Herm (Landes)
| Herm | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Country | |
| Arrondissement | Dax | |
| Canton | Dax-1 | |
| Community association | Grand Dax | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 48 ′ N , 1 ° 9 ′ W | |
| height | 20-84 m | |
| surface | 52.08 km 2 | |
| Residents | 1,129 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 22 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 40990 | |
| INSEE code | 40123 | |
 Sainte-Madeleine church |
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Herm is a French town with 1,129 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Landes department in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine . The place is in Marensin, a coastal region of the Landes.
The inhabitants are called Hermois (es).
geography
Herm is located in the Forêt des Landes , the largest contiguous forest area in Western Europe, mainly covered with pine trees . The place lies in the middle of the triangle that the places Magescq (southwest), Castets (northeast) and Dax (southeast) form.
Herm is touched on the western edge of the village by the small, but heavily water-carrying Saunus stream, which has its source in the Sourdat district and continues to Magescq, where it drives a flour mill. From here on he bears the name Magescq.
The town is well connected via the A63 motorway ( Bordeaux - Biarritz ) ( AS Magescq). The nearest train station is in Dax, from where you can reach Paris in 4 hours , the nearest airport is in Biarritz . The place is crossed by four streets that connect it with Dax, Magescq, Castets and Gourbera.
history
About the origin of the city name can be read in a brochure of the tourist information of the municipality that it was from the old Gr. Word eremos , which means hermit . This suggests that there was originally a hermitage here, around which the village developed.
Other sources attribute the name to the Latin word heremus , which means stopping point or resting place. A former president of the Borda Society shared this opinion in his book on the Landes and their people.
The first written mention of the name appeared on January 16, 1407 in a deed of donation from the community, between other fiefs , to a knight named Jean de Tiptost, treasurer of the palace of the King of England and Senechall von Lannes, by his wife Jeanne Philippa,
In 1428, after the death of the pastor of Herm, Jean de Mauvoisin, the church and parish came into the care of the Divielle abbey . Divielle is now a ruined monastery in the southern French municipality of Goos in Landes, about 10 km east of Dax. The abbey was abandoned in 1932 by its last inhabitants, the Trappists . Nearby, the friars built a barn for the abbey (French: grange ), which gave its name to the land name Lagrange , which still exists today . So here in the southeast of today's market town was the original church of Herm.
The map by the French cartographer Cassini , published in 1791, showed a straight, dotted line parallel to the road from Castets to Dax (today's D 947). That could only be an earlier street from Gallo-Roman times. In fact, a road has been found connecting the Roman coastal road in the Mixe area with Dax, with a junction created after the city was founded. Old notarial records speak of a " Roman path " (old French: camin roumiou ) that led past Herm. The route connection is also interesting in part because it leads through an area that bears the field name " Jacquelous ", which refers to the Camino de Santiago .
In the 18th century there were two families who determined what was going on in Herm and the surrounding area: The Hosseleyre family, first mentioned in the municipality around the middle of the 17th century with the royal notary Jean-Placide Hosseleyre and his son Pierre, who was the last Liege in Herm was. And the Desbiey family from Dèze (an area near Magescq with a mill that belonged to the family and where they lived for a long time), descended from Jean Desbiey, who settled in Herm in 1670 as a miller. His son Pierre, a blacksmith, married the daughter of the notary Hosseleyre in 1719. His grandson Pierre, who lived from 1748 to 1821, became a notary and public prosecutor for tax law for Magescq and Castets. His son François-Xavier, a surgeon and clerk from Castets, settled in Magescq and became mayor there. A list dated November 29, 1802 of the six hundred largest taxpayers in the department lists four names from Herm: Pierre Hosseleyre, Pierre and François-Xavier Desbiey and Jean Lacoste.
The small castle of the Coyola family still stands on the "Rue Coyola", which leads to Dax. It was built by Louis Coyola, president of the Landes Chamber of Agriculture from 1930 to 1950. He was the brother of Antoine Coyola, the last mayor of the family. Louis Coyola became the first president of USH ( L'Union Sportif Hermoise - Herm's sports club).
On June 13 and 14, 1949, there was a devastating forest fire, caused by a pick-up truck that was powered by a wood gas engine and drove on the Castets-Dax road. Affected by unfavorable winds, over 800 hectares of pine forest were destroyed. A distillery that stored 30,000 liters of gasoline was spared.
Culture and sights
- Pictures of the church
Sainte-Madeleine church with a war memorial
Church interior
Nave
Church window
- The center of the place and the most important attraction is the Sainte-Madeleine church at the crossroads of the main traffic routes. It is of Romanesque origin and was rebuilt in 1863. In 1975 it was renovated.
- Rugby stadium; here plays Pachy d'Herm , a successful rugby club for women (rugby à XV)
- The place also has several of the houses in the Landes style, which are also richly decorated with flowers, which earned the place the distinction with three flowers as one of the flower- decorated places in France (villes et villages fleuri) .
Club life
- L'Union Sportive Hermoise ( L'USH - Sportverein Herm). As in the whole of southwest France, rugby also plays a major role in club life in Herm and is the most important sporting discipline in the club. Before 1920, only places with a certain importance had sports clubs. In Herm, rugby games were sometimes organized on the occasion of village festivals or public holidays, but especially at carnival. In 1921 the first club Cercle sportif hermois (Friends of Sports in Herm) was founded. It was started under the direction of the baker Ernest Quillacq, but that was not yet official. The design of this still young team was completed in the following years by Fernand Darreuyre from Mimbaste, a nearby village. He was married in Herm. While USH was officially founded on May 20, 1923, the first rugby match was held on April 8, 1922. The shirt color of the players gave them the name Les bleues (the blues). Mayor Antoine Coyola donated a piece of land on which the municipal stadium could be built.
- From 1930 to 1935 the club had two other teams: cross-country running and basketball . Cross-country running was very suitable for training rugby players. Two athletes from this period in particular deserve a mention: Jean Lartigue from Castets, who became a remarkable runner, and above all Gérard Barrère, who was multiple champion of the département over 1500 m. Selected as a runner for the Jean Bouin Stadium in Paris , he also ran with Roger Rochard . Georges Lafaurie, also an excellent runner, brought the Trophy Challenge Joseph Lacoste to Herm after three consecutive victories from 1927 to 1929 .
- The club also had a shooting department. Shooting competitions took place especially on holidays. Furthermore, L'USH had a cycling team with some of the then well-known greats.
- The club life was interrupted several times as elsewhere in the years 1939-1940, from 1948 to 1952 and from 1963 to 1970. From 1963, less rugby was played, but more basketball. In 1983 other disciplines were added: tennis and pétanque .
- The women's rugby squad was founded in September 1990 . It is called Les Pachys d'Herm (The Pachyderms from Herm). To this day, this team is very successful in France. Several players belong to the French national rugby team. In 1999 this team spun off from L'USH and founded its own club. Since 1996, however, a second women's rugby team had been formed and a rugby school was launched.
- La Société Musicale Hermoise (Herm Music Association). On January 24, 1926, the "Musical Society" was founded. The association's statutes provided for "making music and organizing concerts together". In 1952 the statutes were extended to include the requirement to train music students. It was now a public education society. A photo from those times shows a group of a little over 30 men, mostly older men, flanked by a young woman and the pastor. In the foreground a large number of instruments for the classical village march music with "timpani and trumpets".
economy
- POLYPLAST, a former company manufacturing boats from polyester . The company was founded in 1963 as an offshoot of a boat factory from Bordeaux by Lucien Lanaverre, who had spent part of his childhood here. In 1977 the company was closed. The successors went bankrupt in 1983. Lanaverre boats are still on sale today.
Personalities
- Gérard Barthe (1913–1988), last pastor of Herm, previously from Lüe (small town between Mimizan and Labouheyre). He died withdrawn in a retirement home in Buglose
- Louis Coyola
- Michel Noyer (1900–1975), teacher and headmistress and for many years deputy mayor of Herm
- Bernard Coussau (1917–1998): son of a small grocer from Herm. After being a prisoner of war , he opened a small restaurant in Herm in 1947, but then moved to Magescq, where he opened his next restaurant in 1955. He achieved fame during his 20 years of activity with a party service. He bought a mansion and converted it into a hotel and luxury restaurant. The Relais de la Poste opened in 1972. Today, the establishment, which has been awarded a Michelin star , is managed by his son Jean Coussau. He is one of the Maîtres cuisiniers de France .
Individual evidence
- ↑ HERM, La mémoire d'un village (brochure on the history of the place), 2000, Tourist Information Office of the municipality
- ↑ Joseph-Eugène Dufourcet: Les Landes et les Landais. Histoire et archeology depuis les temps primitifs jusqu'à la fin de l'occupation anglaise. Hazael Labèque, Dax 1891.
