Freiberg district
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Coordinates: 50 ° 55 ' N , 13 ° 20' E |
| Basic data (as of 2008) | |
| Existing period: | 1994-2008 |
| State : | Saxony |
| Administrative region : | Chemnitz |
| Administrative headquarters : | Freiberg |
| Area : | 913.79 km 2 |
| Residents: | 141,622 (Dec 31, 2007) |
| Population density : | 155 inhabitants per km 2 |
| License plate : | FG |
| Circle key : | 14 1 77 |
| Circle structure: | 25 municipalities |
| District Administrator : | Volker Uhlig ( CDU ) |
| Location of the Freiberg district in Saxony | |
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The district of Freiberg was a district in the Free State of Saxony from 1994 to 2008 . Today his area belongs to the district of central Saxony .
geography
The district reached from the central Saxon hill country in the north over a narrow strip of the Erzgebirge foothills to the heights of the Eastern Ore Mountains . In the north, the A4 partially formed the border. In the east, the Tharandt forest with its western edge, the ridges between Colmnitzbach , Sohrbach , Bobritzsch and Gimmlitz formed the border and to the west it was partly the valley of the Zschopau and the Flöha or their eastern heights. To the south, the district extended to the border between Germany and the Czech Republic .
Neighboring districts were the Meißen district in the north, the Weißeritzkreis in the east, the Czech administrative district Aussig ( Ústecký kraj ) in the south, the Middle Ore Mountains District in the southwest , the independent city of Chemnitz in the west and the Mittweida district in the northwest .
The heights of the slightly undulating plateau in the northern part but the more turbulent landscape in the southern part ranged from 227 m above sea level. NN (valley of the Freiberger Mulde near Siebenlehn as the lowest point) to 837 m above sea level. NN (Kohlberg near Neuhausen in the Ore Mountains as the highest point).
The most important bodies of water were the Freiberger Mulde , the Zschopau, the Bobritzsch , the Große and the Kleine Striegis , the Gimmlitz, the Flöha, the Rauschenbach dam and the Lichtenberg dam . The rivers, mostly still as upper or middle reaches , were cut into the surrounding terrain with their winding and strongly pronounced notch and notch bottom valleys to the north . Thus they represented serious obstacles for the west-east running traffic routes from time immemorial until the 19th century . In its southern part, the district had a share in the Ore Mountains / Vogtland Nature Park .
The mining dumps on the old ore veins , the so-called trains between Halsbrücke , Freiberg and Brand-Erbisdorf, were remarkable . Artificial ponds and Art trenches to Freiberg, Brand-Erbisdorf and Großhartmannsdorf presented with their trench and Rosch system , the water supply and disposal of ore mining for centuries safely, including the Rothschönberger Stolln , the Brander and Freiberger mining on the Triebisch the Elbe drained out.
Across all districts, at the beginning of the 21st century a zone of urbanization was tending to emerge with the cities of Nossen in the district of Meißen , Roßwein in the district of Döbeln , the new town of Großschirma, the cities of Freiberg and Brand-Erbisdorf . In 2004 this comprised about 75,000 inhabitants.
In the north of the district the land that adjoins the loess zone of the Lommatzscher care was covered by arable land , meadows and forests . The geo-ecological border between hill country and mountain country was roughly on the line Seifersdorf - Großschirma - Sand - Oberschaar - Herrndorf - Landberg in the Tharandt forest ( Weißeritzkreis ). Spruce forest grew predominantly on the stony plateaus , while mainly deciduous forest on the steep valley slopes . The further south one went, the more the proportion of arable land decreased, mountain meadows dominated and in the far south near the rugged ridge areas with guaranteed snow in winter there was a closed spruce forest . The soils were made up of loess and loam in the north and more and more of weathered soils in the south .
See also: List of Landscapes in Saxony , List of Waters in Saxony , List of Mountains in Saxony and Natural Areas in Saxony
history
The oldest evidence of human activity was the pickaxe of Niederschöna that in the Mesolithic is classified. Furthermore, in Hohentanne , Halsbach , Großschirma , Freiberg and Memmendorf, stone tools or fragments of those that can be assigned to the Neolithic were found. Discovered Axthämmer date from the Bronze Age and the early Iron Age . However , this was not evidence of permanent settlement in the area, but it was assumed that all these finds were due to forays, hikes and hunts.
In the 1st century the area probably belonged to the sphere of influence of the Hermunduren , in the 4th and 5th centuries to that of the Thuringians and Silingen . There was no archaeological evidence from this period. Settlement began in the northern part or in the suitable, not threatened by flood and / or muddy river valleys in the 6th to 8th centuries by the West Slavic Daleminzians , who immigrated primarily to the fertile loess areas around Lommatzsch and Meißen , who only touch the discussed area. Place names such as Bobritzsch , Loßnitz , Großschirma , Kleinschirma and Flöha could prove this. Until the beginning of the high medieval country development in the late 11th and especially in the 12th century, the entire area was covered with dense forest, which in the written sources usually appears as "Bohemian Forest" or "The Bohemian Forests".
The founding of the Altzella monastery near Nossen immediately north of the district border played a decisive role in the further history . The so-called Frankenstrasse , which arose as part of the eastern colonization and led from Franconia and Thuringia through Saxony over the Elbe near Dresden to Upper Lusatia , to Silesia and to Krakow , is documented from historical times . In the 12th century, starting from Altzella, the forest was cleared, which led to the creation of Waldhufendörfern such as Weißenborn / Erzgeb. , led. There were no longer exactly localizable connections (see above) from the Halle and Leipzig area to Bohemia (Prague), but they led to the accidental discovery of solid silver in 1168 near what was then Christiansdorf , a forerunner settlement to Freiberg. The so-called Saxon town and later Freiberg emerged from this settlement .
The Hussite incursions into the area around Freiberg and the Erzgebirge in 1430 (1429/30) are meanwhile in doubt. The Erzgebirge chronist Christian Lehmann (1611–1688) describes these events a. a. as follows: “Around Michaelis, the Hussites invaded with a mighty, rebellious group, devastated the whole area with murder, robbery and burnt, and robbed the mountains. ... The villages, castles and spots on the pass were completely ruined by them. ” And further: “ In Zschopau and Scharfenstein the people have salvaged themselves with their cattle and movables (so that the Hussites) cannot harm themselves much but they completely devastated everything they found in unmarried towns and villages. " Many people in our area were " plundered and slaughtered, corrupted with fire and sword, that many villages remained desolate and lost their name, in contrast to the fields bushy and overgrown with wood. "
Administrative history
The territorial forerunner was the Amtshauptmannschaft Freiberg , which was renamed the Freiberg district in 1938 . During the GDR district reform in 1952 , this district was reorganized and divided into the Freiberg and Brand-Erbisdorf districts.
On August 1, 1994, the districts of Brand-Erbisdorf and Flöha were combined with the Freiberg district to form the Freiberg district as part of the 1st Saxon district reform . The following municipalities contributed to the formation of the Freiberg district (cities in italics ):
- 10 communities from Ldkrs. Brand-Erbisdorf :
- Brand-Erbisdorf , Dorfchemnitz b. Sayda, Frauenstein , Großhartmannsdorf, Langenau, Lichtenberg / Erzgeb., Mulda / Sa., Neuhausen / Erzgeb., Rechenberg-Bienenmühle and Sayda .
- 17 municipalities from Ldkrs.Floha :
- Augustusburg , Braunsdorf, Breitenau, Eppendorf, Erdmannsdorf, Falkenau, Flöha , Frankenstein, Gahlenz, Großwaltersdorf, Grünberg, Hennersdorf, Kleinhartmannsdorf, Leubsdorf, Lichtenwalde, Niederwiesa and Oederan .
- 12 municipalities from Ldkrs. Freiberg :
- Bobritzsch, Bräunsdorf-Langhennersdorf, Freiberg , Großschirma, Halsbrücke, Hilbersdorf, Niederschöna, Oberschöna, Reichenbach b. Siebenlehn, Reinsberg, Siebenlehn and Weißenborn / Erzgeb.
Due to changes in the area of the municipality, these 39 municipalities were reduced to 25 when the Freiberg district was dissolved:
- 1st July 1995 incorporation of Braunsdorf into the Gde. Niederwiesa
- 1st October 1995 incorporation of Grünberg into the city of Augustusburg
- 1st October 1995 incorporation of Kleinhartmannsdorf into the Gde. Eppendorf
- January 1st 1997 incorporation of Breitenau into the city of Oederan
- January 1, 1997 incorporation of Bräunsdorf-Langhennersdorf into the Gde. Oberschöna
- January 1, 1998 incorporation of Großwaltersdorf into the district of Eppendorf
- January 1, 1999 Merger of Augustusburg, Stadt, Erdmannsdorf and Hennersdorf to form the city of Augustusburg
- January 1, 1999 Reichenbach b. Siebenlehn in the Gde. Großschirma
- April 1, 2002 Langenau is incorporated into the city of Brand-Erbisdorf
- September 1st, 2003 Incorporation of the town of Siebenlehn into the Gde. Großschirma
- with simultaneous granting of city rights for large companies
- January 1, 2006 Incorporation of Niederschöna into the Gde. Halsbrücke
- January 1st, 2007 Gahlenz is incorporated into the city of Oederan
The implementation of the district reform in Saxony resulted in a merger of the Freiberg district with the Döbeln (13 communities) and Mittweida (23 communities) district to form the Central Saxony district with a total of 61 communities with effect from August 1, 2008 .
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
The district is part of the Ore Mountains / Krušnohoří Euroregion . Freiberg silver mining dominated the region for over 800 years. Later other ores such as lead , nickel , iron , copper and tin ores were mined and smelted in Freiberg, Muldenhütten and Halsbrücke , where silver , gold , platinum and other precious metals were processed . This led to ecological problems as early as the 18th and 19th centuries, which culminated at the end of the 20th century, but ultimately no longer played a role due to modern cleaning processes for flue gas and waste water and the almost complete discontinuation of this branch of industry after 1990. Nature was able to regenerate itself within a very short time. A kind of cluster formation has been evident since the early industrialization of this area, which goes back to the end of the Middle Ages with the introduction of early capitalist forms of production . Mining and metallurgy attracted trade and the subsequent trades and industries such as charcoal burning , wood processing, textile and leather production, mechanical engineering and metalworking industry or water management and became closely interlinked. Practice-oriented science was added by the 18th century at the latest. In this way, economically effective and profitable structures could be created in a relatively small area in times of economic upswing. Among other things, one of the sources for the fact that Saxony was able to assert itself as an economic power within Germany and Central Europe several times in history was to be found here. In times of recession, however, which was linked to the development of the silver price on the world market for centuries , alternatives had to be found. These then consisted, for example, of working from home in the upper Ore Mountains and in agriculture and forestry.
The district was recently characterized by high technologies such as solar technology and recycling of high-quality materials, the service sector and tourism, through which the Silberstraße and the Deutsche Alleenstraße led . In the north of the district the Fürstenstrasse of the Wettins and from north to south the Alte Salzstrasse through central Saxony was under construction. In Freiberg itself, high technology and science gave rise to an economic cluster . Agriculture and forestry only played a subordinate role. The western part of the district was economically closely linked to the Chemnitz - Zwickau agglomeration . From the 20th century there was an increasing tendency for day commuters to the metropolitan areas of Dresden , Chemnitz-Zwickau and Leipzig - Halle .
traffic
The district area was affected at the northern border by the federal highway 4 and the triangle Nossen ( federal highway 14 ) and opened up by a highway junction ( Siebenlehn ). The federal highway 101 ran from north to south via Großschirma, Freiberg and Brand-Erbisdorf, from west to east the federal highway 173 ran via Flöha, Oederan and Freiberg, which crossed in the district town. From east to south-west, the district was cut through by federal highway 171 , which ran through the cities of Frauenstein and Sayda . There was a dense network of state roads as well as district and local roads .
The area of the Freiberg district was integrated into the Verkehrsverbund Mittelachsen (VMS) with a common tariff for train and bus . The PT was represented by the Freiberg and fire-Erbisdorf connecting urban bus network (7 lines). Flöha also had a city bus network. The traditionally very dense overland traffic was served by various bus companies.
The railway network used to be very dense. Most recently, only the Dresden – Werdau railway , part of the Saxony-Franconian Magistrale , the Flöha – Annaberg , Reitzenhain – Flöha , Pockau-Lengefeld – Neuhausen and Freiberg Muldental Railway to Holzhau ran through the district . In addition to Brand-Erbisdorf, Halsbrücke, Langenau, Großhartmannsdorf, Großschirma, Siebenlehn and Deutschneudorf also had a railway connection ( standard gauge ).
A very special means of transport is the Augustusburg cable car , which runs from the Zschopautal ( Erdmannsdorf ) to the Augustusburg hunting lodge .
There was an airfield in Langhennersdorf near Freiberg .
District administrators
- Eberhard Löffler (CDU) (1994-2001)
- Volker Uhlig (CDU) (2001-2008)
Partner counties
The Freiberg district maintained a partnership with the Calw district in Baden-Württemberg from 1994 to 2008 .
cities and communes
(Population figures as of December 31, 2006)
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License Plate
At the beginning of 1991 the district received the distinguishing mark FG . It is issued in the Central Saxony district until today.
literature
- Freiberger Land (= values of our homeland . Volume 47). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1988.
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.statistik.sachsen.de/wpr_alt/pkg_w04_erg_kt.prc_erg_kt?p_bz_bzid=KT04&p_ebene=LK&p_ort=14177
- ↑ Christian Lehmann: The War Chronicle - Saxony with the Ore Mountains. H&F Verlag, Scheibenberg 1998, p. 7 ff., ISBN 3-9805904-6-1 .
- ↑ Saxony regional register
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