Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve
| Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Country | |
| Arrondissement | Mont-de-Marsan | |
| Canton | Adour Armagnac | |
| Community association | Pays de Villeneuve en Armagnac Landais | |
| Coordinates | 43 ° 54 ′ N , 0 ° 21 ′ W | |
| height | 39-106 m | |
| surface | 15.76 km 2 | |
| Residents | 482 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 31 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 40190 | |
| INSEE code | 40255 | |
| Website | www.saintcricqvilleneuve.fr | |
 Parish Church of Saint-Cyr |
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Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve is a French municipality with 482 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of land in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Mont-de-Marsan and the canton of Adour Armagnac (until 2015: canton of Villeneuve-de-Marsan ).
Toponymy
The name Saint Cricq comes from the name of St. Quiricus , who was martyred with his mother Julitta during the persecution of Christians under the Roman emperor Diocletian at the age of three in Tarsos, today's Tarsus . The name in the Gascognic language is Sent Cric .
The inhabitants are called Saint-Cricquois and Saint-Cricquoises .
geography
Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve is located approx. 15 km east of Mont-de-Marsan in the Pays de Marsan region of the historic province of Gascony .
Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve is surrounded by the neighboring municipalities:
| Gaillères | Sainte-Foy | |
| Bougue |
.svg)
|
Villeneuve-de-Marsan |
| Pujo-le-Plan |
Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve is located in the catchment area of the Adour River .
The Midouze , a tributary of the Adour, is also called Midou here before its confluence with the Douze . It irrigates the territory of the municipality as well as its tributaries, the Ruisseau du Moulin Neuf and the Ruisseau du Penin.
Two thirds of the municipal area is forested, the rest is arable land.
history
There are traces of human presence from prehistoric times along the Midouze. A large hand ax was found on the territory of the municipality, near the Milhomis farm . Not far from here, in the hamlet of Menjuin behind the quarry, hand axes were also found as tools, flint blades and kernels , which date from the Moustérien era, when Neanderthals and Homo sapiens came into contact in Europe during the Middle Paleolithic . Due to the nature of the soil, however, hardly any other artifacts from these epochs could be found.
In 56 BC BC Publius Licinius Crassus , a military leader of Gaius Julius Caesar , conquered Aquitaine in two battles, the last of which could have taken place not far from Saint-Cricq.
In 1868 the remains of a Gallo-Roman villa near the center of the municipality were found by the owner of the property rather by chance. There may have been a military facility in the neighborhood from that time. The villa was probably built on the left bank of the Midou in the 4th century and was finally destroyed in the 8th century. The estate covered a total of 6,000 m². It consisted of several rooms and galleries around an inner courtyard that stretched from west to east. Below was a small outbuilding that housed thermal baths . In addition to the various relics found such as tiles, moldings, wall coverings, pieces of white marble columns, flat and hollow bricks, glass and ceramic shards, there are mosaics that prove the wealth of the former owner. A mosaic is Dionysus represents, crowned with vines, legs crossed, in his hand a thyrsus , decorated with grapes and vine leaves. Another mosaic was on the bottom of a swimming pool and shows a decoration of marine fauna and the like. a. with dolphins , eels , moray eels and octopuses , in the middle a horse and a bull. A tiger, a goat and the head of a child appear on a third. Another is decorated with meanders and braided ribbons with a Greek cross . The first excavations in 1868 found that certain mosaics were slightly damaged, presumably by the Visigoths who ruled the region from 418 to 507. They practiced Arianism and were more prudish than the Gallo-Roman inhabitants. The villa was probably inhabited by them for a while, as it was mentioned in the topography of the Visigoth Eladabald. A sarcophagus found on the territory of the municipality attests to the presence of the Visigoths in what is now Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve. The destruction of the villa in the 8th century could be due to the attacks of the Vascon , the Moors or the Normans , who invaded the region at that time. An excavation in 1976 led to the discovery of traces of paving, a multicolored mosaic and the location of the thermal baths. However, none of the mosaics described in the 19th century exist today. They were looted or scattered.
The parish of Saint Cricq was formed in the 6th century, when the Visigoths were ousted by the Franks and not much later by the Vascones. It developed from the villa and its extensive area, which was divided into further communities around the 9th century, from which the present-day neighboring communities of Bougue and Sainte-Foy emerged. In the Middle Ages , two seigneuries formed in the parish area , that of Maureilhan and that of Agos, which were sometimes led by the same landlord . Agos is a hamlet west of the center of Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve, which belonged to Saint Cricq in the Ancien Régime . The Seigneurie von Agos was first mentioned in the scriptures in 1279, when Arnaud-Loup de la Broquère, Seigneur von Agos, was summoned to court, where he had to send soldiers to the Viscount of Marsan, among other things . After the French Revolution , Agos was initially an independent municipality and was incorporated into Bougue in 1819.
Maureilhan, however, is still a district of Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve today. The seigneurie consisted u. a. from a noble house, a mill and vineyards. The name Maureilhan comes either from the name of the Roman emperor Mark Aurel or from the Moors who stayed in the region for a while. In the 13th century, a census of seigneurism was mentioned in administrative files intended for the English king.
Other events:
- Around 1480 Lubat d'Aydié, lord of Ognoas, Arthez and Eyres, owned a fiefdom in Maureilhan, which he sold along with other lands to the merchant Dartigoa from Mont-de-Marsan.
- On June 8, 1495 Jean d'Aydie, Seigneur bought from Ognoas, the fief for 13 Écu back.
- In 1508, Agnette de Pomiès, Lady of Maureillhan, is mentioned on a contract about her rights to the income of the Seigneurie of Rimblès.
- In 1538, François de Pomiès, the Seigneur of Rimblès, inventoried "his noble house of Maureilhan with mill, hill, vineyard, orchard".
- On November 14, 1695, Jean-Marie de Bartheau, Seigneur de Maureilhan, sold the estate to Jean Cassaigne, Seigneur de Bresquedieu.
- Jacques de Laminsans, Seigneur von Agos von Maureilhan and Breuilhet, is mentioned on a notarial deed from 1712.
- A note from the Pau archives from 1728 reports that Pierre de Cassaigne, Seigneur of Bresquedieu, is the only direct Seigneur of Maureilhan.
- In 1732, Jean de la Croix, lord of Ravignan, made an inventory of his house and mill in Maureilhan.
- In 1746 André de Cassaigne is the Seigneur of Maureilhan.
- In 1772, Pierre de Cassaigne, Seigneur of Maureilhan and Bresquedieu, was in command of the Provence Regiment. His sister is Marthe Cassaigne Maureilhan, Lady of Bresquedieu.
In the area of the former parish there was a Commandery of the Order of Malta named Saint-Jean d'Angenès. A hospital and a chapel supplemented the settlement. Its construction goes back at least to the 13th century. It was subordinate to the Commanderie d'Argentens in Nérac in what is now the Lot-et-Garonne department before it was affiliated to the Commandery of Casteljaloux in 1780 . The chapel was destroyed in the Huguenot Wars in the 16th century. In the church register of 1749 there was one of the last mentions of the commandery and gives an indication of its location on the border to today's eastern neighboring community Villeneuve-de-Marsan called "Brousté". A spring containing iron was found there, which was sought out for the healing properties of its water. Today there is still a massive building made of bricks and walled-up arcades on the site . It was sold as a national good during the French Revolution . In the 20th century it served as a spa, today it is a residential building.
Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve had a stop on the railway line of the Compagnie des voies ferrées des Landes , which connected Mont-de-Marsan with Nérac. The last section from Mont-de-Marsan to Mézin was opened on December 12, 1897. Due to a lack of profitability, passenger traffic on the non-electrified, single-lane route was discontinued in 1938, and finally freight traffic in 1969. After the rails were removed, the route now serves as a cycle path under the name Voie verte de Marsan et de l'Armagnac .
In the 19th century the community had a brisk economy. There were three brick factories , two millers, a general store and a blacksmith.
Population development
After records began, the population rose to a peak of around 785 by the middle of the 19th century. In the following period, with brief recovery phases, the population fell to around 315 by the 1960s, before a robust growth phase set in, which still continues today .
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2010 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 314 | 288 | 290 | 313 | 365 | 406 | 417 | 437 | 482 |
Attractions
Parish Church of Saint-Cyr
The Romanesque church was built in the 11th century, also with the help of building materials such as quarry stone made of shell limestone, which came from the former villa. It is dedicated to St. Quiricus, the saint who gave the city its name. The name Saint-Cyr is just another spelling. The massive bell tower was built in the same century. In the 14th century, its upper part was reinforced with battlements and a battlement . From then on, the church not only served as a place of worship, but also as a place of refuge for residents in the event of enemy attacks, especially during the Hundred Years War . The tower is crowned with a tent roof of slate . In the 17th century the nave was enlarged by a north aisle and in the 19th century by a south aisle . They are separated from the nave by two arcades on pillars of sandstone rest. In the same century, a staircase for access to the first floor of the tower was built. In the west, a vestibule made of shell limestone sandstone with arched openings was also built in the 19th century. It hides a simple entrance portal from the 16th century. The Romanesque, semicircular apse is to the northwest of the bell tower.
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture now plays only a minor role in the community's economy, which has become a growing place of residence.
total = 33
education
The municipality has a public primary school with 37 pupils in the 2018/2019 school year.
traffic
The Route départementale 1 creates a connection with Mont-de-Marsan in the west and with Villeneuve-de-Marsan in the east. Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve can also be reached via Route départementale 396.
The Autoroute A65 , called Autoroute de Gascogne , crosses the municipality, but without a direct exit to the village. The next exit 4 is about 10 km from the center of Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve.
Personalities
- Jean-Marie d'Huron (also Duron), born March 11, 1719 in Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve, was a soldier in the regiments and in the fleet of the French King Louis XV.
- Arnaud Labée, born in Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve in 1739, came from a poor family. He became a priest and on April 8, 1794 Tartas by a guillotine executed.
- Jean Candeau (1762–1836), born in Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve, was a soldier during the Revolution and the First Empire .
- Georges Matthieu Destenave , born on May 17, 1854 in Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve, died on December 23, 1928 in Toulon , was a French military man and Africa explorer.
- Anne Labadie, born in Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve in 1864, was a primary school teacher and mother of the later opera singer Fanny Malnory-Marseillac.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Anastase K. Orlandos: Délos chrétienne ( fr , PDF) In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 60 . Persée. 83, 1936. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Joël Buclon: Histoire de St Cricq Villeneuve ( fr , PDF) Municipality of Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ Landes ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ Ma commune: Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ^ Situation et accès ( fr ) Commune of Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve. July 3, 2014. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ Dr. L. Sorbets: Oppidum des Tarusates et camp romain ( fr ) In: Bulletin de la Société de Borda . Société de Borda. P. 40, 1886. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ a b c Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve ( fr ) Conseil régional d'Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ Revue de Gascogne: bulletin mensuel du Comité d'histoire et d'archéologie de la province ecclésiastique d'Auch ( fr ) Société historique de Gascogne. P. 66, 1873. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ Mont-de-Marsan / Nérac ( fr ) Voies ferrées des Landes. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ Notice Communale Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ Populations légales 2015 Commune de Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve (40255) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ Eglise Saint Cyr ( fr ) Observatoire du patrimoine religieux. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Saint-Cricq-Villeneuve (40255) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved September 22, 2018.