Escalans

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Escalans
Escalans (France)
Escalans
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Country
Arrondissement Mont-de-Marsan
Canton Haute Lande Armagnac
Community association Landes d'Armagnac
Coordinates 44 ° 1 ′  N , 0 ° 3 ′  E Coordinates: 44 ° 1 ′  N , 0 ° 3 ′  E
height 86-176 m
surface 30.31 km 2
Residents 259 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 9 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 40310
INSEE code 40093

Caumale Castle

Escalans is a French municipality with 259 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of land in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Mont-de-Marsan and the canton of Haute Lande Armagnac (until 2015: canton of Gabarret ).

The name is also Escalans in the Gascognischen language . It is derived from the Latin scalae and means "ladder, step", a reference to the geographical location on a slight hill.

The inhabitants are called Escalanais and Escalanaises .

geography

Escalans is located about 45 km east of Mont-de-Marsan in the Armagnac countryside in the historic province of Gascony on the eastern border with the neighboring departments of Lot-et-Garonne and Gers .

Escalans is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Losse Rimbez-et-Baudiets
Mr.
Gabarret 		Neighboring communities Sos (Lot-et-Garonne)
Saint-Pé-Saint-Simon
(Lot-et-Garonne)
Parleboscq Castelnau d'Auzan Labarrère (Gers)

Escalans lies in the catchment area of ​​the Garonne River .

The Gélise , a tributary of the Baïse , marks the border with the neighboring municipality of Castelnau d'Auzan Labarrère in the southwest.

Tributaries of the Gélise cross the territory of the commune,

  • the Ruisseau de l'Arriou-Cagne and
  • the Rimbez with its tributaries,
    • the Ruisseau de Lacoume, which rises in Escalans,
    • the Petit Rimbez and
    • the Ruisseau de la Chichoue, which rises in Escalans.

history

Escalans was first mentioned in 1088 in connection with the donation of the Church de Scalens to the monastery of Eauze in what is now the Gers department . The Gabardan region, in which the municipality is located, was a constant scene of clashes between English and French troops from the 12th century to 1453, the end of the Hundred Years War . In the Middle Ages , the Saint-Loubert priory established its seat in the municipality. In July 1230, Archbishop Amanieu von Auch donated the parish church of Escalans to the Abbey of La Sauve-Majeure in what is now the Gironde department . In 1544 the management of the priory went to the monastery of Eauze. After the end of the Hundred Years War, the region suffered from the Huguenot Wars in the 16th century . In the same century, Caumal Castle was built as the seat of the landlord family . By 1789, when the French Revolution began , the communities in the region experienced peace and prosperity. In the 19th century the culture of the Course Landaise , a traditional bloodless game with specially bred bulls, developed. Escalans' economy was primarily centered around the Tillet flour mill and a brickworks that ceased operations in 1930. In the 20th century the importance of the production of brandy in the municipality increased.

Population development

After records began, the population rose to a peak of around 740 by the first half of the 19th century. In the following period, the size of the community fell to around 220 inhabitants during short recovery phases up to the 1980s, before a moderate growth phase at the turn of the millennium began, which continues today.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2010 2017
Residents 346 301 252 218 220 219 244 251 259
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 1999, INSEE from 2006

Attractions

Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste

Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste

The Romanesque church was erected shortly after it was donated to the monastery of Eauze in 1088. The semicircular apse with its belt of sculptured capitals , a southern apsidiole and a wall of a northern apsidiole that no longer exists today are present of this building. In the southern apsidiole can still be seen an inscription after on a 16 December, the main altar of the Holy Peter and Paul was consecrated. The year is not mentioned, undoubtedly the consecration took place at the beginning of the 12th century. The nave and transept were built later in the same century. The parish church has been consecrated to St. John the Baptist since Archbishop Amanieu's donation to the Abbey of La Sauve-Majeure . In the course of the following centuries there were several changes and extensions. Presumably, in the 14th century, the western wall of the southern transept was reinforced with a large arcade made of a pointed arch and a narrow stair tower in the northwest corner. The tower served as a staircase to a fortified upper floor. The upper part of the southern wall of the nave was rebuilt and equipped with windows in the form of double lancets with a three-pass . At the same time, the western facade was converted into a triangular bell gable and fortified. The floor above the nave was extended to a balcony with loopholes . However, these precautions could not prevent the effects of armed conflicts as a result. Around 1500 some parts of the building were destroyed or made dilapidated. This applies in particular to the northern apse-idol, which was replaced by a rectangular chapel with a domed vault using earlier building materials. The arms of the transept have been restored and given a four-part ribbed vault . In the 16th century a new stair tower was built south of the west facade, the previous entrance in the south wall was bricked up and a new entrance was set up in the west facade. In the period that followed, only a few changes were made. The southern apsidiole was converted into a sacristy by closing its entrance arch and creating direct access to the chancel . The same procedure was initially taken up for the small chapel. Later, however, it was reduced to the function of a storage room for the rectory , which was added to the north of the nave in the 17th or 18th century. It has since been abandoned and its interesting dome has been destroyed. The church has been inscribed as a Monument historique since June 18, 1973 .

The main altar mentioned in the inscription on the apse is no longer there. The ten capitals in the choir date from the 12th century. Five of them are of the Corinthian order and have two rows of leaves or are decorated with balls. The other five are decorated as illustrations. On the first capital on the right, two winged lions can be seen leaning on the corner with all four paws. They twist their heads and bite the ends of their wings. The meaning of this threatening scene is unclear. The four capitals in the background of the choir tell of the meeting of evil and good. On the left, two mermaids symbolize temptation and two signs of the zodiac , Sagittarius and Gemini , the symbols of fortune tellers who pretend to know the future. On the side are two eagles with outspread wings for pride and violence. Opposite you can see Daniel defeating the lions in the pit. Next to it, birds sit in vines and peck at the grapes, a traditional symbol of the Eucharist . Only very few items of equipment from the era of the Ancien Régimes are left , such as the baptismal font , the pulpit or an armchair for the priest celebrating mass , which date from the late 18th century. A glass window is the work of the glass painters Pierre-Grégoire Raynon and Antoine-Marie Sotta from Condom in the neighboring Gers department, who realized it in 1867. The pointed arch-shaped lancet shows the patron saint of the church, John the Baptist, with a lamb. Two further stained glass windows with geometric and plant ornaments are by Gustave Pierre Dagrant from Bordeaux and were made in 1977.

Parish Church of Saint-Jérôme

The church was mentioned relatively late in the records. It is believed to have been built in the 15th century, as evidenced by the five-walled apse and the original vault, from which the beginnings of the vaults and the supporting arches remain. At first it was consecrated to St. Meille or Eumelia, later to the church father Hieronymus and St. Radegundis . During the Huguenot Wars in the 16th century, the building was damaged, if not completely destroyed. The vault was probably restored in the 18th century. At the same time, a new entrance was created on the south side as a replacement for the earlier, now walled up entrance on the west side. From now on, three large windows illuminate the nave as a supplement to the five narrow Gothic windows in the choir. In 1841 the vault was replaced by today's paneling . Despite minor repairs and embellishment work by Italian painters Sotta and Ferrari, the building fell into disrepair in the following century until a recent rescue operation.

Today's nave contains a main nave three bays in length, which is extended by an apse of the same width, which is secured with a buttress . A sacristy adjoins the choir in the south. The west side is dominated by a high wall, which is supported by two thick buttresses. These converge at the top to form an arch made of bricks that forms a weir bay that was reinforced with defensive elements that have now disappeared. The upper part of the wall forms the bell gable. At the southwest corner, a stair tower allows access to the weir bay and the bell gable. With the exception of a stone holy water basin from the 17th century, the pulpit basket from the 18th or 19th century and a bell without an inscription from the 18th century, all other furnishings were made at the beginning of the 20th century. The objects of the Church described and many other objects are registered as national cultural assets.

Caumale Castle

The first mention of the manor of Caumale goes back to the year 1618 with the indication of a Fortis Grenier as the manor. Jean-Bernard de Grenier was the landlord in 1689. In 1758, Caumale seems to have a greater importance, because it was mentioned that Jean-Marie de Caumale had paid homage and was entitled to own a castle and a garden. The Grenier de Caumale family remained the owners of the castle until the middle of the 19th century. The castle, the silhouette of which is reminiscent of a medieval Gascon castle, was built at the end of the 16th or the beginning of the 17th century and redesigned inside in the 19th century. The quadrangular residential wing is surrounded by four corner towers and a stair tower. It is located in the center of a wall belt to which agricultural outbuildings are attached. The castle has been registered as a Monument historique since January 31, 2002 . It is privately owned, but can be viewed in the summer months.

Castle offices

Joseph Barrère bought the estate from his parents' employer and started the previous owner's livestock business. At the same time he introduced bull breeding for the Courses Landaises. He quickly showed himself talented in running his company and was initially the only active person in the division after the First World War . In 1895 he had today's castle built on the estate as an outward sign of his success. It has the architectural style typical of the Armagnac castles and consists of a two-story building with two towers and a central risalit with a triangular gable.

Economy and Infrastructure

Bottle with Armagnac

The economy of the commune is determined primarily by the production of Armagnac and tourism.

Escalans is located in the AOC areas of Armagnac (Armagnac-Ténarèze, Bas Armagnac and Haut Armagnac), Blanche-Armagnacs, and Floc de Gascogne , a fortified wine .

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
total = 36

sport and freetime

The Dutchman Richard Westerink is the owner of the Trotteur Français Timoko, born on April 27, 2007, one of the most successful trotters in the history of trotting . His stud is in Escalans.

traffic

Escalans can be reached via routes départementales 35, 59, 381 and 656.

Web links

Commons : Escalans  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Escalans ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b c Escalans ( fr ) Conseil régional d'Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  3. ↑ Landes ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  4. ↑ Ma commune: Escalans ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  6. ↑ Notice Communale Escalans ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  7. ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune d'Escalans (40093) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  8. ↑ Populations légales 2015 Commune d'Escalans (40093) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  9. ^ Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  10. ↑ a b ESCALANS Eglise Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Comité d'études pour l'Histoire et l'Art de la Gascogne (CEHAG) and Amis des Eglises Anciennes the country (AEAL). December 8, 2002. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  11. ↑ le mobilier de l'église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  12. ↑ verrière: Saint Jean-Baptiste (baie 0) ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  13. ↑ ensemble de 2 verrières décoratives (baies 1 et 2) ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  14. ↑ a b église paroissiale Saint-Jérôme ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  15. ↑ le mobilier de l'église paroissiale Saint-Jérôme ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  16. ↑ Château de Caumale ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  17. ↑ Château de Caumale ( fr ) chateau-fort-manoir-chateau.eu. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  18. ↑ Château de Buros ( fr ) chateau-fort-manoir-chateau.eu. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  19. ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  20. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune d'Escalans (40093) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved March 28, 2018.