List of threatened languages
An endangered language is a language that fewer and fewer speakers are learning as their mother tongue and which threatens to become extinct within a few generations.
According to the UNESCO Atlas of Endangered Languages , languages are listed here that are “potentially endangered” , “ definitely endangered ” , “ severely endangered ” or “moribund” (critically endangered) . Languages that are listed as nearly extinct by the Ethnologue are also listed as "moribund"; Languages that the Ethnologue lists as extinct while the atlas of endangered languages still lists them are assigned based on the individual sources.
Africa
- Anfillo ( Ethiopia , Oromiyaa )
- Animere ( Ghana )
- Bedik ( Senegal )
- Pray ( Nigeria , Taraba region ), possibly already extinct
- Bikya ( Cameroon ), probably already extinct
- Bom ( Sierra Leone )
- Bullom So ( Guinea , Sierra Leone)
- Bussa (Ethiopia, region of southern nations, nationalities and peoples )
- Dahalo ( Kenya )
- Defaka (Nigeria, Rivers State )
- Jalaa (Nigeria, Bauchi Region )
- Karon ( Senegal , Gambia )
- Laal ( Chad )
- Lufu (Nigeria, Taraba Region)
- Nkoroo (Nigeria, Rivers State )
- Ogiek (Kenya, Tanzania ), under 500 speakers
- Ongamo (Tanzania)
- Ongota (Ethiopia, region of southern nations, nationalities and peoples )
- Sherbro (Sierra Leone)
- Shua ( Botswana )
- Terik (Kenya)
- Xiri ( South Africa ), under 100 speakers
Asia
- Abduyi , near Kazerun in southwestern Iran
- Adihe : 300 speakers ( Siberia )
- Ainu ( Hokkaidō , Japan ), about 1000 speakers but only 13 native speakers, critically endangered
- Aramaic (native area: Syria , Iraq , Turkey , Israel , Iran and Lebanon , in the diaspora: Europe , America and Australia ) - The historical Aramaic was the language of Jesus of Nazareth and is mainly spoken by Christians in various dialects from the Middle East. The tribe area coincides with ancient Mesopotamia .
- Äynu
- Bathari ( Oman )
- Caviteño Chabacano ( Cavite City , Philippines ), fewer than 500 speakers
- Chintang ( Nepal ) 5,000-6,000 speakers
- Chong ( Cambodia and Thailand ), around 5500 speakers (according to Ethnologue )
- Davani , near Kazerun in southwestern Iran
- Dolganic
- Harsusi (Oman)
- Ili Turki
- Kadazan ( Sabah , Malaysia )
- Ketic ( Krasnoyarsk Region , Russia), the last Yennisan language ; threatened with extinction
- Kristang (Cristão) (Portuguese Creole in Malacca , Malaysia)
- Lasisch ( Georgia and Turkey along the Black Sea coast )
- Macanese (Patuá, Macaista) ( Macau )
- Mehri ( Yemen and Oman)
- different languages of the indigenous peoples of the Russian north
- Nuristan languages
- Puma (Nepal) 4,300-10,000 speakers
- Ratagnon ( Mindoro , Philippines)
- Sanskrit (North India and Nepal) - language of classical Indian literature, e.g. B. the Vedas , and ancestral form of all modern Indo-Aryan languages
- Shehri (Oman)
- Soqotri ( Socotra , Yemen)
- most of the native languages of Taiwan
- Tofalarian
- Chulymian (Siberia), about 100 speakers
- Chukchi (northeastern Siberia ), around 10,400 speakers (2001)
- Ulchish (Russia), 1000 speakers or less
- West Yugurian
- numerous languages of Indonesia
| language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ewenisch | endangered | approx. 7000 | Far East Federal District , Russia | eve | North Tungusian language |
| Manchu | moribund | about 100 | Manchuria , People's Republic of China | mnc | important language in the Qing Dynasty |
Europe
Level 1: potentially endangered
- Basque
- High German dialects:
- Low German or Low German
- Welsh
- West Frisian
Level 2: endangered
- Aragonese ( Spain )
- Aromanian ( Greece and other Balkan countries )
- Burgenland-Croatian ( Austria )
-
Dalmål (alternative name: Dalekarlian), a branch of the Scandinavian languages, spoken in the Swedish province of Dalarna (Dalekarlien)
- Elfdalian , best known language of the language group Dalmål, spoken in the municipality of Älvdalen
- Emilian-Romagna ( Italy )
- Franco-Provençal (Arpitan) ( France / Savoy , Western Switzerland , Italy / Aosta Valley )
- Friulian or Furlanic (Northeast Italy / Friuli )
- Gallo-Sicilian (Italy)
- Irish (Ireland), still around 80,000 native speakers, despite intensive support (including compulsory subjects in schools) and status as an official language at risk
- Istrian ( Istria , Croatia )
- Istror-Romanian (Istria, Croatia), 500 speakers, strong decline, only a few hundred speakers
- Yiddish
- Corsican ( Corsica , France)
- Ladin (Italy)
- Leonese (Northern Spain)
- Ligurian (Italy)
- Mordovian ( Russia )
- Upper Sorbian ( Saxony , Germany)
- Piedmontese (Italy)
- Romani (Eastern Europe, especially Romania)
- Romansh, Rumantsch or Bündnerromanisch ( Graubünden , Switzerland ), most speakers are older, threatened by migration of the younger generation to (German-speaking) cities and the spread of German; endangered despite status as the 4th official language of Switzerland
- Scottish Gaelic (Great Britain), Gaelic has not yet been classified as endangered by the Scottish Parliament , but is acutely threatened in North America
- Transylvanian-Saxon , language or dialect of a German-speaking ethnic group in Transylvania, Romania. Threatened today due to the emigration of a large part of the Transylvanian Saxons (mainly to Germany).
- South Jutian , Danish dialect in South Schleswig, Germany
-
Cimbrian (Northern Italy), Bavarian dialect that has retained many of the characteristics of Middle High German ; approx. 3000 speakers, not directly threatened
- Mòcheno, subdialect of Cimbrian, approx. 1000 speakers
Level 3: seriously endangered
- Arvanitika (Greece), sharp decline, very few older speakers left
- Breton (France), sharp decline
- Bourguignon, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Burgundy
- Champenois, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Champagne
- Franc-Comtois, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Franche-Comté
- Gallo , French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Brittany
- Lorrain, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Lorraine , including which in Alsace
- Picard, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Picardy
- Poitevin-Saintongeais, French dialect (Langue d'oil) in Poitou-Charentes
- Gagauz (Moldova, Ukraine)
-
Griko (southern Italian Greek) from Salento , Apulia
- Griko from Reggio Calabria
- Karaim (Poland, Ukraine , Lithuania )
- Kashubian or Pomoran ( Poland ), sharp decline
- Crimean Tatar (Ukraine)
- Ladino (Jewish Spanish)
- Livonian or Livonian ( Estonia and Latvia ), the last native speaker died in 2007, attempts at resuscitation
- Molise Croatian (Italy)
- Lower Sorbian ( Brandenburg , Germany)
- North Frisian ( Schleswig-Holstein , Germany )
-
Norman or Nourmand (Northern France / Normandy and Channel Islands ), sharp decline
- Island Norman ( Jèrriais , Dgèrnésiais and Sercquiais ) (Channel Islands), strong decline, fewer than 5000 speakers (Sercquiais has fewer than 20 speakers who are fluent in it)
- Occitan (southern France), UNESCO has its subdialects as independent languages:
- Sater Frisian language (Germany), few, mostly older speakers, attempts to revive
- Töitschu, Walser German dialect from Issime in the upper Aosta Valley, approx. 100 speakers
- Wymysoric ( Upper Silesia , Poland), fewer than 100 mostly older speakers
Level 4: moribund
- Cornish ( Cornwall , UK ), long extinct, attempts to revive it have spawned a small group of native speakers
- Manx ( Isle of Man ), last spoken only as a second language, attempts to revive it have spawned a group of native speakers
- Nehrungskurisch (Germany, until 1945 on the Curonian Spit in East Prussia ), only 7 speakers known -?
- Tsakonian (Greece), only about 300 speakers left
- Wotisch ( Ingermanland , Russia ) -?
North and South America
United States and Canada
| language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absarokee | endangered | 3500 | Montana, United States | cro | |
| Achumawi | moribund | 10 | United States | acv | |
| Acoma Laguna | endangered | 4000 | Acoma and Laguna , New Mexico , United States | kjq | |
| Ahtna | moribund | 25th | United States | aht | |
| Aivilingmiutut | potentially endangered | 1245 | Canada | ike | Dialect of the Inuktitut |
| Alabama | endangered | 275 | Texas , United States | acc | |
| Aleut | seriously endangered | 150 | Alaska , United States | ale | |
| Alutiiq | seriously endangered | 200 | Alaska, United States | ems | |
| Arapaho | seriously endangered | 1000 | Wind River Indian Reservation , Wyoming , United States | arp | |
| Arikara | moribund | 10 | North Dakota , United States | ari | |
| Assiniboine | moribund | 230 |
Saskatchewan , Canada Montana , United States |
asb | similar to the Sioux |
| Atikamekw | potentially endangered | 4155 | Canada | atj | |
| Beaver | endangered | 195 | Canada | bea | |
| Bella Coola | moribund | 50 | Canada | blc | |
| Blackfoot | endangered | 3200 | United States Canada |
blah | |
| Caddo | moribund | 25th | Oklahoma , United States | cad | |
| Cahuilla | moribund | 30th | California , United States | chl | |
| Carrier | seriously endangered | 660 | Canada | bcr caf crx |
|
| Cayuga | moribund | Canada | cay | ||
| Central Ojibwe | endangered | 175 | Canada | ojc | |
| Central Pomo | moribund | 3 | California, United States | poo | |
| Central Siberian Yupik | endangered | 1000 | Alaska, United States | ess | |
| Central Sierra Miwok | moribund | 3 | California, United States | csm | |
| Chemehuevi | moribund | 3 |
Arizona , United States California, United States |
ute | Dialect of the Ute |
| Cherokee | endangered | 11,000 |
North Carolina , United States Oklahoma, United States |
chr | |
| Cheyenne | endangered | 2100 | Montana, United States Oklahoma, United States |
chy | |
| Chickasaw | seriously endangered | 600 | Oklahoma, United States | cic | |
| Chilcotin | endangered | 560 | Canada | clc | |
| Chinook Wawa | moribund | United States | chn | ||
| Choctaw | potentially endangered | 9500 |
Louisiana , United States Mississippi , United States Oklahoma, United States |
cho | |
| Cocopa | seriously endangered | 275 |
Arizona , United States Baja California , Mexico Sonora , Mexico |
coc | |
| Coeur d'Alene | moribund | 4th | United States | crd | |
| Columbian | moribund | 25th | Washington , United States | col | |
| Comanche | seriously endangered | 100 | United States | com | |
| Comox / Sliammon | moribund | 30th | Canada | coo | |
| Coushatta | endangered | 450 | Louisiana, United States Texas, United States |
cku | |
| Creek | endangered | 5000 | Oklahoma, United States | mus | |
| Dakota | endangered | 675 | Canada | dak | |
| Deg Xinag | moribund | 14th | Alaska, United States | ing | |
| Dene Suline | potentially endangered | 8195 | Canada | chp | |
| Dogrib | potentially endangered | 1675 | Canada | dgr | |
| Eastern Ojibwe | seriously endangered | 620 | Canada | ojg | |
| Gitksan | seriously endangered | 710 | Canada | git | |
| Gros Ventre | moribund | 10 | Montana, United States | ats | |
| Gwich'in | seriously endangered | 400 | Alaska, United States Canada |
gwi | |
| Haisla | moribund | 110 | Canada | has | |
| Halkomelem | seriously endangered | 375 | United States Canada |
hoor | |
| Han | moribund | 12 | Alaska, United States Dawson , Canada |
haa | |
| Havasupai | endangered | 500 | Utah , United States | yuf | Dialect of the Upland Yuma |
| Hawaiian | moribund | 1000 | Hawaii , United States | haw | |
| Heiltsuk | moribund | 100 | Canada | hey | |
| Hidatsa | endangered | 200 | North Dakota , United States | hid | |
| Holikachuk | moribund | 5 | Alaska, United States | hoi | |
| Hopi | potentially endangered | 5000 | Utah, United States | hop | |
| Hoopa | moribund | 12 | California, United States | hup | |
| Hualapai | potentially endangered | 1000 | Utah, United States | yuf | Dialect of the Upland Yuma |
| Huron Wyandot | moribund | Canada | wya | ||
| Innu | potentially endangered | 4180 | Canada | moe | |
| Inuinnaqtun | endangered | 890 | Canada | ict | |
| Inupiaq | seriously endangered | 2144 | Alaska, United States Canada |
it I | |
| Ipai | moribund | 6th | California, United States | dih | |
| Jemez | potentially endangered | 3000 | United States | tow | |
| Jicarilla Apache | seriously endangered | 300 | Colorado, United States | apj | |
| Potash | moribund | 5 | Washington, United States | fla | |
| Karok | seriously endangered | 12 | United States | kyh | |
| Kashaya | moribund | 24 | California, United States | kju | |
| Kaska | seriously endangered | 155 | Canada | kkz | |
| Kawaiisu | moribund | 10 | United States | xaw | |
| Keres | endangered | 6685 | New Mexico, United States | kee kjq |
|
| Kivallirmiutut | potentially endangered | 4675 | Canada | ike | |
| Kickapoo | seriously endangered | 400 |
Kansas , United States Oklahoma, United States Texas, United States |
kic | Dialect of the Fox |
| Kiksht | moribund | 7th | Oregon, United States Washington, United States |
chh | |
| Kings River Yokuts | moribund | 6th | California, United States | yok | |
| Kiowa | seriously endangered | 400 | Oklahoma, United States | kio | |
| Kiowa Apache | moribund | 3 | United States | apk | |
| Klallam | moribund | 2 | United States | clm | |
| Konkow | moribund | 3 | California, United States | mjd | |
| Koyukon | moribund | 150 | Alaska, United States | koy | |
| Kutenai | seriously endangered | 135 | Canada United States |
kut | |
| Kwak'wala | moribund | 315 | Canada United States |
kwk | |
| Lake Miwok | moribund | 3 | United States | lmw | |
| Lakota | moribund | Canada | lkt | ||
| Lillooet | seriously endangered | 250 | Canada | lil | |
| Luiseño | moribund | 5 | United States | lui | |
| Lushootseed | moribund | 5 | Washington, United States | lut | |
| Maidu | moribund | 2 | United States | nmu | |
| Malecite | endangered | 476 | Canada | pqm | |
| Maliseet-Passamaquoddy | seriously endangered | 500 | Canada Maine , United States |
pqm | |
| Mandan | moribund | 10 | United States | mhq | |
| Maniwaki Algonquin | seriously endangered | 280 | Canada | alq | |
| Maricopa | seriously endangered | 100 | United States | mrc | |
| Menominee | moribund | 35 | United States | mez | |
| Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache | endangered | 1500 | New Mexico, United States Oklahoma, United States |
apm | |
| Michif | moribund | Canada | crg | ||
| Mi'kmaq | endangered | 8145 |
Massachusetts , United States Canada |
mic | |
| Hitchiti-Mikasuki | potentially endangered | 500 | Florida, United States | mik | |
| Mohave | seriously endangered | 100 | Arizona, United States California, United States |
mov | |
| Mohawk | endangered | 3000 | United States Canada |
moh | |
| Mono | moribund | 70 | California, United States | mnr | |
| Montana Salish | moribund | 60 | Montana, United States | fla | |
| Moose Cree | potentially endangered | 405 | Canada | crm | |
| Munsee | moribund | 10 | Canada | umu | |
| Naskapi | potentially endangered | 525 | Canada | nsk | |
| Natsilingmiutut | potentially endangered | 1455 | Canada | ict | |
| Navajo | potentially endangered | 120,000 | New Mexico, United States Utah, United States Colorado, United States |
nav | |
| Nez Percé | moribund | 20th | Washington, United States Oregon, United States |
nez | |
| Nisga'a | seriously endangered | 265 | Canada | ncg | |
| Nootka | seriously endangered | 185 | Canada | noo | |
| North Haida | moribund | Canada United States |
hdn | ||
| northern Paiute | moribund | 700 |
Nevada , United States Oregon, United States Idaho , United States |
pao | |
| North Pomo | moribund | 3 | California, United States | pej | |
| North Slavey | seriously endangered | 720 | Canada | scs | |
| Northern Algonquin | potentially endangered | 1180 | Canada | alq | |
| Northern East Cree | potentially endangered | 6870 | Canada | crl | |
| Northern Sierra Miwok | moribund | 6th | United States | nsq | |
| Northern Straits Salish | moribund | 65 | United States | sal | |
| Northern Tutchone | endangered | 115 | Canada | ttm | |
| Nunatsiavummiutut | endangered | 575 | Canada | ike | |
| Nunavimmiutitut | potentially endangered | 9105 | Canada | ike | |
| O'odham | endangered | 15,000 | Arizona, United States Mexico |
ood | |
| Ojibwe | seriously endangered | 8000 |
Minnesota , United States Wisconsin , United States Michigan , United States Canada |
ciw | |
| Okanagan | endangered | 130 | Canada United States |
ok | |
| Omaha Ponca | moribund | 50 | Nebraska , United States | granny | |
| Oneida | moribund | United States Canada |
one | ||
| Onondaga | moribund | 50 | New York, United States Ontario , Canada |
ono | |
| Osage | moribund | 10 | Oklahoma, United States | osa | |
| Odawa | seriously endangered | 2800 | Canada United States |
otw | |
| Koso | moribund | 20th | California, United States Nevada, United States |
par | |
| Patwin | moribund | 1 | United States | wit | |
| Pawnee | moribund | 10 | Oklahoma, United States | paw | |
| Picuris | potentially endangered | 225 | United States | twf | |
| Potawatomi | moribund | 50 | Kansas, United States Michigan, United States Oklahoma, United States Wisconsin, United States Canada |
pot | |
| Quechan | endangered | 150 | California, United States Arizona, United States |
yum | |
| Sahaptin | seriously endangered | 100 | United States | uma waa |
|
| Sauk Fox | moribund | 200 | United States | sac | |
| Seneca | seriously endangered | 100 | United States | lake | |
| Shawnee | seriously endangered | 100 | Oklahoma, United States | sjw | |
| Shoshoni | seriously endangered | 2000 | Idaho, United States Nevada, United States Wyoming, United States |
shh | |
| Sioux | potentially endangered | 25,000 | United States | dak | |
| South Pomo | moribund | 3 | California, United States | peq | |
| Southern Sierra Miwok | moribund | 3 | California, United States | skd | |
| southern Tiwa | endangered | 1600 | United States | tix | |
| Spokane | moribund | 2 | Washington, United States | spo | |
| Straits Salish | seriously endangered | 180 | Canada United States |
st | |
| Tanacross | moribund | 50 | Alaska, United States | tcb | |
| Tanaina | seriously endangered | 50 | Alaska, United States | tfn | |
| Tanana | moribund | 15th | Alaska, United States | taa | |
| Taos | endangered | 800 | New Mexico, United States | twf | |
| Tewa | endangered | 1600 | Arizona, United States New Mexico, United States |
tew | |
| Tipai | seriously endangered | 40 | United States Mexico |
dih | |
| Tlingit | moribund | 300 | Alaska, United States Canada |
tli | |
| Tolowa | moribund | 1 | California, United States | tol | |
| Tubatulabal | moribund | 3 | California, United States Nevada, United States |
tub | |
| Tule-Kaweah Yokuts | moribund | 10 | California, United States | yok | |
| Tuscarora | moribund | 3 | New York, United States Ontario, Canada |
do | |
| Upland Yuma | potentially endangered | 1650 | United States | yuf | |
| Upper Kuskokwim | moribund | 25th | Alaska, United States | kuu | |
| Upper Tanana | moribund | 55 | Alaska, United States Canada |
dew | |
| Ute | seriously endangered | 400 | Colorado, United States Utah, United States |
ute | |
| Valley Yokuts | seriously endangered | 30th | California, United States | yok | |
| Washoe | seriously endangered | 24 | California, United States Nevada, United States |
What | |
| Western Apache | endangered | 14,000 | United States | apw | |
| Wichita | moribund | 10 | Oklahoma, United States | wic | |
| Winnebago | seriously endangered | 250 | Nebraska, United States Wisconsin, United States |
win | |
| Wintu-Nomlaki | moribund | 1 | United States | wit | |
| Yaqui | endangered | 510 | United States Mexico |
yaq | |
| Yavapai | seriously endangered | 150 | United States | yuf | |
| Yuchi | moribund | 5 | Oklahoma, United States | yuc | |
| Yurok | moribund | 12 | California, United States | yur | |
| Central Alaska Yupik | potentially endangered | 10,400 | Alaska, United States | esu | |
| Zuñi | potentially endangered | 9000 | New Mexico, United States | to |
Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean
- Itzá language : 100 speakers at Lake Flores in Petén ( Guatemala )
- Nawat (Pipil) : 20-2000 speakers in El Salvador
South America
| language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arikapu | moribund | 18th | Amazon region | ark | |
| Kawesqar | moribund | 22nd | Western patagonia | alc | |
| Mapudungun | endangered | 260,000 (year 2002) | Chile and Argentina | arn | only 30% speak with their children |
Oceania
Polynesia
| language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rapanui | endangered | 2700 (year 2007) | mostly Easter Island | rap | |
| Niuean | endangered | 14000 (year 2000) | Niue , New Zealand | niu |
Australia
| language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alawa | moribund | 18th | Roper River , Arnhem Land Northern Territory | alh | |
| Adnyamathanha | moribund | 130 | Nepabunna , Flinders Ranges , Southern Australia | adt | |
| Anindilyakwa | potentially endangered | 2000 | Gulf of Carpenteria , Groote Eylandt , Northern Territory | aoi | |
| Antakarinya | endangered | 200 | Northeast of Southern Australia | ant | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
| Arrernte | potentially endangered | 2000 | Alice Springs , Northern Territory | aer, are | |
| Banjima | seriously endangered | 50 | East of Tom Price , Western Australia | pnw | |
| Bandjalang | seriously endangered | 20th | New South Wales | bdy | |
| Bardi | seriously endangered | 30th | Western Kimberley , Western Australia | bcj | |
| Bunaba | seriously endangered | 40 | Fitzroy Crossing , Western Australia | bck | |
| Djinang | endangered | 100 | Arnhem Land, Northern Territory | dji | |
| Dyirbal | moribund | 5 | Northeast Queensland | dbl | |
| Gajerrong | moribund | 2 | Western Australia Northern Territory |
gdh | |
| Gamilaraay | moribund | 3 | New South Wales | kld | |
| Garrwa | seriously endangered | 40 |
Doomadgee , Borroloola , Queensland , Northern Territory |
gbc | |
| Gooniyandi | seriously endangered | 60 | Western Australia | gni | |
| Gumbaynggirr | moribund | 10 | New South Wales | kgs | |
| Gupapuyngu | potentially endangered | 300 | Arnhem Land, Northern Territory | guf | |
| Gurrgoni | potentially endangered | 60 | Arnhem Land | gge | |
| Guugu Yimidhirr | potentially endangered | 1000 | Queensland | kky | |
| Iwaidja | potentially endangered | 200 | Croker Island , Northern Territory | ibd | |
| Jaminjung | seriously endangered | 15th | Victoria River , Northern Territory | djd | |
| Jawoyn | seriously endangered | 20th | Northern Territory | djn | |
| Jingulu | seriously endangered | 14th | Northern Territory | jig | |
| Kalaw Lagaw Ya | endangered | 700 | Queensland | mwp | |
| Karajarri | moribund | 10 | Western Australia | gbd | |
| Kayardild | moribund | 8th | Queensland | gyd | |
| Kija | seriously endangered | 60 | Western Australia | gia | |
| Koko Bera | seriously endangered | 20th | Queensland | kkp | |
| Kukatja | potentially endangered | 1000 | Western Australia | kux | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
| Kuku Yalanji | seriously endangered | 23 | Queensland | gvn | |
| Kunbarlang | seriously endangered | 140 | Northern Territory | wlg | |
| Kunjen | moribund | 2 | Queensland | kjn | |
| Kunwinjku | potentially endangered | 974 | Arnhem Land, Northern Territory | gup | |
| Kurrama | moribund | 10 | Western Australia | vku | |
| Kuuku Ya'u | moribund | 9 | Queensland | kuy | |
| Kuurinji | endangered | 175 | Northern Territory | gue | |
| Lardil | moribund | 10 | Mornington Island , Queensland | lbz | |
| Madngele | moribund | 10 | Northern Territory | zml | |
| Malak Malak | moribund | 10 | Northern Territory | mpb | |
| Mangarrayi | moribund | 6th | Northern Territory | mpc | |
| Maringarr | moribund | 20th | Northern Territory | zmt | |
| Marrisyefin | moribund | 10 | Northern Territory | zmj | |
| Marrithiyel | moribund | 25th | Northern Territory | mfr | |
| Martu Wangka | potentially endangered | 2500 | Western Australia | mpj | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
| Maung | potentially endangered | 200 | Goulburn Island / Arnhem Land, Northern Territory | mph | |
| Meriam Mir | endangered | 160 | Queensland | joke | |
| Miriwoong | moribund | 50 | Kununurra , Warmun , Western Australia | mep | |
| Mudburra | seriously endangered | 48 | Northern Territory | mwd | |
| Nakkara | seriously endangered | 50 | Northern Territory | nck | |
| Ngaanyatjarra | potentially endangered | 700 | Warburton Ranges , Western Australia | ntj | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
| Ngaatjatjara | seriously endangered | 12 | |||
| Ngaliwuru | moribund | 12 | Victoria River, Northern Territory | djd | |
| Ngalkbun | seriously endangered | 30th | Northern Territory | ngk | |
| Ngarinman | seriously endangered | 50 | Northern Territory | nbj | |
| Ngarinyin | endangered | 90 | Western Australia | ung | |
| Ngarluma | moribund | 9 | Western Australia | nrl | |
| Nunggubuyu | seriously endangered | 44 | Northern Territory | nuy | |
| Nyamal | seriously endangered | 20th | Western Australia | nly | |
| Nyangumarta | potentially endangered | 250 | Western Australia | nna | |
| Nyikina | seriously endangered | 20th | Western Australia | nyh | |
| Paakantyi | moribund | 4th | New South Wales | drl | |
| Pintupi | potentially endangered | 600 | Western Australia | piu | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
| Pitjantjatjara | potentially endangered | 3000 | Northwest South Australia | pjt | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
| Rembarrnga | moribund | 10 | Northern Territory | rmb | |
| Ritharrngu | endangered | 66 | Northern Territory | rit | |
| Thaayorre | endangered | 300 | Queensland | thd | |
| Tharkarri | moribund | 2 | Western Australia | dhl | |
| Tiwi | potentially endangered | 2100 | Northern Territory | tiw | |
| Umpila | seriously endangered | 12 | Queensland | ump | |
| Waanyi | moribund | 4th | Northern Territory Queensland |
gbc | |
| Wagiman | seriously endangered | 11 | Northern Territory | waq | |
| Wajarri | seriously endangered | 20th | Western Australia | wbv | |
| Whale Majarri | endangered | 500 | Western Australia | wmt | |
| Wambaya | moribund | 20th | Northern Territory | wmb | |
| Wangaaybuwan | moribund | 2 | New South Wales | wyb | |
| Wardaman | seriously endangered | 24 | Northern Territory | wrr | |
| Warlpiri | potentially endangered | 3000 | Northern Territory | wbp | |
| Warnman | seriously endangered | 30th | Western Australia | advertises | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
| Whyungu | seriously endangered | 50 | Northern Territory | warm | |
| Wik Mungkan | potentially endangered | 1500 | Queensland | wim | |
| Wik Ngathan | endangered | 100 | Queensland | wig | |
| Wik Ngencherr | seriously endangered | 30th | Queensland | wua | |
| Worrorra | moribund | 4th | Western Australia | unp | |
| Wunambal | moribund | 5 | Western Australia | wub | |
| Yan-nhangu | endangered | 61 | Northern Territory | jay | |
| Yankunytjatjara | endangered | 70 | South Australia | kdd | Part of the Western Desert dialect continuum |
| Yanyuwa | seriously endangered | 70 | Queensland | yeah |
Papua New Guinea
| language | Threat level | Number of speakers | distribution | ISO 639-3 | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mussau-Emira | endangered | 3651 (year 2000) | Mussau and Emirau , New Ireland | emi | ||
| Teop | ? | 6000 | Bougainville, tin plaster | tio | ||
| Our German | moribund | 100 (year 1981) |
New Britain also: Queensland , Australia |
uln | only German-based Creole language |
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ UNESCO: Atlas of Languages in Danger
- ↑ Endangered languages. ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2012 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Ethnologue website . Retrieved October 21, 2012.
- ↑ Balthasar Bickel, Goma Banjade, Martin Gaenszle, Elena Lieven, Netra Paudyal, Purna Rai, Ichka Purna and others: Free prefix ordering in Chintang . In: Language. Journal of the Linguistic Society of America, Vol. 83 (2007), Issue 1, pp. 43-73, ISSN 0097-8507 .
- ↑ Narayan P. Sharma, Balthasar Bickel, Martin Gaenszle, Arjun Rai, Vishnu S. Rai: Personal and possessive pronouns in Puma (Southern Kiranti) . In: Yogendra P. Yadava (Ed.): Contemporary issues in Nepalese linguistics . Linguistic Society of Nepal, Kathmandu 2005, ISBN 99946-57-69-0 , pp. 225-231.
- ↑ Waltraut Schuller: Waltraut Schuller: The dialect of the Transylvanian Saxons. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; accessed on January 27, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://texte.ruprecht.de/zeigartikel.php?id=701
