Art year 1860
1857 | 1858 | 1859 | Art year 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | ► | ►►
Overview of the Art Years
Further events
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Events
architecture
The main synagogue in Judengasse in Frankfurt am Main will be inaugurated on March 23 . It is the third synagogue on this site after the previous buildings from 1462 and 1711 . The representative new building made of red Main sandstone by Johann Georg Kayser corresponds to the historicizing spirit of that time. It takes up Gothic , Moorish and Byzantine style elements .
On November 1st , the theater on Franz-Josefs-Kai in Vienna, built by the opera tenor Karl Treumann according to plans by the architect Ferdinand Fellner , opens. The building site on Morzinplatz was created by razing the Vienna city walls in 1858 . The Treumann Theater plays an important role in establishing the Viennese operetta .
After more than a hundred years of construction, the sixth cathedral of León in Nicaragua , begun in 1747 under Bishop Isidro Marín y Figueroa, is completed.
The young and largely unknown architect Charles Garnier surprisingly wins the architectural competition for the construction of the new Paris Opera . The 15 year construction of the Opéra Garnier will be his life's work.
Victor Baltard starts building the Church of St Augustin in Paris, the first church with an iron structure. Construction lasts until 1871 .
sculpture
The equestrian statue of Archduke Karl of Austria erected by Anton Dominik Fernkorn with the superstructures of Eduard van der Nüll on the Imperial Forum planned in Vienna is unveiled. The square on which the memorial is located is later named Heldenplatz . The monument is remarkable in that the horse is shown jumping up so that only the two hind legs touch the base. The memorial is inspired by the famous battle picture Archduke Karl in the battle of Aspern by Johann Peter Krafft .
pressure
In December, Georg Wigand's publishing house in Leipzig will publish the magnificent edition on China paper of the Bible in Pictures , which has been published in several deliveries since 1852 , a representation of the Old and New Testament, largely dispensed with the Bible text solely through 240 wood engravings by the artist Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld seeks to convey the most important scenes from the holy book of Christians. It developed into the most successful folk and children's Bible well into the 20th century.
painting
France
The French painter Édouard Manet , who has just left his parents' house at the age of 28 and has moved into his first apartment in the Batignolles district with the two years older Dutch pianist Suzanne Leenhoff and her son Léon , paints the two pictures Portrait with oil on canvas of the parents and the Spanish singer , both of which he will submit to the Salon de Paris next year and will be exhibited by it.
The 21-year-old Paul Cézanne receives his father's permission to paint the walls of the salon of the Jas de Bouffan estate, which he bought the previous year . In the course of the year, the large-format murals of the four seasons: spring , summer , autumn and winter , which Cézanne ironically signed with ' Ingres' , whose works he does not appreciate. Presumably he first paints the pictures Summer and Winter , in which there is still a certain awkwardness in handling the painting technique. Spring and autumn seem better worked out. What the sequence of seasons has in common is a romanticizing charisma that is later no longer to be found in Cézanne's works.
Instead of studying at the École des Beaux-Arts as requested by his parents , the 19-year-old Claude Monet entered the free painting school Académie Suisse , where he was mainly concerned with figure studies. During this time Monet attended exhibitions by painters from the Barbizon School , an artist colony founded in 1830 that promoted painting in the style of realism . He also spends a lot of time in the Brasserie des Martyrs , which is a meeting place for many modern artists and authors. His father subsequently withdrew his financial support.
England
The Hogarth Club in London, founded in 1858 by members of the former Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood , has its first joint exhibition in May in the new premises at 6 Waterloo Place . In the same year, however, there were disputes among the members - due to stylistic questions, but above all about the way the club should be run - which would lead to the club being dissolved in the following year.
The painting The Black Brunswickers by the English Pre-Raphaelite John Everett Millais caused a sensation at an exhibition at the London Royal Academy of Arts . With 1000 guineas, Millais received the highest price for one of his paintings up to that point for his oil painting in the Chiaroscuro style .
The American painter James McNeill Whistler meets the Irish Joanna Hifferan in a studio on London's Rathbone Place , who will become his preferred model and lover over the next few years.
William Holman Hunt , one of the co-founders of the Pre-Raphaelites, paints The Finding of Jesus in the Temple . This secures his finances and his reputation as an artist.
Germany
Anselm Feuerbach , member of the German Artists' Association in Rome since 1857 , met Anna Risi , known as Nanna. The wife of a Roman cobbler becomes his model and his lover. This is the beginning of the series of Feuerbach's famous Nanna portraits.
With the oil painting Battle of Krefeld on the battle of the year 1758 ended Emil Hünten , a member of the Düsseldorf School and member of the Artists Association paintbox its presentation of historical Frederician scenes and turns to from now contemporary motifs.
The Salzburg painter Josef Mayburger paints the painting The Klausentor from the city side , one of the two Salzburg city gates.
United States
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After Frederic Edwin Church , a student of Thomas Coles and a member of the second generation of the Hudson River School , bought a house in the small town of Hudson in New York State, the painting Twilight in the Wilderness was created .
Spitzweg's works around 1860
The Munich painter Carl Spitzweg painted one of his most famous pictures around 1860. The work The intercepted love letter is one of his so-called “punch lines”. The pictures, The Eternal Wedding and Institute Walk, which were created around the same time, also belong in this category. Around 1860, Spitzweg also began creating small landscapes and idylls, which he often paints on the boards of his cigar boxes, such as the landscape on Lake Ammer .
The intercepted love letter
The eternal wedding
Institute walk
Landscape at the Ammersee
photograph
During the Risorgimento in Italy, the Frenchman Gustave Le Gray documents the procession of a thousand through Sicily and also makes several portraits of Giuseppe Garibaldi and his generals.
- December 25th : Ludwig Angerer becomes a court photographer .
The Grand Ducal Saxon Art School in Weimar
During the so-called “Silver Age of Weimar ”, Grand Duke Carl Alexander von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach founded the Grand Ducal Saxon Art School Weimar . This educational institution with an artistic orientation goes back to the initiative of the painter Stanislaus von Kalckreuth , who will accordingly be officially entrusted with the management of the institute at the opening ceremony on October 1st. Well-known artists of the time can be won as teachers for the new school right from the start, including Arnold Böcklin , Arthur von Ramberg , Carl Hummel , Franz von Lenbach and Johann Wilhelm Cordes . In the following years the trend in Weimar painting developed here.
Museums
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The Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal ( Montreal Museum of Fine Arts ) is founded in Montreal . The museum, located in the Quartier du Musée on the Golden Square Mile , is Canada's oldest art museum. The museum, which is visited by around 500,000 people every year, is also the largest museum in the country.
Born
- February 12 : Josef Altheimer , German painter and draftsman († 1913 )
- February 18 : Anders Zorn , Swedish painter, graphic artist and sculptor († 1920 )
- February 24 : Emil Rumpf , German painter and illustrator († 1948 )
- April 6 : René Lalique , French entrepreneur, company founder, jewelry and glass artist († 1945 )
- April 9 : Philipp Franck , German painter († 1944 )
- April 13 : James Ensor , Belgian painter and draftsman († 1949 )
- April 24 : Gerhard Janensch , German sculptor and medalist († 1933 )
- May 24 : Walter Kern , German architect and government builder († 1918 )
- May 31 : Walter Sickert , English painter († 1942 )
- June 7th : Hanns Fechner , German painter and writer († 1931 )
- June 14 : Walter Martens , German architect († 1937 )
- August 30 : Isaak Levitan , Russian painter of realism († 1900 )
- August 31 : Karl Emil Scherz , German architect and local chronicle († 1945 )
- September 7th : Grandma Moses , American painter († 1961 )
- September 10 : Marianne von Werefkin , Russian-Swiss painter († 1938 )
- October 2 : Hans Arnold , German sculptor († 1913 )
- October 4th : Sidney Paget , British illustrator († 1908 )
- November 1 : Ernst Stöhr , Austrian painter, poet and musician († 1917 )
- December 10 : Wilhelm Sander , German architect († 1930 )
- December 22nd : Richard Hanitsch , German museum curator († 1940 )
- 1860/ 1861 : Elizabeth Hawkins-Whitshed , Irish climber, photographer and writer († 1934 )
Died
Date of death secured
- January 8 : Gustav von Franck , Austrian writer, editor and painter (* 1807 )
- February 18 : Karl Josef Ignatz Mosler , German painter and art historian (* 1788 )
- March 5 : Alfred Dedreux , French painter (* 1810 )
- March 28 : Karl Theodor von Buseck , German watercolor painter and lithographer (* 1803 )
- March 30th : Eduard Schaubert , Prussian architect (* 1804 )
- April 20 : Ferdinand Nebel , German architect (* 1782 )
- April 23 : Konstanty Adam Czartoryski , Polish officer and art collector (* 1774 )
- May 12 : Charles Barry , English architect and builder (* 1795 )
- July 7th : Achilles Huber , Swiss architect (* 1776 )
- July 8 : Ludwig Theodor Zöllner , German draftsman and lithographer (* 1796 )
- August 22nd : Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps , French painter (* 1803 )
- September 11 : Johannes Riepenhausen , German painter and engraver (* 1787 )
- September 18 : Joseph Locke , English civil engineer (* 1805 )
- September 19 : Robert Eberle , German painter (* 1815 )
- September 22nd : Hermann Stilke , German painter (* 1803 )
- September 24 : Werner Holmberg , Finnish painter (* 1830 )
- October 3 : Alfred Edward Chalon , British painter (* 1780 )
- October 3 : Rembrandt Peale , American painter (* 1778 )
- October 31 : Joseph Kornhäusel , Austrian architect (* 1782 )
- November 19 : Károly Markó the Elder , Hungarian painter (* 1791 )
- December 1 : Friedrich Maximilian Hessemer , German architect and writer (* 1800 )
- December 27 : Gaston Lenthe , German painter (* 1805 )
- December 30th : Nicolaas Pieneman , Dutch painter (* 1809 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Hans Peter Feddersen the Elder , German farmer and portrait painter (* 1788 )
- Pelagio Palagi , Italian painter, sculptor and furniture designer (* 1775 )
