Capbreton
| Capbreton | ||
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Country | |
| Arrondissement | Dax | |
| Canton | Pays Tyrossais | |
| Community association | Maremne Adour Côte Sud | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 39 ′ N , 1 ° 26 ′ W | |
| height | 0-51 m | |
| surface | 21.75 km 2 | |
| Residents | 8,769 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 403 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 40130 | |
| INSEE code | 40065 | |
| Website | www.capbreton.fr | |
 Capbreton Town Hall |
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Capbreton is a French municipality with 8769 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Landes department in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the Arrondissement of Dax and the canton of Pays Tyrossais (until 2015: canton of Saint-Vincent-de-Tyrosse ).
The name in the Gascognischen language is Capberton . Its origin is controversial.
The inhabitants are called Capbretonnais and Capbretonnaises .
The name of the place is pronounced "Cabreton" [kabʀətɔ̃]. The "P" is mute.
geography
Capbreton is located about 30 km southwest of Dax in the historic province of Gascogne directly on the Atlantic coast .
Capbreton is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Soorts-Hossegor | Greetings | |
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Bénesse-Maremne | |
| Labenne |
Capbreton is irrigated by the coastal rivers Ruisseau le Boudigau and Ruisseau le Bouret, which flow into the ocean in the municipality.
In 2017, the municipality confirmed the “Two Flowers” award given by the Conseil national des villes et villages fleuris (CNVVF) as part of the annual competition for cities and towns adorned with flowers.
climate
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Capbreton
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The climate in Capbreton is warm and temperate. The highest temperatures are measured in August, the driest month is July. Higher rainfall is recorded in the autumn and winter months.
history
The fortunes of Capbreton are only known from the 12th century. The first houses were in the Bouret district. The Knights Templar owned a house and a chapel here in the 13th century , which was dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene , as well as a hospital to care for the poor and pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela who arrived in Capbreton by land or by sea. From 1336 to 1582 Capbreton and Labenne formed a baronate that was not dependent on feudalism . The reputation of the large fishing port was considerable until the end of the 16th century. On the banks of the Adour River , pine , resin , cork and wine were shipped to Spain, Portugal, England, the Netherlands, but also to Brittany . From there the ships came back loaded with stockfish . The commercial boom resulted in a population of around 3,000 at that time. In the 14th century, a violent storm flooded the port and blocked the mouth of the Adour, so that the current found a new bed to the north and only flowed into the ocean at Vieux-Boucau-les-Bains , as also the map of Cassini from 1750 displays. The diversion of the Adour to Boucau in 1578 under the direction of the engineer Louis de Foix quickly wiped out the prosperity. The port of Capbreton silted up and from then on only ships with light tonnage could call at it. During the French Revolution , only 537 people lived in the parish, which had since been renamed “Cap Brutus”. At the end of the 19th century the community gained new vigor. It took advantage of its geographical location on the ocean and gradually turned to tourism. The French Emperor Napoleon III. promoted the repairs of the harbor from 1858, and the epoch marked the beginning of the fashion of sea bathing, and the wealthy began to build their villas in Capbreton. In the first half of the 20th century, a significant sardine fishing fleet used the port of Capbreton. A sardine factory started operations and was due to close in 1954.
The opening of a railway line by the Compagnie des voies ferrées des Landes from Labenne to Seignosse in 1912 supported the further upswing, as a train station was also built in Capbreton. A lack of speed and the proximity to Bayonne led to the closure of train operations. In 1950 the transport of people was stopped, in 1957 the freight transport.
Population development
Since the beginning of the records, the population has multiplied until today. The growth curve has shown a significant increase especially since the 1920s.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2010 | 2017 |
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| Residents | 3,688 | 3,937 | 4.263 | 4,456 | 5,089 | 6,659 | 7,546 | 7,965 | 8,769 |
age structure
Culture and sights
Culture
- La torrèle de Capbreton. Every year at Christmas, logs are piled up to form a small tower, about three meters high, called la torrèle , on the square in front of the town hall and lit by a local person after the Christmas mass . The custom goes back to a legend according to which the inhabitants of Capbreton are said to have repelled an attack by the Normans at Christmas time by setting fire to all the wood they could find. They ran back and forth in front of the fire all night, faking the attackers into a great defense. The Normans withdrew again. The custom is part of France's intangible cultural heritage.
Buildings
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Parish Church of Saint-Nicolas
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Chapel of Sainte-Thérèse de la Plage
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- Parish church. The church, consecrated to Nikolaus von Myra , was built in the 19th century as a new building from the earlier church from the 16th century. It has been registered as a Monument historique since October 16, 2000 .
- Chapel of Sainte-Thérèse de la Plage. It was built around 1945 and embellished with wall paintings between 1949 and 1952 by the artists ML Dillais and Eugène Gorin . Your long building is built with concrete blocks. The nave is extended by a polygonal apse . The roof is covered with interlocking tiles and completed in the west with a roof turret with a bell. Buttresses support the building between the yokes .
- Maison du Rey . The house was probably built in the 15th century, at a time when Capbreton still had an important fishing port. It is therefore one of the oldest buildings in the municipality. On October 22, 1583 King Heinrich III lodged . of Navarre in this house as a guest of the Bailli Ponteils. The main facade shows an arched entrance and a window on the ground floor . The upper storey forms a slight overhang and is supported by beams . It is decorated like a truss with three rows of crossed beams. Two rectangular wooden-framed windows open in the middle. The house is privately owned. It has been inscribed as a Monument historique since May 22, 1978 .
- Pier. When the French Emperor Napoleon III. Visited the community in September 1858 to study the plans for the future port, he also ordered the construction of a pier. The wood from a total of 600 pines from the community forest was required for construction. When the Emperor arrived in Capbreton for the third time on September 26, 1862, the pier was as good as finished. The first pier was 40 meters long. In 1875, however, it was found to have rotted away and had to be repaired. In 1896 it extended over a length of 185 meters. In 1924 and 1938 it was damaged in strong storms. In September 1943, the pier was partially damaged by German cannons which, as part of the Atlantic Wall, claimed a free line of fire. In 1947 the pier was rebuilt and equipped with a lighthouse . Its new length is now 189.60 m. In January 1978 the pier lost another 20 meters, which was swept away by the floods. The substructures were reinforced and the wooden structure was restored.
Economy and Infrastructure
The community benefits from its location as the only port in the department and its tourism as a seaside resort. In the summer season, the population of Capbreton grows to around 50,000. Accommodation options are provided by ten hotels, three campsites, a motorhome park, four guest rooms, six holiday complexes and 158 registered holiday apartments.
total = 1640
education
The municipality has:
- a public preschool with 174 students
- the private pre-school and primary school "St-Joseph Sainte Marie" with 267 students
- the public primary school “Groupe scol. Saint Exupéry ”with 328 students
- the public Collège Jean Rostand
- the private Collège Saint-Joseph
- the public vocational high school Louis Darmanté.
- the media library L'Écume des jours , named after the novel of the same name by Boris Vian , who stayed in Capbreton for a while during the Second World War
sport and freetime
- The municipality has eight sandy beaches that merge, including seven that are guarded during the summer:
- Notre-Dame , on the right bank of the port exit,
- L'Estacade , on the left bank of the port exit, the smallest beach, popular with children and fishermen at low tide
- La Centrale , beach access for the disabled,
- Le Prévent ,
- La Savane , also called le Santocha , popular with surfers,
- La Piste , popular with surfers,
- Les Océanides , also called le VVF,
- La Pointe , unsupervised natural beach for surfers and nudism .
- The Sentier de la Dune promenade is 2.7 km long and has information boards and leads south from Le Prévent beach over the dunes.
- Capbreton offers a wealth of sports and leisure opportunities on land and water.
- Capbreton is also a center of surfing . Accordingly, there are a large number of surf schools.
- Capbreton is located on the Voie de Soulac , also called Voie du littoral , a byway for pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela . It leads from Soulac-sur-Mer to the Spanish border, where it joins the main routes.
- The community has the rugby club US Capbreton , whose men's team won the French championship of rugby union in the first series in 1977 .
traffic
Capbreton can be reached via the Routes départementales 28, 133, 152, 418 and 652 and is connected to Dax and Bayonne by a line of the regional bus network XL'R .
The Autoroute A63 , called Autoroute des Landes , crosses the municipality on a very small section of approx. 100 m. The next exit 8 is on the territory of the neighboring municipality of Bénesse-Maremne, but is only a few meters from the border of the municipality.
Personalities
- Eugène Nicolas Clément d'Astanières, born March 2, 1841 in Paris , died January 30, 1918 in Capbreton, was a French soldier and sculptor. The Comte comes from a very old noble family from Languedoc . He came back seriously wounded from the Franco-Prussian War , but was called back to the army in connection with the Paris Commune . After his release he only turned to the arts. At the turn of the century he discovered Capbreton for himself and settled here. Several of his works can be admired in the parish church of Saint-Nicolas . He died of the effects of a cold that he caught while hunting ducks. At his request, he was buried in the Capbreton cemetery.
- Boris Vian , born on 10 March 1920 in Ville d'Avray , who died on 23 June 1959 in Paris , was a French writer , jazz trumpeter , cabaret singer , actor , translator , key member of the Collège de 'Pataphysique and head of the jazz record department at Philips . He stayed in his vacation home in Capbreton for a while during World War II .
Web links
- Capbreton on the association's website (French)
- Capbreton Tourist Office website
- Régie des Transports Landaises website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Capbreton ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ a b c Capbreton ( fr ) Conseil régional d'Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Landes ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Ma commune: Capbreton ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Toutes les communes fleuries ( fr ) Conseil national des villes et villages fleuris. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Le palmarès landais des villes et villages fleuris 2017 ( fr ) Sud Ouest . January 31, 2018. Accessed February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Clément Jouhanet: Histoire de Capbreton ( fr ) AquitaineOnLine. April 17, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ^ David Rumsey Historical Map Collection France 1750 ( en ) David Rumsey Map Collection: Cartography Associates. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ présentation de la commune de Capbreton ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Labenne / Seignosse ( fr ) Voies ferrées des Landes. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Notice Communale Capbreton ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Populations légales 2015 Commune de Capbreton (40065) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Evolution et structure de la population en 2014 Commune de Capbreton (40065) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ La torrèla de Cap Berton / La torrèle de Capbreton ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ^ Eglise Saint-Nicolas ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Nicolas ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ chapelle Sainte-Thérèse de la Plage ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ^ Maison dite du Rey ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ chapelle Sainte-Thérèse de la Plage ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Anne-Marie Bell Guez: LA MAISON DU REY A CAPBRETON ( fr ) Cote Sud Histoire. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Anne-Marie Bell Guez: L'Estacade ( fr ) Cote Sud Histoire. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Quelques chiffres ( fr ) Municipality of Capbreton. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Capbreton (40065) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ^ Landes (40), Capbreton ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ La médiathèque L'Écume des jours ( fr ) municipality of Capbreton. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Les Plages de Capbreton - Côte Sud des Landes ( fr ) TourAdour. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Sentier de la Dune ( fr ) Capbreton Tourist Office. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Activités & Loisirs ( fr ) Capbreton Tourist Office. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Ecoles de surf / paddle board ( fr ) Capbreton Tourist Office. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ La voie du Littoral ( fr ) Societé Landaise des Amis de St. Jacques et d'Études Compostellanes. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ Anne-Marie Bell Guez: CLÉMENT D'ASTANIÈRES (1841-1918). ( Fr ) Cote Sud Histoire. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
