Mezos

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Mezos
Mézos (France)
Mezos
region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Country
Arrondissement Mont-de-Marsan
Canton Cote d'Argent
Community association Mimizan
Coordinates 44 ° 5 ′  N , 1 ° 10 ′  W Coordinates: 44 ° 5 ′  N , 1 ° 10 ′  W
height 12-72 m
surface 89.05 km 2
Residents 824 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 9 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 40170
INSEE code 40182
Website www.mezos.fr

Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste

Mézos is a French municipality with 824 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of land in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2016: Aquitaine ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Mont-de-Marsan and the canton of Côte d'Argent (until 2015: canton of Mimizan ).

The name in the Gascognischen language is Mesòs . It probably has its origin as a derivation of the Latin first name Mettius .

The inhabitants are called Mézossais and Mézossaises .

geography

Mézos is located about 60 km north-west of Mont-de-Marsan and about 13 km from the coast in the Pays de Born region of the historic province of Gascony .

Mézos is surrounded by the neighboring communities:

Bias Mimizan
Saint-Paul-en-Born 		Escource
Saint-Julien-en-Born Neighboring communities Onesse laharie
Uza Lévignacq Lesperon

Mézos is located in the catchment area of ​​the coastal river Courant de Contis. The Ruisseau d'Onesse, also called Courlis, is a tributary of the Courant de Contis and crosses the territory of the municipality as well as its tributaries,

  • the Ruisseau de Harencin,
  • the Ruisseau de Lapendille,
  • the Ruisseau de Guiroch, which rises in Mézos,
  • the Ruisseau de Mistre, which rises in Mézos,
  • the Ruisseau de Cursan, which rises in Mézos,
  • the Ruisseau de Ninicq, which rises in Mézos,
  • the Ruisseau de la Tuilerie, which rises in Mézos,
  • the Ruisseau de Jacon, which rises in Mézos,
  • the Ruisseau de Châton
  • the Ruisseau de Larden, also called Ruisseau de Capas, which rises in Mézos, and
  • the Ruisseau de la Lande, which is also called Ruisseau de Bidon and has its source in Mézos.

history

The area of ​​the municipality was already settled in Gallo-Roman times . Fragments of a Roman mill that was on the border with today's neighboring community Onesse-Laharie are kept in the Borda Museum in Dax . Some archaeologists, including Eugène Dufourcet , mentioned a Roman road that crossed the village. The settlement of Mézos has existed since at least the 11th century when a chapel was built there. It was first mentioned in the records on November 22, 1253 under the reign of King Henry III of England . in a deed in favor of a Jehan de Mésoz. The parish counted at least three aristocratic landowner families , Castéja, Vignaux, Sourgen. The noble house of the Castéja was mentioned in the years 1314 and 1315 in the Rôles gascons . A castle of the same name was built on the edge of the municipality during this time. Legend has it that a cellar corridor connected the castle with the neighboring parish of Saint-Julien-en-Born, and another led to the Courlis River. These served as emergency exits for the population in the event of an attack.

A railway line operated by the Compagnie des voies ferrées des Landes connected the Lisacq district of Mézos with Bias and Labouheyre from 1910 . The traffic was very weak because only small settlements were crossed. In April 1950 the passenger traffic on the 27.8 km long route was stopped, in April 1969 the freight traffic. The rails were removed and the route was converted to a forest road.

Another line of this railway company connected Morcenx with Saint-Julien-en-Born via Mézos, in the center of which there was a train station. The section to Morcenx was opened in 1889, and that to Saint-Julien-en-Born in 1908. This resulted in a remarkable density of railway lines in this part of the Landes in the period before the First World War . With the connection to Morcenx, these branch lines were connected to the main connection from Bordeaux to Dax, which was opened in 1854 . Due to the partly sandy and partly swampy soils, it was easier to build a railway line than a country road at that time. The upswing of the local economy through the planting of pines required the creation of transport routes. Due to the development of buses that enabled faster transport, passenger traffic on this line was also discontinued in April 1950, and freight traffic in July 1969.

Population development

After the records began, the population rose to around 1,820 by the middle of the 19th century. In the period that followed, the size of the community fell to around 820 inhabitants during short recovery phases by the turn of the millennium, before it was able to stabilize at a level of around 850.

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2010 2017
Residents 1,116 1,016 939 810 851 817 845 854 824
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 1999, INSEE from 2006

Attractions

Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste

Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste

In the 12th century the first Romanesque fortified church was built by the commanders of the Order of Malta . The former loopholes can still be seen today on the bell tower . The church was rebuilt in the 14th century. The ribbed vaults in the nave and choir were built in the 15th century. The north of the two aisles of the nave was built between 1862 and 1874 by the entrepreneur Lamothe according to plans by the architect Alexandre Ozanne. The neo-Gothic entrance on the south side of the bell tower was walled up around 1913 and reopened in 1969. The original, polygonal helmet of the bell tower was presumably replaced in 1911 by a square bell chamber with an upper aisle . In 1969 the construction of the tower was restored to its original state. The three-aisled nave with a length of four Jochen runs in a choir with a semicircular apse from the south the sacristy adjoined. The walls of the building are made of garluche, the ferrous sandstone of the Landes. The ogival windows are framed with bricks . The roof of the nave is covered with hollow tiles, that of the bell tower with shingles made of chestnut wood. The church has been inscribed as a Monument historique since February 13, 1969 .

Most of the church's furnishings , dating from the Ancien Régime , were lost during the French Revolution . That is why most of today's furniture dates from the middle of the 19th century. An exception is a relatively small oil painting (6.5 cm × 18.5 cm) in the style of the 17th century, which was probably made in the following century of unknown origin. It shows the scene of Lazarus being raised from the dead . Two wall paintings were created in 1924, works by the Bordelais painter Ernest Leduc and the otherwise unknown artist L. Gouillaud. They depict Jesus blessing children or preaching, possibly at the Sermon on the Mount .

Castéja Castle

It was built on a former moth and was owned by the Biaudos de Castéja family from 1598 to 1834 before it saw many other owners in the period that followed. It had a drawbridge , a chapel, horse stables and cellar corridors that no longer exist today. The estate extended over 2,500 hectares in the areas of the municipalities of Mézos, Saint-Julien-en-Born and Lévignacq. It is now privately owned and not open to the public.

Saint-Pierre Chapel

Saint-Pierre chapel in 1906

It was built in the 11th century on a path used by pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago to Santiago de Compostela . The chapel was inhabited by a monk in order to look after it and receive the pilgrims. Until the 19th century, believers had also come to spend the night there on Pentecost, before the bishop forbade these nightly gatherings. In 1979 the roof structure collapsed under a snow load and the building degenerated into ruin, the owner of which made no move to slow down the decline.

Source of the Argileyres

It is located not far from the Saint-Pierre chapel, on the eastern edge of the municipality, on the same pilgrimage route and it is likely that it belonged to the same estate as the chapel. The healing effect of the water is based on the content of iron and sulfur. The spring includes an altar from Garluche, which contains a lead vessel with the names of the owners and the craftsmen and volunteers who built the spring in 1973. There is also a statue of the Virgin Mary at the outlet of the spring. Nevertheless, the source is dedicated to Saint Rosa of Viterbo . The healing effect is used especially for skin diseases, mycoses of the skin, impetigo contagiosa , eczema , ulcers and other skin infections. A traditional rite, in addition to drinking and washing, prescribes application to the diseased areas with a piece of wet laundry that is hung up to dry at the source and should not be touched again because it contains the disease.

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture has been based on agriculture, beekeeping and the management of the pine forest for centuries. A fish farm on the Courlis River completes this diversity.

Active workplaces by industry on December 31, 2015
total = 108

education

The community has a public preschool and elementary school.

sport and freetime

  • A nature trail in the center of the community provides visitors with information on the flora and fauna of the region over 2 km with illustrated boards. The zone on the banks of the Courlis is a designated area under Natura 2000 .
  • A circular route with a length of 11 km leads from the center of Mézos through the territory of the municipality.

traffic

Mézos is connected to the neighboring municipalities via the Routes départementales 38, 63, 66, 166, 167 and 367.

Web links

Commons : Mézos  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mézos ( fr ) Gasconha.com. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b c Mézos ( fr ) Conseil régional d'Aquitaine. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved on August 25, 2018.
  3. ↑ Landes ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  4. ↑ Ma commune: Mézos ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  5. ↑ Mézos au temps jadis ( fr ) Municipal Mézos. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  6. ↑ Labouheyre / Bias ( fr ) Voies ferrées des Landes. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  7. ^ Morcenx / Saint-Julien-en-Born ( fr ) Voies ferrées des Landes. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  8. ↑ Mézos et le chemin de fer ( fr ) Municipality of Mézos. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  9. ↑ Notice Communale Mézos ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  10. ↑ Populations légales 2006 Commune de Mézos (40182) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  11. ↑ Populations légales 2015 Commune de Mézos (40182) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  12. ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  13. ↑ le mobilier de l'église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  14. ^ Tableau: Résurrection de Lazare ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  15. ↑ ensemble de 2 peintures monumentales: Jésus bénissant les enfants, Jésus prêchant ( fr ) Ministry of Culture and Communication . Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  16. ↑ Château de Castéja ( fr ) Mézos municipality. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  17. ^ Chapelle Saint-Pierre ( fr ) Mézos parish. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  18. ↑ Fontaine miraculeuse of Argileyres ( fr ) Municipal Mézos. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  19. ↑ Fontaine Notre Dame des Argilières ( fr ) fontainesdeslandes.fr. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  20. ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune de Mézos (40182) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  21. ^ École maternelle et élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  22. ↑ Parcours pédagogique du Courlis ( fr ) Mézos municipality. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  23. ↑ A Mézos, circuit du patrimoine naturel et bâti ( fr ) Comité Départemental du Tourisme des Landes. Retrieved August 25, 2018.