Bias (Landes)
| Bias | ||
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Country | |
| Arrondissement | Mont-de-Marsan | |
| Canton | Cote d'Argent | |
| Community association | Mimizan | |
| Coordinates | 44 ° 9 ′ N , 1 ° 14 ′ W | |
| height | 20-70 m | |
| surface | 20.95 km 2 | |
| Residents | 739 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 35 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 40170 | |
| INSEE code | 40043 | |
| Website | www.bias40.fr | |
 City Hall of Bias |
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Bias is a French municipality with 739 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of land in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Mont-de-Marsan and the canton of Côte d'Argent (until 2015: canton of Mimizan ).
The name in the Gascognic language is Biars . There are many theories about its origin. The municipality was called Bias-de-Via in earlier times because the Roman road from Bordeaux to Bayonne passed here in Gallo-Roman times .
The inhabitants are called Biassuts .
geography
Bias is about 65 km northwest of Mont-de-Marsan and not far from the coast in the Pays de Born region of the historic province of Gascon .
Bias is surrounded by the neighboring communities:
| Mimizan | ||
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| Saint-Julien-en-Born | Mezos |
The size of the community forest is 587.47 hectares, 90.5% of which are planted with maritime pines .
Bias is located in the catchment area of the coastal river Courant de Mimizan. The Ruisseau de Tirelagüe, a tributary of the Courant de Mimizan, has its source in the municipality, as does its tributary, the Ruisseau du Bourg.
history
The foundation of the parish can be traced back to the years between AD 600 and AD 1,000, although the region was settled much earlier, as numerous archaeological traces around Mimizan show. The first mention in the records probably comes from March 27, 1274 on the occasion of an award on the part of the English king in favor of the prior of Mimizan, who assured him to receive the tenth of the income of the monte Sancti Michaeli de Biars .
A brotherhood settled in Bias in the Middle Ages to help the poor and sick. This was also welcomed by the neighboring communities, who made numerous donations to her.
Over the centuries the community has been threatened by dunes and water. Dunes migrated over the buildings, paths, the forest and fields or dammed rivers into lakes. This situation worsened in the 18th century. The residents tried their best to slow the advance of the sand, but leaseholds disappeared and the first church eventually had to be abandoned around 1742. The new church was completed elsewhere in 1770. This initially had neither a bell tower nor a baptismal font , no cemetery and initially no pastor. In addition, the cattle herd of Bias, whose income was intended for the maintenance of the church, had died out due to an epidemic in 1775. The French king donated 500 livres and the bell tower was erected in 1782. At the beginning of the 19th century, the threat to the second church from the dunes that blocked the flowing waters increased. However, this time the residents were able to prevent further migration of the dunes by planting pine trees, and the mayor ordered the opening of an outlet channel.
In 1833 the government proposed the incorporation of Bias into the neighboring municipality of Mézos, which the municipality of Bias rejected. As a price for independence, a piece of land was forced on the community to make it arable and to plant pine trees. This obligation turned out to be advantageous because it led to strong economic development due to the management of the maritime pines.
A railway line connected Bias with Labouheyre from 1910 . The traffic was very weak because only small settlements were crossed. At the end of 1949, passenger traffic on the 27.8 km long route was discontinued, and goods traffic was discontinued in July 1969. The rails were removed and the route was converted to a forest road.
The 1960s mark the beginning of tourism. In 1965 the first holiday village for 200 people was opened. The guarded beach opened in July 1969 after a road from Bias to the beach was built.
Population development
After the records began, the population rose to around 220 in the middle of the 19th century. This could be sustained until the 1940s, when a dynamic growth phase began which, however, seems to have been declining recently.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2010 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 248 | 269 | 320 | 395 | 505 | 514 | 673 | 765 | 739 |
Attractions
Parish church
It is the third church consecrated to the Archangel Michael as a replacement for the previous church from 1770 and the first church that was crossed by dunes elsewhere. It was built in 1904 by the building contractor Pierre Plantey from Arcachon and according to plans by Henri Depruneaux, architect of the diocese . The figural decorations are the work of the sculptor Jean Eloi Ducom from Mont-de-Marsan. In 1999 the church was restored. Its single nave nave with a length of four bays is extended by a three-walled apse , which is supported by buttresses . The bell tower rises from the building in the western part behind the vestibule. He wears a polygonal helmet that is covered with slate , while the rest of the building is covered with interlocking tiles. In the eastern part two small buildings are attached symmetrically. The interior of the church is covered with a false ribbed vault. Fourteen glass windows are works by the glass painter Gustave Pierre Dagrant from Bordeaux from 1904 and 1905.
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Lecture cross
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Collection plate
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In addition to windows with ornamental motifs, they show
- the Archangel Michael, defeating the dragon and trampling with his feet,
- the fallen angels from the Revelation of John ,
- the Archangel Michael weighing the good and bad deeds of souls ,
- the apostle Peter with key and chain,
- Saint Paul with book and sword,
- John the Evangelist with a dragon and a book,
- the apostle Bartholomew with a knife and a book,
- the apostle Simon Zelotes with a saw,
- Saint Vincent de Paul with a child and a boy,
- Saint Rosa of Lima with a crucifix ,
- Saint Quiteria with a martyr's palm and a sword and
- the motif of the heart of Jesus .
A lecture cross and a collection plate date from the 16th century and have been classified as Monuments historiques since November 5, 1912 . The lecture cross will be kept in the chapel of the Bishop of Dax until it will be exhibited in a museum for religious art objects in Aire-sur-l'Adour .
town hall
It contains eight oil paintings by André Vidal (1880–1940), which were created between 1924 and 1934, with landscape motifs and scenes with farm workers or fishermen. They are inscribed as Monuments historiques since October 9, 2007, as is a sculpture in memory of the fallen .
Source Saint-Michel
The stone comes from the Saint-Barthélemy chapel of the Commandery of the Order of Malta in Saint-Julien-en-Born and disappeared in the 19th century. The chapel used to be in the municipality of Bias before it belongs to Saint-Julien-en-Born. The stone is the slab of a Romanesque altar with a length of 1.48 m, a width of 96 cm and a thickness of 22 cm. There are several legends about whereabouts and strange processes. Alphonse Sargos, Mayor of Bias, retrieved the stone and a restoration in 1979 gave it its current appearance. The statue of the Apostle Bartholomew disappeared on November 11, 1989 and was replaced by a wooden sculpture.
Economy and Infrastructure
Because of tourism, trade and services are the main economic drivers of the municipality.
total = 63
education
The community has a public primary school with 49 students in the 2017/2018 school year.
sport and freetime
- La Maison de l'Airial. The house, which was built in the traditional architectural style of the region, is entirely dedicated to wood. The visitor experiences the material wood with all senses u. a. by means of a slide show , more than 100 essences and a huge xylophone .
- Bias is on the Voie de Soulac , also called Voie du littoral , a byway for pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela . It leads from Soulac-sur-Mer to the Spanish border, where it joins the main routes.
- A 3.6 km to 5 km long nature trail leads around the Étang de Bourg-le-Vieux. to discover flora and fauna.
- On the territory of the municipality there is an adventure park, u. a. with climbing garden, circuit for electric quads , kayaking and canoeing , archery.
traffic
Bias can be reached via Routes départementales 38 and 652, the former Route nationale 626 .
Personalities
Claude Contis, born January 15, 1939 in Bias, was a French rugby union player .
Web links
- Information about the Voie du littoral
- Information from the tourist office for Mimizan and all neighboring communities (French)
- Bias on the association's website (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bias ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d Bias ( fr ) Conseil régional d'Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ Landes ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ^ Forêt communale de Bias ( fr ) Municipality of Bias. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ Ma commune: Bias ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ Gérard GASTON: Bias en Born . Lulu.com, 2014, ISBN 978-1-291-81865-9 , pp. 16 (French, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Les sables et l'église de Bias ( fr ) Municipality of Bias. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ Labouheyre / Bias ( fr ) Voies ferrées des Landes. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ^ Les débuts du tourisme à Bias ( fr ) Municipality of Bias. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ Notice Communale Bias ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Bias (40043) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ Populations légales 2015 Commune de Bias (40043) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ a b église paroissiale Saint-Michel ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ a b Mobilier ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ La croix de Bias ( fr ) Municipality of Bias. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ^ Fontaine Saint Michel ( fr ) Municipality of Bias. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Bias (40043) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ↑ La voie du Littoral ( fr ) Societé Landaise des Amis de St. Jacques et d'Études Compostellanes. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
