Brocas

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Brocas
Brocas (France)
Brocas
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Country
Arrondissement Mont-de-Marsan
Canton Haute Lande Armagnac
Community association Cœur Haute Lande
Coordinates 44 ° 3 ′  N , 0 ° 32 ′  W Coordinates: 44 ° 3 ′  N , 0 ° 32 ′  W
height 54–111 m
surface 53.46 km 2
Residents 789 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 15 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 40420
INSEE code 40056
Website www.brocas.fr

Place Robert Bézos with the church and town hall

Brocas (unofficially Brocas-les-Forges ) is a French municipality with 789 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of land in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Mont-de-Marsan and the canton of Haute Lande Armagnac (until 2015: canton of Labrit ).

The name in the Gascognischen language is Brocar . Its origin is the name of the plant that surrounds the place, because the Gascognic word broc means " hawthorn ".

The inhabitants are called Brocassais and Brocassaises .

geography

Brocas is about 15 km north of Mont-de-Marsan in the historic province of Gascony .

Brocas is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Vert
Labrit
Garein Neighboring communities Bélis
Maillères
Cère Canenx-et-Réaut

Brocas is located in the catchment area of ​​the Adour River .

The Estrigon , a tributary of the Midouze , crosses the territory of the municipality, as does its tributaries,

  • the Ruisseau Las Garrègues,
  • the Ruisseau de Biensang,
  • the Ruisseau de Champoou, which rises in Brocas,
  • the Ruisseau de Barbe,
  • the bario and
  • the Ruisseau de Tourtilla, which rises in Brocas.
Former station building
arena

history

In 1818 a tumulus with several sarcophagi was destroyed in Brocas . In 1849 a mosaic was found that proves the existence of a villa in Gallo-Roman times . The lords of Brocas, a subsidiary of the d'Albret family, settled in Brocas from the 12th to the 14th centuries. During the Huguenot Wars , the church was damaged and looted by Protestant troops in 1569 . In the confusion of the Fronde , this happened again in 1653. In the 19th century Brocas experienced an economic boom with the advent of iron smelting. Until then, Brocas was surrounded by a cork oak forest , which disappeared and with it forestry to make room for the blacksmiths. To emphasize the importance of this industry, the municipality took the name Brocas-les-Forges . On January 15, 1843, the Estrigon caused a flood and a flood occurred in which several people died and one was missing. Due to the Franco-Prussian War , the forging industry experienced a final boom with the production of weapons before the factories were finally closed in 1889. The foundries continued to operate until the beginning of the 20th century when they were relocated to Villenave-d'Ornon in the neighboring Gironde department .

Brocas owned a train station on the railway line that connected Mont-de-Marsan to Luxey and opened in 1906. In 1955 the transport of people was stopped, in 1959 the freight transport.

Population development

After records began, the population rose to around 1300 levels by the mid-19th century, which was maintained until the beginning of the 20th century. In the period that followed, the size of the community fell to around 615 inhabitants during short recovery phases until the 1980s, before a phase of growth began that continues today.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2010 2017
Residents 838 718 639 616 656 700 766 787 789
From 1962 official figures without residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 2006, INSEE from 2010

Town twinning

Brocas has had a town partnership since 2017 with:

Attractions

Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste
Entrance portal
Main altar
Side altar

Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste

It is dedicated to John the Baptist . The first church owned by the Saint-Sever Abbey dates from the 11th century. It was rebuilt in the 12th century. In 1569, Protestant troops looted and damaged the church, and in 1652 it was again damaged . In 1856 the church was restored and enlarged according to plans by the architect Jules Sibien. The nave was a southern aisle extended. The choir was moved to the west and the entrance portal to the east with a renovation in the neo-Romanesque style. Despite this work, the vault collapsed on the night of March 2nd to 3rd, 1928. The reconstruction under the direction of the architect Franck Bonnefous from Mont-de-Marsan was completed in 1930, as the date "MCMXXX" engraved on the step of the entrance and the inscription "1.3.30 / MB / 1930" inside the bell tower on the first Attest floor. The special thing about this latest building is that it is the only church building in the department to be made entirely of reinforced concrete . A renewed restoration of the facade and the bell tower began in 2015. Today's church has three naves with a length of four bays , which are separated by pillars that support large arched arcades . The nave is extended by a three-walled apse , which is flanked by two sacristies . The square bell tower with its almost flat tent roof rises from the east facade. The entrance portal with archivolts is located at its foot . The mosaic on the tympanum comes from the workshop of the glass painter Gustave Pierre Dagrant from Bordeaux in 1930. It shows the iconography of the Evangelist John , beardless and holding the book of the Gospel , which is based on a mix-up. The entry of the church from 1335 in the Liber aureus of the diocese of Aire-sur-l'Adour reads Sanctus Joannes .

Three glass windows are works by the glass painter Gustave Pierre Dagrant from 1865, which were reused in the new building in 1930. In order for these to fit into the new, larger window openings, they were extended at the bottom in 1930 by rectangular sections with round medallions .

The following representations are shown in these three glass windows:

The last two windows were partially destroyed in January 2009 by the winter storm Klaus , after which restoration began in the same year.

Another nine stained glass windows date from 1930 and come from the studio of the sons of the glass painter Gustave Pierre Dagrant.

They show biblical people and scenes:

  • Mary with baby Jesus on a throne and with a crown,
  • Saint Joseph with a corner and a lily,
  • the apostle Peter with key and book,
  • the Archangel Michael with shield and spear, a snake with his feet kicking,
  • Saint Vincent de Paul , bearing a child,
  • the Immaculate Conception,
  • the baptism of Jesus ,
  • Saint Paul with book and sword and
  • Decoration with cross, angles and vine tendrils.

The current church has retained several items of furniture from the collapse of the vault in 1928. the oldest and most important is the main altar made of polychrome marble , the work of the Mazzetti brothers, who came from Piedmont and who settled in Avignon in the second half of the 18th century . These and many other objects are registered as national cultural assets. The church has been inscribed as a Monument historique since August 6, 2013 .

  • Stained glass window of the parish church

  • Paul

  • Baptism of Jesus

  • Immaculate conception and proclamation of the Lord

  • Joseph with baby Jesus and Joseph's death

  • Notre-Dame de Lourdes

  • Vincent de Paul

  • Peter

  • Mary with baby Jesus

  • Joseph

  • archangel Michael

Aon Castle

Aon Castle

The castle was built at the end of the 16th century by Pierre de Castelnau, who bought the manor of Brocas and assumed the title of baron . The property remained in the hands of the Castelnau family until 1779, when it passed back to the Aon family via marriage and the castle took their name. The castle remained uninhabited during the French Revolution , but the Aon family, Barons von Brocas, have settled down again afterwards. A family member of the Aon was killed in the flood in 1843. The building consists of a single-storey residential wing, which is flanked by two pavilions , each with two floors. It is extended to the north with a wing of the building that was intended for the servants. The cross of the Order of Malta , to which the Castelnau family belonged, is engraved on the gable of the facade . The castle grounds are only covered with little forest. The motifs on the chimneys date from the time of the directorate . The castle has not undergone any changes with the exception of the change of the facade side when the road between Brocas and Labrit was laid. It is privately owned and not open to the public.

Blacksmith Museum

Blast furnace, built in 1833

The royal decree of March 4, 1830 allowed Dominique Lareillet to build a blast furnace in Brocas. This and the necessary outbuildings were erected, and the first loading took place on June 12, 1833. With its height of eleven meters, the restored blast furnace, which can be seen on the museum grounds, is one of the last testimonies of 19th century industry in the Country. Up until 1905, mainly home furnishings were manufactured here.

The Musée des forges association was founded in 1989 and has set itself the task of telling the hard work of the ancestors and keeping it in memory. The workers' apartments still exist next to the former coal store and the workshops. In the building of the former grain mill , information boards with explanations of the techniques, tools and video films together with examples of products such as firebacks provide information about the industrial activity at the time.

The former blast furnace, the flour mill, the two buildings that made up the former “workshop”, the building called the “barn” and the dam have been inscribed as Monuments historiques since September 18, 2006 Logo monument historique - rouge ombré sans texte.svg.

Economy and Infrastructure

Breeding bull

Trade and services are the main economic drivers of the community. Brocas has an arena for a Course Landaise , a traditional bloodless game with wild bulls, or other public events. La Ganadería Malabat has been located in the Malabat district since 1993, where fighting bulls have been raised. Visitors can see how around a hundred animals are kept or, on special days, watch the application of branding to calves.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
total = 57

education

The municipality has a public preschool and elementary school with 73 pupils in the 2017/2018 school year.

sport and freetime

  • A circular path with a length of 12 km leads through the municipality through pine forests and lagoons without any difference in altitude.

traffic

Brocas can be reached via Routes départementales 153, 353 and 651, the former Route nationale 651 .

Personalities

  • Adolphe Larreillet, born on March 29, 1805 in Parentis-en-Born , died on January 15, 1843 in Brocas, was the founder and operator of the Brocas forge. He was also mayor of the municipality from 1840 until his death. Adolphe Larreillet drowned in the flood while trying to save the furnace. His body was never found.

Web links

Commons : Brocas  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brocas ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b Brocas ( fr ) Conseil régional d'Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  3. ↑ Landes ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  4. ↑ Ma commune: Brocas ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  6. ↑ Description of the line Luxey / Mont-de-Marsan ( fr ) Voies ferrées des Landes. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  7. ↑ Notice Communale Brocas ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  8. ↑ Populations légales 2015 Commune de Brocas (40056) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  9. ↑ Jean-Marie Tinarrage: Brocas et leur amitié Latulipe Forgent ( fr ) Sud Ouest . July 7, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  10. ^ Frédéric Denis: Curiosité du patrimoine des Landes: l'église de Brocas est entièrement construite en béton armé ( fr ) Radio France . September 18, 2015. Accessed February 13, 2018.
  11. ↑ a b c ensemble de 3 verrières: Salvator Mundi et Calvaire, Immaculée Conception et Annonciation, Saint Joseph à l'Enfant et Mort de saint Joseph (baies 0 à 2) ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  12. ↑ a b ensemble de 9 verrières: Notre-Dame de Buglose, Saint Joseph, Saint Pierre, Saint Michel, Saint Vincent de Paul, Notre-Dame de Lourdes, Baptême du Christ, Saint Paul (baies 3 à 11) ( fr ) Ministry for culture and communication . Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  13. ↑ le mobilier de l'église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  14. ^ Eglise Saint-Jean ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  15. ↑ Château d'Aon ( fr ) chateau-fort-manoir-chateau.eu. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  16. ↑ Histoire ( fr ) Municipality of Brocas. 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  17. ↑ Bienvenue sur le site du Musée des Forges ( fr ) Municipality of Brocas. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  18. ^ Anciennes forges ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  19. ↑ Brocas ( fr ) Communauté de communes Cœur Haute Lande. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  20. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Brocas (40056) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  21. ^ École maternelle et élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  22. ↑ 51 communes du Parc Naturel Regional des Landes de Gascogne ( fr , PDF) Parc Naturel Régional des Landes de Gascogne. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 13, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ecotourisme-landes-de-gascogne.fr
  23. ↑ A Brocas, l'écobalade des lagunes ( fr , PDF) Parc naturel regional des Landes de Gascogne. Retrieved February 13, 2018.