced in the 1975/1976 season. Since then, it has been the substructure of the basketball league, which became a single track in the same season. 1975 played in the groups north and south of the second division ten and from 1987 twelve teams. The division into north and south remained in place until the 2006/2007 season, the group size grew to 16 teams each. Due to the decision of the BBL to make promotion to the 1st division more difficult by introducing a relegation , the 2nd division working group was forced to undergo structural reform. The sporting, economic and infrastructural distance between the game classes should be reduced in order to enable the relegated to survive economically while at the same time investing security for the infrastructure. The BBL saw a single-track second division as a necessary requirement.

In order to meet this requirement, the second Bundesliga has not been structured regionally, but hierarchically since the 2007/2008 season. The ProA stands above the ProB . The ProB is nominally still part of the second Bundesliga, but is de facto third class. The relegation was abolished before its introduction. The DBB filed a lawsuit against this construct, but was unsuccessful in court.

It was decided to introduce the new standards gradually. The qualification for the new ProA league took place after

  • athletic (placements of the last 3 seasons)
  • economic (minimum budget of 200,000 euros - from 2009/10: 400,000 euros) and
  • infrastructural (hall with at least 1,000 spectators - from 2009/10: 1,800 spectators)

Aspects. The unqualified teams were classified in the ProB . Up to the 2009/2010 season, the ProB was single-track with 16 teams, for the 2010/2011 season it was expanded and divided into a northern and a southern relay with 12 teams each. The climbers in the ProA are determined in joint play-offs in the best-of-three mode.

Title holder

Master of the Lords

The most successful teams are:

  • Record champions TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen ( TuS 04 Leverkusen ) with 14 championship titles -
    1970, 1971, 1972, 1976, 1979, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996
  • USC Heidelberg with 9 championship titles: 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1966, 1973, 1977
  • Brose Bamberg (GHP Bamberg) with 9 championship titles: 2005, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017
  • Alba Berlin with 8 championship titles: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2008
  • MTV Gießen 1846 with 5 championship titles: 1965, 1967, 1968, 1975, 1978
  • Turnerbund Heidelberg with 4 championship titles: 1948, 1951, 1952, 1953
  • BSC Saturn 77 Cologne with 4 championship titles: 1981, 1982, 1987, 1988
  • FC Bayern Munich with 4 championship titles: 1954, 1955, 2014, 2018
  • ASC 46 Göttingen (SSC Göttingen) with 3 championship titles: 1980, 1983, 1984
  • MTSC Schwabing Munich with 2 championship titles: 1947, 1949
  • Alemannia Aachen with 2 championship titles: 1963, 1964

LSV Spandau (1939), BC Stuttgart-Degerloch (1950), ATV 1877 Düsseldorf (1956), VfL Osnabrück (1969), SSV Hagen (1974), OPEL Skyliners (2004), Steiner Bayreuth (1989), were each German champions once . RheinEnergie Cologne (2006), EWE Baskets Oldenburg (2009). The team name at the last championship is given. Older names under which a championship was won are given in brackets.

Cup winners of the men

The DBB trophy has been played since 1967 and has been won ten times (as of 1995) by TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen (1970, 1971, 1974, 1976, 1986, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1995). The first cup winner was VfL Osnabrück , who defeated the ATV Düsseldorf Bundesliga team in Oberhausen in 1967 .

Master of the Ladies

TSC Spandau 1880 (1949), Turnerbund Heidelberg (1952), Neuköllner SF Berlin (1953), TSG Heidelberg 1846 (1954), TV Groß-Gerau (1962), SV Schwaben Augsburg (1966), VfL Lichtenrade Berlin were each German champion (1969), Heidelberger SC (1973), Lotus Munich (1992), BC Marburg (2003), Wolfenbüttel Wildcats (2011). The team name at the last championship is given. Older names among those who have won a championship are given in brackets.

Women's cup winners

International competitions

National team

The German national team in basketball had its biggest success with the EM-victory 1993 . This was followed by winning the bronze medal at the 2002 World Cup and the silver medal at the 2005 European Championship .

Club teams

Major sporting events in Germany

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kurt Hoffmeister : Time travel through the Braunschweig sports history . 2nd Edition. Books on Demand GmbH, Braunschweig 2010, ISBN 978-3-8391-0712-6 , p. 33 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ↑ Alexander Priebe: Netball and basketball in the Third Reich and in the Federal Republic of Germany . In: SportZeiten. Sport in history, culture and society . 13th year, no. 1 . Verlag Die Werkstatt, 2013, ISSN  1617-7606 , p. 71-74 .
  3. ↑ Honor: Nowitzki elected MVP. Spiegel Online , May 11, 2007, accessed January 21, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Maximilian Rau: NBA Master Nowitzki: Forever Dirk. Spiegel Online , June 13, 2011, accessed January 21, 2013 .
  5. ^ The SPORT from the weekend Hamburger Abendblatt ( Memento from December 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), No. 77 from April 3, 1967, page 13
  6. ^ Homepage LTi Gießen 46ers, season 1966/1967 , accessed on January 22, 2009
  7. ^ Homepage LTi Gießen 46ers, 1976/77 season , accessed on October 27, 2008
  8. ↑ AG 2. Basketball Bundesliga, AG meeting: Second league and BBL are moving closer together ( memento of the original from July 15, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 30, 2008 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.diejungeliga.de
  9. ↑ G 2. Basketball Bundesliga, First and Second League establish joint holding ( Memento of the original from December 30, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 336 kB), accessed October 30, 2008 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.diejungeliga.de
  10. ↑ Schoenen-Dunk, 2. Basketball Bundesliga: League composition is fixed , press release of the young league
  11. ↑ Homepage DBB, master list of men ( memento of the original from October 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 27, 2008 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.basketball-bund.de