Garein

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Garein
Garein (France)
Garein
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Country
Arrondissement Mont-de-Marsan
Canton Haute Lande Armagnac
Community association Cœur Haute Lande
Coordinates 44 ° 3 ′  N , 0 ° 39 ′  W Coordinates: 44 ° 3 ′  N , 0 ° 39 ′  W
height 65-106 m
surface 57.10 km 2
Residents 436 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 8 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 40420
INSEE code 40105

Cercle des Associations

Garein is a French municipality with 436 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of land in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Mont-de-Marsan and the canton of Haute Lande Armagnac (until 2015: canton of Labrit ).

The name in the Gascognic language is Garenh . It appears to be a derivative of the municipality's original name, which was Garenches , meaning a wooded or grassy area where wild rabbits live.

The inhabitants are called Garinois and Garinoises .

geography

Garein is located about 20 km northwest of Mont-de-Marsan in the historic province of Gascony .

Garein is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Vert
Luglon Neighboring communities Brocas
Ygos-Saint-Saturnin Geloux Cère

Garein lies in the catchment area of ​​the River Adour .

The Geloux , a tributary of the Midouze , crosses the territory of the municipality, as does its tributaries, the Ruisseau de Marc and the Ruisseau de Richelieu, both of which have their source in Garein. The Ruisseau de Couyon, also called Ruisseau de Lesbasses, is a tributary of the Ruisseau de Nahouns and also rises on the territory of the municipality.

history

During the Gallo-Roman period, the municipality was an important settlement on a Roman road that connected Bazas in what is now the Gironde department with Vieux-Boucau-les-Bains . As a result, this ancient road became a route for pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela . In 1857 it was decided to drain the Landes in order to reclaim the region, which was previously regarded as wild land. For this purpose, it was up to the municipality to forest their area. Chambrelent and Henri Crouzet, engineers of the Ponts et Chaussées , therefore planted pines in the vicinity of Garein. With their wood, tree sap could now be collected and posts for mines, railway sleepers and boxes for industry could be made. A factory for processing charcoal was also located near the center.

Population development

After records began, the population rose to around 890 by the middle of the 19th century. In the following period, the size of the community fell to around 375 inhabitants during short recovery phases by the 1990s, before a moderate growth phase began, which still continues today.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2010 2017
Residents 436 401 410 385 373 382 422 424 436
From 1962 official figures without residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 2006, INSEE from 2010

Attractions

Parish Church of Notre-Dame

West facade apse
West facade
apse
Entrance portal Capital of the entrance portal
Entrance portal
Capital of the entrance portal

The church has been inscribed as Monuments historiques since July 30, 1968 . No source documents exist prior to the records of Monsignor de Sarret de Gaujac's pastoral visit on January 10, 1751. For this reason, an analysis of the architecture reveals the chronology of the building, which has several characteristics that many churches in the region have. This analysis is made more difficult by the fact that almost all walls are plastered inside and out. The oldest part is the nave with two unequal yokes , which are separated by columns set into the wall. The eastern, larger yoke opens to the choir . The small thickness of the walls with medium brickwork and the narrow buttresses suggest that the nave was initially covered with a simple beam. Today none of the original windows can be seen. The simple decor of the western entrance, which dates from the same period, allows it to be dated to the late 12th century. A single archivolt falls on two pillars with sculpted capitals . On the left an upright person seems to be fighting a lion, on the right only one animal can be seen with its paw on a volute . It could be a representation of Daniel in the den of lions , a widely used symbol of the victorious struggle of good versus evil. The tympanum is bare. The walls and the groin vault of the three-walled apse and the bell gable in the west probably come from the time of the emerging Gothic in the course of the 13th century. The choir received its wall painting at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. The Hundred Years War created the need to fortify the church. For this purpose, a floor with fastening elements was created above the choir. On the north wall of the nave, loopholes and remains of capitals can still be seen today, which could have belonged to a weir . The ribbed vault of the nave was probably built after the beginning of the peace period, perhaps only around 1600 with the end of the Huguenot Wars . An increase in the population created the need to enlarge the church. The aisle on the south side was added at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, perhaps at the same time as the sacristy , which it extends. It opens to the main nave by means of two arcades. Another measure was the erection of a gallery that is accessible from the side aisle. The windows were reworked to their present form in the 18th or 19th century. Another entrance in the west wall of the aisle was opened at a later date. The vestibule was reworked in 1889, if not completely rebuilt as a replacement for an earlier wooden structure. A major restoration of the church took place in 2008 and 2009.

The most significant element of the church is its wall paintings. Those of the choir were probably already there in 1751, but were found again during a restoration in 1889. The painters Louis Augier et Léon Millet from Bordeaux restored and completed them. Another work on the east wall of the aisle was very likely made before 1751 and rediscovered in 1993. The upper level in the vault of the choir dates from the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century and tells of the coronation of Mary . The also crowned Christ blesses his mother with his right hand and holds the crown with his left. This is a deviation from the usual iconography , which is presumably attributable to the restorers of 1890. Originally, the right hand should have held a book. The scene is accompanied by an angel above the couple and two others kneeling on a cloud to the left and right. The angel on the left carries the sun, the one on the right the moon. In response to the scene, Mary can be seen on the lower level in a mandorla with baby Jesus on a throne. She is accompanied by two saints kneeling on clouds, on the left James the Elder with his pilgrim's staff and his pilgrim's bag, on the right Antonius the Great with his Antonius cross , his bell and his pig. Their monograms and symbols, combined with the monogram of Mary and the papal and episcopal coats of arms complete the mural painting on the right yoke of the choir. Depictions of St. Anthony and St. James can also be seen as reliefs on the wings of the entrance door, which are made of oak and date from the end of the 17th or the first half of the 18th century. Other items of equipment dating from before 1751 are the pulpit , the wrought-iron staircase of which was made a little later, the holy water stoup , the seat for the priest celebrating mass and the baptismal font . The glass windows were created by the glass painter Henri Feur at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries . The described and many other items of equipment of the church are registered as national cultural assets.

Economy and Infrastructure

Even today, forestry and production based on tree resin are the most important economic factors in the community.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
total = 45

education

The community has a public primary school with 43 pupils in the 2017/2018 school year.

sport and freetime

Logo of the Graine de Forêt educational trail
  • The Graine de Forêt educational trail is dedicated to getting to know the Landes forest. It begins in the center of the community at a half-timbered house from the 18th century and leads as an educational trail with a length of one kilometer through the forest to a plant garden, in which every visitor can plant the seeds of a maritime pine .
  • A circular path with a length of 16.6 km leads from the center of Garein on foot or by bike through the community's pine forest.
  • The community has the football club US Garein , whose team plays in the regional league of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

traffic

Garein can be reached via the Routes départementales 57, 353 and 834, the former Route nationale 134 .

Web links

Commons : Garein  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Garein ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b c Garein ( fr ) Conseil régional d'Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved on April 19, 2018.
  3. ↑ Landes ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  4. ↑ Ma commune: Garein ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  5. ↑ Notice Communale Garein ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  6. ↑ Populations légales 2015 Commune de Garein (40105) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  7. ^ Eglise Notre-Dame ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  8. ↑ église paroissiale Notre-Dame ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  9. ↑ a b GAREIN. église Notre-Dame ( fr ) Comité d'études pour l'Histoire et l'Art de la Gascogne (CEHAG) and Amis des églises Anciennes des Landes (AEAL). December 8, 2002. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  10. ↑ le mobilier de l'église paroissiale Notre-Dame ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  11. ↑ peinture monumentale: Couronnement de la Vierge, Vierge à l'Enfant trônant entre saint Jacques le Majeur et saint Antoine abbé ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  12. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Garein (40105) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  13. ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  14. ↑ 51 communes du Parc Naturel Regional des Landes de Gascogne ( fr , PDF) Parc Naturel Régional des Landes de Gascogne. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 19, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ecotourisme-landes-de-gascogne.fr
  15. ↑ Le sentier de Graine de Forêt ( fr ) Comité Départemental du Tourisme des Landes. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 19, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tourismelandes.com
  16. ↑ A Garein, la forêt inspiratrice ( fr ) Comité Départemental du Tourisme of the country. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  17. ↑ US Garein ( fr ) French Football Federation . Retrieved April 19, 2018.