Oberndorf am Neckar

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Oberndorf am Neckar
Oberndorf am Neckar
Map of Germany, position of the city of Oberndorf am Neckar highlighted

Coordinates: 48 ° 17 '  N , 8 ° 34'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Freiburg
County : Rottweil
Height : 506 m above sea level NHN
Area : 55.93 km 2
Residents: 14,073 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 252 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 78727
Area code : 07423
License plate : RW
Community key : 08 3 25 045
LOCODE : DE ODF
City structure: 7 districts

City administration address : 		Klosterstrasse 3
78727 Oberndorf am Neckar
Website : www.oberndorf.de
Mayor : Hermann Acker
Location of the town of Oberndorf am Neckar in the Rottweil district
Donau Landkreis Freudenstadt Landkreis Tuttlingen Ortenaukreis Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis Zollernalbkreis Aichhalden Bösingen (bei Rottweil) Deißlingen Dietingen Dornhan Dunningen Eschbronn Epfendorf Fluorn-Winzeln Hardt (Schwarzwald) Lauterbach (Schwarzwald) Oberndorf am Neckar Rottweil Rottweil Schenkenzell Schiltach Schramberg Sulz am Neckar Villingendorf Wellendingen Vöhringen (Württemberg) Zimmern ob Rottweilmap
About this picture

Oberndorf am Neckar is a town on the upper Neckar in the Rottweil district in Baden-Württemberg .

geography

Oberndorf
Oberndorf am Neckar, Tuchberg

Oberndorf am Neckar is located in the Upper Neckar Valley, between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alb at 450 to 700  m above sea level. NHN .

Protected areas

Parts of the Oberndorf urban area along the Neckar belong to the roughly 2203 hectare FFH area 7620-343 Neckar Valley between Rottweil and Sulz . The nature reserves Brandhalde (9.9 hectares), Mittlere Bollerhalde (3.1 hectares), and Kälberhalde (4.1 hectares) are integrated into this protected area, which is important throughout Europe .

Neighboring communities

The city of Oberndorf borders in the north on Dornhan , Sulz am Neckar and Vöhringen , in the east on Rosenfeld ( Zollernalbkreis ), in the south on Epfendorf and Bösingen and in the west on Schramberg , Fluorn-Winzeln and Alpirsbach ( Freudenstadt district ).

City structure

Lower town
Hochmössingen

The districts of Oberndorf am Neckar are:

With the exception of Oberndorf am Neckar, localities within the meaning of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code are set up in the districts, each with its own local council and mayor as its chairman.

The Aistaig district includes the village of Aistaig, the Herrenwald homestead and the Rötelhof residential area.

The Altoberndorf district includes the village of Altoberndorf, the Boller Berg homestead and the Dollau, Grüner Berg, Hegelberg, Höhingen and Irslenbach residential areas.

The Beffendorf district includes the Beffendorf village and the Oberaichhof homestead.

The Bochingen district includes the village of Bochingen and the Einfeld and Unterer Schlatthof farms.

The Boll district includes the village of Boll and the Oberer Schlatthof homestead.

The village of Hochmössingen is part of the Hochmössingen district.

The Oberndorf am Neckar district includes the town of Oberndorf am Neckar, Lindenhof, Neckarvorstadt and Webertal, the Unteraichhof state estate and the residential areas An der Aistaiger Straße, Fischweiher, Grundhäuser, Nestelwasen and Stockbrunnen.

In the Aistaig district are the abandoned towns of Burg and Denkhausen and in the Oberndorf am Neckar district are the abandoned towns of Lautenbach and Reute and the Burgstall Waseneck .

history

Prehistory and early history

The first traces of settlement in the Oberndorf area can already be seen for the period around 3000–1800 BC. Prove. Traces of settlement from the Neolithic Age can be found near Beffendorf . Traces of settlement from the Hallstatt period on the Scheibenbühl near Altoberndorf date from around 800–400 BC. Around 200 BC. There was a Celtic settlement in Oberndorf. Traces of the Celts from the years 100 BC BC – 1 BC BC also represent places of worship ( Viereckschanzen ) in the Eichwald near Oberndorf and in the Burgstall corridor near Boll.

When the Romans advanced into the upper Neckar area in AD 70 , the construction of roads from the Rottweil fort to the Sulz and Waldmössingen castles began . Sections of these roads have been preserved near Bochingen and Hochmössingen . In this area there are also Roman manors (including the Villa Rustica in Bochingen ) from around 100–200 AD, as well as individual finds from Aistaig, Beffendorf and Oberndorf from this period. From 260 AD the Alemanni advanced into the area across the Limes . Their traces can be found above all from AD 600 in Alemannic primeval villages and Franconian expansion settlements in Aistaig, Altoberndorf, Beffendorf, Hochmössingen and Oberndorf. Row graves with rich gifts were also discovered.

middle Ages

First documented mention in 782

The first documentary mention of Oberndorf comes from a deed of donation from the St. Gallen monastery : "actum Obarindorf villa publice" from the year 782. The donation, which concerned the towns of Brittheim and Bickelsberg, probably took place at the Oberndorf royal court in the valley, to which the Remigiuskirche belonged.

Bishop Salomon von Konstanz received the Oberndorf royal court with baptistery (St. Remigius) around 900 and passed it on to the St. Gallen monastery, of which he was abbot . This donation was confirmed for the first time by King Konrad I in 912 and again by King Otto I in 948 .

Around 1100 St. Gallen handed over the monastery property on the upper Neckar as a donation to the dukes of Zähringen . When the dukes of Teck split off from the Zähringers in 1187, they received the property on the upper Neckar.

City foundation

The town of Oberndorfer was founded around 1250 by Duke Ludwig von Teck on the tufa-limestone plate to the left of the Neckar (1246 a customs officer is called, 1251 a former mayor , 1254 a citizen ). In 1264 the newly founded women's monastery in the valley was accepted into the order of the Augustinian hermits , and in 1272 the Dominican monastery at the Michaelskapelle received privileges from Duke Ludwig von Teck . In 1295 the Maier von Waseneck family was first mentioned . They were entrusted with the construction and management of Waseneck Castle near Altoberndorf as the residence of the Oberndorfer Teck-Linie and the estate (Unteraichhof). In 1298 battles broke out between Count Albert von Hohenberg and Duke Otto von Baiern near Oberndorf and Leinstetten, in the course of which Count Albert, the minstrel , fell. In 1300, Duke Hermann von Teck confirmed the town of Oberndorf's old rights and freedoms.

Imperial ban 1346

In the throne disputes between Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian and the newly elected King Charles IV , 18 nobles in Oberndorf conspired against the emperor in 1346 . The city came under the imperial ban , from which it was dissolved again by King Karl in 1348.

After the death of Duke Hermann von Teck, the last of the Oberndorfer line in 1363, Waseneck Castle with the four villages Altoberndorf, Beffendorf, Bochingen and Waldmössingen passed to his daughter Beatrix and her son Duke Konrad von Urslingen. Duke Friedrich von Teck ( Owener Line) was able to maintain the city. In 1371 Duke Friedrich von Teck von Konrad von Urslingen acquired the Waseneck Castle and the four associated villages and three years later he sold the Oberndorf estate to Count Rudolf III. von Hohenberg, who was enfeoffed with the city by the Abbot of St. Gallen.

In Austrian ownership

In 1381, Count Rudolf von Hohenberg sold his entire county - including the Oberndorf rulership - to Duke Leopold of Austria for 66,000 guilders . 1384–1409 Margrave Bernhard von Baden , who was married to Margarethe, daughter of Count Rudolf von Hohenberg, held Oberndorf and Waseneck as pledge. In 1392, Duke Leopold of Austria pledged the four dominant villages to the Counts of Sulz . They didn't come back to the city until 1462.

In 1410 the city of Friedrich XII. besieged by Zollern and his helpers. The Counts of Württemberg held Oberndorf and Waseneck as pledge from 1416 to 1462.

The whole city including the Michaelskirche burned down to nine houses in 1445.

Earlier modern times

The von Zimmer family

In 1462 the lordship of Oberndorf was given to the barons (since 1538 counts) von Zimmer as pledge . Johann Werner von Zimmer was ostracized by the Emperor in 1488 and lost the Oberndorf pledge, which was awarded to the Counts of Werdenberg . Eight years later, with the help of the Rottweiler, Veit Werner von Zimmer wrested the city from the Werdenbergers in an attack. At the Reichstag of Augsburg in 1504 Oberndorf was finally assigned to the rooms and remained with them until 1594. In the Peasants' War of 1525 Thomas Maier von Vogelsberg , the leader of the peasant heap in front of the forest , tried in vain to incite the Oberndorfers against their masters. In 1540, Christoph von Landenberg made the area unsafe in the Landenberg feud and set fire to Beffendorf and Hochmössingen.

From 1548 to 1563 Count Froben Christoph von Zimmer , author of the famous Zimmeric Chronicle , was the city lord of Oberndorf. In 1559 the women's monastery in the valley was occupied by Augustinian monks .

Again in Austrian ownership

Zimmer's pledge ended in 1594. After the death of Count Wilhelm von Zimmer , the last of his line, Oberndorf fell to the House of Austria . In the following year the citizens of the city paid homage to Emperor Rudolf II as the Archduke of Austria . From 1609 to 1618, Margrave Karl von Burgau , a son of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, held Oberndorf as a fief. The town was largely destroyed in a fire in 1612. 30 houses, including the town hall, were completely destroyed.

During the Thirty Years War from 1632 to 1634, the County of Hohenberg was occupied by Swedes and Württemberg people. In 1635 there was a plague wave on the upper Neckar, as a result of which Oberndorf lost a large part of its population and in 1636 there were only 96 citizens and 11 widows. Until the end of the war, the city had to make contributions to the Hohentwiel , Breisach , Rottweil and Albeck.

In 1652 Archduke Ferdinand of Austria confirmed the town's old rights and freedoms, and in the following years from 1657 to 1764 the Barons of Hohenberg - illegitimate descendants of Margrave Karl von Burgau - held the rule of Oberndorf as pledge.

During the Palatinate War , the city had to make contributions to the French in 1688 and 1689 and was later billeted repeatedly. The city ​​also suffered a lot from billeting during the War of the Spanish Succession . Friedrich Wilhelm von Hohenberg had a fatal accident in 1726 after a feast in the rectory. The pledge went to his widow Maria Charlotta, born in Gleispach († 1764). Between 1740 and 1748 the city was again burdened with requisitions and billeting during the War of the Austrian Succession .

After Maria Charlotta von Hohenberg's death in 1764, the barons of Pflimmern held the rule of Oberndorf as a pledge until 1782. During this time, Johann Franz Meinrad von Pflimmern had a new office building ( Pfalz ) built.

From 1772 to 1779 the Augustinians built a new monastery and church.

In the great city fire in 1780, 87 houses burned down, including the town hall, schoolhouse, rectory, church tower and Dominican convent.

From 1796, during the French Revolutionary Wars , the city had to endure requisitions and billeting. The French general Vandamme retreated through Oberndorf in 1799, which was looted in the process.

19th century

Oberndorf becomes the upper administrative city of Württemberg

Through the Peace of Pressburg in 1805, the Upper Austrian county of Hohenberg came to the Electorate of Württemberg , the rule of Oberndorf was taken over by the current Kingdom of Württemberg in the following year . The Augustinian and Dominican convent was abolished. At that time the city had 1,043 inhabitants and was initially subordinated to the Rottweil District Office. In 1810 Oberndorf itself became an upper administrative city in Württemberg . The new Oberamt Oberndorf included the city of 27 other places. In 1811 King Friedrich von Württemberg set up the Königlich Württembergische rifle factory in the former Augustinian monastery .

Around 1820 a Protestant congregation was formed in Oberndorf . The Latin School was established in 1823 ; the Realschule was added in 1861. In 1837 Wilhelm Brandecker acquired the Schwarzwälder Bote, which had been founded in Sulz two years earlier, and moved it to his hometown of Oberndorf. In a renewed city fire in 1842, 35 houses in the old town were destroyed.

During the German Revolution , several democratic associations were formed in addition to a vigilante group. Individual Oberndorfer took part in the failed uprisings.

In 1852 the need was so great that a soup factory had to be set up. The wave of emigration to America reached its peak this year, with the population of Oberndorf falling from 1,864 to 1,688.

Station with staff 1895

In 1865 the city poor house was converted into a hospital .

industrialization

In 1867, with the construction of the Upper Neckar Railway (also known as the Gäubahn) , Oberndorf was connected to the Württemberg railway network . This gave Oberndorf's industrialization a new impetus. The brothers Wilhelm and Paul Mauser set up their own rifle factory on the Bitze ​​in 1872 and two years later they acquired the Königlich Württembergische rifle factory . In 1895 the population had increased from 2000 inhabitants in 1871 to over 4000 inhabitants.

20th century

First World War and the interwar period

The First World War broke out shortly after the new primary school building in Graub was completed in 1914 . During this war period, the huge expansion of the Mauser works made it necessary to relocate the Neckar, at times over 6000 people were employed here (mostly prisoners of war), and a new workers' settlement was built on the right side of the Neckar. In the years 1915 and 1916 the Protestant town church Oberndorf was built. The combatants from Oberndorf reported in the 14-volume work “Im Völkerringen. The great war. Oberndorfer War Heroes Book ”about their experiences. The renovation of the Michaelskirche in 1925 and 1926 was the first major construction project after the war. In 1934 the foundation stone was laid for the Lindenhof estate, and three years later construction began on the new suburb in the Webertal. During the administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , the district (or until 1934 Oberamt) Oberndorf was dissolved and the city became part of the Rottweil district. A year later, Aistaig with its then 1156 inhabitants and Altoberndorf with 639 inhabitants were incorporated. Oberndorf itself had 6,652 inhabitants at that time. The incorporations were initially reversed in 1950.

During the National Socialist era, there was a Gestapo field service at Kameralstrasse 20.

Second World War

During the Second World War , numerous anti-aircraft units were stationed in the city to protect the Mauser works , including 8.8 cm and 3.7 cm anti-aircraft guns on the heights around the city. In addition, a battery of balloons was moved into the city. In 1941 these units were withdrawn and the Mauserwerke anti-aircraft protection was taken over by a home anti-aircraft battery. The Mauser works constantly employ around 10,000 people, including many foreign civil workers , but also forced laborers . Towards the end of the war, the factories and parts of the city were damaged by bombing. Of the up to 11,000 employees at the Mauserwerke's armaments industry at its peak, over 50 percent were forced laborers towards the end of the Second World War. In total there were around 7,000 forced laborers from 19 nations, around 700 prisoners of war and around 4,400 people in so-called labor education camps in the Oberndorf area ; See also the article Nazi forced labor in the Oberndorf am Neckar area .

post war period

After the Second World War, the city of Oberndorf fell into the French zone of occupation and thus came to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern in 1947 , which was incorporated into the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952. The Heckler & Koch company was founded in 1949 and carried on the gun-building tradition at Mauser.

In 1972 the city acquired the monastery church and the convent building, in which the city administration and the police station were housed. A year later, the city also bought the Swedish building to house its cultural facilities and the workshop.

As part of the municipal reform in Baden-Württemberg , the city of Oberndorf am Neckar was re-formed on January 1, 1975 by the merger of the city of Oberndorf am Neckar with the communities of Altoberndorf, Beffendorf, Bochingen, Boll and Hochmössingen. At the same time, the previously independent community of Aistaig was incorporated into Oberndorf am Neckar.

21st century

With a memorial, which was inaugurated on January 27, 2007, the Holocaust Remembrance Day , the city commemorates forced laborers during the Nazi era. The Rottweiler sculptor Jürgen Knubben has created a book of memories with steel pages on which the 308 forced laborers who died in Oberndorf are named.

politics

City leaders

After 1806, Württemberg introduced the office of mayor elected for life and later changed to the title Stadtschultheiß. In 1930, the official title of mayor was introduced in Württemberg, which is still valid. The mayor is currently elected for a term of eight years.

  • Franz Josef Frueth, from 1819 to 1829
  • Ivo Frueth, from 1828 to 1860
  • Julius Jacob, from 1860 to 1870
  • Franz Sales Günter (1830–1901), Stadtschultheiß from 1870 to 1898
  • Johannes Sulzmann, from 1898 to 1913
  • Kilian Heckler († 1921), from 1914 to 1921
  • Karl Bayer, from 1921 to 1933
  • Paul Fritz, from 1933 to 1944
  • Ludwig Priester, from 1944 to 1945
  • Hermann Zillinger, from April 21 to May 28, 1945
  • Reinhard Winker, from May 28 to July 17, 1945
  • Albrecht Eißler, from July 18, 1945 to November 3, 1945
  • Reinhard Winker, from 1945 to 1946
  • Otto Wissensner, from 1946 to 1975
  • Egon Halter, from 1975 to 1983
  • Klaus Laufer, from 1983 to 1999
  • Hermann Acker, since 1999
Local elections 2019
Turnout: 53.5% (2014: 46.%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
38.3%
28.0%
25.4%
3.4%
4.8%
Gains and losses
compared to 2009
 % p
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
+ 0.7  % p
-7.0  % p
-2.0  % p
+ 3.4  % p
+ 4.8  % p.p.

Municipal council

The local elections on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following distribution of the 22 seats in the local council:

Party / list Share of votes +/-% p Seats +/-
FWV 38.3% + 0.7 8th ± 0
CDU 28.0% - 7.0 6th - 2nd
SPD 25.4% - 2.0 6th ± 0
left 3.4% + 3.4 1 + 1
AfD 4.8% + 4.8 1 + 1

Town twinning

Since 1982 Oberndorf am Neckar is with two communities in Austria and France in twinning connected:

  • AustriaAustriaThe municipality of the same name Oberndorf an der Salzach with 5,600 inhabitants in the state of Salzburg is located directly opposite the city of Laufen in Bavaria , of which it was until 1816, until the Napoleonic reorganization of Europe . The Austrian community is world-famous as the origin of the Christmas carol " Silent Night, Holy Night ", which was performed there for the first time in 1818 and from there went all over the world.
  • FranceFrance Thierville-sur-Meuse is located in the French region of Lorraine ( Lorraine ). The municipality with 3,100 inhabitants borders directly on the city of Verdun . Like this old town and many other villages in the Maas region , Thierville was the scene of one of the cruelest battles of World War I in 1916 .

Both town twinning arrangements are maintained through repeated visits by delegations from the municipal councils. Numerous clubs in the partner cities maintain lively partnerships with one another. The Oberndorfer Gymnasium is connected to the Lycée in Thierville through regular student exchanges.

City coat of arms

Coat of arms Oberndorf am Neckar
 Blazon : "Under a golden shield head, inside a lying black double hook, horizontally and diagonally roughened from gold and black."
Foundation of the coat of arms: Founded by the Dukes of Teck, Oberndorf became a town between 1245 and 1270. The town seal, which was first handed down in 1281, shows two hooks from the shield of the local noble family of the Hacken von Oberndorf. The double hook was also attached to the former city wall as a place symbol and was still used on boundary stones at least in the 17th century. The diamond shield of Teck only appears in the second seal (imprint since 1337) and from then on only formed the city coat of arms until the double hook was added again in the shield head in 1935. Even before the 18th century, legend-like assumptions were linked to its other name, "Wolfsangel".

The coat of arms was newly awarded on April 10, 1979 by the Rottweil district office.

  • Coats of arms of the districts

  • Aistaig

  • Altoberndorf

  • Beffendorf

  • Bochingen

  • Boll

  • Hochmössingen

flag

The city flag is yellow and black (flag already mentioned in 1724).

Culture and sights

Oberndorf is the stronghold of the Swabian-Alemannic Carnival . The Mardi Gras drive is mainly concentrated on Mardi Gras Tuesday. In addition to Rottweil , Elzach and Überlingen , Oberndorf is part of the so-called Four Alliance .

Museums

  • Oberndorf local history museum
  • Weapons Museum Oberndorf

Buildings

Augustinian monastery

Augustinian monastery 1774

The Augustinian monastery was founded in the high Middle Ages. Donated around 1260 by the Dukes of Teck, it was used by the family as an inheritance burial alongside the Church of Owen. In the middle of the 13th century, a monastic community of women settled in the valley and joined the Augustinian order in 1264. The nuns were followed in 1559 - after the death of the last prioress Barbara von Wehingen (1551) - monks of the order. The last nun, Anna von Vöhringen , was assigned to the Kirchberg monastery and in 1557 renounced all claims against Oberndorf. The handover to the male branch of the order, the Augustinian hermits, was carried out by the caste governor and patron, Froben Christoph von Zimmer. After three previous buildings (1281, 1323, 1619/60), the Augustinians built the late baroque four-wing complex with church and convent from 1772 to 1779. The church was built by Christian Großbayer , the stone carvings were made by Johann Georg Weckenmann . In addition to the artistic ceiling frescoes by the painter Johann Baptist Enderle, stucco work by Andreas Henkel gives the monastery church its appearance. In 1810, an arms factory moved into the secularized monastery building , which was incorporated into the Mauser works in 1874 . The former choir flank tower was torn down down to the stump in 1814. The former Augustinian monastery church with its baroque frescoes , renovated in 1978, is a space for cultural events; the former convent building has been used as the town hall since 1972.

Catholic town church St. Michael

Oberndorf parish church St Michael and rectory

In 1272 at the latest - building remains come from an even earlier time - a chapel was consecrated to the Archangel Michael in the upper town . These and subsequent buildings fell victim to various city fires. In its present form, the church is shaped by the renovation and expansion of 1926; the church architect Otto Linder included old elements, especially in the tower area. Three ships of roughly the same size form a cross in the ground plan. The exterior, with its dry stone - masonry seems to be medieval, but the parable -forms of gate and window arches and the jagged frieze under the eaves are forms of Expressionism . Expressionism also characterizes the three-part dome and the barrel vaults inside. The redesign of the altar area and the seating from 1969 takes into account the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council . The subject of the colored glazing designed by Maria Hiller-Foell is the legends of the archangels.

Evangelical town church

Evangelical town church

After the transition to Württemberg, the rifle factory workers who had moved into the once purely Catholic town in front of Austria brought a new evangelical element. A prayer room was set up in the Augustinian monastery church, which was otherwise used as a warehouse. A century later, in 1916, the Evangelical Congregation moved into its own church. Due to its exposed hillside location, the building dominates the image of the city more than the Catholic church. The Evangelical City Church is the work of the architect Martin Elsaesser . He brought medieval-looking patterns, Art Nouveau elements and the slightly reduced formal language of reform architecture in harmony. The church interior is structured as a three-aisled wall pillar church . The transverse barrel vaults of the side aisles stretch the room in width, while the upward sides stretch the longitudinal axis. On the half-height wall behind the altar there are wall paintings by Rudolf Yelin the Elder. Ä. The carving on the pulpit tells the story of creation. The diverse glass paintings by Käte Schaller-Härlin are hardly accessible .

Mountain chapel

The mountain chapel, which Paul Mauser donated in 1910 to replace the Bitzekapelle, is located in the Lindenhof district . The classical round chapel was built by master builder Wilhelm Rohr based on a design by WP Laur. It shows an unmounted crucifixion group of strict imagery.

Old Town Hall

The old town hall Oberndorf in its current form dates from 1783, built in the late Baroque style by the builder of the Augustinian monastery church, Christian Großbayer. Several previous buildings had fallen victim to various city fires. A stone town hall building at this point has been documented since 1497.

As was common in earlier times, the town hall was used to trade in grain, bread and salt; the gates (still visible on the right) led to the bread arbor and the grain pan. Fire extinguishers were stored in the rear and holding cells were set up. Today there is a dining restaurant on the first floor, so that the old staircase with the paintings of the coats of arms of the former city lords is accessible.

The fountain in front of it was older than the town hall. Today's trough and fountain column are replicas of the original fountain from the late Renaissance around 1617 that was destroyed in an accident in the 1970s.

Today the building houses a restaurant, bar and bistro.

Palatinate and city wall

The building was built in 1766 as an office building, also in the late baroque style, when Baron von Pflummer took the Upper Austrian village of Oberndorf as pledge. It is not certain whether the Palatinate , i.e. the royal court mentioned in a document from 912, was actually located at this place . Presumably it was the apartment of the Dukes of Teck. This is confirmed by individual finds and the remains of very massive stone buildings from earlier centuries, which also prove that the area around the so-called Palatinate was inhabited since Carolingian times. It is possible that this early settlement center was surrounded by a wall and a moat. In legal history, this means that the Palatinate court should be understood as a separate peace area in which the truce and the castle law were valid. A little later, the city wall and moat assumed the same function. Immediately next to the Palatinate building you will find the best preserved remains of the city wall. It originated in the late 13th century after the town was raised. The 984 meter long fortification opened at three gates: Obertor, Kirchtor and Mühltörle.

Waseneck Castle

Waseneck Castle ruins

Say

A mold rider is sometimes visible in Oberndorf.

Regular events

Oberndorfer Hansel

societies

The town of Oberndorf and its suburbs have a lively club life with over 100 registered clubs. There are many culturally engaged music and choral clubs as well as sports clubs.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Regional Express in Oberndorf station in 2008

Oberndorf is on the Gäubahn (Stuttgart – Singen) and is a regional express and intercity stop (see IC line 87 ). There are hourly trains to Stuttgart and Rottweil , every other hour to Singen . The Altoberndorf and Oberndorf-Aistaig stops have now been closed.

The federal highway 81 connects Oberndorf in the north with the state capital Stuttgart and in the south with the Lake Constance area and Switzerland . The Oberndorf a. N. is halfway between Stuttgart and Lake Constance. Both destinations can be reached within 45 minutes. The Federal Highway 14 , now national road 424, passes through the town.

Arms craft tradition

The State Councilor and Colonel of the Army of the Kingdom of Württemberg, brother of Justinus Kerner and advisor to the King, Karl Friedrich von Kerner , recommended to the government of the Kingdom of Württemberg at the beginning of the 19th century to concentrate the production of weapons and in the premises of the former Augustinian monastery to settle in Oberndorf, which had served as barracks for several years. From 1811 the monastery buildings were converted into a rifle factory with living quarters. The Neckar drove water wheels , which in turn drove bellows and forging hammers . The rifle factory raised the entire level of craftsmanship in the region. In 1815, the 100 employees manufactured 3,600 rifles, 106 carbines, 3,500 infantry and cavalry sabers. The invention of fiery mercury and thus the primer led to the percussion weapons , which were manufactured in the factory from 1828 to 1866 and also sold abroad.

Wilhelm and Paul Mauser, who were already in service at the Königliche Gewehrfabrik from the age of 14, succeeded in the years 1865 to 1869 with the Mauser-Norris rifle, a significant improvement of the cylinder lock developed by Dreyse . On the basis of this rifle, they constructed the first rifle with self-cocking and wing safety, the M 71 , which was introduced on February 23, 1872 as the first German Reich rifle . In 1872 the Mauser brothers built in Oberndorf a. N. opened their own rifle factory called Mauser and in 1874 bought the Königlich Württembergische rifle factory, which suffered from a lack of orders as a result of this competition and the peace. The royal rifle factory was incorporated into the Mauser works.

Established businesses

Court, authorities and institutions

Oberndorf is the seat of the district court of Oberndorf am Neckar , which belongs to the regional court district of Rottweil and the higher regional court district of Stuttgart. There is a police station in the city that belongs to the Constance Police Headquarters . In addition, branch offices of the Rottweil tax office and the Rottweil employment agency have been set up in the city .

The city is also the seat of the Catholic deanery Oberndorf, which belongs to the diocese Rottenburg-Stuttgart and the deanery association Rottweil-Oberndorf.

health care

The Oberndorf Hospital is an acute clinic with 120 beds in the departments of internal medicine, surgery / trauma, vascular and visceral surgery, anesthesia and gynecology. The hospital trains junior nursing staff in the affiliated school for health and nursing. The Oberndorf aN hospital is part of the SRH clinics network .

Personalities

Honorary citizen

The city of Oberndorf has granted the following people honorary citizenship:

  • Marzell Binder (1802–1883), Dean and Catholic parish priest, on May 25, 1871
  • Paul von Mauser (1838–1914), rifle manufacturer, general manager, council of commerce, on June 14, 1902
  • Adolf Brinzinger (1846–1921), Catholic parish priest, on April 24, 1916
  • Ernst Schwarz (1859–1932), Protestant pastor, on August 27, 1925
  • Hermann Zillinger (1876–1946), General Director of Mauser-Werke, on April 1, 1939
  • Karl Wider (1868–1954), doctor, July 16, 1953
  • Otto Wissensner (1913–2009), Mayor, on August 26, 1975
  • Robert Gleichauf (1914–1992), mechanic, Member of the State Parliament, Minister of Finance of the State of Baden-Württemberg, on December 16, 1977

sons and daughters of the town

Well-known personalities who were born in Oberndorf are listed here.

Personalities associated with the city

Movies

literature

  • Elisabeth Weber: Studies on the history of the Augustinian women's monastery in Oberndorf am Neckar from its foundation to 1559 (approval work) . Tubingen 1962.
  • City of Oberndorf aN (ed.) (1982), History of the city of Oberndorf am Neckar. Volume 1: From the early days to the transition to Württemberg . Published by the city of Oberndorf aN on the occasion of the 1200th anniversary in June 1982. Oberndorf aN: City of Oberndorf aN
  • Franz Quarthal (Ed.): Between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alb. The country on the upper Neckar (= publication of the Alemannic Institute Freiburg i. Brg.) . Sigmaringen 1984, ISBN 3-7995-4034-2 .
  • Oberndorf am Neckar . In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg in connection with the district of Rottweil (ed.): Baden-Württemberg. The country in its circle . 2nd Edition. tape 2 . Jan Thorbecke, Ulm 2004, p. 18-64 .
  • City of Oberndorf aN (Ed.) (2006), History of the City of Oberndorf am Neckar. Volume 2: From the transition to Württemberg until today . Published by the city of Oberndorf aN ISBN 3-00-018395-7

Web links

Commons : Oberndorf am Neckar  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Oberndorf am Neckar  - travel guide
Wikisource: Oberndorf am Neckar  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI: Freiburg region Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 . Pp. 475-479
  3. ↑ Royal Statistical-Topographical Bureau: Description of the Oberndorf Oberamt . H. Lindemann, Stuttgart 1868, p. 162.
  4. ↑ Ingrid Bauz, Sigrid Brüggemann, Roland Maier (eds.): The Secret State Police in Württemberg and Hohenzollern. Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 3-89657-138-9 , pp. 84ff.
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 515 f .
  6. ^ City of Oberndorf - Public announcement of the results of the elections of the municipal council ... on May 26, 2019 , accessed on September 10, 2019
  7. ↑ Klemens Stadler: German coat of arms. Volume VIII: Baden-Württemberg page 82 . With drawings by Max Reinhart. Angelsachsen-Verlag Bremen, 1971.
  8. ^ Rudolf Reinhardt: Churches and monasteries on the upper Neckar . In: Franz Quarthal (Ed.): Between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alb. The land on the upper Neckar . Sigmaringen 1984, p. 352 f .
  9. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / maja.bsz-bw.de
  10. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. In: Baden-Württemberg . II The administrative districts of Freiburg and Tübingen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1997, p. 501 f .
  11. ^ Singer FX: Heimat Blätter vom Ober Neckar, 1925, page 90 .