Hranice na Moravě

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Hranice
Coat of arms of Hranice
Hranice na Moravě (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Olomoucký kraj
District : Přerov
Area : 4979 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 33 '  N , 17 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 33 '23 "  N , 17 ° 44' 8"  E
Height: 250  m nm
Residents : 18,057 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 750 02 - 753 61
License plate : M.
traffic
Street: Olomouc - Nový Jičín
Railway connection: Břeclav – Bohumín
Hranice na Moravě – Vsetín
structure
Status: city
Districts: 9
administration
Mayor : Jiří Kudláček (as of 2019)
Address: Pernštejnské náměstí 1
753 01 Hranice
Municipality number: 513750
Website : www.mesto-hranice.cz

Hranice (German Mährisch Weißkirchen ), called Hranice na Moravě , is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located 37 kilometers east of Olomouc and belongs to the Okres Přerov .

geography

Hranice is located south of the Oder Mountains in the Weißkirchen Karst. The Moravian Gate is located northeast of the city . The city center is surrounded in the west by the Velička and in the east and south by the Ludina , which unite at their confluence with the Bečva . The Hůrka (370 m) rises on the south-eastern outskirts of the city. In the south-west is the Maleník forest .

Neighboring towns are Velká and Střítež nad Ludinou in the north, Bělotín ( Bölten ) in the northeast, Kunčice ( Kunz village near Bölten ) Špičky and Hluzov the east, Černotín and Ústí in the southeast, Teplice nad Bečvou in the south, Rybáře in the southwest, Drahotuše and Klokočí in West and Hrabůvka in the north-west.

history

The Hranice area has been inhabited since the Stone Age. In the Middle Ages, the Amber Road ran along the Bečva through the Moravian Gate . The place was supposedly founded in 1162. The first mention from 1169 has proven to be a subsequent forgery . Hranice was founded at the transition between the 12th and 13th centuries in the course of colonization by the monk Jurik from the Reigern Benedictine abbey on behalf of Duke Friedrich von Olomouc . The original name "Hranice" means border . When it was raised to a town in 1276, the name "Alba ecclesia" came up, from which the name "Weißkirchen" is derived. The name "Weißkirchen" is derived either from a church painted white or from the white habit of the Premonstratensians of the Hradisko Monastery , to whom the rule had belonged since 1222. In 1292 Hranice received full city rights.

In 1427 the Hussite leader Jan Ctibor Tovačovský of Cimburg conquered the rule of Hranice. Then the monastery received them back. In 1464 the monastery pledged the rule to Ctibor Tobischau von Cimburg , who never redeemed the pledge. The Premonstratensians of Hradisko stood firmly on the side of King George of Podebrady during the Bohemian-Hungarian War of 1468–1471 . This was also when the city began to decline. Military people passed through the Moravian Gate and plundered and devastated the area. The monastery was in debt due to the war, so in 1499 it had to sell the rule of Hranice to Wilhelm II of Pernstein . The Lords of Pernstein remained the owners until 1547 , and the town flourished under them. The old castle was rebuilt and widened.

Hranice Castle

In 1547 Johann von Pernstein sold the rule of Weißkirchen to Wenzel Haugwitz von Biskupitz. This left the property in 1553 to Jan Kropáč of Nevědomí. During his reign, the Moravian brothers settled in the village. Jan Kropáč's daughter and heiress Anna married Johann the Younger of Zerotein after the death of her husband Jan von Kunovice . He was succeeded by Dietrich von Kunowitz, who handed over the rule to Zdeněk von Pottenstein and Žampach in the course of an exchange in 1600 . In 1609 he had the castle modernized. In 1610 Karl Berger von Berg ( Karel Pergar z Pergu ) and his wife Kateřina Onšiča von Bělkovice owned the Hranice estate, which they sold in 1612 to Václav Mol von Modřelice, who was the last permanent owner of the castle. The stucco decorations in the representative rooms that have been preserved date from Mol's time. All Mol von Modřelices property was confiscated after the Battle of White Mountain in 1621 and he died in Olomouc Prison in 1623. In 1621 the bishop of Olomouc , Cardinal Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein received the castle. He carried out the Counter-Reformation with a hard hand . The castle became the seat of the administrative council. The city ​​was slow to recover from the destruction of the Thirty Years' War . This remained in the possession of his family until the 19th century. The city bought itself free from the authorities in 1848. In 1783 the Kaiserstraße was built. In 1847 the railway connection came from the Emperor Ferdinand's Northern Railway Vienna – Cracow. After the abolition of patrimonial, the city became the seat of a district administration in 1850. Emperor Franz Joseph I visited Mährisch Weißkirchen on June 10, 1880.

The Gothic fortifications from the 14th and 15th centuries and the Renaissance houses on the market square have been preserved. The castle was extensively renovated between 1996 and 1998, whereby the arches, conical balustrades and arcades to the inner courtyard that were walled up in the 19th century were restored to their original condition. Today the castle houses the city administration.

The main industries were the textile and wood industries. The most famous wood processing company was the Thonet company with its bentwood furniture in Mährisch Weißkirchen.

When the railway was built in 1843, a cement factory was also built, which to this day processes the limestone from a nearby quarry.

In 1883 Antonín Kunz founded a company in Mährisch Weißkirchen for the repair and production of small agricultural machines and then specialized in the production of wind motors and pumps. The company developed into the largest operation for water pumping in Austria-Hungary. At the end of the 19th century, complete water systems were also built for communities (up to 1912 in 1056 towns and communities as well as industrial companies and large landowners). From this company the company "Sigma Pumps" emerged.

Jewish community

In 1611 Karel Pergar von Perg and his wife Kateřina Onšiča von Bělkovice sold two houses in the later Židovská (Jews) Street to Jews, who until then were forbidden to settle in the city. In 1637, Jews were again prohibited from renting or buying houses from Christian residents. The 17 houses on Židovská (= Jews) Street that were already owned by Jews were then divided into 4 to 6 apartments to accommodate the rapidly growing Jewish population. It was not until the revolution of 1848 that the anti-Semitic ordinance was abolished. In the 1630s a synagogue was built in the courtyard of the Hebrew School. In 1864 this old synagogue was torn down and replaced by a larger synagogue in the Moorish-Byzantine style of Romanesque historicism. The Jewish residents who remained in Mährisch Weißkirchen were deported to concentration and extermination camps in the course of 1942; only 14 people are said to have survived the Shoah . The interior of the synagogue was given to the Central Jewish Museum in Prague . The 17th century cemetery of the Jewish community was one of the most beautiful in Moravia until the end of the 1980s. In 1989, by order of the communist city administration, the cemetery began to be destroyed in order to erect prefabricated buildings there. The city then tried to restore the original appearance, but it was very inadequate. Some of the ancient trees and tombstones were irretrievably lost.

schools

Mährisch Weißkirchen was also the location of numerous civil and military schools:

  • kk Realgymnasium (founded in 1873)
  • Private citizenship school for boys and girls and commercial training school
  • Higher Forestry School Mährisch Weißkirchen
  • Agricultural winter school
  • Girls' trade school for whitewashing and tailoring (two-class)
  • Military high school Mährisch Weißkirchen (founded in 1856 as "Obererziehungshaus", converted into the "Artillery Academy" in 1858, "Military Technical School" from 1869 and "Military High School" from 1875).)
  • Cavalry Cadet School Mährisch Weißkirchen (founded in 1878)

City structure

The city Hranice consists of parts of the city Hranice I - Mesto Hranice II - Lhotka ( Klein Lhota ), Hranice III - Velká ( wilting ), Hranice IV - Drahotuše ( Drahotusch ), Hranice V - Rybáře ( fishermen ), Hranice VI - Valšovice ( Walschowitz ), Hranice VII - Slavíč ( Slavíč ) with the Zadní family ( rear family ), Hranice VIII - Středolesí ( Mittelwald ) and Hranice IX - Uhřínov ( Ungersdorf ).

Town twinning

Attractions

  • Weißkirchener Karst with the nature reserve Hůrka u Hranic, Zbraschauer aragonite caves and the 289.5 m deep Gevatterloch
  • Gothic city fortifications from the 14th and 15th centuries
  • Renaissance houses on the market square
  • Renaissance castle
  • synagogue
  • Jewish Cemetery
  • Old Town Hall built from 1528 (Masaryk Square No. 71)

Personalities

  • Richard Adamík (April 4, 1867 - August 15, 1952): doctor and moral idealist
  • Aaron Chorin (1766–1844): Rabbi
  • Jakob Julius David (February 6, 1859 - November 20, 1906): writer and journalist
  • Ignaz Drapala (March 20, 1834 - April 20, 1916): architect and builder; born in Mährisch Weißkirchen, died in Vienna,
  • Josef Frais (1946–2013), Czech writer, died in Mährisch Weißkirchen
  • Dalibor Janda (born March 21, 1953), Czech musician
  • Theodor Kroner (born May 11, 1845 in Dyhernfurth, died October 6, 1923 in Stuttgart): Rabbi; attended school in Mährisch Weißkirchen
  • Zdeněk Merta (* 1951): Czech composer, pianist and music producer
  • Franz Petrak (October 9, 1886 - 1973): Botanist
  • Abraham Placzek (January 1799 - December 10, 1884): Rabbi in Mährisch Weißkirchen from 1832 to 1840; born in Prerau ,
  • Baruch Jacob Placzek (October 1, 1835 -?): Rabbi; born in Mährisch Weißkirchen
  • Hermann Reuss (April 5, 1848 - February 26, 1931), head of the higher forestry school in Mährisch Weißkirchen (1896 - 1917)
  • Isidore Singer (November 10, 1859 - February 20, 1939): writer; born in Mährisch Weißkirchen
  • Edith Stein (October 12, 1891 Breslau - August 9, 1942 Auschwitz extermination camp): the philosopher and lecturer performed her Red Cross nursing service from April 7 to September 1, 1915 in the military hospital in the Mährisch Weißkirchen cavalry cadet facility; she was beatified by the papal side in 1987 and canonized in 1998 and is also regarded by the evangelical church as the “martyr of the church”.
  • Friedrich Wallisch (May 31, 1890 - February 7, 1969): writer; born in Mährisch Weißkirchen
  • Max Wolf (February 1840 - March 23, 1886): composer; born in Mährisch Weißkirchen

Military school students

Honorary citizen

  • Karl Ritter von Stremayr (1823–1904), Minister for Culture and Education, in recognition of his services to the establishment of the Staatsunterrealgymnasium.

Web links

Commons : Hranice na Moravě  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Weißkirch in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ Hidden Beauties: Hranice na Moravě January 6, 2008, accessed December 20, 2009.