Landscape structure of Styria

Landscape structure of Styria

The landscape structure of Styria divides the Austrian state of Styria into different natural units. Various approaches exist in the literature, the official website of the Styrian regional government uses a model by Gerhard Karl Lieb from 1991, which essentially distinguishes eight regions with 60 more or less self-contained landscape units and several sub-areas.

Explanations

Preliminary remark

Physical map of Styria with clearly recognizable alpine and extra-alpine parts

Basically, Styria can be geographically divided into an Alpine and an extra- Alpine sub-area. Along with increasing alpine and tourist interest in the 19th century, the first approaches to classifying the landscape into mountain groups can be recognized, as was later carried out by the Alpine Association . Listed below is a number of authors who have contributed to today's consensus.

• Böhm (1887): one of the first attempts to divide the Eastern Alps with names such as Prielgruppe (instead of Totes Gebirge ), some of which are outdated today .
• Moriggl (1924): official mountain classification of the German and Austrian Alpine Association  (AVE), provided with numbers and based on the sheet numbers of the AV cartography, the shelter indexes and the route number system
• Strzygowski (1951): Eastern Alps division for the first time with the inclusion of valley communities (important methodological progress)
• Morawetz (1971/73): attempts to structure the landscape specially tailored to Styria, with hierarchization of the landscape boundaries and emphasized independence of the large valleys, basins and pass landscapes
• Höllhuber (1972): unpublished, yet most detailed landscape structure of Styria with the problem of the landscape protection inventory
• Grassler (1984): Revision of the AVE von Moriggl, brings improvements in Styria, but reflects a lack of alpine tourism interest in the south-eastern foothills of the Alps (e.g. fuzzy designation marginal mountains east of the Mur )
• Lieb (1991): first published, systematic regional division of Styria

Notes on Lieb (1991)

The landscape structure of Lieb was commissioned by Detlef Ernet, head of the department for botany at the Landesmuseum Joanneum , with the aim of a generally acceptable, uniform regional structure of the federal state. Above all, biologists should be helped to classify and describe plant and animal sites as briefly and precisely as possible. The demarcated areas should be homogeneous in themselves, especially with regard to their geological structure. The delimitation was chosen to be as clear as possible and, ideally, as sharp as possible, for which contour lines, ie valleys and low passes, are particularly suitable. The total number of sub-rooms should remain manageable and enable quick orientation. In addition, care was taken to use local terms in order to ensure that the delimited units are perceived as such. Some less common names such as Murberge or Südburgenland Hügelland were nevertheless used due to the lack of alternatives. In several cases, compromises had to be made, especially with regard to delimitation.

After the alpine / foreland division mentioned above, the mountain region was again divided into northern and central Alps . The geological structure of the landscape serves as the basic structure of the structure , especially since the chemistry of the rocks is important for the geofactors rock existence , form world, climate, water, soil and vegetation. Much of the Styrian Central Alps is one of the central and eastern Alpine and Austroalpine ceiling and consists of crystalline rocks that in the north of the weakly metamorphosed , Paleozoic schists of Grauwackenzone are superimposed. These in turn form the basis of the predominantly Mesozoic Northern Limestone Alps . Just like the Limestone Alps, the Murau and Grazer Paleozoic Era belong to the Upper Eastern Alps , the latter largely underlain by the clastic Tertiary sediments of the foreland. Consequently, results in the großmorphologischen basic structures and the four types of landscape high mountains , Central Mountains , inner alpine reduction zones and foothills that can be geologically and morphologically further differentiated respectively.

Mountain division

The following mountain range, on which Lieb is based, roughly coincides with the Alpine Club classification (AVE) according to Grassler (1984), but in particular better differentiates the mountain ranges of the Styrian peripheral mountains , those in the AVE only as part of the Lavanttal Alps or as peripheral mountains to the east the Mur can be summarized. The highest peaks in brackets are outside Styria.

Mountain range			Highest elevation		geological and large morphological characteristics
			Surname	Height (m)
Northern Alps	Dachstein Group		High Dachstein	2995	Carbonate rocks / high mountains ( plateau )
	Dead Mountains		Großer Hochkasten ( Großer Priel )	2389 (2515)	Carbonate rocks / high mountains (plateau)
	Ennstal Alps		Hochtor	2369	Carbonate rocks / high mountains ( chains )
	Eisenerzer Alps		Gßeck	2214	Carbonate and silicate rocks / high and low mountain ranges (heterogeneous)
	Hochschwab group		Hochschwab	2277	Carbonate rocks / high mountains (plateau)
	Ybbstal Alps		Hochstadl	1919	Carbonate rocks / high and low mountain ranges
	Türnitz Alps		Schwarzkogel ( Great Sulzberg )	1365 (1400)	Carbonate rocks / low mountain ranges
	Mürzsteg Alps		Haystack	2007	Carbonate rocks / high (plateau) and low mountain ranges (heterogeneous)
	Mürz Valley Alps		Thalerkogel	1655	Silicate rocks / low mountain ranges
Central Alps	Lower Tauern	Schladminger Tauern	Hochgolling	2862	Silicate rocks / high mountains
		Wölzer Tauern	Rettlkirchspitze	2475	Silicate rocks / high mountains
		Seckauer Tauern	Vulture head	2417	Silicate rocks / high and low mountain ranges
	Murberge		Gstoder	2140	Silicate and carbonate rocks / low mountain ranges (heterogeneous)
	Gurktal Alps		Monkshood	2441	Silicate and carbonate rocks / high and low mountain ranges (heterogeneous)
	Seetal Alps		Zirbitzkogel	2396	Silicate rocks / low and high mountains
	Styrian border mountains	Possruck	Klementkogel	1052	Silicate rocks / low mountain ranges
		Koralpe	Kleiner Speikkogel ( Great Speikkogel )	2117 (2140)	Silicate rocks / low and high mountains
		Stubalpe	Ameringkogel	2187	Silicate rocks / low and high mountains
		Gleinalpe	Lenzmoarkogel	1991	Silicate rocks / low and high mountains
		Fischbach Alps	Stuhleck	1782	Silicate rocks / low mountain ranges
		Change	High change	1743	Silicate rocks / low mountain ranges
		Joglland	Rabenwaldkogel	1280	Silicate rocks / low mountain ranges
	Grazer Bergland		Hochlantsch	1720	Carbonate and silicate rocks / low mountain ranges (heterogeneous)

1. ↑ Depending on the demarcation of the Stubalpe or if it is divided into Stub and Packalpe , the Rappoldkogel can be the highest peak.

Landscape protection inventory according to Höllhuber

D. Höllhuber (1972) differentiates between nine large and 43 small or partial landscapes.

#	Large landscape	#	Partial landscape
1	Lower Austrian-Styrian limestone foothills	11	Salzatal and northern Hochschwabvorlagen
		12	Mariazeller Mountains
2	Kalkhochalpen	21st	Dachstein Mountains (with Kammergebirge and Grimming )
		22nd	Dead Mountains
		23	Warscheneck
		24	Ennstal Alps and Gesäuse Mountains
		25th	Hochschwab
		26th	Eastern Kalkhochalpen ( Veitsch- , snow , Rax )
3	Eisenerzer and Mürz Valley Alps	31	Eisenerzer Alps
		32	Mürz Valley Alps
4th	Inner alpine valley and depression zones	401	Ausseer basin and Mitterndorfer passage
		402	Upper Ennstal
		403	Palten and Liesingtal
		404	Aflenz basin
		405	Trofaiach basin
		406	Murparalleltalung
		407	Seckau basin
		408	Murtal above Aichfeld
		409	Aichfeld
		410	Mur-Mürz Valley
		411	Neumarkt pass landscape
		412	Obdacher saddle zone
5	Lower Tauern	51	Schladminger Tauern
		52	Wölzer Tauern
		53	Rottenmanner Tauern
		54	Triebener Tauern and Seckau Alps
6th	Gurktaler, Murauer and Seetal Alps	61	Gurktal Alps
		62	Murau Alps
		63	Seetal Alps
7th	Styrian border mountains and Possruck	71	Koralpe
		72	Stubalpe , Gleinalpe
		73	Fischbacher Alps , Stuhleck and Wechsel
		74	Joglland
		75	Possruck
8th	Grazer Bergland	81	Area of ​​the Paleozoic Limestone
		82	Area of ​​Paleozoic Slate
		83	Area of ​​crystalline
9	West and East Styrian hill country	91	West Styrian hill country and Windische Büheln
		92	Eastern Styrian hill country
		93	Moatland
		94	Sausal
		95	Mur fields and wider valley floors of the hill country
		96	Eastern Styrian volcanic area

Landscape structure according to Lieb

• Abbreviation: Abbreviation for the respective landscape unit, consisting of a letter and a number. The background colors correspond to those in the card at the beginning of the article.
• Image: As representative as possible of the landscape unit.
• Name: Name for the landscape unit.
• Political district: Administrative location of the landscape unit by political district .
• Description: Brief geographical description of the landscape unit with a focus on morphology, geology and topography, possibly with mention of further sub-areas.
• Document: Document for the respective landscape unit.

Northern Alps

Abbreviation	image	Surname	political district	description	receipt
N.1		Dachstein Group	LI	High mountain range with a pronounced plateau character Triassic limestone , heavily karstified extends between the upper Enns and the Ausseerland , main solid roof stone by deep-cut transverse valleys of partly solid Sarstein and Grimming separated
N.2		Dead Mountains	LI	High mountain range with a pronounced plateau character Triassic limestone, heavily karstified between Ausseerland, Ennstal and Pyhrnpass , Warscheneckstock in the eastern part a largely independent partial massif
N.3		Ennstal Alps	LN , LI	High mountains of the chain mountain type Triassic limestone and dolomite Subareas Haller Mauern and Gesäuseberge on both sides of the Enns breakthrough, demarcation to the Eisenerzer Alps is based on geological conditions
N.4		Eisenerzer Alps	LN , LI	High mountain range Paleozoic Grauwacke , two important exceptions (sub-areas) north of the Palten - Liesingtal furrow, the Kaiserschild limestone and the Reitingstock form separate areas
N.5		Hochschwab group	BM , LN , LI	High mountain range with a pronounced plateau character Triassic limestone, heavily karstified sharply delineated in three directions, in the south there is a partial transition to the low mountain range of the Mürz Valley Alps , the Zeller Staritzen form a sub-area
N.6		Ybbstal Alps	BM , LI	Low mountain range with a local high mountain character Triassic limestone, moderately karstified Mostly located north of the Salzatal in Lower Austria , the centerpiece is the Karst plateau of the herb woman
N.7		Türnitz Alps	BM	Low mountain range of the Kalkvoralpen mainly Triassic dolomites Mostly located in Lower Austria, the Styrian part limited by the Mariazeller pass landscape and Halltal
N.8		Mürzsteg Alps	BM	Several high and low mountain ranges Triassic limestone and dolomite on both sides of the Upper Mürz Valley, sub-groups are the karstified high plateaus of Rax and Schneealpe as well as the morphologically more heterogeneous Veitschalpe and Tonion
N.9		Mürz Valley Alps	BM	Central mountain range, broken through by several transverse valleys metamorphic greywacke and crystalline separates Mur-Mürz-Furche from the high mountain groups of the Hochschwab group and the Mürzsteg Alps

Central Alps

Abbreviation	image	Surname	political district	description	receipt
Z.1		Murberge	MU , MT	Low mountain range with a local high mountain character, broken through by several transverse valleys Old crystalline and metamorphic rocks from the Murau Paleozoic separates the Upper Murtal from the “Murparalleltal” on the southern roof of the Niedern Tauern
Z.2		Gurktal Alps	MU	High and low mountain ranges of diverse characteristics crystalline and metamorphic rocks of the Murau Paleozoic Era towers over the Upper Mur Valley in the south to the Neumarkter Sattel , sub-areas are the limestone of the Grebenzen and the small Styrian part of the Guttaringer Bergland
Z.3		Seetal Alps	MU , MT	High mountains between pronounced contour lines crystalline rocks bounded by the Neumarkt and Obdacher pass landscape , south of the continuation to the Saualpe , large morphological middle position between the Niedere Tauern and the Styrian border mountains

Central Alps - Niedere Tauern

Abbreviation	image	Surname	political district	description	receipt
NT.1		Schladminger Tauern	LI , MU	High mountains of glacial character with a diverse treasure trove of shapes Gneiss and mica slate of the Central Alpine Crystalline bounded by the Upper Ennstal and the "Murparalleltal", to the east over the Sölkpass transition to the Wölzer Tauern
NT.2		Wölzer Tauern	LI , MU , MT	High mountains of glacial character crystalline rocks with a local share in the greywacke zone between the Sölkpass and the Pölstalfurche , the largest landscape unit in Alpine Styria, the Rottenmanner Tauern with a different geological structure form a sub-area
NT.3		Seckauer Tauern	LN , LI , MT	High mountains of glacial character crystalline orthogneiss and quartzite with a local part of the greywacke zone The easternmost part of the Niedere Tauern between Pöls and Liesingtal, the mid-mountain range of the Gaal ridge between the Seckau basin and Aichfeld represents a sub-area

foreshore

Abbreviation	image	Surname	political district	description	receipt
V.1		West Styrian Riedelland	DL , G , GU , LB , VO	Riedelland west of the Mur tertiary unconsolidated rocks divided into four physiognomically similar parts by the wide valleys of Kainach , Laßnitz and Sulm , Kaiserwald ( old Pleistocene gravel plate ) and Wildoner Berg ( Leithakalk ) form sub-areas
V.2		Sausal	LB	small mountain range with great independence in terms of natural and cultural landscapes Slate from the Graz Paleozoic Era bounded by Laßnitztal, Leibnitzer Feld , Sulmtal and the St. Andrä - Gleinztal - Waldschacher ponds
V.3		Windische Bühel	LB	Hill country with a strikingly lively relief tertiary unconsolidated rocks is made under continuous decrease in height to Slovenia continued (Solvenske gorice) , in Styria'a part of Pößnitzfurche , Saggautal, Sulmtal, Leibnitzerfeld and Low limited Murtalbahn
V.4		East Styrian Riedelland	G , GU , HF , LB , SO , WZ	Riedelland east of the Mur tertiary unconsolidated rocks divided into three physiognomically similar parts by the wide valleys of Raab , Feistritz and Lafnitz , in the volcanic region the Gleichenberger Kögel , Stradner Kogel and Klöcher Massif form sub-areas
V.5		Southern Burgenland Riedelland	HF	Hill country tertiary unconsolidated rocks on the edge of the mountains east of the Lafnitz to the East Styrian Riedelland, the Styrian part is limited to the area between Rohrbach and Friedberg at the foot of the change

Pass landscapes

Abbreviation	image	Surname	political district	description	receipt
P.1		Mariazeller pass landscape	BM	High valley with a topographical and cultural-geographical special position glacial and fluvio-glacial sediments on the watershed between Salza and Erlauf , place of pilgrimage Mariazell in the center, mainly surrounded by forest middle mountain ranges of the Kalkvoralpen
P.2		Neumarkt pass landscape	MU	Glacial depression with gently undulating relief glacial and fluvio-glacial sediments between the Upper Murtal and the Drava catchment area , landscape shaped by the Mur glacier with the two passes Neumarkter and Perchauer Sattel , flanked by the Gurktal and Seetal Alps
P.3		Obdacher pass landscape	MT	Depression with gentle relief tertiary and partly quaternary loose materials between the catchment areas of Granitzenbach (Mur) and Lavant (Drau), flanked by the Seetal Alps and Stubalpe

pool

Abbreviation	image	Surname	political district	description	receipt
B.1		Ausseer basin	LI	Basin with cold-age erosion and embankment forms Pleistocene sediments at the confluence of the three source rivers of the Traun between the plateau edges and foothills of the Dachstein and Totem Mountains, lakes such as Altausseer See and Grundlsee
B.2		Mitterndorfer Basin	LI	Elongated depression with flat valley floors glacial, fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments framed by the Dachstein and Totem Mountains, drainage in three different directions, thus two valley watersheds are formed on the pool floor
B.3		Judenburg-Knittelfelder Basin	MT	largest inner-alpine basin in Styria with extensive terrace corridors predominantly fluvioglacial sediments in the middle of the Upper Mur Valley between the Niederen Tauern, Seetal Alps, Stub and Gleinalpe, locally different names such as Aichfeld or Murboden , sub-area Seckauer Becken
B.4		Trofaiach basin	LN	Pools with gentle terraces fluvioglacial sediments of the Pleistocene framed by the steep Eisenerzer Alps and the low mountain range of the southwestern Mürz Valley Alps, open to the Liesingtal
B.5		Aflenz basin	BM	Basins with gentle slopes and ridges as well as terraced bodies tertiary unconsolidated rocks and fluvioglacial sediments of the Pleistocene at the southern foot of the Hochschwab group, bordered to the east and south by the Mürzsteger and Mürz Valley Alps
B.6		Lower Mürz Valley	BM	Basin with gentle slopes and riddles fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments, tertiary loose material at the valley edges Mürz Valley below the Enge (breakthrough valley ) from Wartberg , Tertiärmulde von Parschlug reaches back into the Mürz Valley Alps
B.7		Middle Mürz Valley	BM	Basin with gently undulating hills fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments, tertiary loose material at the valley edges Mürz Valley from Mürzzuschlag to Enge (breakthrough valley ) from Wartberg , the Upper Mürz Valley upstream is not shown as a separate landscape unit due to its insufficient width
B.8		Köflach-Voitsberger Basin	VO	Basins with a complex topography tertiary lignite depressions , partly Graz Paleozoic on the mountain edge of northern western Styria, open to the east (towards western Styrian Riedelland) and generally difficult to define spatially
B.9		Gratwein-Gratkorner basin	GU	Basin with a valley widening of the Mur in the center fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments, locally tertiary loose material in the lower area of ​​the Mittlerer Mur Valley in the middle of the Grazer Bergland , open to the southwest (to the West Styrian Riedelland)
B.10		Passail Basin	WZ	Basins with gentle landscapes tertiary loose material, partly Paleozoic slate in the middle of the Grazer Bergland, boundaries in the north ( Teichalm and Sommeralm ) and southeast ( Sattelberg ) given by sharp bends in the slope

Valleys

Abbreviation	image	Surname	political district	description	receipt
T.1		Upper Ennstal	LI	Long valley of glacial character ( trough valley ) with numerous alluvial and moor cones fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments Section of the Styrian Ennstal above the Grimming, narrower than the Middle Ennstal
T.2		Middle Ennstal	LI	particularly flat longitudinal valley of glacial character (trough valley) fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments Section of the Styrian Ennstal between Grimming and Gesäuseeingang, at Irdning and Admont formed in a basin
T.3		Lower Ennstal	LN , LI	Cold-age valley with partly gorge-like river deepening largely conglomerated fluvioglacial gravel Styrian Ennstal below the Gesäuses as well as its continuation in Upper Austria, populated corridors separated from each other by deeply cut valley sections
T.4		Paltental	LN , LI	Long valley with a uniform, wide valley floor fluvial sediments forming over the Schoberpass with the Liesingtal a Längstalflucht (formerly Kammertal ), the Middle Ennstal by the narrowness of Selzthal separated
T.5		Pölstal	MT	Long valley of the cold age fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments from the Triebener Tauern to the Aichfeld along the river of the same name, the section below Möderbrug is much wider developed
T.6		Liesingtal	LN	Long valley with strongly varying valley width fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments forms a longitudinal valley line (formerly Kammertal ) over the Schoberpass with the Paltental, a striking narrowing between Mautern and Kammern
T.7		Upper Murtal	BM , LN , MU , MT	Long valley partially glacial (Trogtal) largely fluvioglacial sediments Section of the Mur-Mürz-Furche between the western border and Bruck , term sometimes only used for the valley section up to Aichfeld
T.8		Middle Mur valley	BM , G , GU	Valley with several openings and chambers fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments Section of the Mur Valley between Bruck and the Grazer Feld, breaks through the crystalline lines of the Styrian Randgebirge and the Grazer Bergland
T.9		Graz field	G , GU , LB	wide valley area with significant groundwater body fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments Murtal from the south edge of the Graz highlands to Wildoner Buchkogel, the northern part of fully of Graz Graz taken
T.10		Leibnitz field	LB	wide valley area with significant groundwater body fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments Murtal from the Enge near Wildon to the striking change in direction of the Mur not far from the Slovenian border (Lower Murtal)
T.11		Lower Mur Valley	LB , SO	wide valley area with different terrace corridors fluvial and fluvio-glacial sediments Murtal after the change of direction of the Mur between East Styrian Riedelland and Windischen Büheln, subdivision into Murecker and Radkersburger Feld possible
T.12		Kainachtal	DL , GU , VO	Sohlental fluvial and fluvio periglacial sediments extra-alpine part of the river valley below Krottendorf-Gaisfeld to Grazer Feld
T.13		Laßnitz Valley	DL , LB	Sohlental fluvial and fluvioperiglacial sediments extra- alpine part of the river valley from Deutschlandsberg to Leibnitzer Feld, the alpine upper reaches flows through a narrow, gorge-like mountain valley
T.14		Sulmtal	DL , LB	Sohlental fluvial and fluvioperiglacial sediments External part of the river valley from Schwanberg to Sulmsee , the alpine upper reaches of the two source rivers flow through narrow, gorge-like mountain valleys
T.15		Raab Valley	SO , WZ	Sohlental fluvial and fluvioperiglacial sediments extra- alpine part of the river valley below the Raabklamm , the alpine upper reaches of the Grazer Bergland and the Passailer basin
T.16		Feistritztal	HF , WZ	Sohlental fluvial and fluvioperiglacial sediments extra-alpine part of the river valley below Herberstein , also called Lower Feistritztal possible
T.17		Lafnitz Valley	HF , WZ	Sohlental fluvial and fluvioperiglacial sediments extra-alpine part of the river valley below Rohrbach, river course in sections with a high degree of naturalness

Foothills

Abbreviation	image	Surname	political district	description	receipt
R.1		Possruck	DL , LB	morphologically uniform low mountain range Geological diversity with elements of the peripheral mountains, the foreland and the Graz mountainous region eastern spur of the peripheral mountains (Koralpe) to the Pößnitztalfurche, the majority is in Slovenia (Kozjak)
R.2		Koralpe	DL , VO	High and low mountain ranges crystalline rocks Part of the Styrian fringe between Packsattel and Drautal, the Reinischkogelzug forms a well-defined area
R.3		Stubalpe	MT , VO	High and low mountain ranges crystalline rocks Section of the Styrian peripheral mountains with a marked change of direction and its highest elevation ( Ameringkogel ), sub-area Packalpe
R.4		Gleinalpe	GU , LN , MT , VO	Low mountain range crystalline rocks, great abundance of amphibolites northeastern part of the Styrian Randgebirge on the right bank of the Mur, as a sub-area the Brucker Hochalpe can be viewed
R.5		Western Grazer Bergland	GU , VO	morphologically diversely structured area with partial low mountain range character weakly metamorphic rocks of the Graz Paleozoic Part of the Grazer Bergland on the right bank of the Mur, allocation to the peripheral mountains from a geological point of view questionable
R.6		Eastern Graz mountainous region	GU , WZ	morphologically diversely structured area with partial low mountain range character weakly metamorphic rocks of the Graz Paleozoic Part of the Grazer Bergland on the left bank of the Mur, allocation to the peripheral mountains from a geological point of view questionable
R.7		Fischbach Alps	BM , WZ	Low mountain range crystalline rocks, locally with a carbonate character East wing of the Styrian Randgebirge south of the Mürz Valley, several deep recesses dissect the mountain range
R.8		Change	HF , WZ	Low mountain range crystalline rocks Ostend of the Steirischen Randgebirge, border to Joglland and Bucklige Welt very blurred
R.9		Hunchback world	HF	Mountain and hill country crystalline rocks and tertiary block gravel largely located in Lower Austria, Styrian part in the Schäffern area , difficult to distinguish from the change
R.10		Joglland	HF , WZ	Low mountain range crystalline rocks, locally tertiary unconsolidated rocks between the upper and Feistritztal Lafnitztal that separated by the Freiberger gorge from the rest Joglland Kulmmassiv can be considered part area

literature

• Gerhard Karl Lieb: A regional subdivision of Styria due to natural conditions. In: Mitt. Abt. Bot. Landesmus. Joanneum Graz , Volume 20, Graz 1991, pp. 263-292. Online PDF , accessed October 28, 2018.
• Gerhard Karl Lieb: Landscape structure and location conditions Styria. Landscape structures and descriptions for all Styrian districts. Unpublished study on behalf of the Styrian regional government, Graz 1985.
• Sieghard Morawetz: The landscapes of Styria. In: Styria. Country people performance , Graz 1971, pp. 84–93.
• Herbert Paschinger: Styria: Styrian Randgebirge, Grazer Bergland, Styrian Riedelland . Borntraeger , Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-443-16006-9 .
• Hans Spreitzer: Natural landscapes and habitats using the example of Upper Styria. In: Landscape and Land, the subject of geography research (Festschrift E. Obst) , Remagen 1951, pp. 101–122.

Web links

• Landscape structure on the website of the State of Styria
• Map in the Digital Atlas Styria

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Gerhard Karl Lieb : A regional division of Styria due to natural conditions. In: Mitt. Abt. Bot. Landesmus. Joanneum Graz , Volume 20, Graz 1991, pp. 263-292. Online PDF , accessed October 28, 2018.
2. ↑ August Böhm von Böhmersheim: Division of the Eastern Alps. In: Geographische Abhandlungen 1, Vienna 1887, pp. 243–477.
3. ^ Josef Moriggl: Guide for Alpine hikers with a list of refuges in the Eastern Alps , German and Austrian Alpine Association, Munich 1924.
4. ↑ Walter Strzygowski: The division of the Eastern Alps into mountain groups and valley landscapes. In: Geographische Studien (Festschrift J. Sölch) , Vienna 1951, pp. 167–183.
5. ↑ ^{a b} D. Höllhuber: The landscape protection inventory of Styria. Unpublished report by the Austrian Institute for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management, Vienna 1972. Quoted in: Gerhard Karl Lieb: A regional division of Styria based on natural conditions. In: Mitt. Abt. Bot. Landesmus. Joanneum Graz , Volume 20, Graz 1991, pp. 263-292. Online PDF , accessed October 28, 2018.
6. ^ Franz Grassler: Alpine Association Division of the Eastern Alps (AVE). In: Berg '84 (Alpine Club Yearbook No. 108). German and Austrian Alpine Association and Alpine Association South Tyrol, Bergverlag Rother, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-7633-8041-8 , pp. 215-224.
7. ↑ N.1, N.1a, N.1b Dachsteingruppe. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
8. ↑ N.2, N.2a Dead Mountains. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
9. ↑ N.3a, N.3b Ennstal Alps. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
10. ↑ N.4, N.4a, N.4b Eisenerzer Alps. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
11. ↑ N.5, N.5a Hochschwab group - Zeller Staritzen. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
12. ↑ N.6, N.6a Ybbstaler Alps - herb instock. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
13. ↑ No. 7 Türnitz Alps. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
14. ↑ N.8a, N.8b, N.8c, N.8d Mürzsteg Alps. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
15. ↑ N.9 Mürz Valley Alps. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
16. ^ Z.1 Murberge. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
17. ↑ Z.2, Z.2a, Z.2b Gurktal Alps. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
18. ↑ Z.3 Seetal Alps. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
19. ↑ NT.1 Schladming Tauern. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
20. ↑ NT.2, NT.2a Wölzer Tauern - Rottenmanner Tauern. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
21. ↑ NT.3, NT.3 Seckauer Tauern. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
22. ↑ V.1, V.1a, V.1b West Styrian Riedelland. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
23. ↑ V.2 Sausal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
24. ↑ V.3 Windische Bühel. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
25. ↑ V.4, V.4a, V.4b, V.4c Oststeirisches Riedelland. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
26. ↑ V.5 Südburgenländisches Riedel country. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
27. ↑ P.1 Mariazeller pass landscape. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
28. ↑ P.2 Neumarkt pass landscape. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
29. ↑ P.3 Obdacher pass landscape. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
30. ↑ B.1 Ausseer Basin. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
31. ↑ B.2 Mitterndorfer Basin. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
32. ↑ B.3, B.3a Judenburg-Knittelfelder Basin. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
33. ↑ B.4 Trofaiach Basin. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
34. ↑ B.5 Aflenz Basin. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
35. ↑ B.6 Lower Mürz Valley. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
36. ↑ B.7 Middle Mürz Valley. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
37. ↑ B. 8 Köflach-Voitsberg Basin. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
38. ↑ B.9 Gratwein-Gratkorner Basin. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
39. ↑ B.10 Passail Basin. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
40. ↑ T.1 Upper Ennstal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
41. ↑ T.2 Middle Ennstal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
42. ↑ T.3 Lower Ennstal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
43. ↑ T.4 Paltental. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
44. ^ T.5 Pölstal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
45. ↑ T.6 Liesingtal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
46. ↑ T.7 Upper Mur Valley. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
47. ↑ T.8 Middle Mur Valley. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
48. ↑ T.9 Grazer Feld. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
49. ↑ T.10 Leibnitzer Feld. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
50. ↑ T.11 Lower Mur Valley. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
51. ↑ T.12 Kainachtal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
52. ↑ T.13 Laßnitztal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
53. ↑ T.14 Sulmtal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
54. ↑ T.15 Raabtal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
55. ↑ T.16 Feistritztal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
56. ↑ T.17 Lafnitztal. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
57. ↑ R.1 Poßruck. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
58. ↑ R.2, R.2a Koralpe - Reinischkogelzug. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
59. ↑ R.3, R.3a Stubalpe - Packalpe. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
60. ↑ R.4, R.4a Gleinalpe - Hochalpe. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
61. ↑ R.5 Western Grazer Bergland. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
62. ↑ N.1, N.1a, N.1b Dachsteingruppe. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
63. ↑ R.7 Eastern Grazer Bergland. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
64. ↑ R.8 change. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
65. ↑ R.9 Hunchback World. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 
66. ↑ R.10, R.10a Joglland - Kulmmassiv. State of Styria , accessed on November 5, 2018 . 

This version was added to the selection of informative lists and portals on August 11, 2019 .