List of threatened languages
An endangered language is a language that fewer and fewer speakers are learning as their mother tongue and which threatens to become extinct within a few generations.
According to the UNESCO Atlas of Endangered Languages , languages are listed here that are “potentially endangered” , “ definitely endangered ” , “ severely endangered ” or “moribund” (critically endangered) . Languages that are listed as nearly extinct by the Ethnologue are also listed as "moribund"; Languages that the Ethnologue lists as extinct while the atlas of endangered languages still lists them are assigned based on the individual sources.
Africa
- Anfillo ( Ethiopia , Oromiyaa )
- Animere ( Ghana )
- Bedik ( Senegal )
- Pray ( Nigeria , Taraba region ), possibly already extinct
- Bikya ( Cameroon ), probably already extinct
- Bom ( Sierra Leone )
- Bullom So ( Guinea , Sierra Leone)
- Bussa (Ethiopia, region of southern nations, nationalities and peoples )
- Dahalo ( Kenya )
- Defaka (Nigeria, Rivers State )
- Jalaa (Nigeria, Bauchi Region )
- Karon ( Senegal , Gambia )
- Laal ( Chad )
- Lufu (Nigeria, Taraba Region)
- Nkoroo (Nigeria, Rivers State )
- Ogiek (Kenya, Tanzania ), under 500 speakers
- Ongamo (Tanzania)
- Ongota (Ethiopia, region of southern nations, nationalities and peoples )
- Sherbro (Sierra Leone)
- Shua ( Botswana )
- Terik (Kenya)
- Xiri ( South Africa ), under 100 speakers
Asia
- Abduyi , near Kazerun in southwestern Iran
- Adihe : 300 speakers ( Siberia )
- Ainu ( Hokkaidō , Japan ), about 1000 speakers but only 13 native speakers, critically endangered
- Aramaic (native area: Syria , Iraq , Turkey , Israel , Iran and Lebanon , in the diaspora: Europe , America and Australia ) - The historical Aramaic was the language of Jesus of Nazareth and is mainly spoken by Christians in various dialects from the Middle East. The tribe area coincides with ancient Mesopotamia .
- Äynu
- Bathari ( Oman )
- Caviteño Chabacano ( Cavite City , Philippines ), fewer than 500 speakers
- Chintang ( Nepal ) 5,000-6,000 speakers
- Chong ( Cambodia and Thailand ), around 5500 speakers (according to Ethnologue )
- Davani , near Kazerun in southwestern Iran
- Dolganic
- Harsusi (Oman)
- Ili Turki
- Kadazan ( Sabah , Malaysia )
- Ketic ( Krasnoyarsk Region , Russia), the last Yennisan language ; threatened with extinction
- Kristang (Cristão) (Portuguese Creole in Malacca , Malaysia)
- Lasisch ( Georgia and Turkey along the Black Sea coast )
- Macanese (Patuá, Macaista) ( Macau )
- Mehri ( Yemen and Oman)
- different languages of the indigenous peoples of the Russian north
- Nuristan languages
- Puma (Nepal) 4,300-10,000 speakers
- Ratagnon ( Mindoro , Philippines)
- Sanskrit (North India and Nepal) - language of classical Indian literature, e.g. B. the Vedas , and ancestral form of all modern Indo-Aryan languages
- Shehri (Oman)
- Soqotri ( Socotra , Yemen)
- most of the native languages of Taiwan
- Tofalarian
- Chulymian (Siberia), about 100 speakers
- Chukchi (northeastern Siberia ), around 10,400 speakers (2001)
- Ulchish (Russia), 1000 speakers or less
- West Yugurian
- numerous languages of Indonesia
language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ewenisch | endangered | approx. 7000 | Far East Federal District , Russia | eve | North Tungusian language |
Manchu | moribund | about 100 | Manchuria , People's Republic of China | mnc | important language in the Qing Dynasty |
Europe
Level 1: potentially endangered
- Basque
- High German dialects:
- Low German or Low German
- Welsh
- West Frisian
Level 2: endangered
- Aragonese ( Spain )
- Aromanian ( Greece and other Balkan countries )
- Burgenland-Croatian ( Austria )
-
Dalmål (alternative name: Dalekarlian), a branch of the Scandinavian languages, spoken in the Swedish province of Dalarna (Dalekarlien)
- Elfdalian , best known language of the language group Dalmål, spoken in the municipality of Älvdalen
- Emilian-Romagna ( Italy )
- Franco-Provençal (Arpitan) ( France / Savoy , Western Switzerland , Italy / Aosta Valley )
- Friulian or Furlanic (Northeast Italy / Friuli )
- Gallo-Sicilian (Italy)
- Irish (Ireland), still around 80,000 native speakers, despite intensive support (including compulsory subjects in schools) and status as an official language at risk
- Istrian ( Istria , Croatia )
- Istror-Romanian (Istria, Croatia), 500 speakers, strong decline, only a few hundred speakers
- Yiddish
- Corsican ( Corsica , France)
- Ladin (Italy)
- Leonese (Northern Spain)
- Ligurian (Italy)
- Mordovian ( Russia )
- Upper Sorbian ( Saxony , Germany)
- Piedmontese (Italy)
- Romani (Eastern Europe, especially Romania)
- Romansh, Rumantsch or Bündnerromanisch ( Graubünden , Switzerland ), most speakers are older, threatened by migration of the younger generation to (German-speaking) cities and the spread of German; endangered despite status as the 4th official language of Switzerland
- Scottish Gaelic (Great Britain), Gaelic has not yet been classified as endangered by the Scottish Parliament , but is acutely threatened in North America
- Transylvanian-Saxon , language or dialect of a German-speaking ethnic group in Transylvania, Romania. Threatened today due to the emigration of a large part of the Transylvanian Saxons (mainly to Germany).
- South Jutian , Danish dialect in South Schleswig, Germany
-
Cimbrian (Northern Italy), Bavarian dialect that has retained many of the characteristics of Middle High German ; approx. 3000 speakers, not directly threatened
- Mòcheno, subdialect of Cimbrian, approx. 1000 speakers
Level 3: seriously endangered
- Arvanitika (Greece), sharp decline, very few older speakers left
- Breton (France), sharp decline
- Bourguignon, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Burgundy
- Champenois, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Champagne
- Franc-Comtois, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Franche-Comté
- Gallo , French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Brittany
- Lorrain, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Lorraine , including which in Alsace
- Picard, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Picardy
- Poitevin-Saintongeais, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Poitou-Charentes
- Gagauz (Moldova, Ukraine)
-
Griko (southern Italian Greek) from Salento , Apulia
- Griko from Reggio Calabria
- Karaim (Poland, Ukraine , Lithuania )
- Kashubian or Pomoran ( Poland ), sharp decline
- Crimean Tatar (Ukraine)
- Ladino (Jewish Spanish)
- Livonian or Livonian ( Estonia and Latvia ), the last native speaker died in 2007, attempts at resuscitation
- Molise Croatian (Italy)
- Lower Sorbian ( Brandenburg , Germany)
- North Frisian ( Schleswig-Holstein , Germany )
-
Norman or Nourmand (Northern France / Normandy and Channel Islands ), sharp decline
- Island Norman ( Jèrriais , Dgèrnésiais and Sercquiais ) (Channel Islands), strong decline, fewer than 5000 speakers (Sercquiais has fewer than 20 speakers who are fluent in it)
- Occitan (southern France), UNESCO has its subdialects as independent languages:
- Sater Frisian language (Germany), few, mostly older speakers, attempts to revive
- Töitschu, Walser German dialect from Issime in the upper Aosta Valley, approx. 100 speakers
- Wymysoric ( Upper Silesia , Poland), fewer than 100 mostly older speakers
Level 4: moribund
- Cornish ( Cornwall , UK ), long extinct, attempts to revive it have spawned a small group of native speakers
- Manx ( Isle of Man ), last spoken only as a second language, attempts to revive it have spawned a group of native speakers
- Nehrungskurisch (Germany, until 1945 on the Curonian Spit in East Prussia ), only 7 speakers known -?
- Tsakonian (Greece), only about 300 speakers left
- Wotisch ( Ingermanland , Russia ) -?
North and South America
United States and Canada
language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absarokee | endangered | 3500 | Montana, United States | cro | |
Achumawi | moribund | 10 | United States | acv | |
Acoma Laguna | endangered | 4000 | Acoma and Laguna , New Mexico , United States | kjq | |
Ahtna | moribund | 25th | United States | aht | |
Aivilingmiutut | potentially endangered | 1245 | Canada | ike | Dialect of the Inuktitut |
Alabama | endangered | 275 | Texas , United States | acc | |
Aleut | seriously endangered | 150 | Alaska , United States | ale | |
Alutiiq | seriously endangered | 200 | Alaska, United States | ems | |
Arapaho | seriously endangered | 1000 | Wind River Indian Reservation , Wyoming , United States | arp | |
Arikara | moribund | 10 | North Dakota , United States | ari | |
Assiniboine | moribund | 230 |
Saskatchewan , Canada Montana , United States |
asb | similar to the Sioux |
Atikamekw | potentially endangered | 4155 | Canada | atj | |
Beaver | endangered | 195 | Canada | bea | |
Bella Coola | moribund | 50 | Canada | blc | |
Blackfoot | endangered | 3200 | United States Canada |
blah | |
Caddo | moribund | 25th | Oklahoma , United States | cad | |
Cahuilla | moribund | 30th | California , United States | chl | |
Carrier | seriously endangered | 660 | Canada | bcr caf crx |
|
Cayuga | moribund | Canada | cay | ||
Central Ojibwe | endangered | 175 | Canada | ojc | |
Central Pomo | moribund | 3 | California, United States | poo | |
Central Siberian Yupik | endangered | 1000 | Alaska, United States | ess | |
Central Sierra Miwok | moribund | 3 | California, United States | csm | |
Chemehuevi | moribund | 3 |
Arizona , United States California, United States |
ute | Dialect of the Ute |
Cherokee | endangered | 11,000 |
North Carolina , United States Oklahoma, United States |
chr | |
Cheyenne | endangered | 2100 | Montana, United States Oklahoma, United States |
chy | |
Chickasaw | seriously endangered | 600 | Oklahoma, United States | cic | |
Chilcotin | endangered | 560 | Canada | clc | |
Chinook Wawa | moribund | United States | chn | ||
Choctaw | potentially endangered | 9500 |
Louisiana , United States Mississippi , United States Oklahoma, United States |
cho | |
Cocopa | seriously endangered | 275 |
Arizona , United States Baja California , Mexico Sonora , Mexico |
coc | |
Coeur d'Alene | moribund | 4th | United States | crd | |
Columbian | moribund | 25th | Washington , United States | col | |
Comanche | seriously endangered | 100 | United States | com | |
Comox / Sliammon | moribund | 30th | Canada | coo | |
Coushatta | endangered | 450 | Louisiana, United States Texas, United States |
cku | |
Creek | endangered | 5000 | Oklahoma, United States | mus | |
Dakota | endangered | 675 | Canada | dak | |
Deg Xinag | moribund | 14th | Alaska, United States | ing | |
Dene Suline | potentially endangered | 8195 | Canada | chp | |
Dogrib | potentially endangered | 1675 | Canada | dgr | |
Eastern Ojibwe | seriously endangered | 620 | Canada | ojg | |
Gitksan | seriously endangered | 710 | Canada | git | |
Gros Ventre | moribund | 10 | Montana, United States | ats | |
Gwich'in | seriously endangered | 400 | Alaska, United States Canada |
gwi | |
Haisla | moribund | 110 | Canada | has | |
Halkomelem | seriously endangered | 375 | United States Canada |
hoor | |
Han | moribund | 12 | Alaska, United States Dawson , Canada |
haa | |
Havasupai | endangered | 500 | Utah , United States | yuf | Dialect of the Upland Yuma |
Hawaiian | moribund | 1000 | Hawaii , United States | haw | |
Heiltsuk | moribund | 100 | Canada | hey | |
Hidatsa | endangered | 200 | North Dakota , United States | hid | |
Holikachuk | moribund | 5 | Alaska, United States | hoi | |
Hopi | potentially endangered | 5000 | Utah, United States | hop | |
Hoopa | moribund | 12 | California, United States | hup | |
Hualapai | potentially endangered | 1000 | Utah, United States | yuf | Dialect of the Upland Yuma |
Huron Wyandot | moribund | Canada | wya | ||
Innu | potentially endangered | 4180 | Canada | moe | |
Inuinnaqtun | endangered | 890 | Canada | ict | |
Inupiaq | seriously endangered | 2144 | Alaska, United States Canada |
it I | |
Ipai | moribund | 6th | California, United States | dih | |
Jemez | potentially endangered | 3000 | United States | tow | |
Jicarilla Apache | seriously endangered | 300 | Colorado, United States | apj | |
Potash | moribund | 5 | Washington, United States | fla | |
Karok | seriously endangered | 12 | United States | kyh | |
Kashaya | moribund | 24 | California, United States | kju | |
Kaska | seriously endangered | 155 | Canada | kkz | |
Kawaiisu | moribund | 10 | United States | xaw | |
Keres | endangered | 6685 | New Mexico, United States | kee kjq |
|
Kivallirmiutut | potentially endangered | 4675 | Canada | ike | |
Kickapoo | seriously endangered | 400 |
Kansas , United States Oklahoma, United States Texas, United States |
kic | Dialect of the Fox |
Kiksht | moribund | 7th | Oregon, United States Washington, United States |
chh | |
Kings River Yokuts | moribund | 6th | California, United States | yok | |
Kiowa | seriously endangered | 400 | Oklahoma, United States | kio | |
Kiowa Apache | moribund | 3 | United States | apk | |
Klallam | moribund | 2 | United States | clm | |
Konkow | moribund | 3 | California, United States | mjd | |
Koyukon | moribund | 150 | Alaska, United States | koy | |
Kutenai | seriously endangered | 135 | Canada United States |
kut | |
Kwak'wala | moribund | 315 | Canada United States |
kwk | |
Lake Miwok | moribund | 3 | United States | lmw | |
Lakota | moribund | Canada | lkt | ||
Lillooet | seriously endangered | 250 | Canada | lil | |
Luiseño | moribund | 5 | United States | lui | |
Lushootseed | moribund | 5 | Washington, United States | lut | |
Maidu | moribund | 2 | United States | nmu | |
Malecite | endangered | 476 | Canada | pqm | |
Maliseet-Passamaquoddy | seriously endangered | 500 | Canada Maine , United States |
pqm | |
Mandan | moribund | 10 | United States | mhq | |
Maniwaki Algonquin | seriously endangered | 280 | Canada | alq | |
Maricopa | seriously endangered | 100 | United States | mrc | |
Menominee | moribund | 35 | United States | mez | |
Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache | endangered | 1500 | New Mexico, United States Oklahoma, United States |
apm | |
Michif | moribund | Canada | crg | ||
Mi'kmaq | endangered | 8145 |
Massachusetts , United States Canada |
mic | |
Hitchiti-Mikasuki | potentially endangered | 500 | Florida, United States | mik | |
Mohave | seriously endangered | 100 | Arizona, United States California, United States |
mov | |
Mohawk | endangered | 3000 | United States Canada |
moh | |
Mono | moribund | 70 | California, United States | mnr | |
Montana Salish | moribund | 60 | Montana, United States | fla | |
Moose Cree | potentially endangered | 405 | Canada | crm | |
Munsee | moribund | 10 | Canada | umu | |
Naskapi | potentially endangered | 525 | Canada | nsk | |
Natsilingmiutut | potentially endangered | 1455 | Canada | ict | |
Navajo | potentially endangered | 120,000 | New Mexico, United States Utah, United States Colorado, United States |
nav | |
Nez Percé | moribund | 20th | Washington, United States Oregon, United States |
nez | |
Nisga'a | seriously endangered | 265 | Canada | ncg | |
Nootka | seriously endangered | 185 | Canada | noo | |
North Haida | moribund | Canada United States |
hdn | ||
northern Paiute | moribund | 700 |
Nevada , United States Oregon, United States Idaho , United States |
pao | |
North Pomo | moribund | 3 | California, United States | pej | |
North Slavey | seriously endangered | 720 | Canada | scs | |
Northern Algonquin | potentially endangered | 1180 | Canada | alq | |
Northern East Cree | potentially endangered | 6870 | Canada | crl | |
Northern Sierra Miwok | moribund | 6th | United States | nsq | |
Northern Straits Salish | moribund | 65 | United States | sal | |
Northern Tutchone | endangered | 115 | Canada | ttm | |
Nunatsiavummiutut | endangered | 575 | Canada | ike | |
Nunavimmiutitut | potentially endangered | 9105 | Canada | ike | |
O'odham | endangered | 15,000 | Arizona, United States Mexico |
ood | |
Ojibwe | seriously endangered | 8000 |
Minnesota , United States Wisconsin , United States Michigan , United States Canada |
ciw | |
Okanagan | endangered | 130 | Canada United States |
ok | |
Omaha Ponca | moribund | 50 | Nebraska , United States | granny | |
Oneida | moribund | United States Canada |
one | ||
Onondaga | moribund | 50 | New York, United States Ontario , Canada |
ono | |
Osage | moribund | 10 | Oklahoma, United States | osa | |
Odawa | seriously endangered | 2800 | Canada United States |
otw | |
Koso | moribund | 20th | California, United States Nevada, United States |
par | |
Patwin | moribund | 1 | United States | wit | |
Pawnee | moribund | 10 | Oklahoma, United States | paw | |
Picuris | potentially endangered | 225 | United States | twf | |
Potawatomi | moribund | 50 | Kansas, United States Michigan, United States Oklahoma, United States Wisconsin, United States Canada |
pot | |
Quechan | endangered | 150 | California, United States Arizona, United States |
yum | |
Sahaptin | seriously endangered | 100 | United States | uma waa |
|
Sauk Fox | moribund | 200 | United States | sac | |
Seneca | seriously endangered | 100 | United States | lake | |
Shawnee | seriously endangered | 100 | Oklahoma, United States | sjw | |
Shoshoni | seriously endangered | 2000 | Idaho, United States Nevada, United States Wyoming, United States |
shh | |
Sioux | potentially endangered | 25,000 | United States | dak | |
South Pomo | moribund | 3 | California, United States | peq | |
Southern Sierra Miwok | moribund | 3 | California, United States | skd | |
southern Tiwa | endangered | 1600 | United States | tix | |
Spokane | moribund | 2 | Washington, United States | spo | |
Straits Salish | seriously endangered | 180 | Canada United States |
st | |
Tanacross | moribund | 50 | Alaska, United States | tcb | |
Tanaina | seriously endangered | 50 | Alaska, United States | tfn | |
Tanana | moribund | 15th | Alaska, United States | taa | |
Taos | endangered | 800 | New Mexico, United States | twf | |
Tewa | endangered | 1600 | Arizona, United States New Mexico, United States |
tew | |
Tipai | seriously endangered | 40 | United States Mexico |
dih | |
Tlingit | moribund | 300 | Alaska, United States Canada |
tli | |
Tolowa | moribund | 1 | California, United States | tol | |
Tubatulabal | moribund | 3 | California, United States Nevada, United States |
tub | |
Tule-Kaweah Yokuts | moribund | 10 | California, United States | yok | |
Tuscarora | moribund | 3 | New York, United States Ontario, Canada |
do | |
Upland Yuma | potentially endangered | 1650 | United States | yuf | |
Upper Kuskokwim | moribund | 25th | Alaska, United States | kuu | |
Upper Tanana | moribund | 55 | Alaska, United States Canada |
dew | |
Ute | seriously endangered | 400 | Colorado, United States Utah, United States |
ute | |
Valley Yokuts | seriously endangered | 30th | California, United States | yok | |
Washoe | seriously endangered | 24 | California, United States Nevada, United States |
What | |
Western Apache | endangered | 14,000 | United States | apw | |
Wichita | moribund | 10 | Oklahoma, United States | wic | |
Winnebago | seriously endangered | 250 | Nebraska, United States Wisconsin, United States |
win | |
Wintu-Nomlaki | moribund | 1 | United States | wit | |
Yaqui | endangered | 510 | United States Mexico |
yaq | |
Yavapai | seriously endangered | 150 | United States | yuf | |
Yuchi | moribund | 5 | Oklahoma, United States | yuc | |
Yurok | moribund | 12 | California, United States | yur | |
Central Alaska Yupik | potentially endangered | 10,400 | Alaska, United States | esu | |
Zuñi | potentially endangered | 9000 | New Mexico, United States | to |
Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean
- Itzá language : 100 speakers at Lake Flores in Petén ( Guatemala )
- Nawat (Pipil) : 20-2000 speakers in El Salvador
South America
language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arikapu | moribund | 18th | Amazon region | ark | |
Kawesqar | moribund | 22nd | Western patagonia | alc | |
Mapudungun | endangered | 260,000 (year 2002) | Chile and Argentina | arn | only 30% speak with their children |
Oceania
Polynesia
language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rapanui | endangered | 2700 (year 2007) | mostly Easter Island | rap | |
Niuean | endangered | 14000 (year 2000) | Niue , New Zealand | niu |
Australia
language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alawa | moribund | 18th | Roper River , Arnhem Land Northern Territory | alh | |
Adnyamathanha | moribund | 130 | Nepabunna , Flinders Ranges , Southern Australia | adt | |
Anindilyakwa | potentially endangered | 2000 | Gulf of Carpenteria , Groote Eylandt , Northern Territory | aoi | |
Antakarinya | endangered | 200 | Northeast of Southern Australia | ant | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
Arrernte | potentially endangered | 2000 | Alice Springs , Northern Territory | aer, are | |
Banjima | seriously endangered | 50 | East of Tom Price , Western Australia | pnw | |
Bandjalang | seriously endangered | 20th | New South Wales | bdy | |
Bardi | seriously endangered | 30th | Western Kimberley , Western Australia | bcj | |
Bunaba | seriously endangered | 40 | Fitzroy Crossing , Western Australia | bck | |
Djinang | endangered | 100 | Arnhem Land, Northern Territory | dji | |
Dyirbal | moribund | 5 | Northeast Queensland | dbl | |
Gajerrong | moribund | 2 | Western Australia Northern Territory |
gdh | |
Gamilaraay | moribund | 3 | New South Wales | kld | |
Garrwa | seriously endangered | 40 |
Doomadgee , Borroloola , Queensland , Northern Territory |
gbc | |
Gooniyandi | seriously endangered | 60 | Western Australia | gni | |
Gumbaynggirr | moribund | 10 | New South Wales | kgs | |
Gupapuyngu | potentially endangered | 300 | Arnhem Land, Northern Territory | guf | |
Gurrgoni | potentially endangered | 60 | Arnhem Land | gge | |
Guugu Yimidhirr | potentially endangered | 1000 | Queensland | kky | |
Iwaidja | potentially endangered | 200 | Croker Island , Northern Territory | ibd | |
Jaminjung | seriously endangered | 15th | Victoria River , Northern Territory | djd | |
Jawoyn | seriously endangered | 20th | Northern Territory | djn | |
Jingulu | seriously endangered | 14th | Northern Territory | jig | |
Kalaw Lagaw Ya | endangered | 700 | Queensland | mwp | |
Karajarri | moribund | 10 | Western Australia | gbd | |
Kayardild | moribund | 8th | Queensland | gyd | |
Kija | seriously endangered | 60 | Western Australia | gia | |
Koko Bera | seriously endangered | 20th | Queensland | kkp | |
Kukatja | potentially endangered | 1000 | Western Australia | kux | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
Kuku Yalanji | seriously endangered | 23 | Queensland | gvn | |
Kunbarlang | seriously endangered | 140 | Northern Territory | wlg | |
Kunjen | moribund | 2 | Queensland | kjn | |
Kunwinjku | potentially endangered | 974 | Arnhem Land, Northern Territory | gup | |
Kurrama | moribund | 10 | Western Australia | vku | |
Kuuku Ya'u | moribund | 9 | Queensland | kuy | |
Kuurinji | endangered | 175 | Northern Territory | gue | |
Lardil | moribund | 10 | Mornington Island , Queensland | lbz | |
Madngele | moribund | 10 | Northern Territory | zml | |
Malak Malak | moribund | 10 | Northern Territory | mpb | |
Mangarrayi | moribund | 6th | Northern Territory | mpc | |
Maringarr | moribund | 20th | Northern Territory | zmt | |
Marrisyefin | moribund | 10 | Northern Territory | zmj | |
Marrithiyel | moribund | 25th | Northern Territory | mfr | |
Martu Wangka | potentially endangered | 2500 | Western Australia | mpj | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
Maung | potentially endangered | 200 | Goulburn Island / Arnhem Land, Northern Territory | mph | |
Meriam Mir | endangered | 160 | Queensland | joke | |
Miriwoong | moribund | 50 | Kununurra , Warmun , Western Australia | mep | |
Mudburra | seriously endangered | 48 | Northern Territory | mwd | |
Nakkara | seriously endangered | 50 | Northern Territory | nck | |
Ngaanyatjarra | potentially endangered | 700 | Warburton Ranges , Western Australia | ntj | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
Ngaatjatjara | seriously endangered | 12 | |||
Ngaliwuru | moribund | 12 | Victoria River, Northern Territory | djd | |
Ngalkbun | seriously endangered | 30th | Northern Territory | ngk | |
Ngarinman | seriously endangered | 50 | Northern Territory | nbj | |
Ngarinyin | endangered | 90 | Western Australia | ung | |
Ngarluma | moribund | 9 | Western Australia | nrl | |
Nunggubuyu | seriously endangered | 44 | Northern Territory | nuy | |
Nyamal | seriously endangered | 20th | Western Australia | nly | |
Nyangumarta | potentially endangered | 250 | Western Australia | nna | |
Nyikina | seriously endangered | 20th | Western Australia | nyh | |
Paakantyi | moribund | 4th | New South Wales | drl | |
Pintupi | potentially endangered | 600 | Western Australia | piu | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
Pitjantjatjara | potentially endangered | 3000 | Northwest South Australia | pjt | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
Rembarrnga | moribund | 10 | Northern Territory | rmb | |
Ritharrngu | endangered | 66 | Northern Territory | rit | |
Thaayorre | endangered | 300 | Queensland | thd | |
Tharkarri | moribund | 2 | Western Australia | dhl | |
Tiwi | potentially endangered | 2100 | Northern Territory | tiw | |
Umpila | seriously endangered | 12 | Queensland | ump | |
Waanyi | moribund | 4th | Northern Territory Queensland |
gbc | |
Wagiman | seriously endangered | 11 | Northern Territory | waq | |
Wajarri | seriously endangered | 20th | Western Australia | wbv | |
Whale Majarri | endangered | 500 | Western Australia | wmt | |
Wambaya | moribund | 20th | Northern Territory | wmb | |
Wangaaybuwan | moribund | 2 | New South Wales | wyb | |
Wardaman | seriously endangered | 24 | Northern Territory | wrr | |
Warlpiri | potentially endangered | 3000 | Northern Territory | wbp | |
Warnman | seriously endangered | 30th | Western Australia | advertises | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
Whyungu | seriously endangered | 50 | Northern Territory | warm | |
Wik Mungkan | potentially endangered | 1500 | Queensland | wim | |
Wik Ngathan | endangered | 100 | Queensland | wig | |
Wik Ngencherr | seriously endangered | 30th | Queensland | wua | |
Worrorra | moribund | 4th | Western Australia | unp | |
Wunambal | moribund | 5 | Western Australia | wub | |
Yan-nhangu | endangered | 61 | Northern Territory | jay | |
Yankunytjatjara | endangered | 70 | South Australia | kdd | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
Yanyuwa | seriously endangered | 70 | Queensland | yeah |
Papua New Guinea
language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mussau-Emira | endangered | 3651 (year 2000) | Mussau and Emirau , New Ireland | emi | ||
Teop | ? | 6000 | Bougainville, tin plaster | tio | ||
Our German | moribund | 100 (year 1981) |
New Britain also: Queensland , Australia |
uln | only German-based Creole language |
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ UNESCO: Atlas of Languages in Danger
- ↑ Endangered languages. ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2012 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Ethnologue website . Retrieved October 21, 2012.
- ↑ Balthasar Bickel, Goma Banjade, Martin Gaenszle, Elena Lieven, Netra Paudyal, Purna Rai, Ichka Purna and others: Free prefix ordering in Chintang . In: Language. Journal of the Linguistic Society of America, Vol. 83 (2007), Issue 1, pp. 43-73, ISSN 0097-8507 .
- ↑ Narayan P. Sharma, Balthasar Bickel, Martin Gaenszle, Arjun Rai, Vishnu S. Rai: Personal and possessive pronouns in Puma (Southern Kiranti) . In: Yogendra P. Yadava (Ed.): Contemporary issues in Nepalese linguistics . Linguistic Society of Nepal, Kathmandu 2005, ISBN 99946-57-69-0 , pp. 225-231.
- ↑ Waltraut Schuller: Waltraut Schuller: The dialect of the Transylvanian Saxons. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; accessed on January 27, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://texte.ruprecht.de/zeigartikel.php?id=701