Toyota Prius

Toyota Prius
Production period:	since 1997
Class :	Middle class
Body versions :	Limousine , station wagon

Lettering of the Prius

The Prius (from latin prius , first, previously ' ) is a car model of the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota , with a hybrid Synergy Drive said hybrid drive , which consists of an Otto engine and an electric drive system. The Toyota Prius was the world's first mass-produced hybrid car.

The first generation of this vehicle came on the market in Japan at the end of 1997 and was located in the compact class market segment . The larger, hatchback- designed second generation was presented at the end of 2003. Since spring 2009, the third generation of the model has been sold worldwide. Sales of the fourth generation started in Germany in February 2016.

Benchmark for efficiency, CO ₂ , nitrogen oxide and fine dust emissions

World's lowest CO ₂ emissions (new car market & road)

Every Prius generation since 1997 has lower CO ₂ emissions and consumes less than its predecessor. The fourth generation Prius emits 75 g CO ₂ / km ( NEDC driving cycle -combined) and 94 g CO ₂ / km ( WLTP driving cycle -combined), and was therefore among all new cars on the market and among all cars on the roads with hybrid -, diesel or gasoline engine and without plug-in hybrid charging option, from March 2016 to March 2020, the lowest CO ₂ emissions in both driving cycles .

With the Prius IV Facelift (2019), the measured values ​​for the NEDC-combined and WLTP-combined driving cycles for CO ₂ emissions have deteriorated slightly, but the Prius IV facelift was on the new car market with hybrid and diesel from March 2019 to March 2020 - or gasoline engine and without plug-in hybrid charging option, the lowest CO ₂ emissions in both driving cycles .

Since March 2020, the new Toyota Yaris Hybrid with 73 g CO ₂ / km ( NEDC combined ) and 97 g CO ₂ / km (WLTP combined) has been on the new car market with hybrid, diesel or gasoline engines and without plug-in Hybrid charging option, the lowest CO ₂ emissions in both driving cycles , lower than those of the Prius IV Facelift (2019).

Of all cars on the road with hybrid, diesel or gasoline engines and without plug-in hybrid charging, the new Yaris (2020) has the lowest CO ₂ / km only in the NEDC combined driving cycle with 73 g CO ₂ / km Emissions, which means that the Prius IV (2016) remains at the top worldwide with 94 g CO ₂ / km in the WLTP combined driving cycle.

Aerodynamic body shape

In order to increase the efficiency of the Prius IV, the vehicle was designed to be aerodynamic. The drag coefficient (c _w ) is 0.24. The Tesla Model S or the Hyundai Ioniq, which have been designed to be very aerodynamic, also have a c _w value of 0.24.

Efficient petrol drive

The Prius IV has a 1.8-liter gasoline engine with variable valve timing (VVT), gasoline injection and a maximum efficiency of 40 percent. This is currently the highest level of efficiency of a passenger car gasoline engine in mass production worldwide. Friction and mechanical losses have been reduced.

Worldwide popularity with taxi companies

Prius + (V) as a taxi in New York City

The Prius and Prius + have been used by numerous taxi companies for many years and have proven to be robust and durable. Taxi companies appreciate the Prius for its economical consumption in the city. Taxi of the Year is a taxi comparison test that is regularly organized by taxi heute, the independent magazine for the taxi and rental car industry and the Munich-based HUSS-VERLAG. In the SUV / Van category, the Prius + was named “Taxi of the Year 2017” as the most economical taxi model. This was justified with the combination of low consumption, even in city traffic, low maintenance costs, high reliability and good comfort. Over two days, 40 taxi operators determined the best vehicles from among 21 current taxi models from twelve brands in extensive driving and function tests in and around Fulda. The Prius + was one of the winners of the taxi competition in previous years.

In March 2020, taxi companies in Germany secured 2,300 units of the popular seven-seater Prius + for production until 2021. Many taxi drivers find alternatives such as the RAV4 Hybrid SUV too expensive, but criticize the uncomfortable entry of the new Corolla Touring Sports Hybrid at the back.

Hybrid technology

drive

Engine compartment of the Prius II

Engine section of the Prius II

→ Main article : Hybrid Synergy Drive

The combination of a gasoline engine with two electric machines and a control system based on its consumption map results in lower fuel consumption. The engine is operated in the Atkinson cycle , which means that the compression ratio is lower than the expansion ratio . This is achieved by an inlet valve that closes very late. It is kept in operating states with high load and low speed via the control electronics and is switched off for "sailing" when there is no need for propulsion. According to the factory, the standard consumption of the Prius II in the European driving cycle (NEDC) in 2004 was 4.3 liters of premium gasoline , of the Prius III of 2009 3.9 liters and of the Prius IV of 2016 3.3 liters per 100 kilometers.

The Prius came on the market as a hybrid car. Initially, the drive battery could not be charged from the power grid. Only in the more recent plug-in hybrid variants can it draw electrical energy (like other electric cars) from the power grid .

The drive battery , a nickel-metal hydride accumulator in the Prius , is charged while driving via the generator from the combustion engine and via recuperation - through energy recovery when braking and coasting . The charge status of the drive battery and the energy flow are shown to the driver on a central display. To ensure a long service life for the drive battery, it is neither fully charged nor fully discharged.

Hybrid cars like the Prius have an automatic energy management system that independently decides which engine is used when and how: When starting off and when the vehicle accelerates slightly, as well as when reversing, the Prius is driven exclusively by the electric motors if the charge level of the drive battery is sufficient . It does not use any gasoline during these phases. In stop-and-go traffic, the gasoline engine is usually started to accelerate, but is automatically switched off again as soon as the gas is removed. The combustion engine is also automatically switched off when driving downhill, braking or coasting. Only when the charge level of the battery falls below a certain minimum level is the gasoline engine no longer switched off in these phases. The "EV" (Electric Vehicle) button prevents the internal combustion engine from starting up agile. In the version without plug-in, the purely electric range with a full drive battery is a maximum of two kilometers at 50 km / h or four kilometers at 25 km / h when the petrol engine is switched off. The combustion engine can also be switched off without loss of comfort whenever it could only be operated with poor efficiency, i.e. with little or no load (idling) or downhill. Sailing - driving with the combustion engine switched off - the Prius III can go up to approx. 70 km / h, in the plug-in hybrid version up to approx. 85 km / h, the Prius IV up to 110 km / h, which is above the American speed limit of 65 mph (107 km / h).

Electronic control, auxiliary consumers

The Prius is partly drive-by-wire- controlled: the electro-hydraulic brake , the selector lever for the driving mode and the accelerator pedal operate entirely via electronic controls. There is also a hydraulic-mechanical emergency system for braking, so that it can still be braked if the vehicle's electrical system fails. All auxiliary consumers that are also required when driving with the combustion engine switched off have electric drives: an air conditioning system with variable speed, the power steering and an additional electric water pump. The Prius does not need a conventional alternator , as both electric drive motors can also function as a generator. The battery for the 12-volt on-board network is charged from the drive battery via charging electronics. The V-belt that was still present up to and including the Prius II only drove the main water pump. The Prius III no longer has belt drives.

air conditioning

The air conditioning scroll compressor is driven by a three-phase three -phase motor . It can be operated flexibly independently of the combustion engine, which increases the efficiency of the system. The oil, with which the compressor is lubricated, also flows through the motor windings of the drive motor and must therefore have a high insulation resistance . A special oil (ND11) is therefore used. The Prius air conditioning system must not be serviced with devices that process hygroscopic PAG oils ( polyalkylene glycols ). According to SAE J2843, the oil in the circuit must have a PAG contamination of less than 0.1%; 1% PAG oil leads to a decrease in the insulation resistance by a factor of around 10. The contamination of the system with PAG oil would then result in a defect in the air conditioning compressor motor.

Warranty periods

On the battery and the other components of the hybrid drive, Toyota granted a warranty of eight years or 160,000 km for the second-generation Prius. For the third generation Prius, which will be available from June 2009, five years or 100,000 km for the hybrid drive apply in Germany, but the earlier warranty conditions continue to apply in the USA .

Models

The first generation of the Prius (NHW10) was launched in Japan in late 1997. The first generation models are also known as the Prius I , while the direct successor model, the NHW20, is called the Prius II . All generations differ in the components used in hybrid technology.

Prius I (NHW10 / NHW11, 1997-2003)

1st generation
Toyota Prius (1997-2003)
Production period:	1997-2003
Body versions :	limousine
Engines:	Gasoline engine : 1.5 liters (43–53 kW) + electric motor : 30–33 kW
Length:	4315 mm
Width:	1695 mm
Height:	1475 mm
Wheelbase :	2550 mm
Empty weight :	1260 kg

In December 1997 sales of the first generation Toyota Prius began in Japan. The gasoline engine developed 43 kW (58 PS), the electric motor 30 kW (40 PS). The battery was an assembly that filled the width of the car and still consisted of conventional round battery cells. The Toyota Prius was the first mass production model with hybrid drive.

In mid-2000, a revised version of the Prius (NHW11) was introduced, which was also marketed outside of Japan.

The exterior had changed very little. For example, the trunk lid was given a tear-off edge. The output of the gasoline engine has been increased to 53 kW (72 PS), that of the electric motor to 33 kW (44 PS). The energy capacity of the nickel-metal hydride battery, which is equipped with new specially developed flat cells, has also been increased in order to improve the efficiency of the THS (Toyota Hybrid System; see Hybrid Synergy Drive ).

Rear view

The standard consumption according to the factory specification is 5.1 liters of premium gasoline per 100 km. In the USA, a flexible, synthetic bladder was integrated into the petrol tank of the Prius, which adapts to the volume of petrol. This minimizes the air inclusion in the tank and thus the evaporation of fuel that escapes during refueling. This is not necessary in Europe because the gasoline vapors do not escape here because of the gas recirculation and gas exchange system used .

Prius II (NHW20, 2003-2009)

2nd generation
Toyota Prius (2003-2009)
Production period:	2003-2009
Body versions :	Station wagon
Engines:	Otto engine : 1.5 liters (58 kW) + electric motor : 50 kW
Length:	4450 mm
Width:	1725 mm
Height:	1490 mm
Wheelbase :	2700 mm
Empty weight :	1375 kg

At the end of 2003, a new Prius appeared, which differed from its predecessors both in appearance and in technology. The headlights are pulled up further, the rear has been redesigned to a hatchback. The THS has given way to the THS-II marketed as Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD). In autumn 2005 a subtle facelift was carried out.

The Prius marketed in the USA differs in technical details from the model available in the rest of the world. This is equipped with a CHSS (English abbreviation for Coolant Heat Storage System). Before starting, the gasoline engine is warmed up by the warm cooling water held in the storage tank, which shortens the emission-rich warm-up phase. Because the gas recirculation and gas exchange system is not used in the USA , the gasoline tank is equipped with a flexible bladder like the NHW11, which minimizes evaporative emissions. The US models are equipped with drum brakes on the rear wheels, which are sufficient for the limited top speed. The European Prius can - assuming the appropriate conditions - switch to EV mode, in which the car is moved exclusively with the help of electrical energy from the NiMH battery, triggered by the user by pressing a button. The car always does this automatically when the controller deems it useful.

Rear view

The gasoline engine works with valve timing in which the inlet valves close very late and part of the mixture is returned to the intake tract . This means that the engine can run on normal premium gasoline despite a mechanical compression ratio of 13: 1. The process called Atkinson cycle increases the efficiency.

The transmission of the Prius has a power split, which means that the torques of the gasoline engine and the electric motors are superimposed over a planetary gear and distributed to the front wheels. The speed of the Otto engine is controlled purely electrically and completely steplessly with the help of the generator and the electric motors. The acceleration behavior therefore corresponds to a car with a continuously variable transmission (CVT).

During the facelift of the 2006 model year, Toyota changed the exterior of the vehicle, increased the rigidity of the body, retuned the chassis, and offered the option of a reversing camera with parking assistant. Before the Prius, the Lamborghini Espada and the second-generation Honda CRX had a horizontally split rear window .

Consumption test

The standard consumption for the Prius II is noisy factory specifications 4.3 liters of unleaded premium gasoline per 100 km distance, this has a CO ₂ emissions of 104 g / km result. In the so-called “CO ₂ marathon”, the ADAC determined a practical consumption of 5.8 l / 100 km, which means CO ₂ emissions of around 136 g / km, with which it came off best in terms of CO ₂ efficiency.

The CO ₂ emissions measured in the “Ecotest” on the ADAC test bench were 119 g / km, the consumption was 5.02 l / 100 km. Burning one liter of gasoline generates around 2,360 g of CO ₂ .

Prius III (ZVW30, 2009-2016)

3rd generation
Toyota Prius (2009-2012)
Production period:	2009-2016
Body versions :	Station wagon
Engines:	Petrol engine : 1.8 liters (73 kW) + electric motor : 60 kW
Length:	4480 mm
Width:	1745 mm
Height:	1490 mm
Wheelbase :	2700 mm
Empty weight :	1445 kg

Stars in the Euro NCAP - Crash Test

Toyota presented the third generation of the Toyota Prius in January 2009 at the North American International Auto Show . This came on May 18, 2009 on the Japanese market. As of February 2010, more than 300,000 copies had been sold in more than 60 countries. It was the top-selling vehicle in Japan in 2009.

The hybrid system was 90 percent redesigned, making it 20 percent lighter. The total weight of the vehicle, however - depending on the equipment selected - is around 70 kg more than its predecessor. Toyota justifies this with changes to the body in order to improve crash safety . Electrical and electronic components were newly developed. The voltage converter equipped with a new cooling system has become lighter and the efficiency of the power electronics has been improved.

Rear view

The newly developed four-stroke engine (type 2ZR-FXE) continues to be operated with the Atkinson cycle and now has an output of 73 kW instead of the previous 58 kW, which results in an increased system output from 82 kW to 100 kW (around 136 hp). By increasing the displacement to 1.8 liters, the speed level and thus the consumption, especially at higher speeds, were reduced. The exhaust gas heat is used to heat the engine coolant, which reduces the duration of the cold-running phase and thus fuel consumption. The engine no longer has a V-belt, and the cooling water pump is also driven electrically.

Power electronics

The MG 2 electric motor, which mainly drives the vehicle, now has an output of 60 kW instead of 50 kW and has become lighter. The torque of this electric motor was reduced from 400 to 207 Nm; however, the speed level was doubled and the electric motor was equipped with an integrated reduction gear. There are four driving modes available: purely electric, standard, eco and power.

The design was only changed moderately so that the Prius is still recognizable at first glance. The body offers the rear passengers more space by redesigning the backrests and the roof line. A modified form of the Ni-MH batteries increases the size of the trunk. The wheelbase and height of the vehicle have remained unchanged. Lower air resistance was achieved, among other things, by covering the underbody.

With the newly developed hybrid system, the average consumption in the US consumption cycle was reduced from 5.1 l / 100 km to 4.7 l / 100 km (50 MPG ) despite the increase in performance .

Consumption in the “new European driving cycle” ( NEDC ) is 3.9 l / 100 km (urban: 3.9 l; extra-urban: 3.7 l).

As an option for the Prius ZVW30 Solar - sunroof available. It enables the stationary vehicle to be ventilated in strong sunlight without the hybrid system having to be switched on.

Toyota Prius (since 2012)

In February 2010, Toyota recalled the third series of Prius models that had been built up to that point in the workshops to update the anti-lock braking system . If the brake pedal was only lightly pressed on a bumpy or slippery road surface in a speed range between 3 and 6 km / h, the control system had problems deciding between the use of the hydraulic braking system and braking energy recovery, which delayed the braking effect by up to 0.2 seconds could use. The Prius has disc brakes on all wheels, the front ones being internally ventilated. The chassis has a MacPherson front suspension and a torsion beam rear axle .

Facelift

The revised Prius was launched on April 21, 2012.

As part of the facelift, the lower air inlet at the front was enlarged, the fog lights were placed in this inlet and the rear light graphics were changed. The upper air inlet was now square. On the technical side, there were changes in the chassis and steering, the body rigidity was increased and the insulation improved.

The Prius 1.8 achieves the Euro 5 pollutant classification and emits 89 g CO ₂ / km (manufacturer information).

Prius Plug-in Hybrid (2010-2016)

Prius plug-in lithium-ion battery series version

Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid pre-production model with charging connection in front of the driver's door

Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid production model. Charging process on a German photovoltaic system (type II to type I charging cable)

The Prius plug-in hybrid (or Prius PHV ) based on the III Prius (XW30) platform, and, unlike the standard Prius with its 1,3 kWh - nickel-metal hydride battery with a 4.4 -kWh- lithium-ion accumulator to be able to recover better energy . Compared to the normal Prius III with its purely electric top speed of around 50 to 67 km / h depending on the load, the PHV's electric speed range extends up to 85 km / h. In addition, the gasoline engine, which is coupled to the drive train via a planetary gear, seamlessly supports the vehicle propulsion of the PHV up to its top speed of around 185 km / h. In the standard version of the Prius Plug-in, the side of the vehicle opposite the fuel filler flap is equipped with a charging socket for connecting a 230-volt charging cable. The usual maximum charging time (charging is possible at any 230 V domestic socket protected with at least 10 A) is a maximum of 1.5 hours. The Prius PHV can recover energy much better on long downhill trips thanks to its larger and fast-charging Li-ion accumulator battery. According to Toyota, the CO ₂ emissions of the PHV are 49 g CO ₂ / km, which means that the Prius plug-in falls into the German vehicle class for legal relief for hybrids and electric cars despite its electric range being less than 50 km. The Prius plug-in is classified as a parallel model in the Euro 5 pollutant classification .

Charging technology

The Prius plug-in charging socket (generally US type 1) is compatible with the European 400 volt type 2 electric car charging standard via a commercially available adapter cable, connection (and signal). Newer CCS or CHAdeMO DC charging stations, however, are not supported by the Prius plug-in. In contrast to this, every Prius plug-in can be fully charged in approx. 90 minutes using the supplied Toyota charging cable at standard 10-ampere household sockets.

history

At the IAA in Frankfurt in September 2009, Toyota presented the plug-in hybrid variant based on the third generation of the Prius full hybrid , the Prius plug-in hybrid . The battery capacity has been increased from 1.3 to 4.4 kWh, making the vehicle 60 kg heavier (1505 instead of 1445 kg).

In 2010, Toyota started a leasing project with over 600 vehicles worldwide, around 200 of them in Europe (of which 20 in Germany) and in a large-scale trial in Strasbourg (100 Prius plug-in hybrids, 150 charging stations). It was available on the German market from October 2012.

Prius + (since 2012)

Toyota Prius + (2012)

→ Main article : Toyota Prius +

On May 16, 2011, Toyota began selling the Prius + in Japan, a family sedan with up to 7 seats and hybrid drive, the Hybrid Synergy Drive of which is equipped with lithium-ion batteries for the first time in large-scale production . In the USA it was available from dealers under the name “Prius V” (V = Versatility) from late summer 2011. In Europe it has been sold under the name “Prius +” since June 16, 2012.

Prius c / Aqua (since 2012)

Toyota Prius c (2012)

→ Main article : Toyota Prius c

In December 2011, Toyota began selling the Aqua, a hybrid-powered compact car from the Toyota Yaris in Japan . In the USA, the vehicle was available from dealers as “Prius c” (c = city) from March 2012. The small car is not sold in Europe.

Prius IV (since 2016)

4th generation
Toyota Prius (2016)
Production period:	since 2016
Body versions :	Station wagon
Engines:	Petrol engine : 1.8 liters (72 kW) + electric motor : 53 kW
Length:	4575 mm
Width:	1760 mm
Height:	1470 mm
Wheelbase :	2700 mm
Empty weight :	1375-1400 kg

Stars in the Euro NCAP - Crash Test (2016)

Prius IV rear view (2016)

Prius IV: The pronounced wedge shape in the side view (2016)

Interior (2016)

Prius IV with optional chrome strips (2016)

Prius IV GT racing car (2016)

At the International Motor Show in September 2015, Toyota presented the fourth generation of the Prius for the first time. The price increased by € 1,300 to € 28,150 compared to the previous model.

It is the first model from Toyota, which on the new platform tnga ( T Toyota N ew G lobal A building rchitecture). With a drag coefficient (c _w ) of 0.24, the fourth generation has one of the lowest in its class. The body is 60% stiffer than that of the previous model. The system introduced on the Prius III, in which the heat from the exhaust gases is used to heat the cold engine faster, has been improved. The Prius now also got a radiator shutter, which prevents a flow of air to the radiator during the warm-up phase. The cooling of the engine has been improved by changing the course of the coolant lines. A modified intake air duct results in a better filling of the engine. Frictional losses are reduced by 20% through modified components and the use of a particularly low-viscosity lubricant. This achieves a thermal efficiency of 40% (compared to 38.5% for the Prius III).

Electrical losses could also be reduced by 20%. The dimensions, weight and efficiency of the power electronics have been improved, and the efficiency of the motor-generators has also been increased. The energy density of the battery has been increased and its weight has been reduced. It is now placed under the rear seats, which means that the trunk has a capacity of over 500 liters.

Plug-in hybrid (2017-2019)

Prius plug-in hybrid (2017)

Prius plug-in hybrid rear view (2017)

Toyota presented the plug-in hybrid version at the New York International Auto Show in spring 2016 . In electric mode, it reaches a top speed of 135 km / h, the range in electric driving mode doubles compared to its predecessor to more than 50 kilometers. The combined fuel consumption over 100 kilometers is 1.0 liter Super, which corresponds to CO ₂ emissions of 22 g / km. Like the previous plug-in model, it has a lithium-ion battery . In Germany, the vehicle, which is 10.5 centimeters longer than the normal Prius, has been on the market since spring 2017 at prices from 37,550 euros. A roof with embedded solar cells is optionally available for the plug-in hybrid.

As with the previous generation, the chassis has MacPherson front suspension and a torsion beam rear axle.

Prius IV Facelift (since model year 2019)

Prius IV Facelift (since 2019)

For the 2019 model year (from March 14th) the Prius IV received a facelift with redesigned design such as the new headlights and taillights and new technology, which was presented in Japan on December 17th, 2018. The equipment lines have been revised. There have been slight changes in the interior, for example the buttons on the seat heating are easier to reach, the wireless charging plate is larger. The color scheme of the steering wheel and gear lever have changed slightly. Volume and temperature-capacitive pushbuttons on the center console have been exchanged for rotary knobs. The changes also include two new paint finishes (Emotional Red and Aqua Breeze), new 17-inch alloy wheels and a new look for the 15-inch hubcaps.

The new version optionally has an electrically powered rear axle, resulting in an all-wheel drive called AWD-e. The rear axle is driven by an additional electric motor, which only delivers 5.3 kilowatts (7.2 hp) but high torque (supposedly 570 Nm at a gear ratio of 10.4). The rear axle drive switches on automatically when starting off. This happens in normal road conditions up to 10 km / h, on wet and icy roads between 10 and 70 km / h. The Prius AWD-e has a nickel-metal hydride battery that is specially designed for low outside temperatures. There is also still a front-wheel drive Prius, which is now equipped with a lithium-ion battery . However, the all-wheel drive version is unlikely to be available in Germany. The head-up display now also shows turn-by-turn navigation instructions .

In summer 2020, Toyota took the Prius off the market in Germany. It is still available in other markets in Europe.

Prius plug-in hybrid facelift (since model year 2019)

The version from 2017 has been slightly revised. The changes include adjustments to the scope of equipment, the multimedia system, the color palette and design elements in the interior. The interior now also offers space for five occupants. In the interior, the 2019 model year (from March 14th) can be recognized by piano-black decorative elements on the steering wheel and selector lever as well as new high-quality seat fabrics. Three new colors of pomegranate red metallic, carmine red metallic and the deep black mica metallic finish are available.

Technical specifications

Parameters	1.8 VVT-i	Plug-in hybrid
Construction period	since 02/2016	since 02/2017
length	4575 mm	4645 mm
width	1760 mm	1760 mm
height	1470 mm	1470 mm
wheelbase	2700 mm	2700 mm
Empty weight	1375-1400 kg	1530-1550 kg
Seats	5	4 (since 2017) 5 (since 2019)
Engine characteristics
Engine type	R4 petrol engine + electric motor	R4 petrol engine + 2 electric motors
Displacement	1798 cc
Max. power	72 kW (98 PS) at 5200 rpm
Max. Power electric motor	53 kW (72 PS)	53 kW (72 PS) + 23 kW (31 PS)
Overall system performance	90 kW (122 hp)
Max. Torque	142 Nm at 3600 rpm
Max. Torque electric motor	163 Nm	163 Nm + 40 Nm
Total torque system
Power transmission
Drive, as standard	Front wheel drive
Gearbox, as standard	continuously variable automatic transmission
Readings
Top speed	180 km / h	162 km / h
Acceleration, 0-100 km / h	10.8 s	11.1 s
Fuel consumption over 100 km (combined according to NEDC)	3.3 l super (pre-facelift) 3.7 l super (since facelift)	1.3 l super + 10.0 kWh
CO 2 emissions (combined according to NEDC)	75 g / km (pre-facelift) 84 g / km (since facelift)	29 g / km
Fuel consumption over 100 km (combined according to WLTP)	4.2 l super (pre-facelift) 4.6 l super (since facelift)	1.3 l super + 10.0 kWh
CO 2 emissions (combined according to WLTP)	94 g / km (pre-facelift) 104 g / km (since facelift)	29 g / km
Battery capacity	1.3 kWh	8.8 kWh
Battery voltage		351.5 volts
Electric range (EV mode)	2 km	59 km (WLTP urban areas)
EV mode top speed	48 km / h	135 km / h
Maximum charging power socket		3.3 kW AC
Charging time AC 3.6 kW 100%		2h (intelligent charging station) 3h (household socket)
Battery type	NiMH (pre-facelift) Lithium-ion (since facelift)	Lithium-ion
Battery weight	40 kg (NiMH pre-facelift) 25 kg (lithium-ion since facelift)	120 kg
Emission standard according to EU classification	Euro 6 (since 2018 Euro 6 DG)

Prius and Prius + discontinuation August 2020 (German market)

The Prius Hybrid has not been listed in the manufacturer's German online configurator since July / August 2020, and the Prius + Hybrid has also been missing since then. In neighboring EU countries such as Austria or Switzerland, both are still available in the configurator. A Toyota spokesman confirmed to the press that the hybrid version is no longer available in Germany. Toyota Germany now only honors the Prius plug-in hybrid online. Since August, Toyota has officially confirmed the discontinuation of the Prius & Prius + in Germany on the manufacturer's German homepage with the background image of the Prius and Prius + and the title “TIME TO TAKE BOWARD”. The press estimates the reason for the discontinuation of the low sales figures, as customers in Germany are increasingly opting for the models from Toyota's core range, such as the Yaris, RAV4, CH-R, Camry and Corolla, which are now also available in hybrid technology, and not opt ​​for the aerodynamically optimized Prius sedan with the eco image.

Conversions

The company A123 Systems offered an additional battery with which the purely electric range of the Prius could be increased. The manufacturer of this lithium iron phosphate battery specified a capacity of 5 kWh for this product, with a charging time of 5.5 hours and a weight of 180 pounds (approx. 82 kg).

In April 2009, SPIEGEL reported online about a Prius conversion by the Dutch company TTD with additional batteries and modified control electronics to become a plug-in hybrid . This means that the Prius can be driven fully electrically with a range of around 60 km. The conversion is aimed primarily at corporate customers.

Enginer, based in Shanghai, China, also offers conversion kits for the Prius. The prices start at US $ 1995 for the 2 kWh kit and end at US $ 5495 for the 8 kWh kit. Alternatively, the conversion kits can also be ordered and installed from the English company PluginPlanet. Prices range from £ 1695 for the 2 kWh kit to £ 4495 for the 8 kWh kit, with an estimated £ 395 for installation.

In the USA, Solar Electrical Vehicles offered a conversion kit with a solar roof for the Prius II. In good weather, the range of the vehicle could be extended by up to 30 miles per day.

Other makes of models with Toyota hybrid technology

The hybrid technology of the Prius can also be found in vehicles from other brands. First and foremost, the CT 200h from the Toyota sister brand Lexus should be mentioned, in which the drive unit of the Prius III is installed with unchanged performance data. But other manufacturers have also licensed the Hybrid Synergy Drive from Toyota and integrated it into some models in a more or less advanced form. For example, Mazda combined the HSD with its own 2-liter engine in the Mazda3 for the Japanese market in 2013.

Similar competitors

Since 2016, Hyundai has launched the Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid and Hyundai Ioniq Plug-in Hybrid, a hybrid mid-range car that is very similar to the Prius and which, with its dimensions and pronounced wedge shape, is not only very similar to the Prius in terms of appearance, but also aerodynamically.

media

Awards

• "International Engine of the Year" 2004, 2005 and 2006
• "Best New Engine" 2004
• "Best consumption" 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
• “Best 1.4 to 1.8 liter engine” 2004 and 2005
• "Winner in the ADAC Eco-Test" 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 **
  With 89 out of 90 possible points, the Toyota Prius was voted Europe's most environmentally friendly automobile by ADAC Germany for the fifth year in a row.
• For 2005, the Prius was voted Car of the Year .
• In the ratings 2004/2005 to 2011/2012 eight times in a row on one of the top two spots of the environmental car list of the VCD .
• Together with the Volvo V70 Bifuel most environmentally friendly car in the FIA EcoTest 2006.
• In April 2007, among others, the Prius was recommended by the Verkehrsclub Deutschland (VCD) as part of the purchase advice for climate-friendly cars (“Status” category).
• Twice "The car with the highest customer satisfaction" JD Power Report 2007 and 2008
• Winner of the "Green Engine of the Year Award" 2008, 2010
• Winner of the best automotive environmental innovation of 2009 "Green Steering Wheel"

CNW Dust to Dust

In a study by the US market research company CNW from 2005, which examined the so-called "social energy costs" of automobiles, the claim is made that, for example, the SUV Hummer H2 in the overall balance of "energy costs" despite the significantly higher fuel consumption far better than the Toyota Prius. This is justified by the fact that the consumption advantage of the Prius would hardly be used, as the vehicle only served as an environmentally prestigious second car next to an above-average inefficient first car and all other aspects of these vehicles would be significantly more expensive.

This result was criticized from many quarters and the credibility of the calculations was called into question, since in life cycle assessments on the subject of cars the fuel consumption usually represents a large part of the total energy consumption.

TÜV defect rate

After evaluating 3.1 million general inspections, the Toyota Prius won in 2011, as in the previous year. Of all three-year-old vehicles checked, the Prius had the lowest defect rate of 1.9%.

Registration numbers

Since the start of sales in 2001 up to and including December 2019, a total of 37,281 Prius have been newly registered in the Federal Republic of Germany. 2007 was the most successful sales year with 4,577 units. The Federal Motor Transport Authority does not include the Prius + in these statistics. Furthermore, the Prius technology has also been offered in the Toyota Auris since 2010 , where the hybrid version accounted for over 60 percent in 2017 and over 77 percent in 2018.

Source: Federal Motor Transport Authority

Others

In 2010 there was a public discussion in Cologne as to whether the Prius was too small to drive the four deputy mayors from appointment to appointment by chauffeur. After this debate caused a nationwide sensation, Cologne's Lord Mayor Jürgen Roters (SPD) decided that the Prius was not too small.

Web links

Commons : Toyota Prius  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Prius at toyota.de - description on the manufacturer's website
• PriusWiki - reference book about the Toyota Prius
• Interactive simulation - shows the interaction of the internal combustion engine (ICE), electric motor 1 generator (MG1) and electric motor 2 motor (MG2) in the planetary gear power split device (PSD)
• Demonstration video - shows the structure of the planetary power split device (PSD) and the interaction of the combustion engine (ICE), electric motor 1 generator (MG1) and electric motor 2 motor (MG2)
• Market study on the total energy balance (PDF; 9 kB)
• ADAC-Test Prius 1.8 Plug-In (from October 2011), (PDF; approx. 600 kB)

Videos

• Toyota Prius - The full hybrid technology in the new Toyota Prius, Toyota Germany, 2009 on YouTube
• Question to Toyota: Can I also charge the Toyota Prius from the socket ?, Toyota Germany, 2009 on YouTube
• The Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid - Dirk explains it, Toyota Germany, 2016 on YouTube
• The Toyota Prius - The new generation of hybrid drives, Toyota Germany, 2017 on YouTube
• The Toyota Prius Plug-in 2017 - Plug-in Hybrid Technology, Toyota Germany, 2017 on YouTube
• First generation Toyota Prius - Toyota Hybrid Pioneer, Toyota Germany, 2017 on YouTube

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Burress, Timothy A., et al. Evaluation of the 2010 Toyota Prius hybrid synergy drive system. No. ORNL / TM-2010/253. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Facility, 2011.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} The new Toyota Prius: More efficient than ever. Retrieved July 14, 2019 . 
3. ↑ The new Yaris 2020. In: https://www.toyota.de/ . 2020, accessed on August 2, 2020 . 
4. ↑ Andreas Donath: Toyota Prius is no longer sold in Germany. In: https: //www.golem.d . August 7, 2020, accessed August 8, 2020 . 
5. ↑ Ajaz Shah: The Toyota Prius disappears from the German market. In: https://energyload.eu/ . August 7, 2020, accessed August 8, 2020 . 
6. ↑ Taxi of the year 2019. In: https: //www.taxi-heute.d . May 25, 2020, accessed August 8, 2020 . 
7. ↑ Gregor Soller: Toyota Prius + is again taxi of the year. In: https://vision-mobility.de/ . May 24, 2017, accessed August 8, 2020 . 
8. ↑ Dietmar Fund: Toyota has secured 2,300 Prius + taxis. In: https://www.taxi-heute.de/ . March 7, 2020, accessed August 8, 2020 . 
9. ↑ Toyoland.com: The Second Generation Toyota Prius (2004–2009)
10. ^ Craig Van Batenburg: Hybrid A / C Repair . ToolingUp. April 1, 2009. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
11. ↑ Mike Mavrigian: Hybrid vehicle air conditioning service . Auto Service Professional. April 10, 2013. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
12. ↑ ^{a b} What hybrid warranty coverage do I have on my Toyota? (English)
13. ↑ Toyota brochure M10056, as of 01/2008 / DE, Toyota document M10056a, prices, equipment, technical details as of August 18, 2008
14. ↑ Toyota brochure M10057a, status 06/2009 / DE, Toyota document M10057a, prices, equipment technical details, status June 27, 2009
15. ↑ ADAC Motorwelt 2/2008. P. 42 ff. "CO ₂ marathon" (21,113 km, 17% urban, 32% extra-urban, 51% motorway)
16. ↑ ADAC EcoTest table ( Memento from June 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
17. ↑ dekra.de, CO2 plays a decisive role , accessed on September 9, 2019.
18. ↑ Rating in the Euro NCAP crash test
19. ^ Yuri Kageyama: Toyota rolls out new Prius amid hybrid price was. (No longer available online.) In: Huffington Post. May 18, 2009, formerly in the original ; accessed on December 31, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
20. ↑ Toyota readies for a recall over 170,000 Prius hybrids in Japan. In: The Japan Times Online. February 8, 2010, accessed February 8, 2010 . 
21. ↑ ^{a b} Toyota Prius technical data
22. ↑ ^{a b c} Prius prices and facts PDF ( Memento from July 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
23. ↑ Press release Toyota PDF ( Memento of April 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
24. ↑ N24 News: New Toyota Prius - The hybrid technology in detail ( Memento from September 6, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
25. ↑ Toyota Reveals All-New Prius  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
26. ↑ Press release Toyota: "Software update optimizes brake feel"
27. ↑ Björn Engel, Marco Dalan: Prius recall: That is behind the brake debacle at Toyota. In: welt.de . February 10, 2010, accessed October 7, 2018 . 
28. ↑ ^{a b} de.motor1.com from June 26, 2009, Toyota Prius: collector's item should get out of the eco corner , especially technical data; accessed on September 9, 2019.
29. ↑ Twist-arm suspension at kfz-tech.de, text names the year 2009 ; accessed on September 9, 2019.
30. ↑ adac.de Autotest of the Prius from September 2012, page 13 , accessed on September 5, 2018; (PDF, 989 kB)
31. ↑ http://www.bmub.bund.de/ Elektromobilitätsgesetz http://www.bmub.bund.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Download_PDF/Verkehr/emog_gesetzentwurf_bf.pdf accessed on May 1, 2015
32. ↑ spiegel.de Bundestag resolves right of way for e-cars http://www.spiegel.de/auto/aktuell/bundestag-beschliesst-elektromobilitaetsgesetz-a-1022098.html, accessed on March 6, 2015
33. ↑ ADAC-Test Prius 1.8 Plug-In October 2011, page 10, accessed on September 5, 2018, (PDF; approx. 600 kB).
34. ↑ www.grueneautos.com April 2010, practical test Strasbourg , available on September 5, 2018.
35. ↑ www.grueneautos.com of June 22, 2012, Prius Plug-in Hybrid can be ordered now, available on September 5, 2018.
36. ↑ Result of the Toyota Prius in the Euro NCAP crash test (2016)
37. ↑ Toyota unveils advanced Technologies in All new Prius Toyota News of October 13, 2015
38. ↑ The Prius is growing up. March 24, 2016, accessed July 1, 2016 . 
39. ↑ Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid 2017: range doubled. February 16, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2017 . 
40. ↑ toyota.de: Prius Plug-in Solar
41. ↑ www.elektroauto-news.net, test and driving report of the Toyota Prius Plug-In-Hybrid 1.8l Solar, especially technical data (based on the technical data sheet as of 01/2017), accessed on September 9, 2019.
42. ↑ ^{a b} Stefan Leichsenring: Toyota Prius in future also with all-wheel drive (update). In: https://de.motor1.com/ . January 18, 2019, accessed July 26, 2020 . 
43. ↑ Prius. In: https://www.priuswiki.de/ . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . 
44. ↑ Stefan Leichsenring: Toyota has discontinued the Prius: an obituary for the hybrid model. In: de.motor1.com. August 4, 2020, accessed August 4, 2020 . 
45. ↑ Toyota Germany: Toyota is redesigning the Prius plug-in hybrid. In: https://www.toyota.de/ . Retrieved July 26, 2020 . 
46. ↑ Stefan Leichsenring: Toyota has discontinued the Prius: an obituary for the hybrid model. In: https://de.motor1.com/ . Auto News Medien GmbH, August 4, 2020, accessed on August 6, 2020 . 
47. ↑ TIME TO TAKE GOODBYE. In: https://www.toyota.de/ . Toyota Germany, accessed August 8, 2020 . 
48. ↑ Toyota takes the Prius off the market in Germany. In: https://www.electrive.net/ . August 6, 2020, accessed August 8, 2020 . 
49. ↑ L5 Range Extender from A123Systems ( Memento from August 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
50. ↑ TTD website for plug-in hybrid conversion  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
51. ↑ Choked off: The electric car that nobody builds SPIEGELonline report of April 17, 2009
52. ↑ the company Enginer site
53. ↑ About Us | Prius Plugin PHEV Conversion Kit with Lithium-Ion | Hybrid plug-in. In: www.enginer.us. Retrieved January 16, 2017 . 
54. ↑ Company plugin Planet website ( Memento of 10 March 2010 at the Internet Archive )
55. ↑ focus.de from November 25, 2013, driving report Mazda 3 Hybrid, Now there is the Toyota Prius also in beautiful , inserted on December 20, 2017
56. ↑ ^{a b} International Engine of the Year ( Memento from January 7, 2012 on WebCite )
57. ↑ Auto Environment List 2011/2012 ( Memento from September 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on August 23, 2011
58. ^ "Dust To Dust" ( Memento June 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), CNW Marketing Research
59. ↑ Brendan I. Koerner, “Tank vs. Hybrid: IS IT POSSIBLE THAT A HUMMER'S BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT THAN A PRIUS IS? ” , Slate magazine , March 18, 2008
60. ↑ "Lobster vs. Prius Redux " , Pacific Institute , March 2008
61. ↑ Pablo Päster, “Time To Get A New Car?” ( Memento from July 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), July 16, 2007
62. ↑ "Environmental certificate Mercedes-Benz C-Class"  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Daimler AG  
63. ↑ TÜV report 2012
64. ↑ tagesspiegel.de from September 11, 2019, A Prius named Auris accessed on September 10, 2019.
65. ↑ sueddeutsche.de of May 17, 2010 , accessed on September 10, 2019.
66. ↑ Vehicle too small: Cologne's mayors don't want an eco-Prius In: koeln.de , January 15, 2010.
67. ↑ Clean Prius too small ?: Company car debate divided Cologne In: Rheinische Post .
68. ↑ Company car posse: Roters enforces the Prius In: express.de , accessed on October 10, 2018.
69. ↑ Toyota hands over three Prius to the city of Cologne In: auto.de , accessed on October 10, 2018.