Cazalis (Landes)

Cazalis
region	Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department	Country
Arrondissement	Mont-de-Marsan
Canton	Chalosse Tursan
Community association	Chalosse Tursan
Coordinates	43 ° 38 ′ N , 0 ° 40 ′ W Coordinates: 43 ° 38 ′ N , 0 ° 40 ′ W
height	40-127 m
surface	5.13 km 2
Residents	134 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	26 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	40700
INSEE code	40079
	; Cazalis Town Hall

Cazalis is a French municipality with 134 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of land in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Mont-de-Marsan and the canton of Chalosse Tursan (until 2015: canton of Hagetmau ).

The name in the Gascognischen language is Casalís . It is derived from the Latin casale and means "agricultural property" and indicates the location of the center of the community around a former castle.

The inhabitants are called Cazalisiens and Cazalisiennes .

geography

Cazalis is located about 35 km southwest of Mont-de-Marsan in the Chalosse region of the historic province of Gascony .

Cazalis is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

	Saint-Cricq-Chalosse
Brassempouy
	Nassiet	Momuy

Cazalis lies in the catchment area of the Adour River . A tributary of the Luy de France , the Ruisseau de Cazalis, crosses the territory of the municipality as does its tributary, the Ruisseau des Saougues, which rises in Cazalis.

history

A hand ax from the Paleolithic and an ax from the Neolithic have been found in the area of the municipality and prove that settlement was very early on. The presence of the Roman military can be recognized by traces of a camp near the Lamarian mill. In 1272 the first landlord was mentioned in the records. It is Guilhem Arnaud de Cazalis in connection with his devotion to the English king. Coins from that period have been unearthed on the site of the earlier moth near the church. Protestant troops ravaged the church during the Huguenot Wars in 1569. Until the French Revolution , Cazalis was the seat of a manor. At the beginning of the 18th century, the landlord Fortisson was known as a captain in the service of the French queen. The stately palace was partially damaged during the revolution and finally demolished in 1820. Today only a part of its moat and the remains of the earlier castle chapel from the 16th century remain.

Cazalis owned a train station on the railway line of the Compagnie des Tramways à Vapeur de la Chalosse et du Béarn , which connected Aire-sur-l'Adour with Amou and opened in 1909. In the 1930s, first the transport of people, later the freight traffic, was stopped due to a lack of economic efficiency.

Population development

After records began, the population rose to a high of around 335 by the middle of the 19th century. As a result, the size of the community sank with short recovery phases until the 1990s to a level of around 135 inhabitants, which is still held today.

year	1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2010	2017
Residents	187	165	167	157	132	134	131	149	134

From 1962 official figures without residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 2006, INSEE from 2010

Attractions

Parish Church of Saint-Laurent

Parish Church of Saint-Laurent

The ground plan of the semicircular apse indicates that the parish church, consecrated to Laurentius of Rome , was originally built during the Romanesque era. Devastated by Protestant troops in 1569, it took until 1753 for most of it to be rebuilt. The corresponding year can be found on a stone that was built into the western wall. At the same time a side aisle was probably added on the south side. The bell tower dates from 1902. Extensive restorations took place in 1980 and 2009. Today's church has a nave with a length of two bays , which is extended by an apse of the same width. The aisle opens to the main aisle via arched arcades . Both naves are covered with a plaster ceiling, the main nave is slightly vaulted. The sacristy is located south of the choir . The bell tower is equipped with a polygonal helmet covered with slate .

The church was able to preserve many important furnishings from the time before the French Revolution. These include the main altar with its tabernacle from the end of the 17th century and its retable with the central painting from the middle of the 18th century. This oil painting illustrates the crucifixion scene where Jesus turns his eyes to heaven at the moment of the invocation of God. On the left hand side Mary folds her hands in prayer, on the right hand side the patron saint of the church, St. Laurentius, wears a red dalmatic with a gilt passament and a maniple over his arm. He is holding a martyr's palm and leaning on the bars of his martyrdom . The oil paintings on the side of the reredos were made in 1864 by the painter François Lataste from Tarbes as a replacement for earlier paintings on the spot that had been damaged over time. Together they carry the theme of the Annunciation and are a reproduction of a painting by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo . On the left, Maria is shown kneeling behind a prayer chair with a book on it. In the front there is a wicker basket, in the upper right corner the dove of the Holy Spirit . The right picture shows the other actor in the scene, the Archangel Gabriel , half kneeling on a cloud, a lily in his left hand and his right hand pointing to the sky. Both paintings were restored in 2009. The original grave-shaped main altar was replaced in 1976 by an altar from the Agès chapel in the Monségur municipality . The curved altar dates from the late 18th or early 19th century, is made of wood and painted to imitate marble with red, yellow and gray grain. The marble imitation was only applied in 2009 as part of a restoration by a workshop in Bordeaux . In the middle of the front is the relief of the noun sacrum IHS , surrounded by a leather cartridge with two palm trees.

A side altar of the church is dedicated to Mary. His retable probably dates from the middle of the 18th century, the altar and the classical tabernacle date from the years 1820 to 1850. On the door of the tabernacle, the motif of the heart of Jesus is depicted in a halo, above the door cherubine heads in one A wreath of rays, flowers falling on the left and right of the door on a ribbon. The bevelled corners of the shrine are worked with consoles made of acanthus leaves , the outer ends of the tabernacle embellished with volutes . The central niche, which is bordered with laurel and the vault of which is decorated with a shell, is filled with a statue of Mary with baby Jesus made of gilded wood. Two small angel statues, also gilded, are attached to the top of the niche. The virgin wears a pleated robe that is tightened at the waist with a belt, a headscarf and a cloak decorated with large flowers. On her left arm she carries the naked baby Jesus, who is holding a gold-plated globe in his left hand. The two angels with gilded wings indicate a royal crown between them. Falling flowers, which are held together with a ribbon, and fluted and sheathed pilasters of Corinthian order flank the niche.

A very old element is the holy water stoup at the entrance to the church, the basin of which was made from a Corinthian capital made of white marble, possibly dating from the Gallo-Roman period . The small bell of the church was cast in 1846 by François Delestan from Dax and his partner Malet from Samadet , the other two by his son Louis-Rémy Delestan in 1880. The stained glass windows of the church were installed in two steps. A set of two windows is the work of stained glass Mauméjean from Pau from 1866. One window shows the apostle Peter holding the keys and a book and trampling on pieces of an ancient cornice , a symbol of defeated paganism . The other window shows St. Vincent de Paul carrying a child who has been abandoned. Three other windows are works by the glass painter Louis-Victor Gesta from Toulouse , which were created in the second half of the 19th century. These show geometric and plant motifs. The windows are completed by a geometric composition by the glass painter Brigitte Nogaro from 2009 in the choir. The described and many other items of equipment of the church are registered as national cultural assets.

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture is one of the most important economic factors in the municipality.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
Total = 12

sport and freetime

Cazalis is located in the Landes de Gascogne Regional Nature Park .

An easy circular path with a length of 13.5 km leads through the forests of the municipality without any difference in altitude to a point where cranes can be observed from November to February.

Another 16.2 km long circular route leads from the center of Cazalis through the neighboring communities of Saint-Cricq-Chalosse and Hagetmau past various springs with the option of a break at Lake Holco.