Literature year 1863

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Overview of the literary years
Further events

Literature year 1863
Jules Verne's first novel Five Weeks in a Balloon is published in France.	The German playwright and poet Friedrich Hebbel dies at the age of 50 in Vienna.
Rosalía de Castro publishes the Cantares Gallegos in Galician .

Events

prose

German-language literature

Jacob Grimm around 1860

Shortly before his death on September 20, Jacob Grimm wrote the speech on Wilhelm Grimm and the speech on old age .

Jonas Breitenstein publishes his idyll Der Her Ehrli. An idyll from Basel and the Basel region in the German dialect , an important work in German- Swiss dialect literature .

Wilhelm Raabe publishes the novel Die Menschen aus dem Walde as well as the novellas Elunderblüte and Die Hämelschen Kinder .

Ludwig Steub published the short story Annele in the eagle's nest on an episode from the life of the Tyrolean painter Anna Stainer-Knittel , which later became the basis for the novel The Vulture-maiden of Wilhelmine of Hillern is.

Theodor Fontane publishes the second volume of the walks through the Mark Brandenburg with the title Das Oderland .

By Hermann Schmid , the historical novel appears Registrar of Tyrol .

French-language literature

January 31 : The novel Cinq semaines en ballon ( Five weeks in a balloon ) by Jules Verne is published in France. Verne's first novel was a success and quickly made him nationally known. His publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel rejects his new dystopian novel Paris au XXème siècle ( Paris in the 20th Century ) because he fears that the pessimism of the work could destroy Verne's burgeoning career. He therefore suggests that the author wait 20 years before publishing. Verne then kept the novel under lock and key, which was not published until 1994 .

June 10 : The last part of Théophile Gautier's novel Le Capitaine Fracasse appears in Revue nationale .

English-language literature

Charles Kingsley

March: The final episode of the serial story The Water Babies: A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby British theologian and writer Charles Kingsley appears in Macmillan's Magazine . The children's story will then be published in book form.

The British Mary Elizabeth Braddon publishes the novel Aurora Floyd , a continuation of her successful Lady Audley's Secret from the previous year .
George Eliot publishes the novel Romola .
Thomas Bulfinch published in Boston Legends of Charlemagne .

Russian-language literature

Fjodor Michailowitsch Dostojewski publishes the essay Winter Notes on Summer Impressions from his summer trip through Europe in the magazine Vremja edited by him and his brother Michail .

The story Polikei by Lev Nikolajewitsch Tolstoy , written in 1862, appears in the February issue of the Moscow magazine Russki Westnik , while Tolstoy's novella The Cossacks appears as a sequel in the magazine The Russian Bote .

Other languages

July 27 : The Toledian legend El beso ( The Kiss ) by the romantic Spanish author Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer is published in La América magazine in Madrid.

Poetry

Rosalia de Castro

May 17th : The Spanish poet Rosalía de Castro publishes Cantares gallegos ( Galician Chants ), her first work in Galician . The day is still a public holiday in the autonomous region of Galicia .
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow publishes the poetry collection Tales of a Wayside Inn , which includes his most famous poem Paul Revere's Ride .

drama

Gustav Freytag's Technique of Drama became one of the most important textbooks for dramaturgy of his time. Freytag summarizes here the drama theory of the closed drama according to Aristotle and especially Friedrich Schiller on the so-called pyramidal structure ( exposition and exciting moment , climax with peripetia , retarding moment and solution or catastrophe) of the classical drama .

Periodicals

January 31 : The Paris newspaper Le Petit Journal appears with its first edition. The main type of distribution is not subscription as with other magazines, but retail sales. Le Petit Journal appears in a different and more manageable format compared to the competition and at a significantly lower price. As early as October, it was the newspaper with the highest circulation in Paris with more than 83,000 copies.

May 24 : The magazine Vremja , published by Fyodor and Mikhail Dostoyevsky since 1861 , is banned by the censors because of the publication of works critical of the government.

December 30th : The German-language Livonian magazine Das Inland , founded in 1836 , ceases to appear in its 28th year.

Scientific works

Natural sciences

Title page of the original English edition

Beginning of the year: The six-part lecture series On Our Knowledge of the Causes of Phenomena in Organic Nature by Thomas Henry Huxley will be published in book form after the lecturer has received great praise from his role model Charles Darwin .

Alfred Edmund Brehm

The German zoologist Alfred Brehm publishes essays and travel reports on zoological topics in the Bibliographisches Institut in the form of individual deliveries of around 48 pages each. The reference work Brehms Thierleben will emerge from this over the next few years .

Economy

January: Karl Marx completes work on his extensive economic manuscript in London, which after his death is summarized in the work Theories of Added Value .

In his publication The indirect tax and the situation of the working class , Ferdinand Lassalle used the term " Manchesterism " for the first time .

Other works

The African-American historian and writer William Wells Brown publishes The Black Man: His Antecedents, His Genius, and His Achievements .
Theodor Fontane publishes the second volume of the walks through the Mark Brandenburg .
Li livres dou trésor , an encyclopedia from the 13th century by Brunetto Latini , is being reprinted in the original French.
In his travel journal the Journal of the discovery of the source of the Nile ( The discovery of the sources of the Nile ) founded the British explorer John Hanning Speke a Hamitic .

religion

Pius IX

August 10 : Pope Pius IX. publishes the encyclical Quanto conficiamur on indifference and the publication of false teachings.
September 17th : Pope Pius IX. calls in the encyclical Incredibili the Catholics in New Granada , today's Colombia , to resist the government.

Others

Thomas Nast's first drawing of Santa Claus

January 3 : For the January issue of Harper's Weekly magazine , cartoonist Thomas Nast draws the modern figure of Santa Claus for the first time .
February 3 : The writer Samuel Langhorne Clemens uses the pseudonym Mark Twain for the first time in a work .

Samuel Butler publishes the article Darwin among the Machines , which he later incorporated into his satirical-utopian novel Erewhon .

Born

First half of the year

January 8 : Paul Scheerbart , German writer of fantastic literature and draftsman († 1915 )
January 10 : Else Wildhagen , German writer († 1944 )
January 14 : Richard Felton Outcault , American comic book artist, author and painter († 1928 )
January 25 : Rufus Jones , American author, college professor, mystic, philosopher and Quaker († 1948 )
January 26 : Hans Fraungruber , Austrian writer († 1933 )

February 9 : Anthony Hope , English lawyer and author († 1905 )
February 9 : Ernst Kreidolf , Swiss graphic artist and picture book illustrator († 1956 )
February 22nd : Rudolf Dietz , German homeland poet († 1942 )

March 3 : Arthur Make , Welsh fantasy writer († 1947 )
March 10 : Sigismund Rahmer , German writer, editor and Kleist researcher († 1912 )

Birthplace of Gabriele D'Annunzio in the old town of Pescara

March 12 : Gabriele D'Annunzio , Italian writer († 1938 )
March 13 : Richard Zoozmann , German poet and writer († 1934 )
March 29 : Georg von Ompteda , German writer and translator († 1931 )
April 26 : Arno Holz , German poet and playwright of naturalism († 1929 )
April 29 : Konstantinos Kavafis , Greek writer († 1933 )
April 29 : William Randolph Hearst , American publisher and media tsar († 1951 )

May 14 : Vilém Mrštík , Czech writer, dramaturge, translator and literary critic († 1912 )
May 17 : Karl Kunze , German historian and librarian († 1927 )
May 25 : Wolfgang Golther , German Germanist and literary historian († 1945 )

June 10 : Louis Couperus , Dutch author († 1923 )
June 13 : Josef Venantius von Wöss , Austrian church musician and publisher († 1943 )
June 15 : Elise Rosalie Aun , Estonian writer († 1932 )
June 21 : Georges Docquois , French writer († 1927 )

Second half of the year

July 19 : Hermann Bahr , Austrian writer, playwright and literary critic († 1934 )
July 21 : Agnes Günther , German writer († 1911 )

August 3 : Géza Gárdonyi , Hungarian writer († 1922 )
August 17 : Johannes Methöfer , Dutch editor, author, propagandist and anarchist († 1933 )
August 21 : Adele Gerber , German editor and women's rights activist († 1937 )

September 1 : Violet Jacob , Scottish writer († 1946 )
September 3 : Hans Aanrud , Norwegian writer († 1953 )
September 6 : Otto von Greyerz , Swiss dialect writer and professor († 1940 )
September 8 : William Wymark Jacobs , British novelist and short story writer († 1943 )
September 10 : Edmund Edel , German graphic artist, caricaturist, writer and film director († 1934 )
September 11th : Georg Witkowski , German literary historian († 1939 )
September 22 : Ferenc Herczeg , Hungarian writer, playwright, journalist and politician of German origin († 1954 )
September 29 : Alfred Meebold , German botanist, writer and anthroposophist († 1952 )
September 30 : Theodor Reismann-Grone , German publisher and politician († 1949 )

October 9 : Adam Müller , German folk poet, singer and humorist in Hessian dialect († 1932 )
October 10 : Vladimir Afanassjewitsch Obruchev , Soviet geologist, geographer and writer († 1956 )
October 13 : Karl Allmendinger , German teacher and writer († 1946 )
October 19 : Gustav Frenssen , German writer († 1945 )

November 18 : Richard Dehmel , German poet and writer († 1920 )
November 19 : Wilhelm Scholz , German writer, antiquarian and editor († 1939 )
November 21 : Arthur Quiller-Couch , English writer and critic († 1944 )
November 22 : Georges Goursat , French caricaturist († 1934 )
November 28 : Eugen Wolff , German philologist and literary scholar († 1929 )
November 30th : Hans von Felgenhauer , Prussian officer, military writer and poet († 1946 )

December 10 : Maurice Hennequin , French writer and librettist († 1926 )
December 16 : George Santayana , American philosopher, writer and literary critic of Spanish origin († 1952 )

Exact date of birth unknown

Otto Heller , German-American literary scholar († 1941 )
Walter Paget , British illustrator († 1935 )

Died

January 11th : Hagiwara Hiromichi , Japanese poet, writer, translator and representative of the Kokugaku (* 1815 )
February 1 : Georg von Cotta , German publisher (* 1796 )

May 13 : August Hahn , German Protestant theologian and writer (* 1792 )
July 13th : Heinrich Schacht , Hamburg writer in High and Low German (* 1817 )

September 17th : Alfred de Vigny , French writer (* 1797 )

Berlin memorial plaque to the Brothers Grimm

September 20 : Jacob Grimm , German linguist, fairy tale collector and lawyer, founder of German philology and classical studies (* 1785 )
October 6 : Frances Trollope , British writer (* 1779 )

November 4 : Johann Heinrich Meyer , German printer and publisher (* 1812 )
December 13 : Friedrich Hebbel , German playwright and poet (* 1813 )

The grave of WM Thackeray in Kensal Green Cemetery , London

December 24th : William Makepeace Thackeray , English writer (* 1811 )

Web links

Commons : Books 1863 - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Commons : Magazine 1863 - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

Commons : Newspapers 1863 - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Commons : Gazebo (1863) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Digitized newspapers from 1863 in the newspaper information system (ZEFYS) of the Berlin State Library
Austrian newspapers from 1863 in AustriaN Newspaper Online (ANNO) of the Austrian National Library
Digitized editions of Le Monde illustré 1863 in Gallica.fr
Le Petit Journal 1863