Tomislavgrad

Tomislavgrad Томиславград
Basic data
State :	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity :	Federation of BiH
Canton :	10
Coordinates :	43 ° 43 '  N , 17 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 42 '49 "  N , 17 ° 13' 36"  E
Height :	900  m. i. J.
Area :	967.4  km²
Residents :	33,032 (2013)
Population density :	34 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code :	+387 (0) 34
Postal code :	80240
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Structure :	26 local communities
Mayor :	Ivan Vukadin ( HDZ BiH )
Postal address :	Ulica Mijata Tomića 108 80240 Tomislavgrad
Website :	www.tomislavgrad.gov.ba
Others
Patron saint :	Sv. Nikola Tavelic
City Festival :	8th of July

Tomislavgrad ( Cyrillic  Томиславград ; up to 1925 Županjac / Жупањац, from 1945 to 1990 Duvno / Дувно; German outdated Dalen ) is a town and municipality of the same name in Bosnia and Herzegovina with around 33,000 inhabitants. The predominantly Croatian community is located in the northwest of Herzegovina and belongs to Canton 10 of the Federation . The main town of the municipality is the city of Tomislavgrad.

The municipality borders on the municipalities of Posušje (south), Livno (northwest), Kupres (north), Prozor (northeast) and Jablanica (east) as well as the small town Imotski in the Republic of Croatia (west).

The 970 km² large municipal area is largely located in the Duvanjsko Polje plateau and also includes the Šuičko Polje plateaus in the north and Roško Polje in the southwest.

Geographical location

Duvanjsko polje with Tomislavgrad in the background

View of Tomislavgrad

Tomislavgrad is located in the Duvanjsko polje plateau at an altitude of 840 to 900 m. The city is surrounded by mountains: the Pločno ( 2228  m. I. Y. Year ), the Veliki Vran ( 2207  m. Y. Y. ) And other mountains such as Ljubuša , Tušnica and Mali Vran , which are at least 1700 m high. In the winter months it can in rare cases get cold down to −25 ° C, in summer temperatures over 40 ° C are possible.

There are two notable lakes: Buško jezero and Blidinjsko jezero . Buško jezero is an artificial lake that was created by a dam on the border with Croatia. The Šuica flows into the lake . The second lake, Blidinje, is 1250 meters above sea level and is a glacial lake that usually freezes over in winter and often dries out in midsummer. Tomislavgrad is located in the north of the 300 square kilometer Duvanjsko Polje plain . The plain is karst . After heavy rains, the water does not stay on the surface, but flows away quickly into crevices ; for this reason there is often drought in the summer months. In spring, when the masses of snow melt on the surrounding mountains and flow underground into the valley, the entire plain is regularly flooded.

Localities of the Tomislavgrad municipality

In addition to the town itself, the municipality of Tomislavgrad also includes the following localities: Baljci, Blažuj, Bogdašić, Borčani, Bukova Gora, Bukovica, Cebara, Crvenice, Ćavarov Stan, Dobrići, Donji Brišnik , Eminovo Selo, Galečić, Gornja Prisika, Gornji Brišnik , Jošanica, Kazaginac, Kolo, Kongora, Korita, Kovači, Krnjin, Kuk, Letka, Lipa, Liskovača, Lug, Mandino Selo, Mesihovina, Mijakovo Polje, Miljacka, Mokronoge, Mrkodol, Omerovići, Omolje, Podgajani ., Pačari, , Prisoje, Radoši, Rašćani, Rašeljke, Raško Polje , Renići, Rošnjače, Sarajlije, Seonica, Srđani, Stepen, Stipanići, Šuica, Tubolja, Vedašić, Vinica , Vojkovići, Vranjače, Zaljutće,. Zaljiće

history

Isolated finds indicate that the high valley of Duvno was already settled in prehistoric times. The first historically guaranteed residents, however, are the Delmats , an Illyrian tribe, who lived from 158 BC. Until his final prostration in 118 BC. BC by consul Caecilius Mettelus was repeatedly at war with the Romans and his Illyrian allies. It is controversial whether the Delmats were actually a single tribe. Possibly it was also a network of several Illyrian tribes living between the Neretva and Krka rivers .

The Illyrian Delminium

Several Roman sources speak of a city Delminium (also Delminus), the capital of the Delmaten. According to the Greek historian Appian of Alexandria, the tribe was first named Delmatenses and later Dalmatii after this city. The assumption is that the later name of the region Dalmatia (Latin Dalmatia) developed from this very name.

To the sources

Contemporary sources on the historical delminium are few and far between. The only known sources are the descriptions of the "Dalmatian campaign" at Appian of Alexandria and Sextus Julius Frontinus . Of Appian's works, only his book on the Roman civil wars has survived in its entirety. His description of the Illyrian Wars (originally only part of his work on the Macedonian Wars) is, however, one of the works that have largely outlasted time. For his part, Sextus Julius Frontinus reports in his work “Strategemata” about the siege of the city of Delminium by Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum .

Meaning of the name Delminium

The Roman sources do not comment on the original meaning of the name Delminium. However, it is assumed that this is a Romanized form of the Illyrian words D'lmno (pasture) or Delma , which means sheep in Albanian. The name Dumno (instead of the later Duvno ) for the city of Tomislavgrad and its surroundings, which was still in use in the Middle Ages, suggest such an interpretation.

Delminium at the time of the Dalmatian campaign from 156 to 155 BC Chr.

After the Delmats had repeatedly carried out raids against Roman allies (including the Liburnians ) and mediation attempts had been repeatedly rejected by the Roman Senate, the Senate commissioned the consul Gaius Marcius Figulus in 156 BC. With the implementation of a campaign. Figulus landed near ancient Narona . Despite initial defeats, he managed to push back the Delmaten towards the end of autumn, so that they holed up in their main town of Delminium.

A first siege failed because, according to the Appian of Alexandria, due to its powerful fortifications and its favorable location on a mountain, the city could neither be stormed nor dragged by the siege equipment carried along. Figulus went on to plunder the surrounding, largely defenseless Delmatic villages in the hope of being able to lure the defenders out of Delminium. After this plan failed, he decided to besiege Delminium again. The city was shot at with incendiary arrows and ballistae, which largely destroyed it. However, this time too it was not possible to take the city.

A year later, the consul Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum, using the same tactics that Figulus had used a year earlier, succeeded in luring the defenders out of Delminium and finally conquering the city.

Location of the Illyrian Delminium

The historical sources also do not provide any precise information about the location of the historic delminium. Both Appian and Sextus Julius Frontinus describe the city as strongly fortified and lying on a mountain, below which a road runs. Today's city of Tomislavgrad is located at the foot of a mountain. It is proven that at the time of the Romans there was a crossroads of two important trade routes from Dalmatia to the inner Pannonia. However, it cannot be assumed that today's Tomislavgrad stands on the ruins of the ancient delminium.

One theory suggests that Delminium was located on Mount Libu between the present-day villages of Kongora and Borčani. This theory is supported by the central location of this place in the middle of the high valley as well as the assumed course of the Roman trade route (Appian mentions that Figulus could not attack from “the road”). Henri Cons, on the other hand, in his work La province romaine de dalmatie , published in 1888, located Delminium on Mount Gardun near the present-day Croatian town of Trilj and thus outside the current municipal boundaries of Tomislavgrad. This also seems possible, not least because Trilj is located directly on the border between the Republic of Croatia and the Bosnian-Herzegovinian municipality of Tomislavgrad.

The location of an Illyrian sanctuary between the villages of Mandino Selo and Rašćani is certain.

The Roman delminium

After the conquest of Delminium in 155 BC. BC and the suppression of the Illyrian revolt in 9 AD, a phase of increasing Roman colonization and assimilation began. It is well known that there was a Roman colony of the same name near the old Delminium, but its geographical location has not been conclusively clarified either. What is certain is that there was a Roman settlement and the Roman way station Bistue Vetus in the area of ​​today's city of Tomislavgrad . Their remains were discovered when the Franciscan monastery was being built at the end of the 19th century.

In addition, the remains of a Roman sanctuary were found below today's Karaula city ​​cemetery .

City name

The name of the place was changed several times. In Roman times it was called Delminium, derived from the Illyrian word D'lmno ("willow"), or Delma ("sheep"). At the time of the Croatian and Bosnian rulers it was called Županjac (due to the parish residence (Croat. Župa ) Duvno); during the Turkish rule Županj-potok; during the Austro-Hungarian period Županjac ; from 1925 to 1945 Tomislavgrad; from 1945 to 1990 Duvno and finally Tomislavgrad again. The first Croatian king Tomislav was crowned in the city in 925 . For the 1000th anniversary in 1925, the town of Županjac was given the name Tomislavgrad .

population

Tomislavgrad Municipality has about 33,000 inhabitants, the vast majority of whom are Croatians. The proportion of Bosniaks is around ten percent and that of Serbs two percent.

	Population structure		percent
	1997	1991	1997	1991
Croatians	24,165	25,976	87.88	86.56
Bosniaks	2,500	3,148	9.09	10.49
Serbs	0	576	0.00	1.92
Others	833	309	3.03	1.03
total	27,498	30.009	100	100

Others

Wolves , snakes , bears , deer and wild boars , among others , live in the mountains around the city .

Personalities

• Stjepan Čuiċ (* 1945), President of the Croatian Writers' Union
• Dževad Karahasan (* 1953), writer and dramaturge
• Ivić Pašalić (* 1960), politician
• Jozo Radoš (* 1956), politician
• Dražen Kutleša (* 1968), Catholic Archbishop
• Vlado Šola (* 1968), handball goalkeeper
• Pavlica Steko (* 1974), kickboxing world champion
• Matej Mamić (* 1975), basketball coach
• Mladen Steko (* 1976), kickboxing world champion
• Ivan Krstanović (* 1983), football player
• Emir Dilaver (* 1991), football player

Web links

• Tomislavgrad Municipality (Croatian)
• The profile of the Tomislavgrad municipality . (PDF; 6.6 MB) Tomislavgrad Municipality (German)
• TGRAD.NET Portal (Croatian)
• Tomislavcity (Croatian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ A detailed description of the Illyrian / Delmatic wars can be found in M. Zaninovic, among others: The Illyrian tribe of the Delmaten
2. ↑ So: Henri Cons: La province romaine de Dalmatie . Montpellier 1888.
3. ↑ Appian of Alexandria, The Illyrian Wars, § 11 Figulus Dalmatian campaign.
4. ↑ livius.org
5. ↑ penelope.uchicago.edu
6. ↑ For the description of the genesis of the name see: Homepage of the city of Tomislavgrad ( Memento of July 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) and Henri Cons: La province romaine de Dalmatie . Montpellier 1888.
7. ↑ The description of the first siege of Delminium in 156 BC. Chr. Refers to: Appian of Alexandria, The Illyrian Wars, §11 Figulus Dalmatian campaign.
8. ^ Sextus Julius Frontinus: Strategemata Book III, Section VI
9. ↑ Iz povijesti Tomislavgrada i duvanjskog kraja ( Memento of March 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
10. ↑ franjevci.info ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
11. ↑ The information in this section relates to the records of the local Franciscan order, here ( memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. visible. 
12. ↑ Report on the return of refugees ( memento from June 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Federal Government Commissioner for Refugee Return, Reintegration and Reconstruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The figures for 1991 refer to the results of the 1991 census, according to UNHCR Population Figures 1997. The data for 1997 are based on data from Tomislavgrad Municipality, December 1997.