Mouthe
| Mouthe | ||
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | Doubs | |
| Arrondissement | Pontarlier | |
| Canton | Frasne | |
| Community association | Lacs et Montagnes du Haut-Doubs | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 43 ' N , 6 ° 12' E | |
| height | 926-1,414 m | |
| surface | 38.73 km 2 | |
| Residents | 1,098 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 28 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 25240 | |
| INSEE code | 25413 | |
| Website | www.mouthe.fr | |
 View of Mouthe |
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Mouthe is a French commune with 1,098 inhabitants (as of January 1 2017) in Doubs in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté . It is part of the canton of Frasne in the arrondissement of Pontarlier . The municipality is part of the Lacs et Montagnes du Haut-Doubs municipal association .
geography
Mouthe is located at 933 m above sea level, about 25 kilometers (as the crow flies) southwest of the city of Pontarlier . The village extends in the Jura in the longitudinal basin of the Val de Mouthe on both sides of the Doubs near its source, on the northern valley slope between the heights of the Haute Joux in the northwest and the Risoux in the southeast, near the border with Switzerland .
The 38.73 km² municipal area covers a section of the French Jura. The landscape is characterized by parallel ridges and longitudinal hollows, which are oriented in the southwest-northeast direction in accordance with the direction of the fold of the Jura in this region. The central part of the area is taken up by the approximately 1.5 km wide longitudinal basin of the Val de Mouthe, which forms a syncline in geological and tectonic terms . Southeast of Mouthe, at the foot of the Risoux anticline, the Doubs rises with a karst spring and initially flows westwards to receive the Cébriot at Mouthe, which drains the southwestern section of the Val de Mouthe. The wide basin has protected moor areas. At the village, the Doubs changes its direction of flow to the north-east and ensures the drainage of the lower part of the Val de Mouthe.
To the northwest, the communal soil extends to the forest heights of Les Esseux ( 1071 m ) and Bois de Pila ( 1081 m ), which belong to the Haute Joux system. On its southeast side, the Val de Mouthe is flanked by the wooded height of the Forêt du Noirmont ( 1220 m ). This height leads over to the hilly terrain of the Risoux, which is also predominantly covered by forest, but also has various clearing islands with pastureland. There are no above-ground rivers here because the rainwater seeps into the karstified subsoil and thus feeds the Doubs spring. At 1,419 m , the highest peak of Mouthe is reached on the Gros Crêt , the highest peak of the Risoux. The municipality is part of the Upper Jura Regional Nature Park (French: Parc naturel régional du Haut-Jura ).
Mouthe has numerous individual farms in the Risoux area. Neighboring municipalities of Mouthe are Chaux-Neuve in the south, Petite-Chaux and Reculfoz in the west, Les Pontets and Rondefontaine in the north, Sarrageois in the east and the Swiss municipalities Le Lieu and Le Chenit in the southeast.
climate
The climate of Mouthe is harsh, as in the rest of the High Jura, with cold winters and relatively cool summers. Mouthe itself is considered to be the coldest village in France because in winter a lake of cold air often forms in the closed valley basin and temperatures of −30 ° C are not uncommon. The village is therefore also called La petite Sibérie (little Siberia). The lowest officially recognized temperature was measured on January 13, 1968 at -36.7 ° C. Allegedly on January 17, 1985 a temperature of −41.0 ° C was registered, but this value is questioned.
history
Mouthe's origins go back to 1077, when Simon von Crépy, Count of Valois, settled here and founded a hermitage. In the 12th century, the hermitage was converted into a priory that was under the control of the Saint-Claude Abbey. The monks cleared the area and laid the foundation for settlement. The place name is derived from the old French word mothe ( hill , often a fortified hill). Over time, the place name changed via Muthua , Mutua and Mote (1356) to Mouthe (since 1485).
Since the Middle Ages, Mouthe formed a dominion that included nine villages: Mouthe, Sarrageois, Gellin, Boujeons, Rondefontaine, Les Pontets, Reculfoz, Le Crouzet and Petite-Chaux. In 1639 troops of Duke Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar invaded Mouthe and destroyed the village. Many residents then emigrated to the neighboring Swiss Vallée de Joux . Together with Franche-Comté , the village came to France with the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678. In the 19th century Mouthe was a regional center, which reached its highest level in 1845 with 1164 inhabitants. The population found their income in handicrafts, especially in sawmills, wood processing, mills, tanneries and mechanical workshops. Mouthe was repeatedly hit by devastating fires, the last time in 1849, when the entire upper part of the village was destroyed. The village was connected to public transport in 1900 by a tram that ran from Pontarlier via Mouthe to Foncine-le-Haut . After the Second World War , however, their operation was stopped.
population
With 1,098 inhabitants (January 1, 2017), Mouthe is one of the smaller municipalities in the Doubs department. After the population had decreased significantly in the last third of the 19th century, the population in the first half always fluctuated around 730 people. Population growth has been recorded again since the early 1970s.
| Population development | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2016 |
| Residents | 840 | 760 | 811 | 813 | 898 | 891 | 958 | 1083 |
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Attractions
The parish church Église de l'Assomption von Mouthe was built from 1733 to 1742 in the classical style. The three-aisled church has a rich interior, including choir stalls from the 16th century, a pulpit from the 18th century and a statue of Saint Simon of Crépy (1434).
In the center of the village is the Mairie (municipal administration) in a castle-like building from 1849 with four corner towers.
One of the natural attractions of the region is the karst spring of the Doubs ( Source du Doubs ).
Economy and Infrastructure
Mouthe has always been a village characterized by agriculture, in particular dairy and livestock farming, forestry and handicrafts. Today there are also some small and medium-sized businesses, including wood processing companies, mechanical workshops and a biscuit factory. Many workers are also commuters who do their work in Switzerland. Mouthe is the seat of the community association Communauté de communes des Hauts du Doubs , location of a regional hospital and a college.
As a resort in a popular excursion area in the High Jura, Mouthe now also benefits from tourism. The community is geared towards both summer tourism (hiking, cycling, fishing) and winter tourism (alpine and Nordic skiing). The northern slopes of the Noirmont near the source of the Doubs are accessed by several ski lifts. With good snow conditions, around 65 kilometers of trails are groomed for cross-country skiing in winter.
The village is located off the major thoroughfares on the D 437 departmental road, which leads from Saint-Laurent-en-Grandvaux to Pontarlier. Further road connections exist with Remoray-Boujeons and Le Pont on Lac de Joux .
Personalities
- Fabrice Guy (* 1968), 1992 Olympic champion in Nordic combined
literature
- Le Patrimoine des Communes du Doubs. Volume 2, Flohic Editions, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-84234-087-6 , pp. 816-817.
Individual evidence
- ^ Mouthe, village le plus froid de France: explications. MétéoFrance, February 23, 2015, accessed December 24, 2016 .
- ^ Review of the tn durant la nuit du 16 au 17 janvier 1985 à Mouthe. www.localsat.net, accessed December 24, 2016 .
