Printer language

Printer language is the name for a technical language that arose in the printing industry, especially in printing technology . The term printer for this originated from the “printing” trade. Only with the development of mass production did a differentiation of the occupational groups take place.

The term typesetting language is occasionally used for those terms that do not refer to the actual printing process, but to the previous work step, the sentence . Printers, for example, defend themselves against spelling errors being referred to as " printing errors ". Instead, they use the term “typographical error” when a typographical error was caused by the typesetter .

List of terms

A.

Abbreviatur: Stands for abbreviation. In hot type of space saving was often for reasons abbreviert . Space was saved, especially in classifieds in newspapers and encyclopedias.
Barring, weeding: Removal of excess material created by punching.
Ablation plate: Current environmentally friendly plate type for CTP that no longer needs development.
Lay down: This activity means putting the lead type back and forth after printing. When typing by hand, the letters were put back in the type case . In the machine set , the cast set was melted down again.
Lying down: The rubbing off of fresh prints on the back of the sheet above.
Doctoring: Cleaning the inking unit of the printing machine. The ink is removed from the ink rollers together with the washing medium with a rubber squeegee.
Attenuator

B.

Ballard skin: Term for a removable copper layer on the gravure cylinder .
train: Name of the paper web in web printing machines.
Baryta paper: Paper coated with barium sulphate , on which particularly precise prints could be made. Was used prior to the introduction of photocomposition to transfer the set to film. This was done by means of a repro camera or by direct contact exposure on line film (negative / positive material or other light-sensitive foils, e.g. "K-9 foils"), as the paper has almost no fibers. In addition to printing from lead type, baryta paper was also used for composer typesetting.
Printability: Surface properties of papers such as smoothness, absorbency, and ink acceptance.
Substrate: Denotes paper, cardboard, foils and other printable materials.
Bound ( Bound ): Brochures and printed matter stapled in magazines or glued to the waistband.
Berlin format

C.

C.: Abbreviation for the color cyan (blue) from the CMYK color model .
Chemigraphy: Term for a process in relief printing , in which zinc plates are etched up for printing, a chemograph is an employee in chemigraphy.
Chromagraph: A professional drum scanner by Rudolf Hell , developed in 1965.
Chromolithography: A color variant of lithography, which was to be the most common printing method for high-quality color illustrations until the 1930s.
Chromo paper and cardboard: Wood-free or wood-containing papers and cardboard, which are usually coated on one side and are particularly used in lithography .
Cicero: A typographical measure of 12 points .
CMYK: The four-color color system in the printing industry (cyan, magenta, yellow, depth or black [key]), also called process colors .
Color management , color management: The aim of color management is to reproduce as similarly as possible a template captured with any input device on any output device.
Composing: The manual or electronic copying of images and texts together for a print template .
Computer publishing: The media-appropriate creation (print or electronic media) or typographical / graphic preparation of documents on the workstation computer (PC, Mac, workstation), and the corresponding dissemination of the documents.
Computer to Film , CTF: From computer to film refers to a process for the production of films in which the manual sheet assembly is done electronically. For this purpose, data from various sources are brought together and output to a film imagesetter.
Computer to Plate , CTP

D.

Hiding power: Describes the property of a printing ink to hide the structure and color of the substrate. The opposite property is called glaze or transparency .
Delta E value: Calculated distance between two color samples, for example between an original and its reproduction. The following applies to the lab system, for example ${\ displaystyle \ Delta E_ {ab} ^ {*} = {\ sqrt {(L_ {2} ^ {*} - L_ {1} ^ {*}) ^ {2} + (a_ {2} ^ {* } -a_ {1} ^ {*}) ^ {2} + (b_ {2} ^ {*} - b_ {1} ^ {*}) ^ {2}}}}$
Densitometer: Devices for measuring the color density ( full tone density ) and optical density of printed matter, as well as in photo technology for measuring the blackening of negatives , slides and paper images.
Slide: Positive see-through photographic image.
Diazo film: Name for one-sided or double-sided coated carrier film made of polyester . Was used, for example, as a reference copy for offset assembly.
Thickened: Actual width of a character.
Didot system: Typographic system of measurement named after the French printer Francois Didot (1730–1804).
Digital proof: Test printout created directly from the database for various purposes; For submission to the client and for determining or checking color accuracy as part of color management .
Digital printing: Describes printing processes in which the print image is transferred directly from the computer to a printing machine without using a static printing form .
Digitizer: see graphics tablet
Divis: Synonymous with the word hyphen .
Wire stitching: Binding method in which the pages are stapled together using wire clips stuck through the spine.
Printing inks

E.

Ebab: Trimming of the individual layers (folded sheets) of an entire book block in order to keep the original shape of the book.
Real spots, full tone: Designation for full colored areas without grid points .
True color file, Truecolor File: A color image file that is available after generation or image capture in an RGB file format with 8 bits each for the three color channels, i.e. a total of 24 bits. In such a file, colors = 16,777,216 colors can theoretically be represented. ${\ displaystyle 2 ^ {24}}$
pancake: Joking name for a sentence that has fallen apart .
Bring in: Save one or more lines by deleting text or reducing the spaces between words.
Set up: Preparing the printing press for production printing .
Template: Creates a millimeter film with help and contains the trimmed and untrimmed format of all pages, the page layout , registration marks, as well as punching and conditioning character for a printing form.
Single sheet feeder: Device on printing machines that transfers sheets to the printing unit.
Indent: Line indentation, indentation of the beginning of the text at the beginning of a new line in order to structure a typesetting work appropriately.
Electromechanical engraving: Engraving of the gravure cylinder , the scanning cylinder and the gravure cylinder to be engraved being connected to one another by a shaft.
Electronic engraving: Engraving of the gravure cylinder , in which the signals for the engraving head come from the digital database for the printing form description.
Final film: The copied together, smooth film as a master copy for the production of the printing form.
Final format: The trimmed size of a page or double page.
Continuous printing: Used, for example, for printing forms. The paper has guide holes on the side.
Descreen

F.

Thread stitching: The connection of individual pages or the folded sheets of paper to a booklet or book block by means of a thread, in contrast to wire stitching .
Thread counter: Strong magnifying glass with three to twelve times magnification, which is used in prepress for screen and register control.
Flag deduction: Proof copy to check not breaking wrapping set columns.
facsimile: Faithful copy or reproduction of an original, often a historically valuable document .
factor: Head of a letterpress typesetting; usually a master typesetter (obsolete term). Later, with the introduction of new graphic techniques, it was also used more generally to designate executive employees in the graphic industry.
Fold: Crease in the paper caused by folding.
Fold: Technique of print finishing , in which a printed sheet is folded in such a way that the individual pages of a book are arranged one after the other in the reading direction.
Fold types: The most important types of fold are cross-fold and parallel fold.

G

Alley (typography): Word spaces that are perpendicular to each other in typography, see misprints .
Alley (typesetting): the aisle between the shelves.
Couchette: During paper production, the squeezing of the water from the freshly scooped paper. Transferred is the book printer custom, which can be traced back to the 16th century, of dunking the trained typesetter and printer apprentices with full clothing in a large vat during the couch celebration.
Mean: Are lowercase letters or minuscule .
Impression cylinder: Name for the cylinder with which the paper is pressed onto the printing form or against the rubber cylinder in offset printing. In gravure printing, it's called an impression roller .
Mixed sentence: Typesetting work in which other fonts are used in addition to the basic font.
Coated paper: Also referred to as art or picture printing paper in which the surface has been refined on both sides with an application of binding agent. Paper coated on one side is called chromo paper.
Quartered: A typographical unit of measurement from the time of lead typesetting with movable letters , which is still used in modern typesetting on the computer.
Gigantography, grid projection: Term for a grid enlargement, for example for the printing of large-format posters through photographic projection.
Smooth sentence: Set from just one font in large quantities with minor accentuation and no headings.
Gilt edging: Decoration of the book cut , usually the upper cut edge of a book block , with the gold being transferred from a carrier foil by machine.
God greet art: Traditional greeting from the printers and the printing industry.
Glass engraving grid: Serves to break down a halftone image into printable raster dots and is placed upstream of the film to be exposed in the reproduction camera.
dig: If missing characters, so-called corpses, have to be inserted, the affected line can become too long. Shoveling a grave means using typographic tricks to create additional space. Otherwise the rest of the paragraph would have to be repositioned.
Graphics tablet , digitizer: Name for a pointing device for computer input, in which the tip of a pen is moved on a plate.
Grammage: Industry name for the "basis weight" of paper.
Grotesque , sans serif: Sans serif antiqua typefaces in which the line width of the letters is almost even.
Basic font: The font size of a particular font that is predominantly used for typesetting work.
Gum arabic: In classical lithography , gum arabic was used for the necessary pretreatment of the litho stones before printing and strengthened their property of making the non-printing parts of the stone grease-repellent and water-absorbent. Gum arabic was also used in offset printing. So that the water-bearing printing plates do not oxidize too much due to atmospheric oxygen and become ink-bearing, they were protected from air by applying gum arabic.
Rubber blanket: Intermediate carrier used in offset printing from which the print is made on paper.
Rubber cylinder: Carrier of the rubber blanket in offset printing.

H

Hairline: A line type whose thickness is defined as a pixel of the output medium. As a result, a hairline is clearly visible on a printer with a resolution of 600 dpi, while it can only be recognized by a thread counter on the film or the printing plate with an imagesetter with 2540 dpi .
Hairline , spread: Denotes the thinner part of the letter image. The line thickness between the hairline and the base line varies.
halftone: Halftones are all intermediate tones between black and white.
Halftone image: A color or black and white image that, in contrast to line or raster images, has continuously varying tone values.
Neckline: Separates the table header from the actual table. Also called the headline .
Hamburgefonts: Font sample word for assessing the font design
Handset: Exclusively set by hand, as opposed to machine-set machine sets .
Home correction: Correction read by the in-house proofreading, in contrast to the author's correction.
Headline: English term for headline used to describe the headline of an advertisement or newspaper.
Heidelberg: In short for Heidelberger Druckmaschinen, one of the world's leading manufacturers of sheet-fed offset presses.
Hot stamping: Instead of printing ink, an embossing stamp is used to apply a thin plastic film to the substrate using pressure and heat.
Heliogravure: The forerunner technique of modern gravure printing , in which the print image is transferred to the printing form using pigment paper and then etched.
Helio-Klischograph: The most common variant of the Klischograph is used for the electromechanical engraving of gravure cylinders.
Hexachrome: The attempt to remove the color restrictions of four-color printing with two additional printing colors, mainly orange and green.
HKS: A compilation or color fan deck of 120 full-tone colors with a total of 3,250 colors.
wedding: A sentence error in which two identical words appear one after the other.

Horizontal camera
"Model K" from Falz & Werner, Leipzig; 70 × 70 cm negative format

Horizontal camera: Reproduction camera in horizontal design, in contrast to the vertical camera. Horizontal cameras could be several meters long and often occupied several rooms: a light room and a dark room. The optics and the bellows protruded into the bright room. The template was clamped in a template holder in the bright room. The light-sensitive reprofilm was brought into the correct position in the dark room, the optics focused and exposed.
Whore child: In letterpress is the last line of a paragraph, which is the first line on a page or in a column.

I.

Imprimatur

J

JDF: Abbreviation for Job Definition Format , designates a standardized open file format for describing print jobs and job control.
JPEG: Abbreviation for Joint Photographic Expert Group , stands for expert group of the CCITT / ISO standardization committees , which deals with image data compression in digital image processing. JPEG (JPG for short) is a widely used data format for digital photographs on the web .
Virgin: A page that was set by the typesetter without any error.

K

K: Name for the color black from the CMYK color model , the selection of the letter K comes from the English word key , since black is the key color for contrast and sharpness in four-color printing.
calender: A machine for smoothing or embossing paper using heated rollers.
calibration: Adaptation of various input and output devices to their color accuracy.
calligraphy: Is the art of fine writing by hand, with a quill pen , brush, ink or other writing utensils.
Plate cylinder channel: Used to fasten and tension the pressure plate using tensioning rails.
Headband: A decorative fabric edge glued to the head and foot of the spine of the book block.
Small caps: Uppercase letters at the same height as the lowercase letters without excess and descenders.
Laminating: The mechanical covering of paper, cardboard or cardboard with foil to apply a protective or decorative layer.
cone: The dimension of the printing type in the vertical direction of the typeface.
Wedge color: In the photolithography and Repro retouching blue-black glaze paint, consisting of dyes dissolved in water and used brushes retouch of contone and halftone films and serves on photo paper.
Blurb , laundry slip: Text on the flaps of the dust jacket of books.
Lowercase letter: see minuscule, also called common.
cliche: General term for all types of high pressure plates.
Klischograph: Was developed by Rudolf Hell from 1951 and is regarded as the forerunner of today's scanners . Scans templates electronically, breaks them down into pixels and engraves them in metal or plastic film. The first electronically generated printing forms were used as clichés in letterpress and newspaper printing .
Toggle press: Name for a lithographic press . The press was previously used to mint coins.
Coal arc lamp: A conventional light source in which light is generated by an electric arc between two graphite electrodes. Carbon arc lamps have been used in copying offset plates.
column: Sentence wrapped to the intended dimension.
Column cord: A cord, usually made of hemp, which is used in lead type to secure the finished set against falling apart during transport or storage ( standing set ).
Complementary color: A term from color theory that denotes the opposite colors in the color wheel, for example red and green or blue and yellow .
Compress: Typographic designation for a line spacing without leading (Regletten).
Contact device: Device for the exposure of photographic films, which takes place in direct contact with the negative or positive under vacuum .
Contact grid: In contrast to the glass engraving grid, the contact grid is used to rasterize halftone recordings in the contact device.
Counter, turn back: Copying of reprofilms from right to wrong or vice versa.
Headbridge: Unprinted space between the top of the paper and the first line of text.
Copier: Automatic machine for copying individual films to any number of uses on offset printing plates.
Galley proof, proof for printing: Term for a copy of the sentence that has not yet been broken in order to be checked for errors.
Correction marks: Used to mark text errors and must be repeated on the right edge of the paper. Correction characters are standardized in Germany in the DIN standards DIN 16511 and DIN 16549-1 and are explained collectively in spelling dictionaries (e.g. Duden ).
Scabies: Scabies has been called the recovery of lead from printed metal type cast lines. Due to the resulting toxic fumes, the lead had to be melted down in closed rooms with extraction systems. The rooms were also called "Scabies".
Italic , Italic: Collective term for fonts inclined to the right.

L.

Painting, printing varnish: Prints can be coated with print varnish in the printing machine or with nitro lacquer in the varnishing machine .
Laminate: Covering a printed product with plastic film (laminate).
Running direction: Refers to the direction in which the paper fibers run.
Corpse: A missing letter or word in the printed text. Correcting the error buries the corpse .
layout: See draft
Legend: Description of the symbols, colors and signatures used on maps and illustrations.
Leporello fold: Refers to a type of fold in which the paper is folded in a zigzag shape. Printed matter folded in this way is called a leporello or folding book .
Letter: See print type
ligature: Description of a letter combination in which characters are combined to form a double character. Ligatures are, for example, the connections ff, fi, fl, ft .
Blueprint: See blueprint
Left aligned: Typographic expression for a line case in which all the beginning of the line are left-justified one below the other.
Linotype: Abbreviated name for the Linotype typesetting machine, in which, in contrast to the Monotype typesetting machine, complete lines of print are cast. The setting and pouring operations take place on one device.
Advertising pillar: Term for a notice pillar to which posters for outdoor advertising can be stuck.
lithography: Describes a process in which greasy ink is used to draw on a lithographic stone and the drawing is transferred to paper in the lithographic press. Until the advent of digital word and image processing in the 1990s, “lithography” was also a collective term for the process of processing images suitable for printing (rastering, making color separations, etc.). Service providers who carried out this process were called lithos. The images rasterized on reprofilms were colloquially called lithographs or lithos. See also photolithography .
Lithography stone

M.

M.: Name for the color red (magenta) from the CMYK color model .
Set of men: Term used in lead type for the exact subsequent phrase (new phrase) of a work. Lead type letters and lines only lasted a certain number of copies due to the mechanical stress. Works often had to be re-set when reprinting. If the sentence had to be exactly like the previous version (same line case, same scrap) it was “male sentence ”.
Mac, Macintosh: (Abbreviated) designation for the Macintosh - Personal computer company Apple . Originally, Macs were considered the preferred computer from both a printing and a design point of view because of their hardware and software, but this has now been put into perspective. Macs now use the same main processors (CPUs) as the dominant Windows PCs.
macOS, OS X, Mac OS X, Mac OS: Names of the two Mac operating system series from Apple, which have been renamed several times .; The current macOS series is a Unix operating system with corresponding compatibility with BSD and Linux; it was previously called OS X and before that Mac OS X. The screen output is based on PDF and practically every displayable object and document can be saved as a PDF document (including PDF / X). For typographically demanding designers, it offers typographical functions that go beyond the capabilities of other operating systems.

N

Cup: Designation of the depressions in the gravure cylinder, the color of which is then transferred to the paper.
Wet-on-wet printing: In a multi-color printing machine, the printing process is so fast that the colors cannot dry.
Acid test: Method of checking the printed sheet for drying. The fingernail brushing the fresh print must not leave any traces in the colored areas. It can also be used to check the direction of paper or cardboard.
negative: Refers to the reversal of a film positive, with the light tones appearing dark and the dark tones appearing light.
Standard printing inks: In the DIN 16539 set printing inks for offset printing.
Standard light: Term for the standardized spectral radiation distribution curves of certain light sources. The criteria for standard light are defined in the ISO standard ISO 3664
Use: The arrangement of a corresponding number of duplicates of the same motif in order to optimally fill the print sheet.

O

OCR technology: Abbreviation for Optical Character Recognition . The term from the IT sector describes machine text recognition, for example on check forms.
Oil stone

P

Pagina: Page number of a book, also called page or column number.
Panchromatic: Term for photographic film material that is sensitive to light of any color.
Panorama picture: An image that goes over two pages in the bunch.
Pantone Matching System: A system developed by the Pantone company that assigns a uniform designation and a uniform color mixture description in the various color spaces (RGB, CMYK, HSV) to usage colors.
Paperback: English term for a perfect-bound paperback with a paper or cardboard cover.
paper: The most common substrate in printing technology.
Parallel fold: All folds run parallel to each other. The parallel folds include the letter fold, the gate fold, the Leporello fold and the parallel center fold.
parenthesis: Typographic name for a round, square or curly bracket sign.
Passer: The perfectly fitting, exact overprint of several colors in multi-color printing.
Register marks: Markings for checking the accuracy of fit at the register.
pasty: Refers to printing ink and means viscous .
PCX: Image data format.
PDF: Means Portable Document Format and is the name of a file format for documents.
perforation: Hole or slot punching in the printed sheet, through which parts of a sheet such as postcards can be separated without tools.
periodical: Name for a regularly published printed work.
PH value: Describes the acid content of the dampening solution in an offset printing machine and is important for the quality of the production run.
Photosetting, photosetting: A method of making typesets in which letters are copied onto photographic material by exposure.
Pica point: The American unit of measurement for the font size in inches . 1P (pica) = 1/6 inch = 4.233 mm; 1pp (pica point) = 1/72 inch = 0.353 mm.
Piezo technology: Use in ink jet printer , by the ink jet by a piezoelectric transducer is modulated.
pigment: Term for coloring, insoluble substances.
Pigment paper: A special paper covered with a light-sensitive chrome gelatin layer for transferring the print image to the printing form in gravure printing .
pictogram: A single symbol or icon that conveys information through a simplified graphic representation.
pixel: The smallest unit of a digital raster graphic and its representation on a screen .
Pixel graphics , raster graphics: Refers to the description of an image in the form of computer-readable data.
plagiarism: Term from copyright law and denotes the theft of intellectual property, such as a literary, artistic or musical work.
poster: Large-format public notice or notice, it is usually used for advertising purposes.
Poster formats: The formats vary widely and range from about DIN A3 to 18/1 sheets, which corresponds to nine parts in DIN A0 format .
Flat sheet: A flat, unfolded print sheet.
Plan cutter: A machine for cutting flat sheets before printing, as well as the final trimming after printing.
Record spinner: Device for the even application and drying of the copy layer on offset plates using centrifugal force .
Plate cylinder

Q

Quadrant paper scales: Precision balance for determining the basis weight of paper. A 10 × 10 cm paper sample was hung on the hook on the scale and the display indicated the weight per square meter.
Square meter weight: The weight of one square meter of a given paper or cardboard box.
Paper: 7 g / m² to 150 g / m²
Cardboard: 150 g / m² to 600 g / m²
Cardboard: over 600 g / m²
Squares: Dice game of the typesetters with squares .
Quadriplex: Printing a monochrome photo in four colors. See also duplex printing .
Landscape: Term for a paper or image format in which the length is greater than the height.
Sheeter: Cutting machine for roll paper, which separates the paper web into individual sheets across the running direction .

R.

etching: Describes a gravure printing process in artistic printmaking in which the drawing is scratched or etched with a needle.
Rotogravure printing: The gravure printing process used in the industrial sector. The excess ink is scraped off the printing cylinder with the squeegee .
Margin adjustment: As an aesthetic or visual margin adjustment, it is a function of various layout programs that optimize the sentence margin. It pushes capital letters (V or W), quotation marks, hyphens and punctuation marks a little beyond the actual edge, so that the visual impression of a clean edge is created.
rapport: Term for a constantly recurring, identical print pattern, such as wallpaper or textile printing .
Grid: Describes a process in printing technology to represent halftones .
Grid density: Describes the integral density within a measuring field with a densitometer .
Grid projection, gigantography: Enlargement of raster negatives or positives by projection in the reproduction camera .

S.

Sawtooth effect: In many printing processes , such as screen printing or rotogravure printing , a sawtooth effect occurs when raster points do not form closed contours.
saturation

T

tray: see graphics tablet .
Daylight types: Name for two white light standards in the printing industry , which are based on the different phases of daylight. D50 with a color temperature of 5000 Kelvin for assessing photos and monitors. D65 with 6500 Kelvin is used to assess papers and printing inks containing whiteners or optical brighteners .
dancer: Paper storage rollers for magazine reel changers for use in web offset.
Pocket folding machines: With pocket folds, the sheet runs into a pocket and is then folded by the back pressure.
Pitch circle diameter: Diameter in which component elements, mostly for the rubber blanket in offset printing, are arranged around a center point.
Templates: Prepared sample pages in the various desktop publishing programs in order to be able to process repetitive work more quickly.
Textura (texture): Name of a broken script that originated in northern France during the Gothic period and is therefore often referred to as Gothic script .
Thermal plate, thermal plate: Term for an offset printing plate which, in CTP systems, is illustrated by heat (thermal energy) and not by light.
Thermal sublimation: Describes a color printing process in thermal printers in which high temperatures of 300 to 400 ° C are used. The paint is turned into a gaseous state and evaporated onto the paper.
thesaurus: Name for a model to describe a subject area. It consists of a systematically arranged collection of terms that are thematically related to one another.

U

Overexposure: Multiple exposure beyond normal exposure, as with plate copies, which leads to changes in the printed image.
Overprint: Method of printing two colors on top of each other. Opposite of omitting
Overfill, underfill: See trapping
Overset: Set volume that can no longer be accommodated in the planned scope. By deleted text, reducing the line spacing, lower walking distance or smaller font sizes overset can be eliminated.
UCR

V

Vacant side: A blank page that is included in the page count.
Vector graphic: In comparison to a pixel graphic, resolution-independent display and output option for image and graphic files, the details and areas are described by vectors with a certain length and orientation.
Vectorize: Conversion of a pixel graphic file into a vector graphic file , also known as tracing .
Blocking: Gluing together freshly printed sheets in the discard pile.
course: Term for a technique that creates gradual transitions between at least two color nuances (color gradient), two gray tones (lightness gradient) or more colorful and achromatic color nuances (saturation gradient) by means of continuously changing rasterization.
Capital adjustment: When setting capital letters , there may be unfavorable letter combinations. This creates “holes”, as in WALTER between WA or LT: This inaccuracy is compensated for by slightly blocking TER, as in the word “Walter”.
Cap height: Height of the capital letters, which does not have to be identical for different fonts despite the same point size.
Capital letters: Term for capital letters , even Majuskel called.
Vertical wedge: Special formatting within a text frame in which the individual paragraphs and lines are pulled apart within a permissible range.
Distributed printing: Central creation of documents, sending of page data via EDI and subsequent output via digital printing machines at local print shops all over the world.
Four color printing: Description of all printing processes in which any number of color tones and nuances can be achieved by overprinting the CMYK basic colors.
vignette: Small decorations with ornaments or pictures in books and other printed matter.
viscosity: Measure of the viscosity of the printing ink. The greater the viscosity, the thicker the paint.
Becoming fuller, tone value increase: Increase in tonal values by broadening the halftone dots during printing.
Full tone: Area in print templates as opposed to halftone halftones.
Solid density: Color density of a full- tone area determined with the densitometer .
Front lay: Describes a device on the printing machine that aligns an incoming sheet of paper exactly forward in the transport direction.
Original, original: Is used for the production of printing templates and can consist of text and image templates, which in turn are divided into reflective and transparent templates.
Intent: Tear-proof double sheet that provides the connection between the book block and the book cover. The page glued to the inner book cover is called the mirror , while the second page remains free and is called the flying leaf .
Feed: Describes the distance from line to line, in contrast to the leading , which characterizes the distance between the lines.

W.

Orphan, whore child: Typographic expression for an incorrect break if the last line of a paragraph is the first line on a page or column, i.e. is orphaned.
Waterless offset printing: A process that uses special inks and special plate coatings to print without dampening solution. Due to the lower moisture penetration of the paper, finer print rasters and more precise color guidance are possible.
Watermark: Quality mark in the paper, which can only be seen when looking through it.
Knock away: Physical drying, whereby the binding agents or solvents of the printing inks penetrate the paper, while the resin components with pigments remain on the surface and harden.
Whitener: Name for optical brighteners in paper.
Further processing: After printing, printed sheets can be cut, punched, folded, stapled, grooved, laminated and perforated.
Turning drum: Mechanical device for turning the sheet, as in the setup in combined two-color and perfecting presses.
Factory pressure: Printing books and brochures that contain mostly text.
Work set: Term from the lead type for regularly recurring similar typesetting (periodicals), in contrast to the commercial typesetting.
Letter fold: A form of parallel fold, in which two or more equally wide parts of the folded sheet are folded around a sheet part without changing direction.
Reverse printing: Printing the back of a sheet. The print on the front of the sheet is called face print .
Cradle print , incunabula: Term for the fonts printed with movable type that were produced up to December 31, 1500.
Washer fluid: Another expression for the dampening solution in offset printing .
Cloudiness: Uneven ink coverage on full-tone areas of a printing sheet, which is usually caused by an incorrect ink-water balance.
Workflow: PDF workflow: workflow for processing PDF data in the print shop. Workflow management: Control of the workflow in networks and their connected computers and output devices such as imagesetters, CTP, proofs, printers, printing machines, postpress.
Interword space: Distance between the individual words in a line, which can be set in layout programs.
WYSIWYG: Abbreviation for What You See Is What You Get (What you see is what you get) . Real screen display of what is output on the printer or plotter.

X

xerography: Electrostatic copying process, colloquially called photocopy .
XTensions: Special program modules, often offered by third-party providers, which increase the functionality of the QuarkXPress layout program .

Y

YCC: The data format used on the Kodak Photo CD , in which Y stands for the brightness and the two C (Cr, Cb) for the red-green and blue-yellow chromaticity, the image data on the Photo CD are based on the Huffman Compression method and have a color depth of 24 bit / pixel.
Y: Name for the color yellow from the CMYK color model .

Z

Character equalization: Spation in the typography with individual letters .
Line width: A legible line should contain no less than 25 and no more than 75 characters.
Line break: Manually ends the line and places the cursor or cursor at the beginning of the next line without creating a new paragraph. Such a soft line break, which does not cause a new paragraph, is achieved in many word processing programs with the key combination Shift + Enter .
Line exclusion: Term from the lead type that denotes blank material (exclusion) from one to several points thick in order to bring the lines to the full width.
Newspaper format: Describes the size in terms of width times height of an unopened newspaper.
Newsprint: Machine-smooth paper with a lot of wood pulp or waste paper with a weight per unit area of 40 to 57 g / m²
cellulose: Name for the fibrous mass that is formed during the chemical decomposition of plant fibers, mostly different types of wood, which consists mainly of cellulose . Cellulose fibers are the basis for the manufacture of paper. Wood is the raw material for over 90% of the pulp produced worldwide.
cellulose: The main component of plant cell walls and the most common organic compound on earth. Cellulose is mainly obtained from wood.
Centered set , axial set: Typographic expression for a sentence, the middle of the line of which is exactly aligned with the center axis of a page or column.
Zigzag fold , leporello fold: Term for parallel folds in which the sides lie one behind the other like an accordion.
Inch , inch: English length measurement of exactly 2.54 cm.
Zone screws: Designation for adjusting screws with which the amount of ink (ink flow) can be partially regulated on printing machines.
Collate: Term from bookbinding and describes the sorting and stacking of the individual folded printed sheets of a book or a multi-layer brochure in the correct order before binding. Special gathering machines are used for this task.
grant: Describes the amount of paper in excess of the number of printed sheets required for the order, which is required to set up (set up) the machines for production printing and further processing.
Adding the printing form: Printing ink and paper dust add to non-printing parts of the printing form and cause changes in tone value, especially in three-quarter tones and shadows.
Onion fish: A single letter set in a different font or style than the rest of the text.
Intermediate cut: Between the individual benefits on a print sheet, an additional strip of material is necessary so that each copy can be precisely trimmed to size.
Subheads: Name for a special sheet in the book that marks the beginning of a new section.
finishing

literature

Eberhard Dilba: Typography lexicon and reader for everyone . 2nd Edition. Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt 2008, ISBN 978-3-8334-2522-6 ( Online [PDF; 5.8 MB ; accessed on June 14, 2019]).

Web links

Wiktionary: Printer language - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Lexicon of Western European Typography. In: Typolexikon. Retrieved October 10, 2012 .
Supplement KBA Report 35 2009 - Glossary Printing Inks - Effects, Applications, Interactions, Test Methods, Standards - a collection of terms for offset printing companies. (PDF; 1.9 MB) Retrieved October 10, 2012 .

Individual evidence

↑ misprint. In: Heinrich Klenz: German printer language. Trübner, Strasbourg 1900. textkritik.de Institute for Text Criticism, Heidelberg 2003.
^ Meyer's encyclopaedic lexicon . Volume 3, Mannheim 1971, p. 188.

[1] misprint. In: Heinrich Klenz: German printer language. Trübner, Strasbourg 1900. textkritik.de Institute for Text Criticism, Heidelberg 2003.

[2] Meyer's encyclopaedic lexicon . Volume 3, Mannheim 1971, p. 188.