List of threatened languages

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An endangered language is a language that fewer and fewer speakers are learning as their mother tongue and which threatens to become extinct within a few generations.

According to the UNESCO Atlas of Endangered Languages , languages ​​are listed here that are “potentially endangered” ,definitely endangered,severely endangered ” or “moribund” (critically endangered) . Languages ​​that are listed as nearly extinct by the Ethnologue are also listed as "moribund"; Languages ​​that the Ethnologue lists as extinct while the atlas of endangered languages still lists them are assigned based on the individual sources.

Africa

Asia

language Threat level Number of speakers distribution ISO 639-3 Remarks
Ewenisch endangered approx. 7000 Far East Federal District , Russia eve North Tungusian language
Manchu moribund about 100 Manchuria , People's Republic of China mnc important language in the Qing Dynasty

Europe

Level 1: potentially endangered

Level 2: endangered

Level 3: seriously endangered

Level 4: moribund

North and South America

United States and Canada

language Threat level Number of speakers distribution ISO 639-3 Remarks
Absarokee endangered 3500 Montana, United States cro
Achumawi moribund 10 United States acv
Acoma Laguna endangered 4000 Acoma and Laguna , New Mexico , United States kjq
Ahtna moribund 25th United States aht
Aivilingmiutut potentially endangered 1245 Canada ike Dialect of the Inuktitut
Alabama endangered 275 Texas , United States acc
Aleut seriously endangered 150 Alaska , United States ale
Alutiiq seriously endangered 200 Alaska, United States ems
Arapaho seriously endangered 1000 Wind River Indian Reservation , Wyoming , United States arp
Arikara moribund 10 North Dakota , United States ari
Assiniboine moribund 230 Saskatchewan , Canada
Montana , United States
asb similar to the Sioux
Atikamekw potentially endangered 4155 Canada atj
Beaver endangered 195 Canada bea
Bella Coola moribund 50 Canada blc
Blackfoot endangered 3200 United States
Canada
blah
Caddo moribund 25th Oklahoma , United States cad
Cahuilla moribund 30th California , United States chl
Carrier seriously endangered 660 Canada bcr
caf
crx
Cayuga moribund Canada cay
Central Ojibwe endangered 175 Canada ojc
Central Pomo moribund 3 California, United States poo
Central Siberian Yupik endangered 1000 Alaska, United States ess
Central Sierra Miwok moribund 3 California, United States csm
Chemehuevi moribund 3 Arizona , United States
California, United States
ute Dialect of the Ute
Cherokee endangered 11,000 North Carolina , United States
Oklahoma, United States
chr
Cheyenne endangered 2100 Montana, United States
Oklahoma, United States
chy
Chickasaw seriously endangered 600 Oklahoma, United States cic
Chilcotin endangered 560 Canada clc
Chinook Wawa moribund United States chn
Choctaw potentially endangered 9500 Louisiana , United States
Mississippi , United States
Oklahoma, United States
cho
Cocopa seriously endangered 275 Arizona , United States
Baja California , Mexico
Sonora , Mexico
coc
Coeur d'Alene moribund 4th United States crd
Columbian moribund 25th Washington , United States col
Comanche seriously endangered 100 United States com
Comox / Sliammon moribund 30th Canada coo
Coushatta endangered 450 Louisiana, United States
Texas, United States
cku
Creek endangered 5000 Oklahoma, United States mus
Dakota endangered 675 Canada dak
Deg Xinag moribund 14th Alaska, United States ing
Dene Suline potentially endangered 8195 Canada chp
Dogrib potentially endangered 1675 Canada dgr
Eastern Ojibwe seriously endangered 620 Canada ojg
Gitksan seriously endangered 710 Canada git
Gros Ventre moribund 10 Montana, United States ats
Gwich'in seriously endangered 400 Alaska, United States
Canada
gwi
Haisla moribund 110 Canada has
Halkomelem seriously endangered 375 United States
Canada
hoor
Han moribund 12 Alaska, United States
Dawson , Canada
haa
Havasupai endangered 500 Utah , United States yuf Dialect of the Upland Yuma
Hawaiian moribund 1000 Hawaii , United States haw
Heiltsuk moribund 100 Canada hey
Hidatsa endangered 200 North Dakota , United States hid
Holikachuk moribund 5 Alaska, United States hoi
Hopi potentially endangered 5000 Utah, United States hop
Hoopa moribund 12 California, United States hup
Hualapai potentially endangered 1000 Utah, United States yuf Dialect of the Upland Yuma
Huron Wyandot moribund Canada wya
Innu potentially endangered 4180 Canada moe
Inuinnaqtun endangered 890 Canada ict
Inupiaq seriously endangered 2144 Alaska, United States
Canada
it I
Ipai moribund 6th California, United States dih
Jemez potentially endangered 3000 United States tow
Jicarilla Apache seriously endangered 300 Colorado, United States apj
Potash moribund 5 Washington, United States fla
Karok seriously endangered 12 United States kyh
Kashaya moribund 24 California, United States kju
Kaska seriously endangered 155 Canada kkz
Kawaiisu moribund 10 United States xaw
Keres endangered 6685 New Mexico, United States kee
kjq
Kivallirmiutut potentially endangered 4675 Canada ike
Kickapoo seriously endangered 400 Kansas , United States
Oklahoma, United States
Texas, United States
kic Dialect of the Fox
Kiksht moribund 7th Oregon, United States
Washington, United States
chh
Kings River Yokuts moribund 6th California, United States yok
Kiowa seriously endangered 400 Oklahoma, United States kio
Kiowa Apache moribund 3 United States apk
Klallam moribund 2 United States clm
Konkow moribund 3 California, United States mjd
Koyukon moribund 150 Alaska, United States koy
Kutenai seriously endangered 135 Canada
United States
kut
Kwak'wala moribund 315 Canada
United States
kwk
Lake Miwok moribund 3 United States lmw
Lakota moribund Canada lkt
Lillooet seriously endangered 250 Canada lil
Luiseño moribund 5 United States lui
Lushootseed moribund 5 Washington, United States lut
Maidu moribund 2 United States nmu
Malecite endangered 476 Canada pqm
Maliseet-Passamaquoddy seriously endangered 500 Canada
Maine , United States
pqm
Mandan moribund 10 United States mhq
Maniwaki Algonquin seriously endangered 280 Canada alq
Maricopa seriously endangered 100 United States mrc
Menominee moribund 35 United States mez
Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache endangered 1500 New Mexico, United States
Oklahoma, United States
apm
Michif moribund Canada crg
Mi'kmaq endangered 8145 Massachusetts , United States
Canada
mic
Hitchiti-Mikasuki potentially endangered 500 Florida, United States mik
Mohave seriously endangered 100 Arizona, United States
California, United States
mov
Mohawk endangered 3000 United States
Canada
moh
Mono moribund 70 California, United States mnr
Montana Salish moribund 60 Montana, United States fla
Moose Cree potentially endangered 405 Canada crm
Munsee moribund 10 Canada umu
Naskapi potentially endangered 525 Canada nsk
Natsilingmiutut potentially endangered 1455 Canada ict
Navajo potentially endangered 120,000 New Mexico, United States
Utah, United States
Colorado, United States
nav
Nez Percé moribund 20th Washington, United States
Oregon, United States
nez
Nisga'a seriously endangered 265 Canada ncg
Nootka seriously endangered 185 Canada noo
North Haida moribund Canada
United States
hdn
northern Paiute moribund 700 Nevada , United States
Oregon, United States
Idaho , United States
pao
North Pomo moribund 3 California, United States pej
North Slavey seriously endangered 720 Canada scs
Northern Algonquin potentially endangered 1180 Canada alq
Northern East Cree potentially endangered 6870 Canada crl
Northern Sierra Miwok moribund 6th United States nsq
Northern Straits Salish moribund 65 United States sal
Northern Tutchone endangered 115 Canada ttm
Nunatsiavummiutut endangered 575 Canada ike
Nunavimmiutitut potentially endangered 9105 Canada ike
O'odham endangered 15,000 Arizona, United States
Mexico
ood
Ojibwe seriously endangered 8000 Minnesota , United States
Wisconsin , United States
Michigan , United States
Canada
ciw
Okanagan endangered 130 Canada
United States
ok
Omaha Ponca moribund 50 Nebraska , United States granny
Oneida moribund United States
Canada
one
Onondaga moribund 50 New York, United States
Ontario , Canada
ono
Osage moribund 10 Oklahoma, United States osa
Odawa seriously endangered 2800 Canada
United States
otw
Koso moribund 20th California, United States
Nevada, United States
par
Patwin moribund 1 United States wit
Pawnee moribund 10 Oklahoma, United States paw
Picuris potentially endangered 225 United States twf
Potawatomi moribund 50 Kansas, United States
Michigan, United States
Oklahoma, United States
Wisconsin, United States
Canada
pot
Quechan endangered 150 California, United States
Arizona, United States
yum
Sahaptin seriously endangered 100 United States uma
waa
Sauk Fox moribund 200 United States sac
Seneca seriously endangered 100 United States lake
Shawnee seriously endangered 100 Oklahoma, United States sjw
Shoshoni seriously endangered 2000 Idaho, United States
Nevada, United States
Wyoming, United States
shh
Sioux potentially endangered 25,000 United States dak
South Pomo moribund 3 California, United States peq
Southern Sierra Miwok moribund 3 California, United States skd
southern Tiwa endangered 1600 United States tix
Spokane moribund 2 Washington, United States spo
Straits Salish seriously endangered 180 Canada
United States
st
Tanacross moribund 50 Alaska, United States tcb
Tanaina seriously endangered 50 Alaska, United States tfn
Tanana moribund 15th Alaska, United States taa
Taos endangered 800 New Mexico, United States twf
Tewa endangered 1600 Arizona, United States
New Mexico, United States
tew
Tipai seriously endangered 40 United States
Mexico
dih
Tlingit moribund 300 Alaska, United States
Canada
tli
Tolowa moribund 1 California, United States tol
Tubatulabal moribund 3 California, United States
Nevada, United States
tub
Tule-Kaweah Yokuts moribund 10 California, United States yok
Tuscarora moribund 3 New York, United States
Ontario, Canada
do
Upland Yuma potentially endangered 1650 United States yuf
Upper Kuskokwim moribund 25th Alaska, United States kuu
Upper Tanana moribund 55 Alaska, United States
Canada
dew
Ute seriously endangered 400 Colorado, United States
Utah, United States
ute
Valley Yokuts seriously endangered 30th California, United States yok
Washoe seriously endangered 24 California, United States
Nevada, United States
What
Western Apache endangered 14,000 United States apw
Wichita moribund 10 Oklahoma, United States wic
Winnebago seriously endangered 250 Nebraska, United States
Wisconsin, United States
win
Wintu-Nomlaki moribund 1 United States wit
Yaqui endangered 510 United States
Mexico
yaq
Yavapai seriously endangered 150 United States yuf
Yuchi moribund 5 Oklahoma, United States yuc
Yurok moribund 12 California, United States yur
Central Alaska Yupik potentially endangered 10,400 Alaska, United States esu
Zuñi potentially endangered 9000 New Mexico, United States to

Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean

South America

language Threat level Number of speakers distribution ISO 639-3 Remarks
Arikapu moribund 18th Amazon region ark
Kawesqar moribund 22nd Western patagonia alc
Mapudungun endangered 260,000 (year 2002) Chile and Argentina arn only 30% speak with their children

Oceania

Polynesia

language Threat level Number of speakers distribution ISO 639-3 Remarks
Rapanui endangered 2700 (year 2007) mostly Easter Island rap
Niuean endangered 14000 (year 2000) Niue , New Zealand niu

Australia

language Threat level Number of speakers distribution ISO 639-3 Remarks
Alawa moribund 18th Roper River , Arnhem Land Northern Territory alh
Adnyamathanha moribund 130 Nepabunna , Flinders Ranges , Southern Australia adt
Anindilyakwa potentially endangered 2000 Gulf of Carpenteria , Groote Eylandt , Northern Territory aoi
Antakarinya endangered 200 Northeast of Southern Australia ant Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum
Arrernte potentially endangered 2000 Alice Springs , Northern Territory aer, are
Banjima seriously endangered 50 East of Tom Price , Western Australia pnw
Bandjalang seriously endangered 20th New South Wales bdy
Bardi seriously endangered 30th Western Kimberley , Western Australia bcj
Bunaba seriously endangered 40 Fitzroy Crossing , Western Australia bck
Djinang endangered 100 Arnhem Land, Northern Territory dji
Dyirbal moribund 5 Northeast Queensland dbl
Gajerrong moribund 2 Western Australia
Northern Territory
gdh
Gamilaraay moribund 3 New South Wales kld
Garrwa seriously endangered 40 Doomadgee ,
Borroloola , Queensland , Northern Territory
gbc
Gooniyandi seriously endangered 60 Western Australia gni
Gumbaynggirr moribund 10 New South Wales kgs
Gupapuyngu potentially endangered 300 Arnhem Land, Northern Territory guf
Gurrgoni potentially endangered 60 Arnhem Land gge
Guugu Yimidhirr potentially endangered 1000 Queensland kky
Iwaidja potentially endangered 200 Croker Island , Northern Territory ibd
Jaminjung seriously endangered 15th Victoria River , Northern Territory djd
Jawoyn seriously endangered 20th Northern Territory djn
Jingulu seriously endangered 14th Northern Territory jig
Kalaw Lagaw Ya endangered 700 Queensland mwp
Karajarri moribund 10 Western Australia gbd
Kayardild moribund 8th Queensland gyd
Kija seriously endangered 60 Western Australia gia
Koko Bera seriously endangered 20th Queensland kkp
Kukatja potentially endangered 1000 Western Australia kux Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum
Kuku Yalanji seriously endangered 23 Queensland gvn
Kunbarlang seriously endangered 140 Northern Territory wlg
Kunjen moribund 2 Queensland kjn
Kunwinjku potentially endangered 974 Arnhem Land, Northern Territory gup
Kurrama moribund 10 Western Australia vku
Kuuku Ya'u moribund 9 Queensland kuy
Kuurinji endangered 175 Northern Territory gue
Lardil moribund 10 Mornington Island , Queensland lbz
Madngele moribund 10 Northern Territory zml
Malak Malak moribund 10 Northern Territory mpb
Mangarrayi moribund 6th Northern Territory mpc
Maringarr moribund 20th Northern Territory zmt
Marrisyefin moribund 10 Northern Territory zmj
Marrithiyel moribund 25th Northern Territory mfr
Martu Wangka potentially endangered 2500 Western Australia mpj Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum
Maung potentially endangered 200 Goulburn Island / Arnhem Land, Northern Territory mph
Meriam Mir endangered 160 Queensland joke
Miriwoong moribund 50 Kununurra , Warmun , Western Australia mep
Mudburra seriously endangered 48 Northern Territory mwd
Nakkara seriously endangered 50 Northern Territory nck
Ngaanyatjarra potentially endangered 700 Warburton Ranges , Western Australia ntj Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum
Ngaatjatjara seriously endangered 12
Ngaliwuru moribund 12 Victoria River, Northern Territory djd
Ngalkbun seriously endangered 30th Northern Territory ngk
Ngarinman seriously endangered 50 Northern Territory nbj
Ngarinyin endangered 90 Western Australia ung
Ngarluma moribund 9 Western Australia nrl
Nunggubuyu seriously endangered 44 Northern Territory nuy
Nyamal seriously endangered 20th Western Australia nly
Nyangumarta potentially endangered 250 Western Australia nna
Nyikina seriously endangered 20th Western Australia nyh
Paakantyi moribund 4th New South Wales drl
Pintupi potentially endangered 600 Western Australia piu Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum
Pitjantjatjara potentially endangered 3000 Northwest South Australia pjt Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum
Rembarrnga moribund 10 Northern Territory rmb
Ritharrngu endangered 66 Northern Territory rit
Thaayorre endangered 300 Queensland thd
Tharkarri moribund 2 Western Australia dhl
Tiwi potentially endangered 2100 Northern Territory tiw
Umpila seriously endangered 12 Queensland ump
Waanyi moribund 4th Northern Territory
Queensland
gbc
Wagiman seriously endangered 11 Northern Territory waq
Wajarri seriously endangered 20th Western Australia wbv
Whale Majarri endangered 500 Western Australia wmt
Wambaya moribund 20th Northern Territory wmb
Wangaaybuwan moribund 2 New South Wales wyb
Wardaman seriously endangered 24 Northern Territory wrr
Warlpiri potentially endangered 3000 Northern Territory wbp
Warnman seriously endangered 30th Western Australia advertises Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum
Whyungu seriously endangered 50 Northern Territory warm
Wik Mungkan potentially endangered 1500 Queensland wim
Wik Ngathan endangered 100 Queensland wig
Wik Ngencherr seriously endangered 30th Queensland wua
Worrorra moribund 4th Western Australia unp
Wunambal moribund 5 Western Australia wub
Yan-nhangu endangered 61 Northern Territory jay
Yankunytjatjara endangered 70 South Australia kdd Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum
Yanyuwa seriously endangered 70 Queensland yeah

Papua New Guinea

language Threat level Number of speakers distribution ISO 639-3 Remarks
Mussau-Emira endangered 3651 (year 2000) Mussau and Emirau , New Ireland emi
Teop ? 6000 Bougainville, tin plaster tio
Our German moribund 100 (year 1981) New Britain
also: Queensland , Australia
uln only German-based Creole language

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ UNESCO: Atlas of Languages ​​in Danger
  2. Endangered languages. ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2012 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ethnologue.comEthnologue website . Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  3. Balthasar Bickel, Goma Banjade, Martin Gaenszle, Elena Lieven, Netra Paudyal, Purna Rai, Ichka Purna and others: Free prefix ordering in Chintang . In: Language. Journal of the Linguistic Society of America, Vol. 83 (2007), Issue 1, pp. 43-73, ISSN  0097-8507 .
  4. Narayan P. Sharma, Balthasar Bickel, Martin Gaenszle, Arjun Rai, Vishnu S. Rai: Personal and possessive pronouns in Puma (Southern Kiranti) . In: Yogendra P. Yadava (Ed.): Contemporary issues in Nepalese linguistics . Linguistic Society of Nepal, Kathmandu 2005, ISBN 99946-57-69-0 , pp. 225-231.
  5. Waltraut Schuller: Waltraut Schuller: The dialect of the Transylvanian Saxons. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; accessed on January 27, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.siebenbuerger-bw.de
  6. http://texte.ruprecht.de/zeigartikel.php?id=701