Leiningen (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of the Leiningen in Genealogical History of the [...] House of Leiningen and Leiningen-Westerburg

The house of Leiningen is a widespread count or dynasty from the Palatinate area (in today's state of Rhineland-Palatinate ), which, as a former imperial house, belonged to the high nobility .

Starting point in Germany: the Leiningerland in the Palatinate (Germany)
Starting point in Germany: the Leiningerland in the Palatinate
Starting point in Germany: the Leiningerland in the Palatinate

history

starting point

The family originated from the castle Leiningen, built in the 12th century in the north-eastern Palatinate Forest ; the castle was later called "Altleiningen" when the sister castle Neuleiningen was added in the 13th century on the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest on the Rhine plain five kilometers away .

Below the Altleiningen Castle in the Eckbach valley lies the Altleiningen community , while the Neuleiningen community has developed on the hill around the castle of the same name. The home country of the Leininger around the two castles today bears the name Leiningerland and largely coincides with the community of Leiningerland and the city of Grünstadt .

The beginnings (Alt-Leiningen)

Altleiningen Castle
Neuleiningen Castle

No reliable information can be given about the early period of the sex up to the 12th century. The first reliable mention of the family comes from the year 1128, when Emicho, Count von Leiningen , attested a document from the Archbishop of Mainz , Adalbert I of Saarbrücken .

This Emich II. Von Leiningen († before 1138) is regarded in the more recent literature ( Lit .: Toussaint 1982) as the progenitor of the noble family. The sources do not allow the evidence of an origin from the Emichonen , the counts in Nahegau , although it can be assumed as probable. The relationship with the crusader Emicho can no longer be clarified either; possibly he was the grandfather of Emich II.

Emich II expanded the core area of ​​his rule around Leiningen Castle (today Altleiningen ). His part in the construction or expansion of the castle is unknown. During his time, the Höningen Canons' Monastery (see also Höninger Latin School ) was founded between 1119 and 1124. The last Altleiningen count, Reinhard August zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen († 1929), settled in 1913 by Guido Philipp Schmitt , in the style of historicism , portraying his ancestor Emich II. The painting is now in the Museum Grünstadt . In the same year, the bronze relief of the Emichbrunnen in the current pedestrian zone in Grünstadt was designed after him .

Emich III was succeeded by Emich II as ruling count . († between 1180 and 1187) and Friedrich I. (Emich) († before 1214). 1204/05 the counts of Leiningen received the bailiwick over the Speyergau and Vogt rights over the monastery Limburg .

Between 1212 and 1214 the Leiningers died out in the male line.

Stammliste Alt-Leiningen

  1. Emich II. († before 1138)
    1. Emich III. († between 1180 and 1187)
      1. Friedrich I. (Emich) († between 1212 and 1214) ∞ Gertrud von Habsburg
      2. Elisa ∞ Count Ruprecht III. from Nassau
      3. Alberat, ∞ Count Siegfried von Peilstein-Mörle-Kleeberg
      4. Liutgard ∞ Count Simon II of Saarbrücken

Several people who were referred to or suspected as Leininger in the literature are omitted:

  1. Emich I. , mentioned in 1096 as a crusader
  2. Embricho , 1127–1146 Bishop of Würzburg
  3. Heinrich II. , 1159–1165 Bishop of Würzburg
  4. Siegfried II. , 1127–1146 Bishop of Speyer
  5. Günther , 1146–1161 Bishop of Speyer

The divisions

Hardenburg around 1580
Dagsburg (Lorraine)
Landeck Castle (Palatinate)

After the Leiningen population died out in 1212, the nephew of the last count, son of his sister Liutgard and Count Simon II of Saarbrücken , took the name Leiningen and the coat of arms as Friedrich II . With this he founded the younger line Leiningen . Goods inherited from the father ( Hardenburg ) as well as the bailiwick of the Limburg monastery were added to the existing Leiningen property . His son Friedrich III. acquired the county of Dagsburg in the Vosges in 1241 . The second son, Emich IV. , Founder of the town of Landau in the Palatinate , received the Landeck Castle along with all associated localities and rights when the estate was divided in 1237 and founded the short-lived Leiningen-Landeck line , which, however, already existed in 1289/1290 with his death Son Emicho and grandson Rudolf went out again. In 1317 it came under the grandchildren of Frederick III. to be divided into the two lines Leiningen-Dagsburg and Leiningen-Hardenburg .

The (older) Dagsburg line died out again in 1467. The last of this line was Landgrave Hesso von Leiningen-Dagsburg , who was appointed Prince in 1444 . His sister Margarethe, married to Reinhard III. von Westerburg , received the greater part of the inheritance, which is why the counts living in the Westerwald called themselves Leiningen-Westerburg from then on . The ancestral seat of the older Dagsburg line, the Dagsburg , fell to the Leiningen-Hardenburg line, which then took on the name Leiningen-Dagsburg (-Hardenburg).

From the 15th century onwards there were two counts' houses in Leiningen, a Leiningen-Westerburg family that emerged from the older Dagsburg line and a younger Leiningen-Dagsburg family that emerged from the Leiningen-Hardenburg line, which should not be confused with the older Dagsburg line.

Tribe list from Saarbrücken-Leiningen to the division

Simon II. ∞ Liutgard von Leiningen (∞ (II) Lothar von Wied )

  1. Friedrich II. , Count of Leiningen 1220–1237 ∞ Agnes von Eberstein ∞ (II) Diether V. von Katzenelnbogen
    1. Simon ∞ (III) Gertrud von Metz and Dagsburg ∞ (II) 1217 Theobald IV of Champagne , King of Navarre, divorced before 1223; ∞ (I) 1215 Theobald I , 1213 Duke of Lorraine, 1216 Count of Dagsburg and Metz, † 1217
    2. Friedrich III. († 1287), Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg
      1. Friedrich IV. († 1310), ∞ Countess Johanna von Dagsburg
        1. Friedrich V († 1328), Landgrave of Leiningen-Leiningen
        2. Emich von Leiningen , Bishop of Speyer 1314–1328
        3. Gottfried († around 1343), Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg
          1. Friedmann († 1345), Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg
          2. Emich V. († 1375), Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg
    3. Emich IV. († 1281), Count of Leiningen-Landeck
      1. Emich V. († 1289), Count of Leiningen-Landeck
        1. Rudolf († 1290)
    4. Heinrich von Leiningen , Bishop of Speyer 1245–1272
    5. Berthold von Leiningen , Bishop of Bamberg 1258–1285
    6. Kunigunde

Leiningen-Westerburg

Westerburg Castle (Westerwald)

→ see also: Stammliste des Leiningen-Westerburg

When Countess Margarethe von Leiningen-Westerburg (∞ Reinhard III. Herr von Westerburg († 1449) from the House of Runkel-Westerburg ) died in 1470, the entire Westerburger and Leininger property fell to her grandson Reinhard, who from then on became “Count of Leiningen -Westerburg "called. He bequeathed his Palatinate possessions to his son from his first marriage, Philipp, and shared his Westerwald possessions with his sons Kuno and Georg from his second marriage. Thus, three lines were initially created here as well:

  • Leiningen-Leiningen (until 1622)
  • Leiningen-Westerburg († 1597)
  • Leiningen (-Westerburg) -Schaumburg (until 1705)

The House of Leiningen-Leiningen acquired the County of Rixingen in Lorraine in the 16th century and, in 1570, when the Counts of Zweibrücken-Bitsch died out , they also received part of their rule, including a. Oberbronn in Alsace . In 1569 the Leininger introduced the Reformation, abolished the Höningen monastery and founded a Latin school in its place , to which today's Leininger grammar school in Grünstadt goes back.

When Count Ludwig von Leiningen-Leiningen died in 1622, this house was again divided into three lines:

  • Leiningen-Leiningen († 1635)
  • Leiningen-Rixingen († 1705)
  • Leiningen-Oberbronn († 1665)

When Count Philipp Ludwig von Leiningen-Rixingen, the last of these lines, died out in 1705, these parts fell to the surviving relatives of the Schaumburg line.

Ilbenstadt Monastery , seat of the Counts of Leiningen-Westerburg from 1803 to 1921

The main line Leiningen-Westerburg died out as early as 1597, its possessions also fell to the side line Leiningen-Schaumburg . In 1695/1705 this line was also divided several times. Two of these branch lines of the Count's House of Leiningen existed until the 20th century:

  • Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen (nominally exists in a line in Austria to this day)
  • Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen († 1956)

The counts' holdings on the left bank of the Rhine were incorporated into the French state in the wake of the French Revolution in 1793, and the two Counts of Alt- and Neuleiningen were temporarily imprisoned in Paris. They were compensated in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 with the former abbeys of Ilbenstadt and Engelthal in the Wetterau . In 1806 their estates were incorporated into the Grand Duchies of Berg and Hessen-Darmstadt and the Principality of Nassau-Weilburg and Nassau-Usingen .

Leiningen-Dagsburg

The burial chapel of the Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg line, attached to the side of the Bad Dürkheim castle church (1508)

The other line, Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg , was able to acquire further property there in the possession of the Landvogtei Unterelsass . In 1466 this line acquired the Apremont rule in Lorraine . A line to Rixingen that had split off in 1343 fell to Pfalz-Zweibrücken in 1506 .

Leiningen-Hardenburg was able to obtain Weißenburger fiefdom in the 15th and 16th centuries , but in 1560 there was another division, from which the lines

  • Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg and
  • Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (until 1658)

emerged.

Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg
Amorbach Monastery , seat of the Princes of Leiningen since 1803
The Castle Waldleiningen of 1828 was British-style by Karl zu Leiningen commissioned

From 1560 to 1725 the Hardenburg was the headquarters of the family branch and was expanded into a residential palace during this period. In the Palatinate War of Succession (1688–1697), the French destroyed the fortifications of the complex in 1692 and it remained in ruins. That is why the Counts of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg moved their residence in 1725 to the nearby Dürkheim Castle , which stood on the site of today's Kurhaus . Count Emich IX built it between 1504 and 1508 . von Leiningen-Hardenburg († 1535) here a grave chapel of his family line, with a (inaccessible) crypt, built on the southeast side aisle of the Dürkheim castle church . It is a late Gothic building with two gables, a saddle roof and ribbed vault, which is spatially connected to the church. Several Gothic tombstones and Renaissance epitaphs belonging to the family have been preserved inside.

In 1779 , the emperor elevated Count Carl Friedrich Wilhelm to the rank of imperial prince with a curate vote in the Wetterau Counts College . When the French Revolution spread to south-west and west Germany in the 1790s, the family was expelled from the Dürkheim residence and from all properties on the left bank of the Rhine in 1796. The castle in Dürkheim was set on fire and burned out. In 1801, the left bank of the line went to France, which is why it was compensated in 1803 by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss with various former Kurmainzer and Würzburg possessions in the Odenwald and formed the new Principality of Leiningen with its seat in the former Amorbach Abbey . Prince Carl was given a virile vote in the Imperial Council of Dukes, instead of the title of Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg, he accepted the title of Imperial Prince of Leiningen, Count Palatine of Mosbach , Count of Düren , Lord of Miltenberg , Amorbach , Bischofsheim , Boxberg , Schüpf and Lauda . However, through mediatization and the influence of Napoleon , he lost his state sovereignty to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806 . This ceded parts of the area to the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1810 , which it passed on to the Kingdom of Bavaria as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1816 . This princely line to Leiningen is the last line of the entire Leiningen house that still exists today.

Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg
The Leininger Castle in Guntersblum

The Count's line of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg split into the lines in 1658

  • Leiningen-Dagsburg († 1706)
  • Leiningen-Heidesheim († 1766)
  • Leiningen-Guntersblum (until 1774)

The county of Dagsburg fell to Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg in 1774.

The two branch lines

received the remaining possessions of the Guntersblum line.

Lists of namesake

(sorted according to life data, not genealogically)

Counts of Leiningen

Count Friedrich I. von Leiningen († 1220) as a minstrel in the Codex Manesse
Surname line born died Remarks
Emich II. Leiningen before 1138 Construction of Leiningen Castle (today Altleiningen )? 1119/1124 Canon Monastery of Höningen
Emich III. Leiningen 1180 or 1187
Friedrich I. Leiningen before 1214 1204/05 Landvogtei over the Speyergau , 1206 (1237?) Vogtrechte over Limburg Monastery , Minnesinger Codex Manesse
Friedrich II. Leiningen 1237 from birth a count of Saarbrücken , who inherited Leiningen; Construction of the Hardenburg , establishment of the second (younger) house in Leiningen
Heinrich Leiningen January 18, 1272 Chancellor, Bishop of Speyer , temporarily Bishop of Würzburg
Emich IV. Leiningen-Landeck 1281 1237 Landecker line (extinguished in 1289), founder of Landau in the Palatinate
Friedrich III. Leiningen-Dagsburg 1287 1241 Acquisition of the county of Dagsburg with the castle of the same name in what is now the Lorraine part of the Vosges
Friedrich IV. Leiningen-Dagsburg 1316
Friedrich V. Leiningen-Dagsburg 1327
Friedrich VI. Leiningen-Dagsburg before 1342
Frederick VII Leiningen-Dagsburg 1377
Frederick VIII Leiningen-Dagsburg 1397
Friedrich IX. Leiningen-Dagsburg around 1434
Friedrich X. Leiningen-Dagsburg before 1429
Emich VII. Leiningen-Dagsburg 1452
Hesso Leiningen-Dagsburg 1467
Emich VIII. Leiningen-Dagsburg 1495 1460 and 1471 Destruction of the Emichsburg by Elector Friedrich I , before October 27, 1492 request to the Pope to raise the parish church in Dürkheim to a collegiate church
Emich IX. Leiningen-Dagsburg February 18, 1535 1502 Reconstruction of the Bockenheimer Emichsburg, 1504–1508 Construction of the family burial chapel at the Dürkheimer parish church (called "Castle Church" since 1818), where his tombstone is located, destroyed the Limburg monastery in 1504
Emich X. Leiningen-Dagsburg 1498 January 10, 1541
Emich XI. Leiningen-Dagsburg December 15, 1540 March 13, 1593 Redesign of the Emichsburg in Renaissance - Schlossgut
Emich XII. Leiningen-Dagsburg November 4, 1562 November 24, 1607 Signed the Concord Formula of 1577 and the Concord Book of 1580.
Johann Ludwig Leiningen-Dagsburg May 8, 1579 June 19, 1625
Emich XIII. Leiningen-Dagsburg June 12, 1612 1658
Georg Wilhelm Leiningen-Dagsburg March 8, 1636 July 19, 1672
Eve Leiningen-Westerburg 1481 February 23, 1543 Ruling Countess, savior of Neuleiningen Castle, founder of a hospital in Grünstadt, person of the Palatinate People's Estate
Philipp Ludwig Leiningen-Westerburg-Rixingen 1652 August 16, 1705 Relocation of the residence from Altleiningen Castle to Grünstadt , where Unterhof Palace was built in 1698 ; sold a portion of the county in 1695, which became the dominion of Wattenheim .
Johann Karl August Leiningen-Dagsburg March 17, 1662 November 3, 1698
Christian Karl Reinhard Leiningen-Dagsburg July 7, 1695 November 17, 1766
Karl Ludwig Leiningen-Dagsburg February 16, 1704 March 20, 1747 Founded in 1728 the new branch of the family Leiningen-Emichsburg , built in 1730 Emichsburg new and is in the church of St. Martin (Battenberg) buried
Georg Carl I. August Ludwig Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen February 17, 1717 March 19, 1787 Governing Count, Dutch Lieutenant General , Knight of the Pour le Mérite , Grand Master of the Order of St. Joachim , buried in the Martinskirche in Grünstadt
Victoire von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld , wife of the 2nd Prince Emich Carl zu Leiningen and mother of the 3rd Prince Karl zu Leiningen , 1814–1823 regent of the lordship of Leiningen , since 1818 second wife of Duke Edward von Kent and mother of the Queen Victoria

Prince of Leiningen

Heads of the House of Leiningen after the end of the monarchy

Other well-known members of the Leiningen family

Surname line born died Remarks
Gottfried von Leiningen 1410 1396–1397 Archbishop of Mainz
Maria Luise Albertine zu Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg 1729 1818 called Princess George
August Georg zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen 1770 1849 Lieutenant Field Marshal and Austrian Commander of the Mainz Fortress, Maria-Theresien-Ritter
Christian Ludwig zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen 1771 1819 Austro-Hungarian colonel, Maria Theresa Knight
Feodora zu Leiningen Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg 1807 1872 Half-sister of the British Queen Victoria and niece of the Belgian King Leopold I.
Friedrich I. zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen 1761 1839 Count, registrar and member of parliament
Friedrich II of Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen 1806 1868 Count, registrar and member of parliament
Seraphine Franziska zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen 1810 1874 Registrar of Westerburg and Schadeck , as well as canon of the Imperial Ladies' Monastery in Innsbruck
Karl zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen 1819 1849 Hungarian freedom fighter and general in the War of Independence 1848/49
Viktor zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen 1821 1880 kuk Austrian field marshal lieutenant
Friedrich III. to Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen 1852 1916 Count, registrar and member of parliament
Karl Emich zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen 1856 1906 Officer, genealogist and heraldist, author of the standard work German and Austrian Library Signs (1901)
Reinhard August zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen 1863 1929 Prussian officer, depicted as a crusader at the Röhrbrunnen Grünstadt
Wilhelm zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen 1875 1956 Graf, chemist, forest scientist and university professor

Palaces and castles

The county of Leiningen with the counties of Falkenstein and Wartenberg, Franz Johann Joseph von Reilly , 1793/1794

coat of arms

  • Family coat of arms of the older Leiningen line

  • Coat of arms of those of "Liningen" in the Zurich coat of arms , around 1340

  • Family coat of arms of the younger line of Leiningen according to GHdA

The family coat of arms shows three (2: 1) red-armored silver eagles in blue. On the helmet with its blue and silver covers stands a green linden tree with silver flowers. It is represented in this form in the Codex Manesse , in the Ortenburger Wappenbuch from 1466, in the Wernigeroder Wappenbuch and in the Wappenbuch of the Holy Roman Empire. The shape used today with an additional red tournament collar appears in 1515 by Nicolaus Bertschi and also in 1554–1568 in the Book of Arms of the Holy Roman Empire. According to the blazon in the Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility , the version with the tournament collar is defined as the family coat of arms.

The so-called Leininger eagle found its way into numerous coats of arms of local authorities in the former domain of the family branches.

Coats of arms of regional authorities with the Leininger eagle

literature

  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Leiningen, the house, genealogy . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 14th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1865, p. 328 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • J. Kindler v. Knobloch: Leiningen , In: Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste, Section 2, Theil 43 (1889), pp. 23-26.
  • Hans Heiberger: 1200 years of Altleiningen. 780–1980 , Heidelberger Verlagsanstalt, Heidelberg 1980.
  • Ingo Toussaint: The Counts of Leiningen. Studies of the lineage genealogy and territorial history up to the division of 1317/18. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1982, ISBN 3-7995-7017-9 .
  • Hans Heiberger: The Counts of Leiningen-Westerburg. Origin, splendor, decline. Verlag Kiliansdruck Erwin Dinges, Grünstadt 1983, ISBN 3-924386-00-5 .
  • Friedrich Oswald:  Leiningen, to. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , pp. 142-144 ( digitized version ).
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility , Adelslexikon Volume VII, Volume 97 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1989, ISSN  0435-2408 .
  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 .
  • Eva Kell: The Principality of Leiningen. Experiences of upheaval in an aristocratic regime at the time of the French Revolution . Kaiserslautern 1993, ISBN 3-927754-09-9 .
  • Hans Heiberger: The end of the counts of Leiningen-Westerburg. Verlag Klaus Dinges, Grünstadt 2000, ISBN 3-9806596-1-5 .
  • Thomas Gehrlein: The Leiningen house. 900 years of total history with ancestral sequences. Börde-Verlag, Werl 2011, ISBN 978-3-9811993-9-0 .
  • Eduard Brinckmeier: Genealogical history of the primeval aristocratic, imperial count and imperial princely, noble, noble house of Leiningen and Leiningen-Westerburg. Sattler, Braunschweig 1890 digitized

Web links

Commons : Leiningen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Toussaint 1982, p. 204
  2. ^ Toussaint 1982, p. 205
  3. ^ Toussaint 1982, p. 71
  4. ^ Toussaint 1982, p. 30
  5. ↑ Website for the Emich or Röhrbrunnen Grünstadt
  6. ↑ Toussaint 1982, p. 248
  7. ^ H. Grote: Stammtafeln, Leipzig 1877, p. 154
  8. ↑ Franz Neumer: Is Hochspeyer a Liningian foundation? , in the year book on the history of the city and district of Kaiserslautern , Volume 32/33, 1994/95, p. 17 (for his part cited Ruppersberg 1979 and Toussaint 1982).
  9. ↑ Due to the Austrian Nobility Abolition Act, the Austrian branch of the Count's House of Leiningen-Westerburg no longer bears the title of nobility Graf in its civil name. The last agnatic bearer of the name Wilhelm Graf zu Leiningen-Westerburg from the Altleiningen line died in 1929 without male descendants. His sister Eleonore adopted Konrad Schmitt in 1930, who thus carried the name Graf zu Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen until his death in 1993. See: Hans Heiberger: The End of the Counts of Leiningen-Westerburg. Grünstadt 2000, pp. 12 ff., 26, 77 and 83
  10. ^ Genealogical page on Emich IX. from Leiningen
  11. ^ Johann Georg Lehmann : Documented history of the castles and mountain palaces in the former districts, counties and lordships of the Bavarian Palatinate , Volume 3, page 203, Kaiserslautern, 1863
  12. ↑ Franz Haffner: Is the castle church in Bad Dürkheim a former collegiate church ?, in: Pfälzer Heimat 18, 1967, p. 3 or VatA, Rom / I, Reg. Suppl. 964, p. 38v
  13. ↑ See BSLK , p. 16 and p. 764.
  14. ↑ Leininger coat of arms in the Codex Manesse
  15. ↑ Coat of arms in the Ortenburger Wappenbuch 1466
  16. ^ Coat of arms in the Wernigeroder Wappenbuch at the end of the 15th century
  17. ↑ Book of Arms of the Holy Roman Empire, Nuremberg around 1554–1568
  18. ↑ Coat of arms on the Princely House's homepage
  19. ^ Bertschi, Nikolaus: Book of arms, especially of German families, Augsburg 1515
  20. ↑ Book of Arms of the Holy Roman Empire
  21. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume VII, Volume 97 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1989