History of Diefflen
The history of Diefflen has been historically linked to the Nalbach valley communities since it was founded in the High Middle Ages . Diefflen (High German pronunciation: Dieflen; in the local, Moselle-Franconian dialect Dejfeln ) is a village and a district of Dillingen / Saar in the Saarlouis district ( Saarland ) and has about 4700 inhabitants. It lies on the lower Prims , a tributary of the Saar .
As part of the Nalbach Valley High Court, the place belonged to the territories and estates not circled in the Holy Roman Empire . Diefflen left the previous municipal association when it became part of the city of Dillingen / Saar in 1969. The Primstal in the area around the village has been inhabited by people since the Paleolithic Age. The local dialect is part of the Moselle-Franconian dialects and thus belongs to the West Central German dialect association . The traditional form of the Diefflen house is the southwest German Quereinhaus .
history
Prehistory and early history
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Stone age
As numerous archaeological finds prove, the Saar and Primstal were already inhabited by people from the Paleolithic to this day. The Paleolithic is u. a. represented by a hand ax from Hüttersdorf. The oldest evidence of the presence of prehistoric people in the area is the " Ludweiler hand ax ", a stone tool that is around 200,000–300,000 years old. The oldest traces of settlement in the area around today's Diefflen go back to the Neolithic Age . The Nied Valley was inhabited at the beginning of the Neolithic Age (around 5000 BC). Ceramic shards and stone utensils mark the settlement of these oldest farmers and cattle breeders.
Numerous stone axes , also known as "thunderbolts", were found on the Dillinger and Pachtener districts and on the Litermont from this time. In 1927, the Dieffler farmer Johann Nalbach found two stone axes from the Neolithic in the “Grundbirngarten” area (corridor 3, Nalbach district). Stone axes were woodworking tools, certainly also weapons and objects of prestige. The young and end Neolithic axes ( hammer and battle axes) in particular are mostly interpreted as weapons.
In the area of the documentation of these stone axes, the pastor Philipp Schmitt from Dillingen and his friend from Saarlouis judiciary and notary Nicolas Bernard Motte achieved remarkable achievements in the 19th century .
Bronze age
A burial mound with a skeleton grave near Saarwellingen belongs to the Middle Bronze Age. In 1953 a bronze lance tip (length: 15.4 cm, Museum Saarlouis) was found in a gravel pit on the Prims near Bilsdorf. From the late Bronze Age (13th – 9th centuries BC) finds and findings become more numerous. Late Bronze Age cremation graves are known from burial mounds near Niedaltdorf. The flat grave fields with cremation burials typical for this epoch have not yet been found in the area. But from the time soon after 1000 BC There are several hoard finds from the area around the Wallerfanger Limberg, which include numerous metal objects.
In 1850, rich bronze depots from the late Urnfield period (9th century BC) were found near Wallerfangen in the “Eichenborn” and “Lehmkaul” districts .
Iron age
Pastor Philipp Schmitt discovered two burial mounds in the border area of the Dieffler and Düppenweiler community forest on the connecting path between the two places. Schmitt found five more burial mounds in the area of today's Nalbacher Bruchstraße between Prims and Nalbach train station. During the construction of the new school building in Nalbach (since 2013 the town hall of Nalbach) a Roman coin from the 4th century was discovered during the excavation work. In 1931, conservator Klein found a group of burial mounds with swords, knives, vessels and bone ash in the border area between Nalbach and Saarwellingen (hall 5, Saarwellingen district).
On the Limberg a multi-staggered section fortification from the Hallstatt period (8th - 6th centuries BC) was found and at the foot of the mountain a burial ground with a “princess grave” from the late Hallstatt period (around 500 BC), distinguished by gold neck and arm rings .). Other important necropolises of the era are in Saarlouis-Fraulautern, Elm-Sprengen and Gerlfangen. This speaks in favor of a certain central function of space in prehistoric times. A small group of graves from the early La Tène period (480–250 BC) was investigated in Saarwellingen. In Celtic times, today's Dieffler area was under the influence of the Treveri and Mediomatrics tribes .
Antiquity
The Gallo-Roman settlement Contiomagus was located in today's Dillingen urban area . It was created during the settlement phase after the conquest of Gaul by Gaius Julius Caesar from 58 to 51 BC. BC Contiomagus was at the intersection of the highways Metz - Mainz and Trier - Strasbourg , in what is now the district of Pachten. In 275/276 Contiomagus was destroyed and rebuilt in the course of the great migration .
In 1824 Nicolas Bernard Motte discovered the remains of Roman buildings near Bettstadt (hall 7, Römerweg, district Piesbach). It is probably a villa rustica that gradually expanded into a vicus . Traces of fire debris suggest violent destruction. The settlement was on a Roman road that connected ancient leasing over the heights behind Diefflen and Nalbach with a Roman settlement near Lebach.
The most recent finds of the epoch were made in 1976 in Bilsdorf (corridor 5, district Bilsdorf) while dredging a pond at a depth of 2.50 m. These are Roman pedestal stones that formed the foundation of a Roman half-timbered building. In addition, a Roman cult stone (height: 90, shaft: 35 × 35 cm, base and top: 50 × 50 cm) was found in the same area.
A Roman military station on the Litermont is considered secure. The current name of the Prims (Primantia / Bhrimantia) comes from the Gallo-Roman era. Likewise, the name of the Kondelerbach in the north of the Dieffler district probably goes back to Celtic naming.
middle Ages
Diefflen (first mentioned as Dieffendael; today's spelling determined by the royal Prussian decree of January 16, 1858) means "settlement in the deep valley". The place name is a location designation that refers to the lowest located village in the Nalbacher Valley in relation to the Prims. Similarly, the highest place in the Nalbacher Valley in relation to the Prims - Kirchberg - is also a location name, today Körprich. Diefflen was created as a suburb of Nalbach downstream, probably in the area of today's Dieffler village square and on Petersberg.
The old town of Nalbach (dialect: Nôlbach) was first mentioned in documents around the year 950 under the name “Nagelbach” in the Mettlach pilgrimage certificate from Archbishop Ruotbert von Trier . The place name may have originated in pre-Carolingian times. However, the name could also come from the time before the Franconian conquest , which took place in a period from the 5th to the 8th century. The eponymous Nalbach is one of three streams (Nalbach, Fußbach, Etzelbach) that used to flow through the town, coming from the Litermont. Today all these streams are piped and flow into the Prims.
In 1048 the Archbishop of Trier, Eberhard von Schwaben , donated the Nagelbach farm to the Trier Simeonstift . Simeon von Trier , after whom the monastery is named, was born in Syracuse in Sicily , grew up in Constantinople and became friends with the Archbishop of Trier Poppo von Babenberg during a pilgrimage to the Holy Land (1028-1030) . After arriving in Trier together, Simeon had himself walled up in the Porta Nigra as an inclusion , where he worked until his death in 1035. After Simeon's death, Archbishop Poppo ensured that Pope Benedict IX had him in 1036 . was canonized. From 1041 Archbishop Poppo began to transform the Roman Porta Nigra into a church next to which the Simeonstift was built. The donation of the Nagelbach an der Prims farm by Poppo's successor Eberhard was intended to finance the start-up.
The Nalbach Church of St. Peter and Paul was first mentioned in a document in 1154 (confirmation document from Pope Hadrian IV ) and 1179. In the confirmation document of Pope Alexander III. from the Lateran of June 8, 1179, the Trier Simeonsstift is again assured of the possession of Nalbach with its church and its affiliations (“Nahelbah cum ecclesia et suis appendiciis”). “Appendiciis” could mean the suburbs of the Nalbacher Valley, and thus Diefflen as well, without being mentioned individually.
- Historical typefaces of Diefflen
| year | 1324 | 1327 | 1344 | 1393 | 1488 | 1522 | around 1600 | 1623 | 1714 | 1747 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| changed name over the years |
Dieffendaell (spoken: Diefendal) | Diefendal | Diffendaill | Diffendal, Deiffendail, Dyffendail | Deifeln | Dyffendahl and Diffendaill | Dieffeln | Dieffenthal | Diffelen | Diefflen |
In Moselle Franconian dialect, the place is pronounced as follows today: Dejffeln
First documentary mentions
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On April 30, 1324, Diefflen was first mentioned in the Nalbacher Weistum. Here a Jo (hann) es is appointed by Dieffendael as the tenant of the Nalbacher Gutshof and assigned certain duties to the Trier Simeonsstift:
“Arrangement like every year in the Nalbach Valley for the year of the Lord 1324 in trust in God's mercy
It is made known to all people that in the year of the Lord 1324 under the public protection of the clerical dignitary Joes de Pallatiolo (!) And under the supervision of three notaries and witnesses including the scribe, new legal relationships were established for the Nalbach manor. This was agreed upon in agreement with the farm manager after 20 days after the feast of the birth of Christ. She promised the delivery of a woman's dress, also a spider mantle and clothing for two needy inmates, a canon from the St. Simeonsstift in Trier was also present. Orally and through the execution of individual signatures, the following were appointed tenants and assistants for the Nalbacher Gutshof: Thielmann von Bulersdorff (Bilsdorf), the mayor of Betscheidt (Piesbach-Bettstadt), Heinrich III., Called Heinrich von Losheim, Conzoni von Pedesbach (Piesbach), Johannes von Naelbach (Nalbach) and Joes von Dieffendael (Diefflen).
How many hours long the grain fields and pastures can be sprinkled with water, that is determined by two clerics from the St. Simeonsstift, as far as they can be reached, then their deputies or the small spiritual council of the St. Simeonstift. Because the estate manager has no right to promises, unless he tolerates an improvement or later confesses to it.
Every year on Remigius Festival (October 1st) no angler is allowed to catch fish in the waters during the festive season without the permission of two clerics from St. Simeonsstift or their representatives, who can also give permission to those who ask for it. Anyone who catches fish without permission and offers them for sale has to leave two parts of the proceeds to the two collegiate clerics or their representatives and the third part to the estate manager and voluntarily notify them of the fish sale. The fish can be caught with a rod or other equipment during the hours permitted by the manor. Anyone who does the opposite is liable for the compensation.
The approved hours must be observed. The head of the St. Simeonstift should also intervene where it is necessary and see the economic returns over the course of a few days. He should also take his time until he sees his maintenance part.
Everyone is required to contribute to the improvement of the draining water and to remove the dirt with suitable equipment in order to keep meadows and ponds in good condition.
Nobody is allowed to cut wood in the forests without permission. If permission is required, everyone has to saw and split the wood in the valley and then offer it for sale. The proceeds are to be transferred to the shareholders in the usual way. Everyone has to take part in the wood cutting who settles inside the estate without any external compulsion. If two agents or their deputies have the work carried out without the assistance of the property manager, then the property manager does not have to claim a share of the purchase proceeds.
Two clerics of the St. Simeonstift or their deputies or the estate manager determine the foresters who look after the forests. They are required to deliver the yields free of defects and the naturally pure wine to the St. Simeonstift every year. The landlord may not demand any services or gifts from the foresters or forest rangers, nor press them. Likewise, two clerics of St. Simeonstift or their deputies could appoint the tenants, provided that no tenants volunteer. They can also call three or more righteous men and ask them to appear before the monastic authority in Trier. Two ecclesiastical dignitaries or their deputies can choose the tenants from among them, even in the event that the appointed men do not appear before the Trier authority. In these circumstances the manager of the estate is obliged to compel those immediately appointees to obey.
The land manager may not prescribe anything to the tenants and foresters, if they are properly deployed, nor set them down, nor accuse them of wrongdoing. What someone plants in the garden or elsewhere within the houses that border on the manor and what cannot be fully harvested for people or what he lets someone else harvest can be offered for sale.
If someone has sellable wine, he is not allowed to sell it within the estate unless he first notifies the estate manager and his assistants and sells the wine according to their plan. Otherwise the sales proceeds will be collected in favor of the shareholders.
What is sold during the working day has to be paid for in four hard coins. As usual, I believe that the men Bernhard Peter von Nalbach, Mayor Rheiner von Oisburg, Mayor Budilmadus von Reinestelt, Ludwig von Oisburg and Bernhard from the Venichero family are inclined to become tenants in agreement with the two clerical dignitaries. I am also convinced that Friedrich von Krimburg, called Beier, a descendant of the Burgrauy von Krimburg family, called Heinrich Kempe for his courage, and Bonbodeus, called Peter, as well as several other trustworthy men can be appointed. But if, which I do not believe, the calling of Colinus, called the little one, should be rejected out of concerns of individual witnesses, our monastic council deigns the calling of Colinus under the protection of Johannes de Palatiolo (!) With the approval of the clerical dignitaries and under the supervision of three notaries. It is also ordered that the executed document, with the date of the year and day, is hung on the church door in Nalbach in a protected place. So signed: F. † Fxo Joes de Palatiolo "
The Nalbacher Jahresgedinge , which decided the annual wisdom , took place in front of the Church of St. Peter and Paul in Nalbach under a linden tree. The date of these annual things was usually the “Monday after the eighth day of the Three Kings ”. Participants were the provost of the abbey with his accompanying canons of the abbey chapter and a notary, the bailiffs with their mayors, the lay judges, the Hofmeier, witnesses of secular and spiritual status and the farmers of the Nalbach valley. The peasants had previously been invited to the Anniversary by messengers and were obliged to participate.
Diefflen, hall 7, sheet 2, wayside cross at the entrance from Beckinger Straße to Gewann "Fischfeld", the historical "Mansus Piscatorum"
Diefflen, hall 7, sheet 2, view of the Litermont
Diefflen, hall 7, sheet 2, view of the forest edge
Diefflen, hallway 7, sheet 2, wetland with ducks at the edge of the forest
Diefflen, hall 7, sheet 2, Gewann Fischfeld, view of the Kufergrät
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In an older document, which was written between the years 1192 and 1200, a Dieffler field name appears as "Mansus Piscatorum" or "Mansus qui pertinet ad piscationem": Das Fischerfeld (today: Am Fischfeld, Dieffler Flur 7, sheet 2, between Beckinger Straße and Pfaffenweg). This is the oldest written field name in the Nalbach Valley. The reason for the documentary mention was a legal dispute between the St. Simeon Abbey in Trier as landlord in the Nalbach Valley and the Nalbach-based patron Adalbert von Nalbach. Both parties had to reorganize their responsibilities in a contract. On certain days of the week, the fishermen of the Nalbacher Valley had to catch fish for the provost of the Trier Abbey of St. Simeon and the Nalbacher Vogt. In return, the fishing field was left to them to earn a living. The field area presumably also included a courtyard, because the atonement contract said that the bailiff should not have any rights in the provost's courtyard house (“In mansionario domus prepositi nullum ius advocatus debet habere.”). According to later documents, the provost's mentioned courts were all on Dieffler grounds. Based on this, Diefflen could have emerged as an old fishing settlement on the Prims, which used to be very rich in fish.
Bailiwick
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The Nalbacher Tal was a community that was subordinate to several lords. From 1048 the landlord was the collegiate monastery of St. Simeon in Trier's Porta Nigra . The Archbishop and Elector of Trier was the Obervogtherr and sovereign . In 1358, the St. Simeon Abbey in Trier transferred patronage over the Nalbach Valley to Count Heinrich von Veldenz . The elector palatine counts near the Rhine ( Wittelsbach dynasty ) have appeared as co-bailiffs since the 15th century . A first enfeoffment of a bailiff by the Count Palatinate near Rhine (Electoral Palatinate) is documented for the year 1478: Count Palatine Ludwig the Black enfeoffed the knight Heinrich von Rathsamshausen, whose rule lay at the foot of the Odilienberg in Lower Saxony , with the highest and lowest bailiwick. The feudal sovereignty of the Count Palatine near Rhine is likely to be derived from that of the Count of Veldenz hereditary (since 1444). Accordingly, the domain was divided into two bailiwicks. The Electoral Trier or middle bailiwick enclosed the upper village of Nalbach, Bildorf, Piesbach and half of Bettstadt. The Electoral Palatinate Bailiwick consisted of two half bailiwicks, which were regionally separated by the middle bailiwick. The highest bailiwick consisted of Körprich and half of Bettstadt. The lowest bailiwick consisted of Diefflen and the Nalbacher Unterdorf up to the Fußbach. This bailiwick formed a legal unit and was given as a fief to under-bailiffs from the lower landed gentry.
The bailiffs exercised the high judiciary and therefore called themselves high judges.
The middle or Electorate of Trier bailiwick (Oberdorf Nalbach, Bilsdorf, Piesbach and half of Bettstadt) was subordinate to the following bailiffs over the centuries:
| Years | Bailiff |
|---|---|
| Late 12th century | Adalbert von Nalbach |
| Late 13th century | Boemund, Knights of Nalbach and Sirsperch |
| before 1327 - 1331 | Rudolf von Nalbach |
| 1331 - after 1350 | St. Simeon's Abbey |
| before 1357 - 1364 | Johann von Eiweiler (son-in-law of Rudolf and Boemund von Nalbach) |
| 1364 - before 1378 | Johann von Eiweiler |
| before 1378 - 1450 | St. Simeon's Abbey |
| 1450-1478 | Johann von Criechingen |
| 1478 - before 1514 | Heinrich von Hunolstein |
| before 1514 - before 1536 | St. Simeon's Abbey |
| before 1536 - 1798 | Kurtrier has withdrawn the fief and has it administered by the respective bailiff von der Grimburg as governor |
| Early 16th century | Johann von Metzenhausen (bailiff of the Grimburg) |
| End of the 16th century | Johann Zand von Merl (bailiff of the Grimburg) |
| Early 17th century | von der Leyen (bailiff of the Grimburg) |
| Mid 17th century | Wolf Heinrich von Steinkallenfels (bailiff of the Grimburg) |
| Late 17th century | Karl Kaspar von Britzky (bailiff of the Grimburg) |
| Early 18th century | von Schmidtburg (bailiff von der Grimburg) |
| Mid 18th century | Franz Georg Freiherr Zand von Merl (bailiff of the Grimburg) |
The uppermost and lowest or electoral Palatinate bailiwick (Diefflen, Körprich, half of Bettstadt, Nalbacher Unterdorf to Fußbach) was subject to the following bailiffs over the centuries:
| Years | Bailiff |
|---|---|
| before 1327-1336 | Nicholas of Kastel I. |
| before 1344 -? | Rupprecht of Saarbrücken |
| before 1388 - before 1405 | Nicholas of Kastel II. |
| before 1405 - before 1425 | Johann von Lewenstein I. |
| before 1425-1439 | Johann von Lewenstein II. |
| after 1439 - before 1478 | Madder from Saarburg |
| 1478 - after 1509 | Heinrich von Ratsamshausen |
| before 1514 - after 1522 | Heinrich von Harancourt |
| before 1522-1527 | Jacob of Harancourt |
| 1527 - before 1545 | Johann Ludwig Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (co-bailiff Johann von Braubach) |
| 1548 - after 1560 | Alexander von Braubach |
| after 1560-1633 | Wilhelm Marzloff of Braubach |
| 1633 - circa 1664 | Electoral Palatinate manages the fief itself |
| after 1664–1681 | Charles Henri Gaspard de Lénoncourt-Blainville |
| 1681-1697 | Under the administration of the Réunionskammer in Metz |
| after 1697-1711 | Electoral Palatinate manages the fief itself |
| 1711-1750 | Johann Wilhelm Ludwig von Hagen on the moth |
| after 1750–1791 | Karl Emmerich von Hagen and his brother Johann Hugo von Hagen |
Early modern age
Early modern witch trials
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With the beginning of the early modern age, the witch craze spread in Diefflen and the surrounding area, which raged particularly heavily in the years 1570 to 1634. Especially the ducal Lorraine chief judge Nikolaus Remigius achieved notoriety for the extermination of the supposed witches and devil worshipers. In what is now Saarland, there is evidence that around 500 people were involved in a witch trial.
At the time of the trials, high judges in the Nalbach Valley were the Lord of Dillingen and the Trier bailiff of the Grimburg. The accused were arrested by the High Court Meier and handed over to the landlord's Meier. This led the accused under guard in the Dillingen castle . In Dillingen Castle, all interrogations, witness hearings and torture were then carried out within 45 days (six weeks and 3 days). If the accused could not be convicted during this time, the high judges had to bear the additional costs. That is why the aim was always to make a “short process”.
In the event of a confession, the date of execution was set on the Nalbacher Galgenberg. On the day of the execution, the convicted man was taken by the Dillinger riflemen to the Dieffler ban border (today the Jewish cemetery) and there handed over to the Nalbach riflemen. The delinquent was then driven on a cart by the two groups of rifles via Diefflen to Nalbach, where he was publicly exhibited in the pillory. After a public reading of the verdict, the delinquent was taken to the Galgenberg and killed there. The Nalbacher Straße "Am Gälgesberg" still reminds of the place of execution.
The following witch trials in the Nalbach valley, to which Diefflen belonged, are documented today:
- 1575: and 1591/1592 several people from the Nalbach Valley / unknown outcome of the proceedings
- 1595: a man (Theisen Johann alias Keuch Johann, Schöffe in the Nalbach Valley) from Diefflen
- 1595: a woman (Schmits Anna) from Piesbach
- 1602: a man (Ciriakus) from Körprich
- around 1605: a man from Piesbach (Heinsen Michel) and a woman (the old Kremers) from Körprich
- 1609: a man (Eschen Peter) from Diefflen, who, in addition to the charge of sorcery, allegedly also had sexual relations with his horse and was therefore executed together with his horse. Everything needed to kill the horse was specially made, since according to the custom of the time, no one would have used or even touched a tool that an executioner had used for normal work.
- 1611: a man and a woman from Körprich / unknown outcome of the proceedings
- 1602: Accusations against Lentz Theis from Nalbach and Michel from Bilsdorf
- 1611: Accusations against Laucas from Körprich and his wife as well as Meier from Nalbach and his wife
In the trial against the Nalbach aldermen Theisen Johann (alias Keuch Johann) he had stated during the torture that the Körpricher Hoxberg was the local meeting point of the witches of the Nalbach valley. Here the magic meeting would have forged the diabolical plan to “spoil all grain on earth.” The Reimsbacher Heide and the Singbrunnen near Düppenweiler were given as further alleged meeting points in the area. The Litermont is not mentioned in any of the files as a meeting place for witches.
Execution of the executions (burning alive or after execution) was carried out by an executioner (messenger) from Roden , since Nalbach did not have his own executioner or messenger for torture or execution.
Thirty Years' War
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Between 1618 and 1648 there was severe devastation in Diefflen and its surroundings by French and imperial troops in the Thirty Years' War , especially in the last phase of the war from 1635. In addition, there were famines and epidemics. The surviving remnants of the population barely had a livelihood.
In 1635, the pastor from Nalbach had to flee in the chaos of war, and the parish remained vacant for ten years. From 1645 to 1647 the Nalbach parish of St. Peter and Paul was co-administered by the Dillingen pastor. The entries in the Schöffenbuch were torn down until 1643.
In a population census from 1667 by the Siersberg office, 15 households are recorded for Dillingen and 16 for leases. For the Nalbacher Tal, to which Diefflen belonged, only 47 households were counted according to the report of the Nalbacher Maier to the Trier Elector from 1664/65 (loss of 65% of the pre-war population). The Dieffler Höfe Heisterbach and Heynschiet (between today's Nalbacher district Bierbach and the Dieffler settlement) and Heuchlingen (between Diefflen and Nalbach) fell in the Thirty Years' War.
Absolutism in the 17th / 18th centuries century
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Diefflen under the rule of the Palatinate
Diefflen, as part of the Nalbach Valley, was withdrawn from Lénoncourt between 1699 and 1711 as the last Lorraine bailiff in the Nalbach Valley and placed under the self-administration of the Electoral Palatinate .
Diefflen under the rule of Hagen zur Motten
In 1711 Diefflen, which belonged to the Electoral Palatinate Bailiwick of the Nalbach Valley (with Körprich, half of Bettstadt and the Unterdorf in Nalbach), was given a baron by the Palatinate Elector Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz (also known as "Jan Wellem"; 1658-1716) Johann Wilhelm Ludwig von Hagen zur Motten ( La Motte Castle ) as a man's fief and since 1714 as an inheritance. This feudal relationship remained under Johann Wilhelm's successor, Karl III. Philipp von der Pfalz and Karl Philipp Theodor existed until the French Revolution . In 1718 the Hagensche inheritance was recognized as imperial direct rule. The Hagens tried to gain a foothold in the Nalbach Valley as early as the late Middle Ages. A first attempt in 1411 had failed. Johann II von Hagen had to release the people he captured from the Nalbach Valley and was forced to promise to compensate for their damage. He also had to undertake never again to take action against the manorial rule of the Trier St. Simeon Monastery in the Nalbach Valley. For the year 1532 a process between Heinrich IV. Von Hagen and the monastery St. Simeon for grazing rights is documented. Only after the Lorraine branch of the von Hagen family held the provost office of St. Simeon's monastery from 1598 to 1669 did the relationship improve. On June 14, 1665, the elector and arch-treasurer Karl Ludwig Pfalzgraf assured the Rhine Johann Heinrich II. Von Hagen in a letter that his subjects in the Nalbach valley owed only the imperial tax and had nothing to pay to the Duke of Lorraine or the imperial knighthood.
In the 1720s the dispute broke out again between the Lords of Hagen and the St. Simeon Abbey. On July 28, 1722, the monastery had its rights vis-à-vis the barons of Hagen notarized on the basis of old wisdom. Thereupon Johann Wilhelm Ludwig von Hagen forbade his subjects in 1724 to participate in the memorial of the monastery. The dispute went to the Imperial Court of Justice in Wetzlar in 1727 . The conflicts smoldered until the death of Johann Wilhelm von Hagen in 1750. It was not until 1782 that a comparison between the conflicting parties was able to resolve the dispute. This settlement came into force on August 2, 1784. In the agreement, the monastery recognized the elector of Trier and the barons of Hagen as the sole sovereigns and regulated the legal aspects of the exercise of power in numerous points.
Economic factor "Dillinger Hütte"
In 1685, the French king had Louis XIV. Granted permission in his new role as chief feudal lord of the rule Dillingen Marquis Charles Henri Gaspard de Lenoncourt-Blainville to build an ironworks in Dieffler neighboring Dillingen, the Dillinger Hütte . Since then, the history of Diefflen has been shaped by the history of the Dillinger Hütte .
Growing influence of the French crown
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When the Duke of Lorraine and Bar (from 1729–1737) and thus feudal lord of Dillingens and leases, Franz III. Stephan (1708–1765), who married the imperial daughter Maria Theresa in 1736 , had to do without Lorraine and Bar on February 13, 1737 and was exchanged for Franz II. Grand Duke of Tuscany (1737–1765) and from November 21 1740 co-regent in the Habsburg hereditary lands and since 1745 as Franz I Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. By diplomatic agreement between the emperor and the French crown, Stanislaus I. Leszczyński , the father-in-law of the French king Louis XV., Was now appointed Duke of Lorraine and Bar.
With the death of Stanislaus I. Leszczyński on February 23, 1766, France took control of Lorraine and thus also of Dillingen and leases. Thus, the state border between the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was congruent with the boundary between Dillingen and Diefflen.
As a baptized Jew, the Dillinger feudal taker Tailfumyr set up a Jewish cemetery on the border with Diefflen in the Dillinger Forest in 1755 (today's Dieffler Strasse "Am Babelsberg").
In connection with the border shift following the loss of the Duchy of Lorraine, the Elector of Trier, Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony, wanted to purchase the Tholey Abbey and parts of the Schaumburg Oberamt, which had fallen to France as Lorraine possessions, in order to incorporate them into the Trier monastery. In return, he offered France its shares in the four-rule Lebach and in the Nalbach Valley. The exchange of territory, through which the Trierian possessions in the Nalbach Valley would have fallen directly to France, failed because of France's rejection.
Emigrations
After the imperial troops had managed to gradually oust the Turks from the Hungarian area at the end of the 17th century, the aim was to secure the recaptured land by settling Germans. Emigration to Hungary and western Romania was promoted and encouraged by the imperial government by promising emigrants land ownership and personal freedom. This population policy also reached the area on the Rhine , Moselle and Saar in the 18th century . Approx. 5250 emigrants from the central Saar area went to the central Danube . A similar process took place when, after the partition of Poland in 1772, Galicia fell to the Habsburg monarchy . In the 1780s, 1,424 people moved from what is now Saarland to Galicia.
Due to the poor living conditions in the Nalbach Valley, around 1750 there was a wave of emigration to Hungary, which had been depopulated by the Turkish wars . The emperor's government in Vienna tried to recruit new settlers for the devastated areas in the Hungarian lowlands . With the promise of free arable and building land, building material, seeds and planting material for grain and wine, tax exemption in the first years of settlement, free transport with food and medical care from the collection points to Hungary, people who want to emigrate should be found. The Saar region made up a not inconsiderable part with its more than 5000 emigrants. At that time, the Nalbacher Tal released 96 residents from toddlers to old people. 36 emigrants came from Nalbach, 34 from Piesbach, 20 from Körprich and 6 from Bilsdorf. It is not yet known whether and how many emigrants Diefflen provided. The emigration began around 1750 and continued until after 1780. Main thrusts were in 1751 and 1766.
Diefflen at the time of the French Revolution
As everywhere in French territory, in the run-up to the revolutionary year 1789, there were protest meetings against the prevailing conditions of the Ancien Régime in Dillingen, Lenten and Saarlouis and complaints, the so-called Cahiers de Doléances , were written in which the subjects felt oppressive Complained about feudal privileges.
Diefflen in the Revolutionary Wars
With the outbreak of the coalition wars in 1792 and the declaration of war by revolutionary France on Austria and Prussia , the Dieffler area temporarily became a theater of war. Prussia and Austria, who had already decided on joint action against revolutionary France with the Pillnitz Declaration in 1791 , advanced, but had to retreat across the imperial borders after the cannonade of Valmy . Austrian troops under Blasius Columban von Bender besieged the French positions and the Saarlouis fortress in the Dieffler area ( Nalbacher Tal, Düppenweiler , Lebach ) . Individual advances were also made against Dillingen.
When Dillingen was occupied by the Austrians, the Dillinger Hütte , which was demolished as a French armaments factory, and the paper mill were destroyed. Hagensche Castle near Lebach was looted by French troops during the fighting. In the following year, 1794, France achieved the breakthrough through the Austrian positions at Merzig and Weiskirchen and the electoral residence city of Trier was conquered. Elector Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony was able to flee beforehand.
On October 17, 1797 Diefflen, as part of the Nalbacher Tales, like all left-bank territories in a secret additional articles of the Treaty of Campo Formio , between France, represented by Napoleon Bonaparte , and the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. Was closed, France slammed.
The peace ended the First Coalition War begun by France on April 20, 1792 . An official regulation of this border shift was made at the Rastatt Congress (December 9, 1797 to April 23, 1799), which, however, was not regularly ended due to the outbreak of the Second Coalition War .
After the conquest of the German territories on the left bank of the Rhine by the French revolutionary armies in 1794, Diefflen became part of the newly created Département de la Sarre (German Saardepartement ) from 1798 onwards . Under international law, the assignment took place through the Peace of Lunéville on February 9, 1801 . The Saar department stretched from the northern Eifel near Blankenheim to what is now Saarland . Most of the 4935 square kilometers area was previously part of the Electorate of Trier . Within the Saar department, Diefflen belonged to the arrondissement of Saarbrücken and the canton of Lebach . The prefecture of the Département de la Sarre was in Trier .
The administration was subsequently rebuilt according to the French model, and French legislation was introduced. That meant the end of the high court Nalbacher Tal and the elimination of the manor and the bailiwicks, including the bailiwick borders. Local government and judiciary were henceforth separate. The Nalbacher Meier and Hochgerichtsmeier lost their offices. Serfdom, feudal taxes and compulsory labor were abolished. In 1802, the St. Simeon Abbey in the Porta Nigra , which had owned the Nalbach Valley since the donation of the Archbishop of Trier, Eberhard von Schwaben , in 1048, was dissolved. The last Hofmeier of the St. Simeon Abbey in the Nalbach Valley was Jakob Spur (c) k.
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Since the Middle Ages there had been a manor house in Bilsdorf , which was owned as a feudal estate by the respective bailiff, the Bilsdorfer Hof. The respective bailiffs leased this farm. The farm is mentioned in a document in the interest register of the Nalbach Valley from 1514 to 1522. This courtyard can be seen on a sketch from 1735. There is a clear distinction between the village and the Bilsdorf farm. The village is on the Electorate of Trier, the farm on the Electorate of the Palatinate. The Bilsdorfer Hofstrasse still indicated the historic courtyard. With the death of Johann Hugo II von Hagen in 1791, who had served as President of the Imperial Court Council at the imperial court in Vienna , the property of the main line fell to his three sisters. Anna Maria Charlotte von Hagen received the Bilsdorfer Hof. On July 10, 1806, Anna Maria Charlotte von Hagen had the Bilsdorfer Hofgut auctioned off with its residential buildings, barns, stables, outbuildings, fields, meadows and gardens. This brought numerous lands in the Nalbach Valley under the hammer, which were auctioned off to local residents. In Diefflen, the auction affected properties in the "Auf der Scheif", "Auf der Zipp", "In der Schlung", "In der Gaul" and "In der Not" categories. The auction brought in a total of 6,071 guilders.
19th century
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Incorporation into the Kingdom of Prussia
After Napoleon Bonaparte had been forced to abdicate, was with the Bourbon Louis XVIII. the first Treaty of Paris concluded on May 31, 1814, according to which France was restricted to the state borders of 1792. The German-speaking Dillingen and leasing should therefore remain with France.
After Napoleon's return and his final defeat at Waterloo on June 18, 1815 as well as his exile on the island of St. Helena , Dillingen and leases were separated from France in the Second Peace of Paris and handed over to the Kingdom of Prussia ( Rhine Province ).
Several petitions from merchants from Saarbrücken and St. Johann and a signature campaign under the leadership of Saarbrücken Mayor Heinrich Böcking , which aimed to join the Saarorte to the Kingdom of Prussia , played a not insignificant role.
Under Emperor Franz I, Austria preferred an expansion of Prussia to western Germany rather than anywhere else. By gaining territory for Prussia in the west, the aim was to prevent Prussia from expanding to include the Kingdom of Saxony. Austria did not want to take an opposing position against the reinstated rule of the Bourbons in France, as they hoped for a good relationship with the traditional dynasty and shied away from unnecessary burdens.
Thus, with Prussian agreement, an agreement between England, Prussia, Russia and Austria was reached on November 3, 1815, during the peace treaty in Paris, according to which additional territories in the Rhineland were to fall to Prussia. The border correction to the disadvantage of France should take place on the Saar. On November 20, 1815, the Allies signed the second peace treaty with France in Paris, which established the Prussian-French border in the area of the central reaches of the Saar. So the French King Louis XVIII. renounce all sovereignty and property claims for the urban area of today's Dillingen (excluding Diefflen).
During a stay in Saarbrücken, on November 27, 1815, State Chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg granted the Appellate Councilor Mathias Simon, who was in the Prussian service and who had previously acted as a judge in Trier, the power to use the new area under the title “Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine” for Prussia to take possession. Dillingen and leases were owned by Simon together with the area around the Saarlouis fortress on December 2, 1815 as part of a celebration in the Saarlouis church of St. Ludwig in the possession of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. taken:
"I, the undersigned, Königlich-Prussischer Oberappelations-Rath in the Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine, power of the above power of attorney, Royal Prussian Commissioner, to take possession of the areas, places and places ceded by France to Prussia, and until the definitive organization with the upper administration of these areas, Oerter and places, commissioned.
After today, December 2nd, seven o'clock in the morning, the solemnity of the taking of possession was announced by the ringing of the bells, (I) went to the main church at 10 o'clock, where the Lord Mayor of Saarlouis, along with his alderman, and all members of the magistrate, then all other public officials, had gathered.
The Royal Prussian Major General von Steinmetz , the commanding general, in the areas, places and places ceded by the peace treaty of November 20, were also present, along with their general staff.
The Royal Prussian military present in Saarlouis had come under rifle and the celebratory procession was accompanied by the vigilante guard and their music.
I, the undersigned Royal Commissioner, with the consent of the Major General von Steinmetz, High Born, read out the above power of attorney from the State Chancellor, Prince von Hardenberg Your Highness, and informed the assembly of my mission.
Immediately the Lord Mayor and all members of the Magistrate, in their own name and as representatives of the residents, were committed to the new sovereign, Sr. Majesty, King Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia and his successors.
A separate written act was drawn up in this regard and signed by all members of the magistrate.
The whole gathering sounded three cheers for the new sovereign.
Accordingly, in my capacity as Royal Commissioner, and with regard to the taking of possession of the Saarlouis fortress in agreement with Major-General von Steinmetz and his presence, I declared that the real taking over of the city and fortress of Saarlouis, and all other places Cantons of Saarlouis and Rehlingen, and Sirck of the Moselle department, which by the peace treaty of November 20, ceded by France, and according to the special agreement reached between Prussia and the other allied powers, the states of Sr. Majesty the King of Prussia, of my most gracious lord, are incorporated, in the name of His Majesty the King of Prussia, be accomplished; decreed that the royal. Prussian coats of arms are placed on all town and community halls; and the inhabitants of the city and fortress of Saarlouis, and of the other ceded areas, places and places, expelled to the subjects of loyalty and duty against the new sovereign.
A Te Deum sung by the Catholic clergy and the Gebät Salvum fac regem for the preservation of His Majesty the King of Prussia, the new sovereign, concluded this solemn act.
The current possession and seizure protocol is to be printed and, instead of the possession and seizure patent, posted in the city and fortress of Saarlouis, and in all ceded communities, places and squares.
This is what happened in Prussian Saarlouis, December 2, 1815. The Royal Commissioner Mathias Simon "
Diefflen, which belonged to the Nalbach mayor, was no longer part of France after the first peace in Paris. It was subordinate to an Austrian-Bavarian regional administration commission, which was installed on January 16, 1814 with its seat in Kreuznach . This was intended as a provisional solution, as it had not yet been conclusively clarified which power Diefflen (with the other villages in the Nalbacher Valley) would fall into as part of the reclaimed German areas on the left bank of the Rhine. The Habsburg-Lothringen and Wittelsbach dynasties wanted to keep the area as a bargaining chip in order to protect the Kingdom of Saxony under Friedrich August I from being taken over by the Hohenzollerns. On site, this meant that the eastern ban border of Dillingen and Lenten and the western ban border of Diefflen were the state border for more than a year.
Bavaria under King Maximilian I Joseph received the entire Palatinate through the State Treaty with Austria of April 14, 1816, but had to surrender the Salzburger Land to the Austrian Empire to compensate . On July 1, 1816, the plenipotentiaries of the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Bavaria on the one hand and those of the Kingdom of Prussia on the other hand signed the so-called territorial equalization patent in Worms , in which Austria and Bavaria ceded territories to Prussia and the former subjects and civil servants from theirs Discharge from duties.
For today's district of Saarlouis, Diefflen and the entire Nalbach Valley, Saarwellingen, Hüttersdorf, Bettingen and Lebach came from the subjects of the Emperor of Austria, Franz I , to the subjects of the King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm III. :
“After, in accordance with Art. 6 of the Paris on November 3rd, 1815 between the Allied Powers regarding the territorial adjustments made by Sr. Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty to His Majesty the King of Prussia, which by virtue of Art. 51 of the Act of Congress Sr State districts assigned to the Imperial and Royal Majesty in the former Saar departments , namely: the cantons Saarburg, Merzig, Wadern, Tholey, Ottweiler, the part of the canton Lebach ceded by France in 1814, the remnants of the cantons Conz, (including the formerly belonging to the forests department on the right bank of the Moselle) Hermeskeil and Birkenfeld, as well as the cantons Baumholder and Grumbach, the latter with the exception of the localities Eschenau and St. Julian, furthermore the canton St. Wendel, with the exception of the localities Saal, Niederkirchen, Bubach, Marth, Hof and Osterbrücken, finally the villages of Schwarzerden and Reichweil, which were previously part of the canton of Cusel he, Pfeffelbach, Ruthweiler, Burg-Lichtenberg and Thal-Lichtenberg, have been assigned with reference to the provisions set out in Art. 49 of the proposed congress act; Thus authority received from the undersigned and in the name of His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, all clerical and secular civil servants belonging to the administration of said countries, as well as all subjects of these districts of their previous service and subject duties are herewith solemnly released. His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty will never forget the loyalty and devotion shown to you and your family by the honest inhabitants of the lands that have now been ceded. In leaving them with the most vivid wishes for their future well-being, you expect from their hitherto proven way of thinking that they will be devoted to His Majesty to the King of Prussia and His royal house with equal loyalty and obedience. Done in Worms, on July 1st, 1816. Wilhelm von Droßdik, "
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In the name of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Baron Franz Edmund Josef von Schmitz-Grollenburg took possession of the new areas and thus Diefflen:
"After the announcement issued today by the KK Austrian Mr. Hofrath and General-Commissioner von Droßdik those parts of the country of the former Saar department are precisely designated which, as a result of the agreement concluded between the highest courts, mean the King of Prussia Most gracious gentleman, with full sovereignty and ownership, I hereby take the power of the power of attorney, and in the name of Sr. K. Majesty of Prussia (sic!), possession of the cantons mentioned (...). And prescribe:
1. That the above announcement is to be printed and posted publicly in all the communities of the cantons and localities mentioned on the community houses, or where there are none in the country, on the churches.
2. If the mayors are hereby instructed to immediately ensure that the Prussian eagle is attached to the town hall and community halls as a sign of sovereignty (sic!); every other coat of arms, however, which might indicate a foreign suzerainty, would be removed, from which it goes without saying that this must be done without destroying public monuments of art or antiquity.
3. For the time being, all public authorities and officials continue their official duties in the same way as before, those who have a seal are kept, adorned with an eagle, and with the lettering and inscription K. prussisch x. (Name of authority and place).
4. From the date of the publication of this announcement, all judicial colleges, judges and notaries will issue the executive Clausel, its judgments and files in the name of the Sr. Majesty of the King of Prussia.
5. The swearing-in of every public official employed in the districts taken over, both clerical and secular, should be carried out by signing two copies of a written oath made out in accordance with the attached form A. a copy will then be sent back to him with the note that the deposit has been made.
6. The very highest ordinance for wearing the Prussian national cocarde dated February 22nd, 1813, is to be printed out and publicly posted with the present announcement under lit. B. for everyone's news and consideration.
7. Special orders will soon be issued on the day of homage and the details of the institutions that are due when the business of establishing the boundary is ended and the posts are erected.
8. A separate ordinance will be issued immediately on the higher administration of these cantons, municipalities and localities that have been taken over, until then all sub-authorities have to contact me in Birkenfeld as the temporary seat of administration.
This is what happened in Worms, July 1st, 1816. Baron von Schmitz Grollenburg, the K. Prussian Government of Koblenz, Director of the 1st Department, and Knight of the Red Eagle Order III. Class."
Diefflen, as part of the Nalbach Valley, came under Prussian administration on July 1, 1816 from the Ottweiler district to the Saarlouis district. According to the 1821 census, Diefflen had 83 houses, 89 households and 455 inhabitants.
Administrative changes
From 1821 to 1829 Diefflen was administered by the mayor's office in Fraulautern in personal union, as the Nalbacher Tal community, consisting of six villages (founded as a legal form in 1815), could not raise the administrative costs for the mayor's office. From 1830, the administration of the mayor of the Nalbach Valley passed from Fraulautern to Saarwellingen (personal union) and lasted until December 31, 1899.
On April 25, 1854, the three Dieffler members of the Samtgemeinderat of the Samtgemeinde Nalbacher Tal applied for the dissolution of the Samtgemeinde and the separation of their lands. This was also justified by a request to the district president in Trier : “The poverty of the localities has become the mockery and proverb of the area. Because everything is still communal, there is no ennobling of the land and the profit is therefore very small, and there is no blessing on it (...) Because wealth is the highest blessing in life, it would drive poverty out of the country and thereby morality and morality refined and the place Diefeln (sic!) put in the situation to rise from the dust. "
The community separation was then decided on September 1, 1854 with 7 against 2 votes of the Nalbacher joint council members and approved on June 16, 1858 by the King of Prussia , Friedrich Wilhelm IV., At Babelsberg Castle . The mayoral administration remained in Nalbach and until 1899 in Saarwellingen . (It was not until 1969 that the mayor's office was separated from Nalbach and incorporated into the city of Dillingen Saar.) In the wake of industrialization, Diefflen changed more and more from a farming village to a workers' residence with part-time farming.
Village fire in 1876
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In a major fire on August 13, 1876, most of the village burned down as a result of a devastating summer drought. The majority of the buildings were still thatched, the kitchens were used to cook with open fires, and the barns were filled with grain and hay after the summer harvest, providing plenty of food for the spreading flames. Over 40 houses with barns and stables as well as animals were completely destroyed. An aid committee made up of politicians, industrialists and journalists addressed the population in newspaper appeals in order to collect donations for the care of the village population and for reconstruction.
Early 20th century
First World War
During the First World War, 111 Dieffler men were killed as soldiers on various fronts.
Diefflen in the time of National Socialism
Political conditions during the rule of the League of Nations
Due to the Peace Treaty of Versailles , Diefflen was spun off as part of the Saar area on January 10, 1920 from the German Reich and the Free State of Prussia and placed under the League of Nations . Diefflen only returned to the German Reich economically on February 18, 1935 and politically on March 1, 1935 after the referendum of January 13, 1935.
Referendum in 1935
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In the referendum on January 13, 1935, 90.5% voted in favor of annexation to the German Reich in the Saar area, 91.19% in the Saarlouis district, 89.67% in the municipality of Dillingen (status quo 9.71%, France 0, 61%).
For the entire municipality of Nalbach, to which Diefflen belonged, the voting results of January 13, 1935 were as follows:
- Eligible voters: 6,191
- Votes cast: 6,140
- Valid votes: 6,105
- White ballot: 23
- Invalid ballot papers: 12
- Voted for affiliation with the French Republic: 13 (= 0.2%)
- Voted for the status quo: 705 (= 11.6%)
- Votes for the return to the German Reich: 5,387 (= 88.2%)
The result of the vote resulted in anti-fascists being driven into immediate emigration. The Dieffler citizen Nikolaus Schneider fled to Spain, where he fought in the international brigades against the fascist Franco regime . Other members of the opposition were imprisoned in the Flossenbürg or Dachau concentration camps.
Even in the run-up to the referendum, immediately after the so-called seizure of power on January 30, 1933, attempts by the NSDAP began in Diefflen to harass their opponents while the League of Nations was still in government. The Dieffler pastor Johannes Josef Rath, who opposed the NSDAP negatively, was soon in the focus of the NS local group Nalbach. Gottfried Paquet, "Leader of the National Socialists of the Nalbach Mayor", wrote a letter to Pastor Rath on October 16, 1933:
“I feel compelled (comma sic!) And obliged to draw your attention to some presumptions (sic!) On your part, which I will most emphatically reject in the following. I have received complaints about you on various occasions that you, as a clergyman, interfere in matters that are absolutely none of your business and for which you are not responsible. As I was informed, you made a kind of derogatory comment about our young girl organization (sic!), Which one cannot expect even the most wicked of. If you are of the opinion that the honorary title BDM ( Bund Deutscher Mädchen ) should perhaps be called Bund Dummer Mädchen (sic!), Which you confirm by addressing it on the school blackboard in front of your religious students, I would like to point out that you are not a few insulted honest and decent young girls, but instead proclaimed a tremendous degradation of the National Socialist idea. (...) Incidentally (sic!) I receive messages every day in which your disparaging point of view about the New Germany is expressed. I assume (sic!) The right to reject you into the barriers of your activity. You apparently still live in the world of thought of the last 14 years if you believe (sic! Without comma) to have to pursue politics according to the points of view of the past. Unfortunately, the political activity of the clergy has completely postponed its intended purpose. We can only thank God that the concluded Concordat deprived them of this unworthy activity for their class. If you cannot imagine what is new today, the future will force you to do so. Your further actions and measures (sic!) - failure of Caritas to work on the winter relief organization of the NS Volkswohlfahrt - will on the other hand be judged, as will your (sic!) View of the duration of the current government will certainly change over the years . In conclusion, I would like to emphasize once again that I will keep your special opinions well in mind for the future. (…) Hail Hitler! Signed Gottfried Paquet, OGVL (stamp of the National Socialist DAP Saarlouis, Gau Saar) "
In Diefflen there was initially no independent local group of the NSDAP. The Dieffler NSDAP members organized themselves through the NSDAP local group Nalbach, which included the entire district. The first local group leader was Gottfried Paquet, who from 1938 also acted as an official inspector at the Nalbach office. It was not until 1935 that a local Dieffler group was formed. The first local group leader was Franz Bohlen, who had married into a Dieffler butcher family. Due to irregularities in the use of party funds, he was removed from office in the summer of 1938. His successor was Albert Kallenborn, a clerk at the Nalbach office. When he was drafted into the Wehrmacht in the autumn of 1940, Kallenborn was no longer able to take up his post and was represented by the hut employee Mathias Paulus until 1945.
Overall, the Dieffler NSDAP membership list comprised several hundred, mostly male, party members. Before 1935, a group of the SA had been founded under Leo Schroth. Schroth's first political action after the referendum campaign of 1935 was the public burning of a doll that was supposed to represent Max Braun , the 1st chairman of the Saar-SPD. The group Deutsches Jungvolk , the Bund Deutscher Mädel and the Hitler Youth set up a youth home in the old school building in Wiesenstrasse (currently the location of the fire station) after the Nazi takeover of power in the Saar area and organized fanfare parades through the village almost weekly. After the forced closure of the Dieffler monastery kindergarten, an NSV kindergarten was set up in the old school building in 1939 . Weekly house collections of the organizations Winter Relief Organization of the German People and National Socialist People's Welfare were carried out by party members and relieved the state budget of social spending through their donations .
Immediately after the annexation of the Saar area to the German Reich in 1935, the democratically elected municipal council was dissolved and the mayor Peter Reiter dismissed. The local council and mayor, now called mayor, were no longer elected, but determined by the NSDAP according to the so-called “leader principle”. The council only advised the mayor, who was able to make decisions independently. The first NSDAP mayor of Diefflens was the journeyman butcher and general goods dealer Hermann Greilach, who came from Einöllen . In 1938 Greilach was arrested for embezzlement, corruption and enrichment in office, suspended and sentenced to six months in prison. His successor in office was Johann Feld.
After the NSDAP came to power in 1935, the activities of the Catholic associations in Diefflen were severely restricted and ultimately stopped entirely. The first major conflicts with the Catholic parish were sparked by the request of the local NSDAP to claim the church war memorial chapel built in 1929 next to the church (currently the location of the Lourdes Grotto) for propaganda party stagings for Heroes' Remembrance Day in 1935. When Pastor Johannes Rath prevented this, the church council was asked to remove large-format Christian symbols ( Christ monogram and Mary monogram ) from the retaining walls that flanked the church square open stairs, as Nazi marches were to take place on the church square, which was now renamed “Adolf Hitler Square” . When the Dieffler church council refused and wrote several letters of protest, the Nalbach mayor called on November 6, 1936 for the last time to remove the Christian symbols within 24 hours. After the church council showed no reaction, the religious symbols were knocked off the walls on November 7th under the supervision of the local police authority. Since the signs were still visible, the mayor had both retaining walls completely re-plastered later.
Raids in the rectory were supposed to wear down the church's opposition. Under political pressure, from the school year 1937/1938 in Diefflen, the confessional school was converted to the "German Community School". The school crosses in the classrooms had to be hung from the front and were now hung over the entrance door. Religious instruction in school was banned from Easter 1937 and was only allowed to take place in the afternoon in the parish hall behind the church. The school management and several teachers of the Dieffler elementary school denounced the local pastor Johannes Rath in 1938 because of his anti-Nazi attitude after a tip from students. But since the teachers Maria Blaß, Änny Lehnert and Martin Baumann spoke credibly for Rath during interrogations, the complaint came to nothing. Kaplan Josef Zilles was reported during the first evacuation in 1939/1940 and due to the Heimtückegesetz (law against insidious attacks on state and party and for the protection of party uniforms), all critical statements allegedly affecting the welfare of the Reich, the reputation of the Reich government or the NSDAP seriously injured, criminalized , imprisoned for 13 months. He was then called up as a medic in the Russian campaign and has been missing since the spring of 1944.
Two years earlier, in 1937, the rector of the Dieffler monastery, Trappist father Hubert Terstegge, was denounced because of the content of his sermons. On October 9, 1937 to March 9, 1937, Terstegge was imprisoned in Saarbrücken without a trial or judgment for offenses against the "Heimtückegesetz". He was only able to resume his work in the Dieffler monastery in July 1937.
In the Dieffler elementary school, Rector Jakob Reichrath, who was also a member of the SS , brought Dieffler schoolchildren on a National Socialist and anti-Semitic course in lessons, at roll calls as well as in the context of marches and flag raising. Reichrath also acted as the head of the local NS youth organizations. A geological dissertation submitted by Reichrath to the University of Greifswald did not lead to a doctorate. Nevertheless, Reichrath held the academic title of doctor from 1935 to 1937 . His educational activity in Diefflen ended when he joined the Wehrmacht in May 1939. Vice-Rector Gustav Jenner directed the pre-military education of male students. As a neo-pagan alternative to the Christian baptismal sacrament, teacher Albert Dohr organized several National Socialist "baptism celebrations" under the large oak tree at the Dieffler Jewish cemetery.
Politically motivated street renaming
After the reorganization, the new municipal council decided in 1935 under Mayor Hermann Greilach to immediately rename the streets politically motivated: Dillinger Straße and Nalbacher Straße (Nalbacher Kirchenweg) to “Straße des 13. Januar”, Grabenstraße to “Befreiungsstraße”, the church square in "Adolf-Hitler-Platz", the Wiesenstrasse in "Strasse der Deutschen Front " and the Strasse Im Rosengarten in "Hindenburgstrasse".
Housing development
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In 1936, in cooperation with the Saarpfälzische Heimstätte GmbH settlement company, 20 one-and-a-half-storey homes in two model types (9 houses with integrated stable area and feeding room, 11 houses with separate stable area and feeding room) in the vicinity of the clay pits were built far from the village center in the area of the plateau zone (corridor 3) . The ground floor contained the kitchen, living room, laundry room and toilet. Bedrooms and storage space were in the converted attic. The specialty of the houses was that they all had water connections and electricity. The houses with a large garden area were intended to enable their industrial workers and their families to be self-sufficient in preparation for World War II. The original plan was to build 90 homes. Due to the preparations for war and the beginning of the Second World War, the expansion of the plant was no longer pursued.
The Jewish community
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In 1934, before the pro-German referendum on January 13, 1935, the Jewish cemetery on the border between Diefflen and Dillingen was desecrated for the first time . On November 9, 1938, the Dillinger SA and members of the NSDAP met on the occasion of the celebration of the (failed) Munich Hitler coup of 1923, in order to subsequently set fire to the Dillingen synagogue on the so-called Reichskristallnacht . There was humiliation and mistreatment of the few remaining Jews in Dillingen and their homes and businesses were demolished. Again the Jewish cemetery in Diefflen was desecrated. The Dieffler cattle dealer Moses Weiler and his wife Paula were torn out of their house on Petersberg in the middle of the night in sleeping clothes by Dieffler SA members Erich and Richard Heidenreich. When Paula Weiler was publicly insulted as a "Jewish pig" in front of the crowd, a neighbor tried to intervene and put her own coat around her shoulders to protect her.
The Jews still living in Diefflen were forced to move to Nalbach after the November pogrom. On October 22, 1940, they were deported to the Gurs concentration camp .
In March 2013 stumbling blocks were laid in Diefflen for three former Jewish citizens:
- Julia Weiler was born on August 2, 1887 in Diefflen as the daughter of the merchant Bernhard Weiler and his wife Therese (née Levy). Julia Weiler, like her sister Martha, her cousin Josephine and her uncle Samuel, was one of the 134 Saarland Jews who were deported to the French Gurs camp on October 21 and 22, 1940 as part of the Wagner-Bürckel campaign and interned there. She was later taken to the Drancy internment camp near Paris , from where she was deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp on Transport No. 18 on August 12, 1942 . Her sister Martha and her cousin Josephine were in the same transport. Her uncle Samuel died a few days after the deportation on October 31, 1940 in the Gurs internment camp.
- Martha Weiler was born on February 24, 1899 in Diefflen. After internment in the French Gurs camp, she was later transferred to the Drancy internment camp near Paris, from where she was deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp on August 12, 1942 on Transport No. 18. Her occupation as a seamstress was indicated on the transport list.
- Moritz Weiler was born on June 26, 1889 in Diefflen. He was the brother of Julia and Martha Weiler. When he was arrested, he was living in Bautzen, Saxony . On January 21, 1942, he was deported from Leipzig / Dresden with 772 other people to the Riga ghetto . The train arrived there on January 24, 1942. Moritz Weiler was killed in the Riga ghetto in 1944.
Slave labor
During the war, 2000-3000 forced laborers from the occupied areas were conscripted at the Dillinger Hütte in Dillingen . These forced laborers were housed in several detention centers under inhumane conditions. In 1962 a collective grave was laid out in the back of the Jewish cemetery in Diefflen for dead forced laborers and their children who were born in the camp and died soon after their birth.
War preparations
Westwall construction
In the run-up to the planned war, the construction of the Siegfried Line began in 1937 , the line of which runs from the Belgian border to Switzerland. Several bunkers are still visible in the town today. In the area of the Primstal, the battle facilities were given a particularly deep staggering, as it was believed that the traditional traffic route drawn from the Nied and Prims valleys could encourage military opponents to force a breakthrough here.
Local bypass
A new road was built in 1937/1938 between Lebach and Dillingen via Körprich, Bettstadt, Piesbach, Nalbach and Diefflen (local bypass road) for the planned transport of war material and troop units towards the German-French border. The road section between Nalbach and Körprich had already been expanded to resemble a lake between 1850 and 1860. A road surface made of gravel and sand was applied with a steam roller. The street was then laid out as an avenue of fruit trees. An asphalt surface was first applied between the two world wars. Over a length of 1.8 km the road in the Dieffler district was deliberately built like a dam into the floodplain zone of the Prims. In addition to its traffic and military function, the road embankment should also serve as a protective wall against strong floods of the Prims. The material that was needed to fill the dam was partly obtained by dredging the slope over which Düppenweilerstraße originally ran so that building land was also available for several houses in this area. The owners of the properties affected by the road construction in the Primsaue were, as in the case of the river regulation of the Prims, expropriated without compensation.
Prims regulation
To protect the bypass road from flooding of the Prims, a large-scale Prims regulation was introduced between Dillingen and Michelbach from 1935. The bank reinforcements from 1893/1894 had been breached by floods. Regulatory measures were also taken in 1929 to stabilize a large loop of the river and remove a bifurcation in the river. At that time, the community had set up a lido on the bend in the river. In 1937, the straightening work on the river in the southwestern part of the Dieffler district was completed. The measures had gained 90 ares of arable land. The owners of the properties affected by the river regulation were expropriated without compensation. Young men from the Saarwellingen Reich Labor Service Camp and from the Dillinger camp “Irminsul” (today at the Dillinger Stadium on the White Cross) were used for the construction work.
The later resistance fighter of the White Rose group , Willi Graf , also worked in Diefflen from April to October 1937 after graduating from high school at Saarbrücken's Ludwigsgymnasium before he began studying medicine in Bonn . In the course of the regulation work, the old lido had to be abandoned and a new one was created. By the summer of 1938, the regulation work was pushed up the Primsaufer direction Nalbach. Using excavators, an evenly deep and wide river bed was created. The excavation was used to build a bank wall on the right bank, that is, the bank facing the place. The left bank was stabilized with paving stones and steel reinforcement. To reduce the flow rate, two small dams were sunk in the river bed of the Prims. The ford was expanded and a pedestrian walkway was installed, which, however, was damaged several times during the subsequent floods. It was replaced by a concrete bridge after World War II.
Bunker construction
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Taking into account the military-geographical aspect, ten bunkers were built in the municipality of Diefflens from 1937 onwards by private building contractors and Reich labor servants from the Düppenweiler , Erhaben and Dillingen camps . Two systems were built in the floodplain zone (monastery grounds), eight on the plateau (1 artillery observation post bunker on the western crag of the "Auf der Zipp" area, seven bunkers between Bierbach and Pachtener Wald in the slope area of the Kondelerbach valley). Four Pak stands were at the Jewish cemetery. In addition, hump lines were created as tank barriers and barbed wire obstacles . The owners of the affected properties were not asked for their permission.
In May 1938, around 500 civilian Siegfried Line workers came to Diefflen from all over Germany within a few days. They were initially housed in the large halls of the “Heckmann” inn on Düppenweilerstraße and “Brünnet” (currently the location of the Dieffler parish hall) and in barracks. Gradually, they were then placed in private households. The Westwall workers were looked after by the NSV and the DAF . The bunkers were involved in the fighting in 1939/1940 and 1944/1945. After the Second World War, most of the facilities were blown up. Externally, the two systems in the monastery grounds and the system on the Zipp were completely preserved, the latter being covered with earth. However, the military equipment of the bunkers is no longer available. A completely reconstructed Westwall bunker ( Westwallbunker (leases) ) can be viewed in the Dillingen district of Lenten.
sports ground
From 1937 onwards, a sports field was laid out on the Bawelsberg to train young people to defend themselves. As early as 1927, there had been a sports area at the slag mill, opposite the Jewish cemetery, which, however, was within the Dillinger district.
Beginning of the Second World War and first evacuation
With the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, the complete evacuation of Diefflen was forcibly ordered as part of the clearing of the Red Zone on September 1, 1939. The residents had to leave their homes within a few hours. For Diefflen, salvage areas were different places in Thuringia and Saxony . Most of the population returned to their homeland in the second half of July and August 1940.
After the French campaign , which was victorious for the German Reich , from September 1940 about 40 French prisoners of war were housed in the building of the Dieffler Strandbad an der Prims. The men had to do forced labor for Dieffler farmers and craftsmen. The forced laborers were picked up at the camp by their employers in the morning and brought back in the evening. The camp, which existed until the end of 1944, was surrounded by a barbed wire fence and was guarded by armed personnel. Other French, Serbian, Croatian, Soviet and Polish forced laborers were employed at Dillinger Hütte. Ukrainian girls worked in Dieffler households. Dead forced laborers were buried in the back of the Dieffler Jewish cemetery.
During the Second World War was the Dieffler citizens Herbert Kunz (1915-1998) in March 1943 as a fighter pilot with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross , a stage of the Iron Cross , which on 1 September 1939, on the occasion of the invasion of Poland by Adolf Hitler again had been donated. During the time of National Socialism , the approximately 7,000 holders of the Knight's Cross, the so-called "Knight's Cross bearers", were considered admirable heroes and enjoyed the highest degree of reputation and popularity generated by Nazi propaganda . At the instigation of the NSDAP, the Diefflen community organized a public “triumphal procession” through the village on the occasion of the awarding of the Knight's Cross to Kuntz, followed by a celebration in the large hall of the Heckmann Inn. Kuntz inscribed himself in the parish book of honor. In a speech he admonished “all national comrades” to prove themselves worthy of the fighting front through restless work so that the final victory would be assured.
Second evacuation
As a result of the Allied invasion of northern France on June 6, 1944, the front moved towards Diefflen from the west from mid-November. To stop the American tanks in their march to Germany, were in the fields on the western border of the empire, through which the West Wall of the retired, ski jump prescribed. In the district of Diefflens, a tank ditch was dug from the Jewish cemetery over the slag dump of the Dillinger Hütte on the other side of the Prims to the Rodener Heide. The weeks of work that were carried out with shovels and spades had to be carried out by the Dieffler civilian population in forced labor. The work was supported by the Hitler Youth and the RAD. As the danger of the approaching Allied troops drew nearer, a second evacuation of the population was ordered at the end of November 1944, which was carried out at the beginning of December 1944. This rather haphazard evacuation was no longer supported by all sections of the population. Hundreds of residents preferred to wait for the expected end of the war on site and hid themselves in bunkers, cellars or rock tunnels along Dillinger Strasse, Düppenweilerstrasse and Nalbacher Strasse during the numerous bomb attacks and the constant US artillery fire from Wallerfanger Limberg into the Primstal.
Front area
In the 1930s, Diefflen belonged to the zone that had been designated by the military strategists of the Nazi regime as a direct deployment and combat area against France. It would therefore have been inevitable to create the necessary shelter for the population. But this did not happen at first, be it that the propaganda considered something like this inopportune, or be it that there was not enough time because of the hasty development of political events. Only when the war fate began to turn against the German Reich due to the air superiority of the Allies, new rock cellars were built or existing ones were expanded on a private initiative as well as by the authorities. In particular, the Wehrmacht and the Reich Labor Service created four large tunnel systems near the elementary school in Dillinger Strasse . Several ammunition and crew bunkers were built in the loop in connection with the defensive positions installed there. The system of shelters dug into the sandstone was ultimately dimensioned in such a way that in the winter of 1944/1945, when Diefflen was in the area of the main battle line, around 1,800 civilians lived in the rock cellars for more than three months.
In the late afternoon of November 27, 1944, Diefflen was first attacked by US artillery from the heights west of the Saar. Until March 1945, Dillingen, Pachten and Diefflen were battle zones and suffered severe damage during this time.
On March 15, 1945, the US troops launched an offensive, the so-called Operation Undertone , which aimed to conquer the Saar-Moselle triangle. The 7th and 3rd US Army and parts of the 1st French Army were able to break through the main belt of the Western Wall on March 19 . On March 17, 1945, the 65th US Infantry Division prepared to break out of the Saarlautern bridgehead , while the 261st US Infantry Regiment crossed the Saar near Menningen and tried to take the ridge south of Merzig in order to strike against Dillingen can. On March 18, the attempt by the 65th US Infantry Division to break out of the Saarlautern bridgehead failed . However, through this attempt to break out, the US infantry regiments 259 and 260 were able to improve their position in the bridgehead so that the 261st US infantry regiment managed to occupy Diefflen on that day, coming from the direction of Düppenweiler.
On July 10, 1945, the US troops were relieved by French occupiers.
215 German soldiers who had been killed in the battles for Dillingen, Pachten and Diefflen were buried at the Diefflen cemetery, 197 at the Dillingen forest cemetery and 314 at the Reimsbach cemetery .
Regarding the Dieffler population, 273 of the 3759 inhabitants (as of 1939) died as fallen and missing as well as 33 civilians. The degree of destruction in the community of Diefflen was 30%. About 60% of the municipal area of Dillingens with leases was destroyed in the Second World War.
The loss of US troops in the fighting around Dillingen was high: 239 killed, 924 wounded, 440 missing and 1,000 soldiers incapacitated due to illness.
A Dieffler community member was sentenced as a member of the SS-Totenkopfverband after the Second World War by a French military court to a prison term of several years, which was served in the military prison in Wittlich . Other party comrades were temporarily imprisoned in the Theley internment camp .
After the Second World War
Street renaming after the collapse of National Socialism
After the collapse of National Socialism, an attempt was made to erase all memories of the Nazi era in the townscape. Numerous streets were renamed. The following were renamed Diefflen:
the “Straße des 13. Januar” in “Dillinger Straße”, the “Befreiungsstraße” in “Grabenstraße”, the “Hindenburgstraße” in “Im Rosengarten”, the “Adolf-Hitler-Platz” in “Kirchplatz”, the “Straße des January 13 "in Nalbacher Strasse" and the "Deutsche-Front-Strasse" in "Wiesenstrasse".
Referendum on the Saar Statute 1955
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With the entry into force of the Saarland constitution on December 15, 1947, Diefflen became part of the Saar state . On October 23, 1954, the agreement between the governments of the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic on the Saar Statute was negotiated between the German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and the French Prime Minister Pierre Mendès France . Until the conclusion of a peace treaty with Germany, the agreement provided for the Saarland to be subordinate to a commissioner from the Western European Union . This should represent the country externally. However, the Saarland government should continue to be responsible for internal affairs and the economic connection to France should be maintained. However, closer economic networking with the Federal Republic was also planned.
In the referendum on the Agreement on October 23, 1955 on the European Statute of the Saarland , Diefflen voted as follows: 1151 (44.3%) eligible voters voted yes; 1447 (55.7%) eligible voters voted no. The other sub-communities of the Nalbacher Valley voted as follows:
- Nalbach: 569 (30.0%) eligible voters voted yes; 1,322 (70.0%) eligible voters voted no.
- Piesbach: 392 (37.6%) eligible voters voted yes; 649 (62.3%) eligible voters voted no.
- Bilsdorf: 247 (45.7%) eligible voters voted yes; 293 (54.2%) eligible voters voted no.
- Körprich: 229 (25.0%) eligible voters voted yes; 689 (75.0%) eligible voters voted no.
Thus, within the Nalbach valley communities, Diefflen was the place that supported the agreement second most strongly behind Bilsdorf, and Körprich the place that rejected it the most. The Saarland national average of yes-people was 32.3%, that of no-people was 67.7%. The negotiations that followed and the Luxembourg Treaty of October 27, 1956, in which France agreed to the reintegration of the Saarland under West German sovereignty , Diefflen became the Federal Republic politically on January 1, 1957 and economically on July 6, 1959 ("Day X") Germany attached.
Street renaming after the end of the Saar state
With the annexation to the Federal Republic of Dillingen, numerous street renaming from the time of the French-dominated Saar state were reversed. In Diefflen, at the suggestion of the “German Homeland Federation”, which had been politically successful against the Saar Statute propagated by the Saar state government under Prime Minister Johannes Hoffmann , a street on the settlement in “Deutsches Eck” was named.
Merger with the city of Dillingen / Saar
The plan to incorporate Diefflen into Dillingen dates back to the early 1920s when Camille David was mayor of Dillingen. Even then it became clear that Diefflen would develop from a farming village to a purely workers' community whose tax strength would not be sufficient to cope with larger tasks. Only in the period after the Second World War were these plans taken up again in 1951 and 1959, but were then not pursued any further.
Negotiations between a commission of the Dieffler municipal council and a commission of the Dillingen city council also led to no result in 1963/64. After further negotiations in the years 1967–1968, Dieffler commission member Josef Jost-Reiter (1926–2017) presented a “draft for the area change agreement between the city of Dillingen / Saar and the community of Diefflen”. The municipal councils of Diefflens and Dillingens voted in 1968 for the implementation of the agreement, which was confirmed by the Saarland state government under Prime Minister Franz-Josef Röder on July 19, 1969. This made Diefflen the third district of Dillingen on August 1, 1969. The area covered 5.04 km² and had 4298 inhabitants at that time.
In connection with the Saarland municipal reform in 1974, the Saarland Ministry of the Interior under Minister Ludwig Schnur proposed that the Bierbach and brickworks in Nalbach should be added to the Diefflens district, as their development is directly connected to the Diefflens. In a public survey, however, the residents of the two settlements decided with 65 votes to stay with Nalbach, 7 people were in favor of Diefflen, and two votes were invalid.
Stream of refugees from the GDR
In connection with the collapse of the socialist system in the German Democratic Republic in 1989/1990, there was an influx of former GDR citizens who were also quartered in Diefflen by the Saarland State Office for Foreigners and Refugee Matters in Lebach . Emergency quarters were set up in the former main school wing of the primary school.
Mining damage
The coal mining of Deutsche Steinkohle AG in the Primsmulde coal field ( Saarbergwerke AG's three-site concept since 1988) also resulted in numerous mining-related earthquakes in Diefflen . From the Primsmulde Süd area, the company extracted well over half of its coal production in Saarland at the time. It employed around 3,500 miners there.
With the turn of the year 2007/2008 the frequency of the earthquakes increased noticeably. On January 3, 2008, an earthquake with a magnitude of 3.4 on the Richter scale was measured. The vibration speed, which is important for assessing the consequences, was 42.3 millimeters per second. On February 23, 2008, a collapse in the Primsmulde Süd mining field caused the largest earthquake in the history of Saarland. At a depth of 1,500 meters with the epicenter Bilsdorf , the quake reached a magnitude of 4.0. The rock's oscillation speed reached up to 93.5 millimeters per second. According to the police in Saarbrücken , there was property damage to buildings. The quake could be felt in the entire Saarlouis district. The protest movements against coal mining in the Primsmulde, which had been going on for some time, reached their peak immediately afterwards. As a result, on February 23, 2008, the Saarland state government under Prime Minister Peter Müller ordered a mining stop for the Saar mine . Hard coal production in the Saar mine ended on June 30, 2012 and thus after several centuries the hard coal production in Saarland ended.
On September 15, 2014 there was a mining-related earthquake with a magnitude of 2.7 in Primstal, which was also felt in Diefflen as an explosive bang. The epicenter was in the area between Saarwellingen and Bilsdorf. However, the RAG rejected allegations that the shock was a result of the rise in pit water. (According to the RAG, the quake was strongest in Saarwellingen with a vibration speed of around 3.6 millimeters per second. The vibration speed at the Primsmulde shaft was 7.5 millimeters per second.) The cause of the quake was in the area of the former Primsmulde mining area located at a depth of about 1400 meters.
Population development
The hamlet of Diefflen had only 14 houses in 1522, about 200 years after it was first mentioned in a document, and it was dominated by agriculture. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) marked a major turning point in population development. While 130 houses were recorded in the entire Nalbach Valley before the war, there were only 47 after the war. In the first quarter of the 18th century, the number of people in the lower Primstal must also have been low, because in a document from 1724 it was closed read that 52 people from Nalbach, 27 from Diefflen and Bettstadt, 14 from Piesbach, 8 from Körprich and 11 from Bilsdorf were invited to the Nalbacher Jahrgeding.
An increase in the population seems to have started in the second half of the 18th century. According to the map, in 1780 a larger clearing of approx. 150 hectares in the northern part of the Dieffler district for the purpose of gaining agricultural production area can be determined. In addition, the felled wood was also used for the production of the Dillinger Hütte, which was founded in 1685, and the copper ore mining in the neighboring municipality of Düppenweiler, which began in 1725. These two pre-industrial companies needed workers that could not be covered by the existing population in the area. So the copper ore mine was forced to recruit 300 workers from Saxony and Bohemia . The Dieffler population increase at the turn of the 18th to the 19th century is probably due not only to the natural increase, but also to migration in the environment of the emerging industry.
According to a list of residents in the Nalbach Valley, Diefflen counted 54 families in the middle of the 18th century and covered an area of 503 hectares. The landlord was still the St. Simeon Monastery in Trier. Naumann refers to the archive files of the Münchweiler holdings and names 65 Dieffler households for the year 1747, six of which were widow households, who only had to pay half of the usual estimate of twelve Albus (knight pennies) and two chickens. The households of the Meier and the court messenger were tax-free . The Hagens subjects had to do labor. In 1779 there were only 56 taxable households in Diefflen. Hagen's property included two meadows between Diefflen and Nalbach. On November 21, 1747, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig von Hagen allowed the Nalbach shipbuilder Wilhelm Heyn to build a grinding mill in Diefflen on the Prims, which, however, should not hinder shipping on the river. The property was certified to the Heyn family for an annual fee of 12 malters of grain and a pig for three generations.
Despite the turmoil of the French Revolution and despite the massive troop levies under Napoleon , the Dieffler population rose to around 350 at the beginning of the 19th century. The population doubled by the middle of the 19th century. The population density increased in the same period from approx. 69 inhabitants / km 2 to approx. 143 inhabitants / km 2 . From this it can be concluded that the only moderately profitable Dieffler agriculture was no longer an option alone as an employer and employer. In the middle of the 19th century, with the beginning of spring, numerous Dieffler men hired themselves out as seasonal workers commuting on a daily basis in the shipbuilding of the Fraulauterner or Rehlinger shipyards or at the Dillinger Hütte . With the increase in population in the 19th century, even steeper parts of the slope and ridge zone were partially transformed into terraces and used as fields and hay meadows. Likewise, the number of houses in and around the old town center increased by two and a half times in the first half of the 19th century.
From 1802 until it was incorporated into the city of Dillingen / Saar in 1969, Diefflen's population developed as follows due to industrialization:
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Moselle-Franconian dialect
After the end of Roman rule in the 5th and 6th centuries, the Germanic conquest began. This migration movement was carried out by the Franks in what is now Saarland and far beyond .
Franks and the native Gallo-Roman population mixed linguistically and culturally over the course of time. In the west of the Franconian settlement area the Gallo-Roman language dominated , in the east the Franconian language . In between, a language barrier developed up to the 9th century . The majority of the West Franconia later merged in the French and Walloon people , while the West Franconians on the IJssel and the Lower Rhine as well as the Moselle and Rhine Franconia retained their Franconian dialects until modern times and in the German , Dutch , Lorraine , Luxembourg and Flemish groups opened.
The Franconian character of the Saarland population can still be recognized by the language. However, the Frankish-speaking world has experienced since the Middle Ages changes from the Upper German area, the so Rheinische subjects developed, the linguistic transition area from the Lower Franconian about Ripuarian and Mosel Franconian to the Rhine Franconian . A border line of the Rhenish fan, the "dat-das-Linie", runs through the Saarland. It separates the Moselle Franconian area from the Rhine Franconian area and runs roughly from Völklingen to the northeast in the direction of St. Wendel. In modern times, the influence of the Upper German on the Saar area increased again. The south-eastern parts are more heavily overlaid with Upper German than the north-western parts. On the trade route Kaiserslautern-Saarbrücken-Metz, the Upper German pushed through the territorial expansion efforts of the Electoral Palatinate from the 14th century to the 16th century in a narrow wedge through Central German. Saarbrücken, as the urban center on the central Saar, first picked up the incoming linguistic material and passed it on to its hinterland. At the Trier diocesan and territorial borders, the influence of the Upper German was blocked more strongly. Even through the change in language in the wake of industrialization, the standardization of the linguistic area towards the Palatinate context has not yet been achieved. Influenced by the Alemannic language area , the change from “-st” to “-scht” (firm to fescht) or the standardization of the plural endings of the verb in wir, ihr, sie may have started. Instead of “you” it says “you”. This “you” has probably resulted from the opposite position “you have” or “you are allowed” through incorrect separation, so that on both sides of the Saar it means “you are allowed” and “you are allowed to”.
The Dieffler dialect ("Dejfler Platt") belongs to the southern Moselle-Franconian dialects due to the historical arrangement of the Nalbacher Valley to the Archdiocese of Trier and is therefore a West Central German dialect . It can be assigned to the Middle Franconian dialects . The development tendency of inclusion in the Palatinate context, which was given by the influence of the Wittelsbach dynasty in the Nalbach valley since early modern times, has not yet occurred, which is most clearly shown by the course of the "dat-das-Linie" / "wat-was- Line ”. In Diefflen the “dat” / “wat” is predominant. Diefflen is located south of the dut-dot line (high German “tot”), the fest-feschd line and the so-sa line (high German “sag”). With regard to the Schaff-Schank-Line (High German "Cabinet"), the Korf-Korb-Line (High German "Korb"), the distilled-burned line, the kal-cold-line, the bestallt-ordered line, who knew -know-line, the dir-ihr-line, the leïf-ran-line (high German "dear") as well as the us-uns-line (high German "us") lies north. The endings on -en are pronounced and not shortened to -e as in Rhine-Franconian (i.e. snow instead of snow).
Diefflen with its Moselle Franconian dialect belongs to the area of the Upper German past tense shrinkage , which means that the past tense has been completely replaced by the perfect tense .
The naming of the gooseberry (Latin Ribes grossularia; French largeille) shows the borderland position to the Romance language area. In Diefflen it is called Drooschel, because the "G" of the Latin or French name has become "D". The butterfly (lat. Papilio, French papillon) is also called “Bupbenweller” in the traditional Dieffler dialect. The strong influence of French, especially since the 18th century, can also be seen in the use of terms such as plafond (ceiling), sidewalk (sidewalk), plumeau (blanket), fissääl (from French ficelle; German rope), buddick (im Meaning of disorder from French boutique = general store), dussma (from French doucement = gentle, gentle) u. Ä.
Sliding on an ice rink is called "Schleimern" (in the Trier area: schliedern; on the lower Saar: Schliwwern; in the Saarbrücken area: "worse").
Several literary publications and sound recordings by the dialect poet and singer Hans Walter Lorang , who grew up in Diefflen, are available on the Moselle Franconian Dieffler dialect .
Traditional house shape
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Due to the historical effects of war and fire, Diefflen has no medieval or early modern buildings.
Before the devastation of the Thirty Years' War, the region mainly had so-called litter farms in half-timbered construction. The center of these courtyards was a larger building with a living room and stables, around which several separate farm buildings such as a barn, cellar, bakery etc. Ä. Scharten. The Dutch War and the Reunion Wars of Louis XIV further damaged the village building stock, so that the rural population was only gradually able to initiate reconstruction towards the end of the 17th century. Numerous new residents had meanwhile immigrated from regions that were far away, such as the Netherlands, France, the Allgäu and northwestern Switzerland. This "republication" was launched by the regional feudal lords. In the 18th century, the previous half-timbered construction was replaced by the fireproof stone construction. Even fences in front of the house were exchanged for walls, wooden cross troughs for stone ones. During this time, the stove prevailed against the previously open hearth fire.
The traditional house form of the Dieffler farmhouses of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century can be assigned to the type of the southwest German cross-unit house . It is a single house that combines the living and utility rooms of a rural business under one roof with a continuous ridge. The house type is closely related to the Lothringerhaus , which also developed after the devastating wars of the 17th century and took the place of scattered individual farmsteads. The roof pitch of the Lorraine farmhouses is quite flat (approx. 15-20 degrees).
The traditional Dieffler Quereinhaus stands with the ridge parallel to the street, so one side of the eaves is the front. The neighboring houses are directly connected (partly separated by a small corridor), creating a closed row of houses along the street. The traditional pebble-paved courtyard is located in front of the house, so that the width of the village streets in the area of Dillinger Strasse and Nalbacher Strasse (Nalbacher Kirchenweg), where they are not restricted by the sandstone cliffs, is quite large. Much of rural life took place in this open space.
- Reconstruction of a regional institution from the first half of the 19th century
Reconstruction of a bourgeois room with regional furniture from the first half of the 19th century, dining area
Reconstruction of a bourgeois room with regional furniture from the first half of the 19th century, sleeping area
The living area of the side houses is two-story. In contrast to the Lothringerhaus with its three-room depth, the traditional Dieffler Quereinhaus is only two rooms deep, so that every room has natural sunlight. The kitchen is the center of the house. The room next to the entrance door, illuminated by two windows, was the representation room, the "Stuff" (room). The "Stuff" remained unheated and uninhabited throughout the year and was only used on major church holidays or (until the opening of the Dieffler morgue in 1967) to lay out deceased family members. Special visitors were received here, but this area was not intended for the immediate family. Due to the comparatively splendid furnishing with Wilhelminian style furniture in the neo-renaissance style ( sofa , coffee table, chairs, chest of drawers , vertical , buffet cupboard , pendulum wall clock or floor clock ) and the unused space of this room, such showcase rooms are also known as "cold splendor". The rooms on the upper floor, which originally could not be heated, were used for sleeping purposes and as storerooms for fruit and grains.
- Reconstruction of a typical facility from the second half of the 19th century
Reconstruction of a master bedroom in typical neo-renaissance style; Due to the dampness of the walls, they are not wallpapered, but stenciled
Reconstruction of a typical "parlor" with neo-renaissance furniture from a lateral house around 1900
Reconstruction of a bedroom in a transverse house around 1900
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Also in contrast to the Lothringerhaus, the traditional Dieffler farmhouse does not have a mezzanine above the upper floor. The roof space was not developed and was used as storage for hay . The hay stored in the attic helped insulate the ceiling from the cold. In terms of construction, the roof is a purlin roof without a roof overhang .
The economic area consists of a stable and a barn. The stable is sometimes located in the middle between the living area and the barn or the barn takes the part that mediates between the living area and the stable area. The waste heat from the cattle helped to heat the house. The position of the barn is characterized by a high gate, bridged in a segment arch, the position of the stable by doors and smaller window hatches. A long corridor separates the living and business areas. It extends across the house from the front door to a courtyard door at the back. A thicker firewall that ran through the entire building was intended to prevent a fire in the living area from spreading to the utility area. In the facade, the internal structure is often made visible through a pilaster strip .
The windows of the living area are traditionally often arranged in two axes. With richer farmers on both sides of the front door, with less wealthy farmers only on one side. The front door is highlighted by a more elaborate design from the facade. It often bears the year of completion on the lintel and the monograms of the couple who built it, which shows the importance of wives in agriculture as equal heirs and economic partners. Most of the farmhouses were plastered smoothly on all sides, with the greatest care being taken with regard to the design on the side facing the street. The farmhouses had a kitchen garden, which was often behind the house, as well as herbs and a house tree in front of the door, usually a nut or pear tree. In addition, the "Mischdenkaul" (dung pit) was located in front of the barn, the size and filling of which documented the wealth of cattle of the owners.
The brickwork of the transverse house consists of irregular rubble stones and is plastered. The stones ( quartzite chunks ) were traditionally extracted in quarries of the Litermontes . In addition, we used sandstone and burnt bricks . The reveals of the windows and doors are made of local sandstone. The windows were originally closed with wooden shutters . Roofs were to large Dieffler village fire of 1876 and the Great Fire on the Scheif from 1882 with straw covered. Only then was the brick roofing preferred for fire protection reasons. The half-timbered construction has now also been replaced by wall ties.
Since around 1870, the cellars have been covered with Prussian cap vaults , a ceiling construction that consists of repeated flat segment barrel vaults . Two form of parallel double-T-beam of steel the abutment . Discarded railroad tracks were occasionally used. The stitch height is usually less than 15% of the width. The vaults are made of bricks .
Derived from the type of the Southwest German Quereinhaus, so-called workers' farmhouses were built in the prosperity phase after the founding of the empire , which were tailored to the needs of miners and ironworkers and which lacked the stable and barn wing. Instead, they had a small farm building behind or next to the main house, the so-called "Schopp".
Due to the destruction of the Second World War and the abandonment of the farms, the transverse houses were mostly changed significantly and are only rarely visible in their original form in their original form today.
Since the first half of the 20th century, many houses have been redesigned into two residential parts through inheritance divisions or through sale, initially converting the stable and barn parts for residential purposes. The increasing mechanization of agriculture with its growing number and size of agricultural machinery was countered with a machine-friendly adjustment of the barn openings in farmhouses that were still used for agriculture. The arches were broken out and replaced with steel girders, so that the barn entrance now had an upright rectangular format.
- Reconstruction of a facility from the second half of the 20th century
Reconstruction of a typical bedroom from the second half of the 20th century
Reconstruction of a typical living-dining room from the second half of the 20th century
Reconstruction of a typical living room from the second half of the 20th century
Due to the “wave of modernization” of the 1960s and 1970s, the shrinking process of the historical building fabric intensified again massively. The historical lattice windows were now largely replaced by single-pane glazed aluminum or plastic windows and similar doors were added. Often two upright rectangular windows were replaced by a single transverse rectangular, lower window in the manner of a panorama window. The sandstone walls were knocked off and plastered over so that the windows now appear to be punched into the facade. The traditional plastered buildings of the farmhouses were partially clad with plastic shingles on counter battens, which, as a negative consequence, caused an increase in room humidity. In order to gain parking space for residents' cars, the traditional house trees were felled and the gravel paving was replaced with exposed aggregate concrete slabs or concrete composite stones. Gardens were increasingly designed with extra-regional plants. Since this wave of renovations, the roofs have largely been covered with dark glazed double-seam tiles. Regarding the furnishing, regional furniture styles were no longer used, but industrially manufactured furnishings were used.
Despite these structural changes, the majority of the historical core development areas in Diefflen can still be assigned to the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Traditional clothing of the 19th century
- Traditional clothing of the Saar-Mosel region of the 19th century
Two women with quilted hoods, traditional costume sketch by August Migette, 1866
Two men in frock coats, knee breeches and tricorns; a man with long trousers with calf buttons and a wide-brimmed hat, costume sketch by August Migette, 1866
Women transporting food, costume sketch by August Migette, 1866
Two women and a man at the harvest, costume sketch by August Migette, 1866
Man with frock coat, cap and hat; behind it a woman with a basket, costume sketch by August Migette, 1866
Two women resting; next to it a man in a frock coat, traditional costume sketch by August Migette, 1866
August Migette, pilgrim from the Saar-Moselle region in the cloister garden of Trier Cathedral around 1870
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With the end of the 19th century and the boom in industry, rural traditional costumes died out in the region. The Trier-born artist August Migette (1802 in Trier - 1884 in Metz ) handed down the traditional clothing in the Saar-Moselle region in his watercolor studies from May 1866, which are now kept in the Metz city museum (Musées de Metz).
The men wore linen shirts with high collars that peeked out over a black silk necktie tied several times around their necks. The usual before the French Revolution culotte trousers of the men were gradually replaced in the 19th century by the long pantaloon pants. Some of these pants had rows of buttons on the side of the calves. Low buckled shoes were worn with shorts. On ordinary Sundays, when going to church, people wore a dark blue or gray blouse, which was complemented by a long, dark-colored frock coat on high church holidays, weddings and funerals. As headgear, the man wore a white-ground pointed cap with a blouse, which was interwoven with blue and red yarn. The matching headgear for the frock coat was a large, broad-brimmed hat. The faces were beardless and clean-shaven.
The neck of the woman's costume was framed by a finely pleated collar. The upper body was formed by a sleeveless, tightly fitting camisole with a hip bulge. On weekdays a triangular folded square scarf was worn over the bodice, which was pinned together over the chest. The two corners of the cloth were tucked under the apron band and held by the apron band. The holiday aprons were made of silk. A silver or gold cross was often worn as a necklace. The necklace was sometimes supplemented with gold earrings. The hair was parted in the middle, combed tightly and pinned at the back of the head. The woman wore a padded and quilted hood over it. Usually the hood was white. Widows wore a black hood.
On holidays, a short jacket was also worn over the bodice. The waistband of the skirt rested on the hip bulge of the bodice in order to create a bell shape rich in folds and material. The festive skirts were mostly made of fine silk in subtle colors. The skirts left the feet exposed. The artfully knitted stockings in white, gray or blue basic color were embroidered in bright colors in the visible area between the shoe and the hem of the skirt. The heel of the women's heelless shoes was low. The shoe was held with a small strap above the instep.
In 1901 the folklorist Franz von Pelser-Berensberg organized at the suggestion of the then Trier regional president and former Saarbrücken district administrator Eduard zur Nedden in cooperation with the Society for Useful Research in Trier (originally “Société des récherches utiles du département de la Sarre “) A folklore exhibition on traditional costumes, household effects, living and lifestyle in the Saar-Mosel region in the 19th century. Costumes and household items from around 1750 to 1850 have been collected from the population of the region. For the first time, traditional costumes of the region could be documented photographically on living models.
Reconstructions of women's costumes of the Saar-Mosel region of the Society for Useful Research on Trier from 1901
Reconstructions of women and men in the Saar-Mosel region of the Society for Useful Research on Trier from 1901
Pointed cap of men's clothing in the Saar-Mosel region, knitted cotton, first third of the 19th century
Blue coat (men's outerwear) from the Saar-Mosel region, silk-embroidered, blue-dyed linen, around 1870/1880
Rozze caps of the clothing of married women from the Saar-Mosel region, cotton, linen, silk, first third of the 19th century
Schnaubdouch (shawl) for women from the Saar-Mosel region, cotton muslin with white tambour embroidery, first third of the 19th century
Bridal costume from the first half of the 19th century, reconstruction (Saarland Cultural Heritage Foundation)
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Web links
- City of Dillingen
- Literature about Dillingen / Saar in the Saarland Bibliography
- Official journal archive with full text search
- Link catalog on the subject of Dillingen / Saar at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.dillingen-saar.de/rathaus/dillinger-steckbrief/statistik/
- ^ Lehnert, Aloys: "History of the City of Dillingen Saar", Krüger printing works, Dillingen 1968, p. 27.
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento from September 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Hermann Maisant: The circle Saarlouis in prehistoric and early historical times, Saarlouis 1971 S. 189th
- ↑ a b Georg Colesie: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, p. 14.
- ↑ Schmitt, Philipp: "The Saarlouis district and its surroundings under the Romans and Celts", Trier 1850.
- ^ Nicolas Bernard Motte: Manuscript tiré des archives mêmes de Sarrelouis et de ses environs par Nicolas Bernard Motte Seigneur d'Altvillers (1777–1860), manuscript in the Saarlouis city library.
- ↑ Walter Zimmermann: The art monuments of the Ottweiler and Saarlouis districts, Düsseldorf 1934, p. 34.
- ^ Keune, Johann Baptist: On the prehistory of the Ottweiler and Saarlouis districts, in: Walter Zimmermann: The art monuments of the Ottweiler and Saarlouis districts, Düsseldorf 1934, pp. 301–338.
- ↑ Philipp Schmitt: The Saarlouis district and its surroundings under the Romans and Celts, Trier 1850, p. 14.
- ↑ Georg Baltzer: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis and its Immediate Surroundings, Part One: Historical Notes on the City of Saarlouis, Part Two: Historical Notes on the Immediate Surroundings of Saarlouis, reprint of the edition from 1865, Dillingen / Saar 1979, Volume II , P. 9.
- ↑ Saarforschungsgemeinschaft (Ed.): The art monuments of the Ottweiler and Saarlouis districts, edited by Walter Zimmermann, 2nd, unchanged edition from 1934, Saarbrücken 1976, p. 323.
- ↑ Philipp Schmitt: The Saarlouis district and its surroundings under the Romans and Celts, Trier 1850, pp. 28–29.
- ↑ Friedrich Schröter: The Roman branches and the Roman roads in the Saar areas, in: Mitteilungen des Historisches Verein Saar I-IV, Saarbrücken 1846–1867, IV, p. 79, no. 13.
- ^ A b Saarforschungsgemeinschaft (ed.): The art monuments of the districts of Ottweiler and Saarlouis, edited by Walter Zimmermann, 2nd, unchanged edition from 1934, Saarbrücken 1976, p. 328.
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento from September 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Georg Colesie: History of the Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp. 15-20.
- ^ Friedrich Schröter: The Roman branches and the Roman roads in the Saar areas, in: Mitteilungen des Historisches Verein Saar I-IV, Saarbrücken 1846–1867, II, p. 27, III, p. 20.
- ↑ Bernhard Kirsch: Article Why is the Saar called "Saar" or who was there before the Celts? In: Our home, newsletter of the Saarlouis district for culture and landscape, 41st year, issue No. 2, 2016, pp. 45–56, here p. 48.
- ↑ Scherer, Alois: Dieffler Histories, Diefflen, as it once was in documents, reports, stories, pictures, Dillingen / Saar 2009, p. 188.
- ↑ Scherer, Alois: Dieffler histories, Diefflen, as it once was in documents, reports, stories, pictures, Dillingen / Saar 2009, p. 20.
- ↑ LHA Koblenz, Section 215, No. 3928, sheet 4 verso.
- ↑ 1036: Nagalbac; 1048: Nagelbach; 1154: Nalbach; approx. 1195: Nagilbach; 1229: Nallenbach; 1280 Nalbach; 1287: Nailbach and Nalbach; 1324: Naelbach; 1527: Nolbach; 1631 Nahlbach; then to this day Nalbach
- ↑ Kurt Hoppstädter, Hans-Walter Herrmann (ed.): Geschichtliche Landeskunde des Saarlandes, ed. from the historical association for the Saar region, Volume 1: From hand ax to winding tower, Saarbrücken 1960, pp. 62–63.
- ↑ George Colesie: History of Nalbacher Tales, a Saarland local history, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990 S. 22nd
- ^ Franz-Josef Heyen: Simeon von Trier, in: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Volume VII, Stuttgart 2002, columns 2184-2186.
- ↑ Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, II, No. 31, Koblenz 1865, pp. 72–73.
- ↑ George Colesie: History of Nalbacher Tales, a Saarland local history, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990 S. 27th
- ↑ a b Georg Colesie: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp. 24-25.
- ↑ Georg Colesie: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, p. 28.
- ↑ State Main Archives Koblenz, Department 215, No. 1441.
- ^ Johann Spurk: "Diefflen - The development of a small village settlement into a large working-class community", A. Krüger, Dillingen-Saar, 1964, pp. 12-21.
- ↑ Scherer, Alois: Dieffler Histories, Diefflen, as it once was in documents, reports, stories, pictures, Dillingen / Saar 2009, pp. 12-18.
- ↑ George Colesie: History of Nalbacher Tales, a Saarland local history, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp 46-52.
- ↑ Nalbacher Weistum from 1532, The Trier Probsthöfe in Diefflen were given as fiefs to Dieffler residents in the Weistum from 1532.
- ↑ Scherer, Alois: Dieffler Histories, Diefflen as it once was in documents, reports, stories, pictures, Dillingen / Saar 2009, pp. 14-18.
- ↑ Hans Peter Klauck: The inhabitants of the Nalbach valley before 1803, Bettstadt, Bilsdorf, Diefflen, Körprich, Nalbach, Piesbach, messages from the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Saarländische Familienkunde eV, 26th special volume, ed. by Werner Habicht, Saarbrücken 1989, p. 16.
- ↑ Johnn Mathias Sittel: History and description of the quadrilateral rule of the Nalbacher Valley, manuscript in the State Main Archives Koblenz, Department 704, No. 486.
- ↑ Colesie, George: History of Nalbacher Tales, a Saarland local history, 2nd ed, Nalbach 1990, pp 31-32..
- ↑ Colesie, Georg: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp. 32–33.
- ↑ http://www.saarbruecker-zeitung.de/saarland/saarlouis/Renovierung-Nalbach;art2807,4651453 , accessed on May 16, 2016.
- ↑ Kurt Hoppstädter: The witch persecutions in the Saarland area, magazine for the history of the Saar region, IX, 1959, p. 215, p. 257-267.
- ↑ LHA Koblenz, Dept. 215, No. 1491.
- ↑ Déclaration des droits, juridictions, rentes et revenues du val de Nalbach consistant en six villages, appartenant à Monsieur L´Electeur de Trèves e au Seigneur de Dilling par invidis (AD. Nancy, Titres feodaux 1524ff, E 135), copy in the parish archives Nalbach.
- ↑ LHA Koblenz, Order 1c, No. 3928, fol. 30f.
- ↑ The list of court costs is printed at: Saarländische Geschichte, Ein Quellenlesebuch, ed. v. Eva Labouvie , Saarland Library Vol. 15, Blieskastel 2001, pp. 166–167.
- ↑ Georg Colesie: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, p. 98.
- ^ Aloys Lehnert: History of the city of Dillingen / Saar . Dillingen 1968, pp. 122-124.
- ↑ Kurt Hoppstädter: The witch persecutions in the Saarland region, magazine for the history of the Saar region, IX, 1959, p. 237.
- ↑ Georg Colesie: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, p. 101.
- ↑ George Colesie: History of Nalbacher Tales, a Saarland local history, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp 89-102.
- ↑ Lehnert, Aloys: Geschichte der Stadt Dillingen / Saar, Dillingen 1968, pp. 138-143.
- ↑ Colesie, George: History of Nalbacher Tales, a Saarland local history, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp 107-113.
- ↑ Sittel: History and description of the Vierherrschaft des Nalbacher Valley, LHA Koblenz, Dept. 701, No. 486.
- ^ Johann Matthias Sittel: Collection of provincial and particular laws and ordinances, which have been enacted for individual territories on the left bank of the Rhine that have fallen to the Crown of Prussia in whole or in part on matters of state sovereignty, constitution, administration, administration of justice and the legal status, 2 Volumes, Trier 1843, Vol. 2, p. 124.
- ↑ Landesarchiv Saarbrücken: holdings of the Münchweiler lordship files No. 405.
- ↑ Georg Colesie: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, p. 133f.
- ↑ Hans Peter Klauck: The inhabitants of the Nalbach valley before 1803, Bettstadt, Bilsdorf, Diefflen, Körprich, Nalbach, Piesbach, messages from the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Saarländische Familienkunde eV, 26th special volume, ed. by Werner Habicht, Saarbrücken 1989, p. 15ff.
- ↑ Johannes Naumann: The barons of Hagen zur Motten - their life and work in the Saar-Mosel region, Blieskastel 2000, pp. 528-532.
- ↑ Landesarchiv Saarbrücken: holdings of the Münchweiler manor files No. 367, pp. 7ff., 235ff.
- ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz, Best. 51, 16, No. 15.
- ↑ Georg Colesie: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, p. 154.
- ↑ Johannes Naumann: The barons of Hagen zur Motten - their life and work in the Saar-Mosel region, Blieskastel 2000, pp. 530-531.
- ^ Andreas Mailänder: Sketch of the border line . In: Local history yearbook of the Saarlouis district 1966, p. 58.
- ↑ a b Georg Colesie: History of the Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp. 157–158.
- ^ Hans Walter Hermann: Das Herzogtum Lothringen, Geschichtliche Landeskunde des Saarlandes, Volume 2, p. 466.
- ^ Karl Waldner: From the middle Saar to the middle Danube, 1749-1803, typescript, Homburg 1968, pp. II-III.
- ↑ Colesie, Georg: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp. 140–142.
- ^ Aloys Lehnert: History of the City of Dillingen / Saar, Dillingen 1968, pp. 168–171.
- ^ Parish archive Dillingen I, p. 59
- ↑ Hans-Joachim Kühn: The Bendersche Schanze near Düppenweiler, a field name from the time of the French Revolution (1792–1794), Historical Association for the Saar region, 1994.
- ↑ Ham, Hermann van: 250 years of Dillinger Hütte, 1685–1935, Dillingen 1935, p. 74f.
- ↑ Kurt Hoppstädter: The Lords of Hagen zur Motten, in: Journal for the history of the Saar region, XII, 1962, p. 64.
- ↑ Handbook of the Diocese of Trier, 20th edition, edited by the Diocese archive, ed. and published by the Episcopal General Vicariate, Trier 1952, p. 46.
- ↑ a b Georg Colesie: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, p. 158.
- ^ Kiefer, Walter: Leases - Dillingen - Diefflen, Pictures from Yesterday and Today (1885–1985), Saarbrücken 1985, p. 103.
- ↑ Johannes Naumann: The barons of Hagen zur Motten - their life and work in the Saar-Mosel region, Blieskastel 2000, p. 333, 366–368.
- ↑ Landesarchiv Saarbrücken: holdings of the Münchweiler lordship files no.193, no.266.
- ↑ Georg Colesie: History of the Nalbach Valley. Eine Saarland Heimatgeschichte , 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp. 84–85 and p. 160.
- ↑ Hans Peter Klauck: The inhabitants of the Nalbach valley before 1803. Bettstadt, Bilsdorf, Diefflen, Körprich, Nalbach, Piesbach. In: Communications from the Working Group for Saarland Family Studies e. V. , 26th special volume, Saarbrücken 1989, p. 115.
- ↑ Johannes Naumann: The Barons of Hagen to Motten - their life and work in the Saar-Mosel region, Blieskastel 2000, pp. 366–368.
- ↑ a b Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 442 - 6346, sheet 51
- ↑ Saar calendar vol. 5, 1827, p.106.
- ^ Intelligence Gazette Saarbrücken No. 1, 1815.
- ^ Alois Prediger: Geschichte des Landkreis Saarlouis, Vol. 1, French heritage and Prussian formation (1815–1848), Saarbrücken 1997, pp. 55–72.
- ↑ George Colesie: history of Nalbacher Tales, a Saarland local history , 2nd ed Nalbach 1990. P. 170.
- ↑ declaration of assignment of the Austrian General Commissioner William of Droßdik from 1 July 1816 Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 442-3731, Leaf 59th
- ^ Alois Prediger: Geschichte des Landkreis Saarlouis, Vol. 1, French heritage and Prussian formation (1815–1848), Saarbrücken 1997, p. 68.
- ↑ takeover declaration of the Prussian officer Baron von Schmitz resentment Castle from 1 July 1816 Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 442-3731, sheet 61.63.
- ↑ Alois Prediger: History of the Saarlouis district, Vol. 1, French heritage and Prussian formation (1815–1848), Saarbrücken 1997, p. 69.
- ^ Motte, Bernhard: Manuscript in the Saarlouis city library, after Colesie, Georg: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, p. 173 u. 187.
- ↑ quoted from Spurk, Johann: Diefflen - Geschichtliche Entwicklung eines Heimatgemeinde, Dillingen 1964, pp. 40ff.
- ↑ Alois Scherer: Dieffler Histories, Diefflen as it once was in documents, reports, stories, pictures, Dillingen / Saar 2009, pp. 106-107 with reference to articles in the Saarlouiser Saarzeitung of August 14, 1876, the Trierische Landeszeitung (without Date), the Saarbrücker Zeitung of February 16, 1953 (with an eyewitness report by Jakob Jost, who was twelve at the time of the fire, March 31, 1864– March 4, 1953).
- ^ Lehnert, Aloys: Geschichte der Stadt Dillingen / Saar, Dillingen 1968, p. 181.
- ^ Spurk, Johann: "Diefflen - The development of a small village settlement into a large workers' community", A. Krüger, Dillingen-Saar, 1964, pp. 79–82.
- ^ Lehnert, Aloys: Geschichte der Stadt Dillingen / Saar, Dillingen 1968, p. 185.
- ^ Result of the referendum in the Saar area of January 13, 1935, publication by the General Secretariat of the League of Nations, Nalbach municipal archive.
- ^ Archives of the Nalbach community
- ^ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the "Third Reich" under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), pp. 3–17, 21–22, 41.
- ↑ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the “Third Reich” under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), pp. 18-19.
- ↑ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the “Third Reich” under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), pp. 19-21, 32, 37.
- ^ Johann Spurk: 75 years of the parish of St. Josef Diefflen, Saarlouis 1975, p. 119, p. 125.
- ^ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the "Third Reich" under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), pp. 25-26.
- ↑ Parish chronicle of the diocese archives Trier
- ^ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the “Third Reich” under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), pp. 27–39, 77–78.
- ^ Alois Scherer: Streets and squares in Dillingen, Pachten, Diefflen; Causes and meaning of their naming , Nalbach 1990.
- ↑ Alois Scherer: Dieffler Histories, Diefflen as it once was in documents, reports, stories, pictures, Dillingen / Saar 2009, p. 105.
- ^ Johann Spurk: "Diefflen - The development of a small village settlement into a large working-class community", A. Krüger, Dillingen-Saar, 1964. pp. 93–95.
- ^ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the "Third Reich" under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), pp. 6, 57.
- Jump up ↑ Volk, Hermann: Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933-1945, Volume 4, Saarland. Cologne 1990, pp. 117-118.
- ↑ https://www.dillingen-saar.de/fileadmin/PDF-Dateien/PDF-allgemein/Stolpersteine_1.pdf , accessed on August 17, 2015.
- Jump up ↑ Volk, Hermann: Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933-1945, Volume 4, Saarland . Cologne 1990, p. 115-119 .
- ^ Doris Seck: Company Westwall, Saarbrücken 1980, p. 12.
- ↑ Georg Colesie: History of the Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition Nalbach 1990, p. 196.
- ↑ Saarbrücker Zeitung of September 30, 1937 and August 15, 1938.
- ^ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the “Third Reich” under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), p. 43.
- ^ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the "Third Reich" under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), p. 42.
- ↑ Peter Goergen: Willi Graf: a way in the resistance, Volume 11 of the series of the Stiftung Demokratie Saarland eV, History, Politics and Society, St. Ingbert 2009, pp. 70–72.
- ↑ Josef Jost: Diefflen, the space and its anthropogenic use between 1858 and 1969, scientific approval work in the subject of geography at the University of Saarland, Dillingen 1984, pp. 173–176.
- ↑ Cartographic documents of the Saarland Ministry of the Interior, map index No. 74.
- ^ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the "Third Reich" under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), p. 44.
- ^ Decision books of the Dieffler municipal council, years 1887 to 1969, today deposited with the city administration of Dillingen / Saar.
- ^ Hans-Walter Herrmann : The franking of the red zone 1939/1940. Procedure and sources. In: Journal for the history of the Saar region, 32nd year, Saarbrücken 1984, pp. 64–89.
- ↑ Lehnert, Aloys: Festschrift on the occasion of the granting of city rights to the municipality of Dillingen-Saar on September 1, 1949, Dillingen / Saar 1949, p. 20.
- ↑ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the “Third Reich” under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), pp. 66–67.
- ↑ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the "Third Reich" under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), pp. 49-50, quoting a newspaper article from NSZ-Westmark.
- ^ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the "Third Reich" under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), p. 78.
- ^ Lehnert, Aloys: Festschrift on the occasion of the granting of city rights to the municipality of Dillingen-Saar on September 1, 1949, Dillingen / Saar 1949, p. 21.
- ^ Josef Jost: Diefflen, the space and its anthropogenic use between 1858 and 1969, scientific approval work in the subject of geography at the University of Saarland, Dillingen 1984, pp. 159-160.
- ↑ George Colesie: History of Nalbacher Tales, Nalbach 1990 S. 244th
- ↑ a b Jost, Armin / Reuter, Stefan: "Dillingen in the Second World War", Geschichtswerkstatt Dillingen / Saar, Dillingen 2002, pp. 313-320.
- ↑ a b Scherer, Alois: Dieffler Histories, Diefflen, as it once was in documents, reports, stories, pictures, Dillingen / Saar 2009, p. 329.
- ^ Johann Spurk: Diefflen - The development of a small village settlement into a large workers' community, Dillingen-Saar, 1964, pp. 107–114; Spurk forgot Ernst Kuntz, who died in 1944; Two people died after the end of the war from explosive devices.
- ^ Lehnert, Aloys: Geschichte der Stadt Dillingen / Saar , Dillingen 1968, pp. 186–196.
- ↑ Scherer, Alois: Dieffler Histories, Diefflen, as it once was in documents, reports, narratives, pictures, Dillingen / Saar 2009, p. 365.
- ^ Josef Rudolf Jost: Diefflen in the “Third Reich” under the rule of National Socialism, Diefflen 1998 (unpublished typewritten manuscript), p. 48.
- ↑ a b Scherer, Alois: "Streets and squares in Dillingen, Pachten, Diefflen - cause and meaning of their naming", published by the Realschule Dillingen and the city of Dillingen, Nalbach 1990.
- ^ Gerhard Franz: The victory of the naysayers, 50 years after the vote on the Saar Statute , Blieskastel 2005, p. 181.
- ^ Johann Spurk: Parish Chronicle of St. Josef Diefflen 1900–1975, Saarlouis 1975, pp. 359–360.
- ↑ Georg Colesie: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, p. 244.
- ↑ George Colesie: history of Nalbacher Tales, a Saarland local history , 2nd ed Nalbach 1990. P. 245.
- ↑ http://www.igab-saar.de/
- ↑ Delf Slotta: The Saarland coal mining industry, pictures of people, mines and mining environments, stories from contemporary witnesses, recorded by Georg Fox, ed. from RAG Aktiengesellschaft, Herne and the Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland eV (Schiffweiler), Dillingen / Saar 2011, ISBN 978-3-00-035206-5
- ↑ Article Earthquake in Saarland - Collapsed cavities in the mine , Taz article from February 25, 2008.
- ^ RAG coal mining mining in Saarland ends in 2012, article in the Süddeutsche Zeitung from May 17, 2010
- ↑ Article Saarland - Strongest earthquake due to coal mining , Saturday, February 23, 2008, 8:34 pm, focus-online
- ^ RAG Deutsche Steinkohle AG. ( Memento of the original from February 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on July 4, 2010)
- ↑ State Office for Geology and Mining Rhineland-Palatinate, Seismological Service Southwest. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 8, 2014 ; accessed on September 16, 2014 .
- ↑ earthquake_saarwellingen100. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 18, 2014 ; accessed on September 16, 2014 .
- ↑ Colesie, Georg: Geschichte des Nalbacher Tales, Eine Saarländische Heimatgeschichte, 2nd edition, Nalbach 1990, pp. 133-136.
- ↑ Johannes Naumann: The barons of Hagen zur Motten - their life and work in the Saar-Mosel region, Blieskastel 2000, pp. 393–394, 528.
- ↑ Landesarchiv Saarbrücken: Holdings of the Münchweiler manor files No. 238, No. 249, pp. 50–60, No. 453.
- ↑ Josef Jost: Diefflen, the space and its anthropogenic use between 1858 and 1969, scientific approval work in the subject of geography at the University of Saarland, Dillingen 1984, pp. 23–28, 48–54, 100–106, 148–155, 209 -214.
- ↑ https://www.dillingen-saar.de/rathaus/dillinger-steckbrief/statistik/abritten ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on January 6, 2018.
- ↑ Martin Born: Geographische Landeskunde des Saarland, Saarbrücken 1980, pp. 40–41.
- ↑ Martin Born: Geographical regional studies of the Saarland, Saarbrücken 1980, p. 41.
- ↑ Speich: Sprachbedingungen und Mundarten, in: Lothringen und seine Hauptstadt, a collection of orienting essays, in connection with JB Keune and RS Bour ed. by A. Ruppel, Metz 1913, pp. 98-104, here p. 101.
- ↑ Wilhelm Will: Zur Sprachgeschichte der Saarlande, in: Saar-Atlas, edited and edited by order of the Saar-Forschungsgemeinschaft by Hermann Overbeck and Georg Wilhelm Sante, in connection with Hermann Aubin, Otto Maull and Franz Steinbach, Gotha 1934, p. 69 -70.
- ^ Wilhelm Will: Saarländische Sprachgeschichte, Saarbrücken 1932.
- ^ Josef Müller: From the word history of the Saar area, in: Journal of the Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Heimatschutz, 22nd year, issue 1 and 2, Düsseldorf 1929, pp. 229–235.
- ↑ Nikolaus Fox: Saarländische Volkskunde, Volkskunde Rhenish landscapes, ed. by Adam Wrede, Bonn 1927, pp. 127–206.
- ^ Hermann Keuth: Das Bauernhaus an der Saar, in: Journal of the Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Heimatschutz, 22nd year, issue 1 and 2, Düsseldorf 1929, pp. 77-94.
- ↑ Werner Habicht: Village and Farmhouse in German-speaking Lorraine and Saarland, work from the Geographical Institute of Saarland University, Vol. 27, Saarbrücken 1980.
- ↑ Josef Antonius Jost: Diefflen, space and its anthropogenic use between 1858 and 1969, scientific approval work in the subject of geography at the University of Saarland, Dillingen 1984, pp. 62–65, 112–116.
- ↑ Hermann Keuth: Haus- und Siedlungsformen der Saarlande, in: Saar-Atlas, edited and edited on behalf of the Saar-Forschungsgemeinschaft by Hermann Overbeck and Georg Wilhelm Sante, in connection with Hermann Aubin, Otto Maull and Franz Steinbach, Gotha 1934, p 59-62.
- ↑ Gerhild Krebs: Farmhouse types of the greater Saar-Lor-Lux region, Lorraine farmhouse and Southwest German farmhouse, from: Rainer Hudemann with the collaboration of Marcus Hahn, Gerhild Krebs and Johannes Großmann (ed.): Places of cross-border memory - traces of the networking of the Saar-Lor -Lux-Raumes in the 19th and 20th centuries, Lieux de la mémoire transfrontalière - Traces et réseaux dans l'espace Sarre-Lor-Lux aux 19e et 20e siècles, Saarbrücken 2002, 3rd, technically revised edition 2009, published as CD -ROM and on the Internet at Memotransfront.uni-saarland.de, http://www.memotransfront.uni-saarland.de/pdf/bauernhaustypen.pdf , accessed on July 3, 2016.
- ↑ Nikolaus Fox: Saarländische Volkskunde, Volkskunde Rhenish landscapes, ed. by Adam Wrede, Bonn 1927, pp. 44–63.
- ↑ Louis Pinck: Volkskundliches, in: Lorraine and his capital, a collection of orienting essays, in connection with JB Keune and RS Bour ed. by A. Ruppel, Metz 1913, pp. 242-254, here p. 242.
- ↑ Francine Roze ea: L'Élegance et la Nécessité, Costumes de Lorraine, Collections des Musées de Lorraine, Catalog réalisé à l'occasion de l'exposition "L'Élegance et la Nécessité, Costumes de Lorraine", Metz 2001.
- ↑ Nikolaus Fox: Saarländische Volkskunde, Volkskunde Rhenish landscapes, ed. by Adam Wrede, Bonn 1927, pp. 92-102.
- ↑ Franz von Pelser-Berensberg: Altrheinisches, communications on traditional costumes, household items, living and way of life in the Rhineland, Düsseldorf 1909.
- ↑ Franz von Pelser-Berensberg: Guide through the exhibition of old costumes and household items of the Saar and Moselle population, Trier 1901.
- ^ Heidi Meier: Trachten im Saarland, Nohfelden 2017.
