Berwinkel (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the von Berwinkel family in Siebmacher's book of arms

Berwinkel , also known as Bärwinkel , was an ancient noble ministerial and knight dynasty that was first mentioned in 1181 . The widely scattered fiefs and free goods of the family were in the area of ​​the Halberstadt diocese and the Magdeburg archbishopric , where they owned the half-court east of the Ohre , between Neuhaldensleben and Calvörde . The sex died out in the male line at the end of the 15th century.

origin

The von Berwinkel, one of the oldest and most respected ministerial families of the Halberstadt Monastery, belonged to the large clan, which also included the von Wolfenbüttel , Counts of Peine , von der Asseburg , von Bartensleben , von Apenburg and von Winterfeld . The ancestor of all these Lower Saxon families was Widekind von Wolfenbüttel (1090 and 1118 urk. Erw.) And they all had the same or similar coats of arms with the wolf. This created a large tribal and coat of arms community, which supposedly belonged to up to 20 families. The Berwinkel and Bartensleben, with their completely identical coats of arms, were particularly closely connected by the farms that they owned in Helmstedt from time immemorial , also by marrying into the von Veltheim , von Honlage and von Ditfurth families . The ancestral home of the Berwinkel family, where it was last mentioned in 1360, was the village of Berwinkel on the Großer Fallstein north of Osterwieck , which had become desolate around 1400 , was built around 800 and first mentioned in 1262 as the church village of Berewinkele .

The place name Berwinkel or Bärwinkel could mean Waldwinkel because of the location of the village. In Köbler's Old Saxon dictionary , the word “ bere ” is referred to as a tree, forest or grove, the word “ winkil ” as an angle or corner. The place name researchers Udolph and Flöer suspect an old word for forest in the first part of the name, so the place name Bärwinkel should be understood as "Waldwinkel".

Popular first names in the family were Gunzelin / Güntzel / Günzel (nickname of Gunther) and Borchard / Burchard or nickname Busso. Both first names were so common that it is often difficult to distinguish between father and son or cousin and nephew.

history

Ascent

Document dated April 20, 1181; first mention of the family with Iso de Berwinkele
Seal Borchard von Berwinkel
Fiefdom letter from those of Berwinkel

The family was first mentioned on April 20, 1181 with the Hildesheim Ministeriale Iso de Berwinkele , when he and Burchardus & Widekindus de Wolferbutle witnessed a donation from Bishop Adelog von Hildesheim to the Riechenberg monastery .

Milites Guncelinus de Berewinkele was in 1220 one of the vassals of rich free noblemen of Meinersen and had as its fiefdom 1½ hooves and two mills in Seggerde and when after fief a clearing in Schwanefeld (to 1270 family-owned). Gunzelin testified for Countess Adelheid von Ratzeburg when she transferredsome of her goods to the Hamersleben monastery in 1224. From his free goods ( mansi liberi ) Gunzelin soldfive hoovesin Berklingen in 1247to the Mariental monastery , documented and sealed under royal spell on the Grafending zu Denstorf by Count Gebhard von Wernigerode and nine free lay judges . Gunzelin was married to Luitgard von Veltheim, daughter of Bertram II von Veltheim (mentioned from 1188; † 1225), Ministerial and Princely Councilor of Count Palatine Heinrich .

Guncelinus et Burchardus de Berewinkele are 1253 feudal people of the Bishop of Halberstadt . In 1257, Günzel certified as episcopal ministerial in a purchase contract between the diocese and the archbishop of Magdeburg . On July 13, 1264, Günzel and Burchard were witnesses when Bishop Volrad assigned five Hufen to the brothers of the Teutonic Order in Lucklum . In 1266 Burchard gave the Wöltingerode monastery a hoof in Berwinkel. Burchard was last mentioned in 1268 when he donated a forest near Schermcke to the Meyendorf monastery . Around 1260 Günzel acquired the knight's castle in Alvensleben as an episcopal fief, one of the three castles on the hill above the village and market of Alvensleben; Bishop's castle, margrave castle and knight's castle, which was also the protective castle of the bishop's castle. Under the occupation, with castle captain and Burgmannen from the knighthood, 1301-1321 Burchard and 1363-1395 Busso von Berwinkel be mentioned. Other castellanus on one of the castles were the knights: Güntzel II. (1321), Bernhard (1354), Georg (1417), Georg and Hildebrand (1446/1466), Güntzel and Hüner (1477). The knight's castle, two other castle fiefs or tower courtyards with ten free hooves in Alvensleben and many now desolate villages, larger and smaller estates in other places, belonged to the family until the end of the 15th century.

Günzel was last mentioned in 1276, as an arbitrator in a dispute between the Quedlinburg monastery and Jacob von Quenstedt . Günzel's son Gevehardus de Berewinkel was enfeoffed in Goslar around 1267 with 1½ Hufen and a curia of Count Ulrich II. And Albrecht I von Regenstein , a count's town courtyard, located on the Berewinkelesstrate mentioned in 1324 , and Gebhard also owned an estate with 4 Hufen in Wegersleben .

Heyday

Gebhard's brother Borchardus miles de Berwinkele , mentioned from 1281, certified 1291 together with his nephew of the same name, the knight Borchardi de Berwinkele junioris . He used a seal with the wolf and the sheaves with the inscription: S 'BORCHARDI · IVNIORI · DE · B'WINKEL ; like on June 23, 1295 when he sold the tithe of Arslem to the Stötterlingenburg monastery . On June 25, 1295, Ritter Burchard gave the city of Goslar to expand the infirmary, the Vogtei over a hoof in the field of Schlanstedt . The foundation also had a double building ( infirmary ) and the chapel of St. Pankratius ( ecclesia S. Pancratii ). On December 13, 1297, Burchard and his brother Burchard II sold 5½ hooves in Peseckendorf to the Mariental monastery. At the beginning of the 14th century, Burchard was the canon of St. Simon and Judas in the imperial palace of Goslar and vice- archdeacon of Dardesheim . Between 1284 and 1303 the von Berwinkel were sellers, donors and witnesses in documents of the Ilsenburg monastery , by Burchard the Elder. J. exchanged goods with them in 1292 in Rottmersleben and stamps for goods in Hullingerode, or when he sold two farms with 4½ hooves in the village of Berwinkel on July 2, 1303 for 109½ silver marks to them. In 1302 Burchard was a witness when the bishop's prisoner, Johann von Alvensleben, had to surrender possessions to be released.

Ritter Burchard had three siblings, the noblemen Gunzelin and Burchard II, as well as Ermegard, who was married to the Halberstadt Ministeriale and Burgmann zu Wegeleben Bertold von Ditfurth. Burchard, his sons Gunzelin, Burchard and Johann, his brothers and their three sons, received the Halberstadt monastery fiefdoms in Osterwieck, Rhoden , Bühne , Marbeck, Stötterlingen , Aderstedt , Berklingen, Gunsleben , Sargstedt and Ausleben , which were their free property, in 1302 , at the same time fiefs in Rottmersleben, Lemsell and Wüstemark. At the same time, Burchard and Count Heinrich von Blankenburg gave the monastery two hooves in Nettorp and one hoof in Nieder-Runstedt. On August 15, 1303, Burchard was a witness for Margrave Hermann von Brandenburg when he transferred two hooves to the Arendsee Monastery in Pinnow. In 1308, as a mediator, Burchard settled a dispute between the Mariental monastery and Erich von Esbeck . Last mentioned as Borchardus miles de Berewinkele senior , he left 1 Hufe in Marbeck to the Walkenried monastery in 1309 . Burchard d. J. later d. Ä. was the most successful of his line, as Halberstädter Ministeriale, with handsomely acquired allodial and fiefdom property, he was politically influential with good relations with feudal lords, bishoprics, ore monasteries, monasteries and the nobility.

His son Borchardo de Berewinkele iunioris , mentioned from 1301, is the first witness in 1310 as Count Heinrich von Schladen 1 Hufe sold to the Stötterlingenburg monastery. Its seal had the inscription: + S 'BORCHARDI MILITIS DE BERWINKELE . Together with his brother Gunzelin, he was listed in the Halberstadt fiefdom register in 1311 in the following locations: Berwinkel, Osterbeck, Osterwieck, Bühne, Hoppenstedt , Schermcke, Nortrode, Westerrode, Hedeper , Eilenstedt , Gröningen , Danstedt , Bulingerode, Ikenrode, Lindede, Arksem and Rimbele. Burchard and two other knights, on July 25, 1317, promise three opposing knights a temporary peace. Count Otto von Lutterberg confirmed by his seal. 1320 pledged Bishop Albrecht von Halberstadt Gunzelin and Burchard for 260 silver marks the tenth to break a look , to the monastery Walkenried one year cashed the village later. Burchard's seal is missing from the certificate, his seal keeper the pastor at Berwinkel was in captivity! On June 29, 1321, the castle captain Konrad I von Meinersen, Burchard von Berwinkel, Friedrich von Esbeck and two miners sold half their share in Alvensleben Castle with all rights and accessories to the Archbishop of Magdeburg for 1,000 Stendaler Silbermarks.

Burchard's third son Johannes (Hans † 1356) at the Berwinkel headquarters, transferred a number of goods from Rottmersleben and Wüstemark to Bishop Hermann von Halberstadt in 1302 and received them back as a fief in 1311. In 1311 it is listed in the Halberstadt fiefdom register in the following places: Osterwieck, Berwinkel, Rhoden, Westermarke, Peseckendorf, Nortrode, Leueselle and Redelingerode. In the Easter week of 1312, Johann sold his Sülzrente (Lehngut) in Lüneburg to von Doren. His son, called Jan or Henning, was mentioned in a document in 1356 as a monk ( waiter ) of the Kolbatz monastery . After the death of John's widow, Bishop Ludwig donated two Hufen to the Waterler Monastery in Berwinkel in 1359 and enfeoffed the rest to the von der Gowische family in 1360.

Hildesheim cathedral side chapels, donations of Gunzelin von Berwinkel

Guncelinus de Berwinkele the Elder was from 1292 canon in Liebfrauen zu Halberstadt and from 1302 notary of Bishop Hermann, from 1307 Canon of Hildesheim and notary of bishops Heinrich and Otto . Its seal had the inscription: + S 'GVNCELINI · DE · BERWINKEL . From the estate of the cathedral chapter he received seven hooves in front of the village of Essem . Gunzelin d. Ä. Donated the Gothic side chapel of St. Elisabeth on the south side of Hildesheim Cathedral in 1320 and the St. Vinzenz chapel in 1323 , in which the bishop set up six special masses ( sex missas ) in honor of the founder and the chapel three Hufen with three houses at Nettlingen gave. His nephew Gunzelin the Younger was also Hildesheim canon (1319-1332) and archdeacon of Eldagsen . His seal was inscribed : + SIGEL GVNTER DE BE [..] UUINKEL , used in 1324 on a document from Bishop Otto with the Wülfinghausen monastery . Gunzelin d. Ä. († 1323) and his nephew announced that after their death, their curia in Hildesheim and two Lathufen in Barfelde should revert to the bishop with the serfs .

From 1271 to 1336 several family members in documents of the monastery are Huysburg as witnesses or seller mentioned how on December 5, 1323, when the brothers Gunzelin and Burchard the monastery three yards with three hooves in Deersheim sold it receives from Duke Otto of Brunswick to Had fiefs. On November 20, 1338, Burchard was a witness as Adelheid von Werre relinquished her fiefdoms of the Quedlinburg monastery. Bishop Albrecht II von Halberstadt calls on the city council of Goslar to punish its citizen Overbeck for robbing the squire Gunzel von Berwinkel (around 1331). The same Guncelinus de Berwinkel was arrested (imprisoned) in the old town of Braunschweig in 1337 .

Bertrammus et Fredericus de Berewinkele are mentioned on June 27, 1337 as monks of the Mariental monastery. Bertram as early as 1312 in a document from the Marienberg monastery . Friedrich was fortified in the old town of Braunschweig in 1351, according to the fortification book he is said to have participated in a crime (robbery?) Within a larger group between Abbenrode and Bornum ( "quia rapuerunt pannos et alia bona eorum inter Abenrode et Bornum" ).

Busse van Berwinkele , Burgmann, enfeoffed on and off Alvensleben in 1363, owned fiefdoms in Groß- and Klein-Rottmersleben, Groppendorf , Sixdorf and Bornstedt with other Burgmanns from 1371 . In 1398 they were wealthy in the village and market of Alvensleben, Neuhaldensleben , Uhrsleben , Bornstedt, Eichenbarleben , Groß Rodensleben , Bodendorf , Drackenstedt and Hundisburg . When Archbishop Albrecht pledged his Groß-Salze castle for 508 marks in 1393 , Busso was one of the trustees . In 1395 Busso bequeathed half of the tithe to West-Ingersleben to the Marienborn monastery . In 1396 the Archbishop pledged Burg and Dorf Schermcke for 200 marks to Busso (family property until 1489) and on October 28, 1399 to von Berwinkel for 400 Braunschweig silver marks, Alvensleben Castle and all its accessories.

On June 15, 1404, Busso's sons Hans, Hildebrand and Heinrich von Berwinkel, as guardians for the children Jürgen and Hüner of their late brother Hüner, with widow Helene and daughter Ideke, sold half of the archbishop's fiefdom of Meseberg to the Hillersleben monastery . In 1408, Hans and Heinrich von Berwinkel compare themselves with the UL women monastery in Halberstadt about the tithe on Andersleben .

Huysburg Abbey and Röderhof with a large fish pond. Northern view, copper engraving around 1800

Jasper Edler von Berwinkel was the 25th abbot (1398–1423) of the Benedictine monastery Huysburg and, during his tenure, led the monastery out of mismanagement, moral decline and financial hardships, increased the property considerably and had a large fish pond built on the Röderhof monastery . Pope Alexander III had already given the Huysburg abbots the right to wear pontificals ( miter, etc.) in 1180 . The abbots used portrait seals, throne seals, and later also holy seals. On October 6, 1400, Abbot Jasper bought a curia from the cathedral chapter of Halberstadt with two adjacent houses in the Ratsvogtei. A monastery fief of the squire Johann von Dorstadt, who received 46 silver marks as a replacement from the cathedral chapter. Bishop Ernst confirmed the purchase and freed the Abtshof and the two houses from all Vogteilasten. In addition, Abbot Jasper had the oldest surviving copy of the monastery laid out in 1403 . Through his notarius publicus Sparenberg, he had all documents, agreements and events from the foundation to his time described and transsumed. With the death of the last female hermit in 1411, the women's community on the Huysburg ended under Abbot Jaspar. He redeemed the Anderbecker tithe transferred to the Liebfrauenstift in Halberstadt in 1411 and in 1417 bought the Kemnadenhof in Eilenstedt with 5 free Hufen land. But what the monks particularly liked was a feast that he had prepared for them every year on Corpus Christi. In the chronicle of the Council of Constance (1414-1418) Jasper's name is not mentioned in the list of abbots' participants. However, its representatives took part in the first provincial chapter of the Benedictine province Mainz-Bamberg in the Petershausen monastery during the council in 1417 . Abbot Jasper von Berwinkel died in 1425.

At the end of 1415, the cloth merchant Matthias Hadeber (executed on July 23, 1425), one of the later leaders of the Halberstadt class (1423–1425), was for some time the prisoner of Hinrik van Berwinkel because of a private dispute with the landed gentry . In an open letter dated October 22, 1415, Heinrich informed the city council of Halberstadt that he had been taken prisoner, spoke of honor and infidelity and presumably felt himself betrayed by Hadeber. The Hadeber family asked the city council of Braunschweig for help and Heinrich released his prisoner after a mounted and armed servant from the council's stables had brought him a feud .

On Whitsun Tuesday 1416, Hinrich von berewinkel and his helpers seized the farmers of Schleuß and took 43 horses from them, estimated at 90 shock Bohemian groschen. Heinrich's son Georg and nephew Jürgen also took part in this so-called damage *, as did countless other nobles and helpers from Magdeburg. Jürgen and six helpers plundered Lindstedt first and then two farmers in the monastery village of Cheine in 1418 (damage 23 shock); After all, Jürgen then gave the farmers an ox back “as a landmark”. In the same year Jürgen and Helfer attacked the monastery villages of Börgitz , Staats and Volgfelde and stole horses and sheep. The gang was able to bring the horses to safety in Dönstedt , but some of the sheep were hunted away by the united farmers of the villages. But the robber baron Heise von Steinfurt and his people, who lived at Alvensleben Castle (pledged property) and enfeoffed 20 villages, were particularly bad at it. He feuded Brandenburg , raided and plundered ceaselessly far into the Altmark , so that Elector Friedrich, together with Wilhelm von Braunschweig, besieged the castle with 8,000 men in 1420. Heise fled to Magdeburg through a secret passage in the castle. Through mediators, an amicable agreement was finally reached and the princes withdrew again. (* May 24th, 1420: complaint and damage calculation of the margrave Friedrich von Brandenburg against the archbishop Günther von Magdeburg because of the damage to the land by the archbishop and his subscribers since 1412. - the complaint of the margrave and the reply of the archbishop are on almost 100 pages presented in writing!).

Gunzelin von Berwinkel was dean and canon of Halberstadt from 1409 to 1423 . He was last mentioned in 1423 when he sold his Halberstadt monastery courtyard at the Tränketor to a vicar for 50 marks . Jutta von Bärenwinkel is mentioned in 1416 as the abbess of the St. Gertrudis monastery in Hedersleben . The family owned Bartensleben Castle for a few years until 1420 , a fiefdom in Andersleben in 1429 ( Knappe Luthard von Berwinkel ), in 1446 a castle courtyard and a residential courtyard with six free hooves, as well as five interest hooves and four interest yards in Wolmirstedt .

Jürgen von Berwinkel, temporarily Aftervasall of Alvensleben, sold the village Mildehovede with all its accessories to Neuendorf Monastery for 50 Rhenish guilders on July 20, 1438 . A clause also required the “de de Mildehouede sik bruken” to provide a dagger and a pair of spurs every year . In 1446 Jürgen sold the Junkerhof in Wolmirstedt to the von Angern family and a year later he gave the church in Wolmirstedt the so-called Glockenwiese. On March 27, 1448 Jürgen joined the alliance, which Archbishop Friedrich of Magdeburg, the bishops of Halberstadt and Hildesheim, the cities of Goslar, Quedlinburg and Aschersleben decided on for 20 years. In 1452 Jürgen and his cousin Hildebrand compared with Ludolph and Heine von Alvensleben about the field of Hermsleben and about the construction of a new pond in Lübberitz . The fields in the Feldmark went to von Alvensleben, the larger part, the forest and meadow used as hunting grounds, went to von Berwinkel.

Seal Hildebrand von Berwinkel

The cousins ​​Georg and Hildebrand von Berwinkel bequeathed a 500 acre field in the Tundersleber Mark to the Mariental monastery in 1442 for their salvation. The historian von Klöden wrote about Georg: “ ... who led a pretty funny life. “Georg is said to have been buried in the church of Tundersleben after his death in 1469 . Hildebrand's seal had the Gothic minuscule inscription: S 'hildebran ( di ) van berwinke ( l ). Hildebrand von Berwinkel died in 1476.

The von Berwinkel family owned the village of Bartensleben as an archbishop's fief until 1467 and from 1446 in the half-court * the desert Dorst and shares in Uthmöden and Zobbenitz (* the half-court was a controversial area that was claimed by the Archbishopric of Magdeburg and the House of Braunschweig ). In addition, they were in 1446 by Archbishop Friedrich a . a. enfeoffed , with “1 borgk and 2 borglehne uff dem huse zu Alvensleben” , a property in Wegersleben, a wood in Pozmesdorf, the villages of Hüsing, Grassendorf, Zerlitz, Klinke and Groß- u. Klein-Hermsleben on the border of the half-court. In 1458 Guntzel and Huner van Berwinkel received a fief from Halberstadt Monastery . a. four hooves in Volkmarsdorf, 24 hooves in Ellersdorf, the tithe in Sixdorf, Klein-Emden and Klinke; this fiefdom was renewed together with her cousin Burchard in 1480, additionally with two farms in Klein-Rottmersleben and the tithe in Honstedt (until 1491). Güntzel and Hüner were again enfeoffed in 1477 by Archbishop Ernst u. a. with the villages of Hüsing, Zerlitz, Grassendorf and Dorst with all accessories.

In the course of the 15th century, the Schenk von Flechtingen resold his family and manor Dönstedt to the von Berwinkel zu Alvensleben family. The property remained in the hands of the Berwinkel family until Jacob Schenk von Flechtingen bought it back with all its accessories in 1500.

When under the rule of Archbishop Johann (1464–1475) robber barons , feuds and petty wars of the country's aristocrats increased, he attacked to restore order and took prisoners, confiscated castles and estates or imposed heavy penalties. Among the many culprits, Bartensleben, Schulenburg , Alvensleben zu Calvörde and above all Veltheim at Harbke Castle were hit, but Güntzel and Hüner von Berwinkel were particularly hard hit. On April 11, 1470, they had to cede their estates in Wolmirstedt, Barleben , Meitzendorf , Ebendorf , Jersleben , the desert Odenburg , located behind Lindhorst , with the desert villages Odenburg, Mildehovede, Schmerfeld and Hermsleben, as punishment, to Archbishop Johann on April 11, 1470 they had committed street robberies.

Keep of the bishop's castle in Alvensleben ( Bebertal ).

Decline

On September 4, 1473, Hildebrand and son Burchard von Berwinkel sold the village of Dorst to Busso von der Schulenburg, but got it back as a fief in 1477 until Dorst finally went to Schulenburg in 1481. On March 19, 1479, the village of Zerlitz was sold ( according to tradition, for a boot full of money ) to the town of Neuhaldensleben, around the same time the nearby Grassendorf was sold to the von Sandersleben patrician family , and in 1480 an estate and castle loan from Alvensleben with three knight's hooves to those of Hordorf. Georg von Berwinkel's sons Güntzel and Hüner sold the tithe in Meseberg, an after-fief of Count Günther von Mühlingen-Barby , on February 27, 1480 for 400 Rhenish guilders to Fritz IV von der Schulenburg. When Güntzel and Hüner sold their half-tithe in Nordgermersleben in 1486 to the Schulenburg brothers, the formerly wealthy family only had a small part of their possessions. There are no reliable statements about the many sales in the historical sources. Allegedly they had to sell their properties due to their lavish and extravagant lifestyle. According to legend, the residents of Alvensleben, in memory of the many festivals with dance and music, gave their castle the name Musikenburg, because "the sound of the trumpets, horns and cymbals almost never stops with the sound of the beakers and the swirl of the dances inside" . Güntzel and Hüner were last enfeoffed with the castle in 1477, after their death the castle was abandoned and fell into disrepair until 1500. Today only the field name Musikenbreite reminds of them.

"The knight's castle - there knights whirled down in the state room - here the goblets rang with wine -
 The castle and the knights in the grave are destroyed - the winds scatter their ashes. "

The family died out with the brothers Güntzel and Hüner († 1487) and their cousin Burchard († 1492), who were last enfeoffed by Archbishop Ernst in 1477 and 1481. 1481 u. a. with courtyards in Osterwieck, Hoppenstedt, Stötterlingen, Emmeringen and Anderbeck , as well as two vacant tower courtyards with five Hufen, six Worthen and ten feudal hooves in the village of Alvensleben (probably from 1487 a tower courtyard became a widow's seat; After her death, the remaining Berwinkel property in Alvensleben went to the Lords of Veltheim. The remaining property in Magdeburg went to Archbishop Ernst, the half court (Magdeburg part) went to the Alvensleben office, which in 1497 gave it to Dietrich von Beventer for 3,000 Rheinische florin for 12 years, the Brunswick part went to von Alvensleben (Calfördische Linie) . Gut Dönstedt probably remained a widow's seat until 1500, and in 1504 there was also a free estate Berwinkel within the town of Hornburg .

The following family from the 17th century was assigned by some historians to the von Berwinkel family. But without proof, it can only have been a new, independent Brandenburg officer family, raised to the nobility at that time.

The Brandenburg Colonel Hermann von Bärwinkel, who recruited troops for the Great Elector in Herford and Lübeck in 1655 and fought with them in Prussia and Poland *, was shot in a duel on August 4, 1662 by the Brandenburg Colonel Joseph von Katzler zu Rheda in Westphalia Widow, a daughter who was married to Colonel von Ohr, and leaving behind a son. This was a cornet ; with him the male family died out (* Infantry - Bärwinkel Regiment , Brandenburg-Prussian Army , Foundation 1645, formation March 1656 near Driesen with 8 companies ).

coat of arms

The coat of arms is facing Kneschke in red a white wolf jumping over two golden sheaves . In addition, helmet , helmet covers and crest ornament with a bush made of heron feathers. Siebmacher's coat of arms book shows the coat of arms in black and white without a crest - he writes about the coat of arms: "A wolf resting over two sheaves of corn placed next to each other". On the other hand, Count von Bocholtz-Asseburg sees the wolf, in his various heraldic positions, always in an imminent, intended attack or threatening leap. For the first time, the imperial court trustee Gunzelin von Wolfenbüttel (around 1170–1255) used the wolf over two sheaves in his coat of arms, according to Hucker , the grain sheaf stands for his office as a chief executive who was responsible for the imperial table. The meaning of the coat of arms image (wolf over sheaves) could perhaps also have its origin in the memory of the rye wolf , "as a being of the Germanic giant legend".

Bottom left: the temporary peace certificate from 1317 with Borchardus de Berwinkele . Furthermore, the manuscript book "Hildesemensia Varia" with Guncelini de Berwinkele Senioris on two pages from 1320. Then one page of the famous Oldenburg illuminated manuscript * of the Sachsenspiegel from 1336, in which the Counts of Wernigerode as representatives of the fourth army shield with their trout coat of arms and the gentlemen von Berwinkel are shown as a representative of the fifth army shield with their wolf coat of arms (* the lost original of the illuminated manuscripts of the Sachsenspiegel, the most important legal book of the German Middle Ages, was probably created at the end of the 13th century in the Ilsenburg monastery, to which the Counts of Wernigerode and the lords von Berwinkel had close contact). To the right of this is the letter from 1415 about the capture of Matthias von Hadeber, the family tree, the map of the former district court around Calvörde and the map of the village of Berwinkel.

  • Certificate of Peace 1317

  • Manuscript book 1320

  • Illuminated manuscript 1336

  • Captured in 1415 Matthias von Hadeber

  • Family tree

  • Former half court

  • Map of the village of Berwinkel

See also

Web links

Commons : Berwinkel (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German legal dictionary (DRW): half court = court, whose sovereignty and income belongs to someone half [1]
  2. ↑ Leopold von Ledebur : Adelslexicon der Prussischen Monarchy , Volume 1, Berlin 1855, page 37 (Bärwinkel) [2]
  3. ↑ Otto Titan von Hefner : Register of the blooming and dead nobility in Germany , Volume 1, Regensburg 1860, pages 60 and 111 [3]
  4. ^ J. Graf von Bocholtz-Asseburg (ed.): Asseburger Urkundenbuch , Volume 1 to 1300, Hanover 1876, foreword on page VI, section on pages 2-4 [4]
  5. ↑ Ludwig Gustav von Winterfeld -Damerow: History of the family of Winterfeld , self-published 1858, Volume 1, pp. 72–73 u. a. [5]
  6. ^ Märkische Forschungen , Association for the History of the Mark Brandenburg, Third Volume, Berlin 1847, pages 324–338 ( The group with the Wolfe and the sheaves ) [6]
  7. ↑ The two families Bartensleben and Berwinkel were at least closely related or at least identical. H. that this could have been two different branches of a single sex (Peter Przybilla: Die Edelherren von Meinersen , page 455). This is how a Ludolph von Bartensleben is said to have also called himself von Berwinkel ( history of the von Winterfeld family , volume 1, page 361).
  8. ^ The extinct Guelph noble family of Honlage ( Hondelage ) was first mentioned at the beginning of the 13th century. They were probably the builders of Weferlingen Castle , which they lost in 1486 through a dispute (raids by Lorenz von Honlage) with the Walbeck monastery . The family was last mentioned in 1498 with Lorenz and Hans von Honlage.
  9. ↑
    Altfur village of Berwinkel
    The church village Berwinkel (founded around 800, desolate around 1400) was located on the southern foothills of the Großer Fallstein (field name Barwinkel), north of Osterwieck , near the Bismarck tower on the Kirchberg. At the beginning of the 20th century a farmer found the remains of a wall in the old corridor of the village, but the later archaeological investigations remained inconclusive. The field mark or old field of the village (approx. 3.5–4.5 km²) reached in the south to the edge of the Ilseniederung to the city limits of Osterwieck, in the east and west to the borders of the villages Walwy and Westerbeck, which had also become desolate.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Meibeyer : Article in: Harz-Zeitschrift, 57th year 2005, Harzverein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , Lukas Verlag Berlin, pages 14-18
  11. ↑ Gerhard Köbler : Old Saxon Dictionary , 5th edition, 2014 [7]
  12. ↑ Jürgen Udolph : Place names around Halberstadt - witnesses of history . In: History and Culture of the Diocese of Halberstadt 804–1648, A. Siebrecht Halberstadt 2006, page 81 [8]
  13. ↑ As early as 1178, an Isoi was named as a witness in a document from Bishop Adelog ; the first name Isoi and Iso are similar and are very rare, so this witness could have been Iso von Berwinkel ( UB of the Hochstift Hildesheim until 1221 , Urk 383 page 365).
  14. ↑ K. Janicke (Ed.): Document book of the Hochstift Hildesheim and its bishops , first part until 1221, Verlag Hirzel Leipzig 1896, Urk 401, page 390/91 [9]
  15. ↑
    Seal of those of Meinersen
    The noble lords of Meinersen were one of the most important and influential families of the 12th to 14th centuries in the northern Harz anteroom and were extremely wealthy. Their possessions comprised around 920 Hufen of land from 1147-1366, in more than 263 localities, for the most part lent to members of 175 families. They owned seven castles or had shares in them, 15½ forests (including 2 "royal forests"), 13½ villages, 77 farms, 82 farms, 14 cottages, 19½ mills, 10 farms, 110 tithes, 15 bailiwicks, 8 church bailiffs, 12 patronages, 4 fisheries, salt rights and much more. In a feudal property alone, the number of 50 servants was named. The actual number of all subservient people is not known, however, as they are rarely mentioned in the sources as accessories to yards and hooves, and when they are generally mentioned without any number.
  16. ↑ Peter Przybilla: Die Edelherren von Meinersen , ed .: Uwe Ohainski and Gerhard Streich, Hahnsche Buchhandlung Hannover 2007, pages 531, 532 and 552
  17. ↑ Georg Lisch : About the Countess Adelheid von Ratzeburg . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology 1855, Volume 20, Pages 228-231 - see also Stephan Kunze: History of the Augustinian Monastery Hamersleben , 1835, Pages 10-11 (error: Ravensberg instead of Ratzeburg) [10]
  18. ^ Christian Ludwig Scheidt : Historical and diplomatic news from the high and low nobility in Germany - Mantissa Documentorum , Hanover 1754, page 452
  19. ↑ The knight's castle was built at the beginning of the 13th century by Gebhard I von Alvensleben to protect the bishop's castle. It is said to have been on the hill of the castle complex opposite the bishop's castle. However, this could not be confirmed by archaeological investigations so that the location of this castle is unclear (www.familie-von-alvensleben.de [11] ).
  20. ↑ The Margraves of Brandenburg enfeoffed the noblemen of Meinersen with half of the bishop's castle from 1271 to 1321. Luthard III was the castle captain until 1278. von Meinersen, after his death his sons Luthard V and Konrad I von Meinersen. From 1293 to 1321 people from the following ten families are known as Burgmannen ( castellani ): von Alvensleben, von Berwinkel, von Bornstedt, von Dönstedt, von Dreileben, von Eichenbarleben, von Eilsleben, von Esbeck, von Steinfurt and von Wellen.
  21. ↑
    Medieval tower courtyard
    In the Middle Ages, the village and market of Alvensleben were fortified below the castle hill. The former tower courtyards were located within the wall ring along the Beber . The noble castle men who inherited this free castle fiefdom had the privilege to have a tower, usually in a square shape, protruding over the other buildings for safety and honor. With the three castles on the hill in the background and the six tower courtyards in the Bebertal, the traveler was offered a special view back then, and reminded more of an Italian than a German village.
  22. ↑ Peter Wilhelm Behrends : Neuhaldenslebische Kreis-Chronik or Geschichte aller Oerter des… , 1826, Volume 2, Page 187 u. a. [12]
  23. ↑ Gottfried Christian Voigt: History of the Quedlinburg Abbey , Leipzig 1787, 2nd volume, page 4 [13]
  24. ↑ Document book of the city of Goslar and the spiritual foundations there / edit. by Georg Bode , second part 1251-1300, Halle 1896, Urk 137, page 196 [14]
  25. ^ Karl Frölich: Article in: Zeitschrift des Harz-Verein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 61st year 1928, pages 155–156
  26. ↑ The documents of the Stötterlingenburg monastery / edit. by Karl von Schmidt-Phiseldeck , Halle 1874, Urk 29, page 26 [15]
  27. ↑ Stadtarchiv Goslar, 1295 Findbuch 4 - see also document book of the city of Goslar / edit. by Georg Bode , second part 1251–1300, Halle 1896, Urk 486, page 484 [16]
  28. ↑ Theodor von Ditfurth: History of the family of Ditfurth , 1st part Regesten and Urkunden, Quedlinburg 1889, Urk 141, page 63 [17]
  29. ^ Eduard Crusius: History of the formerly imperial free imperial city of Goslar , Verlag Sorge Osterode 1842, page 132
  30. ↑ Rudolf Meier: The cathedral chapters of Goslar and Halberstadt in their personal composition in the Middle Ages , Göttingen 1967, page 148
  31. ^ Document book of the Ilsenburg monastery in the county of Wernigerode / edit. by Eduard Jacobs , 1st volume 1003–1460, Halle 1875, Urk 177, pages 155–156. [18] In the 2nd volume of 1877 (1461–1597) page 508, the Berwinkel monastery property near Osterwieck is described in detail with summer / winter fields and fallow land. [19]
  32. ↑ Julius Müller, GA Mülverstedt : Codex Diplomaticus Alvenslebianus , Volume 1 to 1412, Magdeburg 1879, Urk 268, page 140
  33. ↑
    Halberstadt with Martinikirche, cathedral and Liebfrauenkirche
    Gustav Schmidt (Hrsg.): Document book of the Hochstift Halberstadt and its bishops , second part, Verlag Hirzel Leipzig 1884, Urk 1725 page 610 (Ermegard = Irmgard) [20]
  34. ↑ Document book of the Walkenried monastery / edit. by Josef Dolle and Walter Baumann, Volume 2 from 1301 to 1500, Hanover 2008, Urk 705
  35. ^ Lutz Fenske: Ministeriality and nobility in the domain of the bishops of Halberstadt . In: Herrschaft und Stand , (Ed.) Josef Fleckenstein , Göttingen 1977, page 180/188
  36. ↑ Hermann Dürre : Regesten der Graf von Schladen . In: Journal of the Harz Association for History and Archeology, 23rd year 1890, Urk 139, page 280
  37. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis , collection of documents, chronicles ..., first main part, XVII. Volume (A) 1859, pages 447 and 451
  38. ^ Collection of Lower Saxony cultural heritage: Documents from the Duderstadt city ​​archive (spelling mistake: Burwinkele instead of Berwinkele) [21]
  39. ↑ Albert Reinecke: History of the Free Imperial Rule Looking, one of the very smallest areas in the old German Empire , Osterwieck 1889, page 6
  40. ^ Journal of the historical association for Lower Saxony , year 1860, volume 4, page 412
  41. ↑ Proven pastors ( pleban ) at Berwinkel were: Johann von Dreileben (until 1303), Guncelinus (mentioned in 1312) and Ermbrecht (mentioned in 1334)
  42. ↑ Peter Przybilla: Die Edelherren von Meinersen , ed .: Uwe Ohanski and Gerhard Streich, Hahnsche Buchhandlung Hannover 2007, Konrad I. (Urk. 1270-1327) pages 107-114
  43. ^ Karl Friedrich von Klöden : Diplomatic history of the Margrave of Brandenburg , second part from 1295-1323, Berlin 1844, page 417 [22]
  44. ^ Document book of the city of Lüneburg , part 1 to 1369 / edit. by Dr. WF Volger, Hanover 1872, Urk 272, page 160 [23]
  45. ↑ Digital Library Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; Baltic Studies , 8th century, issue 1/2, 1840/42, page 236 (538)
  46. ↑ Urkundenbuch the monastery Waterler in: Geschichtsquellen the province of Saxony and adjacent areas, 15 band hall in 1882, Urk 116 Page 300
  47. ^ Albert Barth: Article in: Journal of the Harz Association for History and Antiquity, 33rd year 1900, 2nd issue, page 412
  48. ^ Richard Doebner (Ed.): Document book of the city of Hildesheim from 966-1346 , Hildesheim 1881, Urk 755 page 416 [24]
  49. ↑ Lower Saxony State Archives, NLA Hanover: Document book of the Wülfinghausen monastery , Hildesheim February 29, 1324 [25]
  50. ^ Academy of Sciences in Göttingen - Germania Sacra : NF 46, The Hildesheim Bishops from 1221 to 1398 (Gunzelin von Berwinkel) [26]
  51. ^ German students in Bologna (1289–1562) - Biographical Index to the Acta nationis Germanicae Universitatis Bononiensis , edit. by Gustav C. Knod 1899, page 41/42 [27]
  52. ↑ Friedrich Ludwig von Medem , article in: Neue Mittheilungen from the field of historical-antiquarian research, Halle, 4th volume, 1st part 1839 (I. Huysburg) pages 45-46
  53. ^ Ludwig Franz Hoefer: Selection of the oldest documents in the German language , 1835, page 328 (Adelheid, wife of Bernhard von Werre) [28]
  54. ↑ Document book of the city of Goslar and the spiritual foundations there / edit. by Georg Bode , Part Four 1336–1365, Halle 1905, Urk 165, page 116 [29]
  55. ↑ Ludwig Hänselmann , H. Mack (ed.): Document book of the city of Braunschweig , Braunschweig 1905, 3rd volume, 2nd department, page 392 [30]
  56. ↑ Stephan Alexander Würdtwein : Nova subsida diplomatica ad selecta juris Ecclesiastici Germaniae , Volume 6, 1785, pages 130-132
  57. ↑ Thomas Vogtherr: Article in: Yearbook of the Braunschweigischen Geschichtsverein , Volume 65, 1984, pages 20 and 30
  58. ↑ Julius Müller, GA von Mülverstedt: Codex Diplomaticus Alvenslebianus , Volume 1 to 1412, Magdeburg 1879, page 625
  59. ^ Document book of the city of Magdeburg / edit. by Dr. Gustav Hertel , first volume, Verlag Hendel Halle 1892, Urk 717 page 440 [31]
  60. ↑ Georg Schmidt : The family of Veltheim , Halle 1912, page 18 [32]
  61. ^ Julius Müller, GA von Mülverstedt: Codex Diplomaticus Alvenslebianus , Volume 1 to 1412, Magdeburg 1879, Urk 1020, page 589
  62. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis , collection of documents, chronicles ... , first main part, XXII. Volume 1862, pages 460-461
  63. ↑ Preussisch-Brandenburgische Miszellen , 1804, Volume 2, Pages 302-304
  64. ↑ Beatrice Marnetté-Kühl: Medieval seals of the Marienberg and Mariental document funds , Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein 2006, pp. 173–175
  65. ↑ Document book of the city of Halberstadt , Volume 1, / edit. by Dr. Gustav Schmidt, Halle 1878, Urk 675 page 560, Urk 676 page 562 [33]
  66. ↑
    Huysburg
    Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt ,     Department Magdeburg: Cop., No. 753 "Copiarium monasterii Huysburg 1174–1471" , 93 sheets (up to sheets 80, 82b and 85 written by one hand)
  67. ^ Theodor Eckart: History of the Huysburg Monastery near Halberstadt , Franke Leipzig 1905, page 20 [34]
  68. ^ Ulrich von Richental - Concilium zu Costencz - Augsburg: Anton Sorg, September 2, 1483 [35]
  69. ↑ Abbot John III. Kern von St. Georgen and the Council of Constance - by Michael Buhlmann, PDF file page 4 [36]
  70. ↑ Document book of the city of Halberstadt , Volume 2, / edit. by Dr. Gustav Schmidt, Halle 1879, Urk 752, page 52 [37]
  71. ^ Otto Korn: Contributions to the history of the Cistercian nunnery Neuendorf in the Altmark . In: Yearbook of the Historical Commission for Saxony-Anhalt Volume 5, Magdeburg 1929, pp. 148–150
  72. ^ Karl Friedrich von Klöden (ed.): The Mark Brandenburg under Emperor Karl IV. , Part Four, Berlin 1837, pp. 351–369
  73. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis , collection of documents, chronicles ... , second main part, III. Volume 1846, pages 342 and 347
  74. ↑ Gustav Schmidt (Ed.): Document book of the Halberstadt monastery and its bishops , fourth part, Verlag Hirzel Leipzig 1889, document 3419, pages 621/22 [38]
  75. ^ Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt, Department Magdeburg: Cop., No. 752 "Copiarium monasterii Hedersleben 1253–1649" , 2nd sheet 1416
  76. ↑ Ralf Lusiardi, Andreas Ranft (ed.): Document book of the Halberstadt Monastery and its bishops , Part 5 (1426–1513), Böhlau Verlag 2015, Urk 3479, page 60
  77. ↑ Georg Schmidt: The Bismarck family , 1st volume, Berlin 1908, pages 387 and 388 [39]
  78. ↑ Philipp Wilhelm Gercken : Diplomataria Veteris Marchiae Brandenburgensis , Volume 2, Salzwedel 1767, Pages 110-111
  79. ^ Museum-digital: saxony-Anhalt - object: Junkerhof (Wolmirstedt) [40]
  80. ↑ Historical sources of the province of Saxony, Volume 2: Document book of the city of Quedlinburg , 1. Dept. Halle 1873, Urk 392, pages 389–397 [41]
  81. ^ Johann Friedrich Danneil (Ed.): Annual report of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History ... , 1846, Volume 9, Pages 52 and 58
  82. ^ Karl Friedrich von Klöden (Ed.): The Mark Brandenburg under Emperor Karl IV. , Part Four, Berlin 1837, page 355
  83. ↑ Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt, Abt. Magdeburg: Cop., No. 36 "Clean copy of the Lehn-Registratur-Buch under Archbishop Friedrich zu Magdeburg 1445-1464" , page 88
  84. ^ Gustav Hertel : Die Wüstungen im Nordthüringgau , Halle 1899, register: Berwinkel, page 504 [42]
  85. ^ Peter Wilhelm Behrends : Neuhaldenslebische Kreis-Chronik or Geschichte aller Oerter des ... , 1826, Volume 2, Pages 135-136
  86. ^ Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt : Pagus Neletici Et Nudzici or Description of the Saalekreis , Part 1, Hall 1755, Chapter 4, Page 160 § 6 No. 1470 [43]
  87. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Hoffmann: History of the City of Magdeburg , first volume, Magdeburg 1845, page 411 [44]
  88. ^ Johann Friedrich Danneil: The von der Schulenburg , Volume 1, Salzwedel 1847, Page 569 and 578/79 [45]
  89. ↑ Local history of the Neuhaldensleben district, article by Cantor Franz Bock from Emden, Neuhaldensleben 1920, pages 118 and 227
  90. ^ Heinrich Ferdinand Mannstein : Upper and Lower Saxon Adelslexicon , First Issue, Dresden and Leipzig 1843, page 81 [46]
  91. ^ Samuel Walther : Singularia Magdeburgica, or oddities from the Magdeburg history , 1738, Volume 8, Cap. IV, pages 210-224
  92. ^ GA von Mülverstedt: Article in: Zeitschrift des Harz-Verein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 3rd year 1870, 3rd issue, page 706
  93. ↑ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : New Prussian Adels Lexicon or genealogical and diplomatic news , 1st volume A – D, Leipzig 1836, page 183
  94. ^ Anton Balthasar König : Biographical Lexicon of All Heroes and Military Persons , Berlin 1789, Second Part G – L, page 260 (Joseph von Katzler) [47]
  95. ^ New patriotic archive of the Kingdom of Hanover and the Duchy of Braunschweig , Volume 1, Lüneburg 1828, XIV. Section, Page 15/16 (Capitain von Ohr † 1685) [48]
  96. ↑ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New General German Adels Lexicon , Volume 1, Leipzig 1859, page 173 [49]
  97. ↑
    Rye wolf? on coat of arms Bartensleben
    Julius Mebes : Contributions to the history of the Brandenburg-Prussian state and army , Volume 2, Berlin 1867, page 20 (Barwinkel'sches Regiment) [50]
  98. ↑ Johann Siebmacher ’s large and general book of arms , 6th volume, section 5: “The dead nobility of the province and Mark Brandenburg” / edit. by GA von Mülverstedt, Nuremberg 1880, register page 10, coat of arms plate 5 [51]
  99. ^ Wilhelm Mannhardt : Roggenwolf und Roggenhund , Contribution to Germanic Sittenkunde, Danzig 1865 [52] / Die Korndämonen , Berlin 1868 [53]
  100. ↑ J. Graf von Bocholtz-Asseburg (ed.): Asseburger Urkundenbuch , Volume 1 to 1300, Hanover 1876, page 334/335 [54]
  101. ↑ Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, manuscript database, Hildesemensia Varia: Cod.Guelf. 83.30 Aug.fol. Heinemann no. 2864
  102. ^ Eike von Repgow : Sachsenspiegel , Rastede 1336 - State Library Oldenburg digital 2012 [55]
  103. ↑ Dieter Pötschke: Ilsenburg Monastery, History, Architecture, Library , Harz Research Volume 19, 2004, pp. 142–182