Literature year 1865

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Overview of the literary years
Further events

Literature year 1865
Max and Moritz by Wilhelm Busch appears for the first time.

Events

prose

• Nikolai Semjonowitsch Leskow published the novella Ledi Makbet našego uezda ( The Lady Macbeth of our district ) in the magazine Epocha , which was published by Fyodor and Michail Dostojewski from February onwards . In June the magazine had to cease its publication after only one year. Dostoyevsky's story The Crocodile then remains unfinished.

Original illustration of Alice in Wonderland by John Tenniel

• July 4 : Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll first appears in print. A second edition will appear in December.
• September: With the story The Twelve Apostles , E. Marlitt's literary debut is published in four parts in the gazebo . The work is such a popular success that Ernst Keil , the magazine's publisher, started publishing Marlitt's first novel, Goldelse , at the beginning of the following year .

Illustration from the earth to the moon

• October 25 : Jules Verne published the novel De la Terre à la Lune ( From the Earth to the Moon ) in book form after the work to 14 October in already of 14 September features section -part of the newspaper Journal des Débats has appeared in sequels .
• The novel Iracema is published by José de Alencar . The second part of a trilogy is considered an important work of Brazilian Romanticism.
• Charles Dickens completed his last novel Our Mutual Friend ( Our Mutual Friend ). In the same year he was involved in the Staplehurst railway accident, which was traumatizing for him .
• In Charles Henry Webb's weekly newspaper The Californian published story Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog ( The famous Spring Frog of Calaveras ) brings Mark Twain first time in the spotlight of the US public.

• Ferdinand von Saar wrote the novella Innocens published the following year .
• Fyodor Dostoyevsky visits the Wiesbaden casino on his second trip abroad , where he gambled away all of his travel budget. In the same year, he dictated the novel The Gambler to his wife Anna within 26 days .
• Wilhelmine von Hillern publishes her first novel Doppelleben .

Poetry

• June: Stéphane Mallarmé interrupts the grueling work on the Hérodiade and begins with the symbolist poem L'Après-midi d'un faune . Mallarmé chose the generic term eclogue as the subtitle of his poem , thus placing it in the tradition of the bucolic .

The assassination attempt on Abraham Lincoln on April 15th inspired Walt Whitman to write his poem O Captain! My captain! . It will be published for the first time in November in his Sequel to Drum-Taps collection, which includes 18 poems on the American Civil War .

Picture stories

Opening scene from The Virtuoso

• End of October: Max and Moritz - A boy story in seven pranks by Wilhelm Busch appears for the first time. In the same year Busch also published the picture story The Virtuoso in the Fliegende Blätter published by the Munich publishing house Braun & Schneider .

Periodicals

• October: André Gill founds the satirical magazine La Lune in Paris .

• The Russian satirical weekly Budilnik appears for the first time.

• 

  The gazebo 1865

• The Morgenblatt for educated classes , founded in 1807 , is closed on August 16 after the death of the last editor-in-chief Hermann Hauff . The last issue will appear on December 24th .
• The monthly magazine Die Maje by WO von Horn , which has been published since 1858, has ceased to appear.
• The Neue Bündner Zeitung , which has appeared since 1860 , ceases to appear without giving any reason.

Non-fiction

• After an extensive study trip through Asia, Heinrich Schliemann wrote his first book La Chine et le Japon ( China and Japan ). With its precise, factual description, the book is a good source of knowledge about the premodern everyday life in these two countries.

Others

• Karl May is sentenced to four years in a workhouse for fraudulent activity and transferred to the Osterstein Castle workhouse in Zwickau . Due to good leadership, he becomes the “special clerk” of the prison inspector Alexander Krell, to whom he works for technical articles. For his own planned writing career, he made a list of over a hundred titles and subjects during this time .

Born

• January 6 : Siegmar von Schultze-Galléra , German writer and local history researcher († 1945 )
• January 26 : Sabino Arana Goiri , Spanish-Basque poet and politician († 1903 )
• January 31 : Henri Desgrange , French newspaper editor and founder of the Tour de France († 1940 )
• February 19 : Sven Hedin , Swedish Asian researcher and travel writer († 1952 )

• March 8 : Leo Belmont , Polish lawyer, journalist, poet and writer († 1941 )
• March 13 : Josef Schregel , German poet († 1946 )
• March 18 : Eduard Stucken , German writer († 1936 )
• March 23 : Josef Schwab , German journalist († 1942 )

• April 9 : Adela Florence Nicolson , English poet († 1904 )
• May 21 : Meinrad Lienert , Swiss dialect and native poet († 1933 )

• June 3 : Ernst Moriz Kronfeld , Austrian botanist and journalist († 1942 )
• June 13 : William Butler Yeats , Irish poet († 1939 )
• June 28 : Otto Julius Bierbaum , German writer († 1910 )

• July 2 : Lily Braun , German writer and women's rights activist († 1916 )
• July 15 : Alfred Harmsworth , British journalist and publisher († 1922 )

• August 17th : Otto Pflanzl , Austrian homeland poet († 1943 )
• August 29 : Hedwig Lachmann , German writer, translator and poet († 1918 )
• August 31 : Heinrich Pudor , German publicist and pioneer of nudism in Germany († 1943 )

• September 1 : Ishibashi Ningetsu , Japanese literary critic and writer († 1926 )
• September 12 : Sophus Claussen , Danish writer († 1931 )

• October 4 : Max Halbe , German writer and playwright († 1944 )
• October 4 : Friedrich Lienhard , German writer († 1929 )
• October 11 : Hans E. Kinck , Norwegian writer († 1926 )
• October 14 : Felix Buttersack , German military doctor and writer († 1950 )
• October 18 : Karl Eugen Neumann , Austrian translator of the Buddha's speeches († 1915 )
• October 31 : Wilfrid Michael Voynich , American book collector († 1930 )

• November 2 : Carl Grunert , German writer († 1918 )
• November 19 : Friedrich Schrader , German writer and orientalist († 1922 )
• November 21 : Pierre-Barthélemy Gheusi , French writer, journalist and theater manager († 1943 )

• December 17 : Paul Oskar Höcker , German editor and writer († 1944 )
• December 30th : Rudyard Kipling , British writer and Nobel Prize winner († 1936 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 2 : Gustaw Olizar , aristocratic marshal of Kiev, writer and owner of the village of Korestyszow in Volhynia (* 1798 )
• January 11 : Franz von Hartig , Austrian statesman and publicist (* 1789 )
• January 13 : Charles Monnard , Swiss historian, politician, Reformed pastor, writer and university professor (* 1790 )
• January 18th : Magnus Jacob Crusenstolpe , Swedish nobleman, publicist and writer (* 1795 )
• January 21 : Xavier-Boniface Saintine , French comedian, vaudeville and novelist (* 1798 )
• January 28 : Felice Romani , Italian author and opera librettist (* 1788 )

• February 6 : Isabella Beeton , British cookbook author (* 1836 )
• February 15 : Georg Landau , German archivist and historian (* 1807 )

Otto Ludwig's grave in the Trinity cemetery in Dresden

• February 25 : Otto Ludwig , German writer (* 1813 )
• February 27 : Miklós Jósika , Hungarian novelist (* 1794 )

• March 14 : Wilhelm Theodor von Chézy , Austrian writer, novelist, translator and journalist (* 1806 )
• March 16 : Gustav Kolb , German publicist and editor (* 1798 )
• April 16 : Alfredo Possolo Hogan , Portuguese writer and playwright (* 1830 )

• June 20 : Rudolf Gustav Puff , Styrian poet, writer and promoter of Slovenian culture (* 1808 )
• June 22nd : Ángel de Saavedra , Spanish Prime Minister, writer and diplomat (* 1791 )

Second half of the year

• July 10 : Wilhelmine Herzlieb , acquaintance and possible muse of Goethe (* 1789 )
• July 11 : Richard Hildreth , American lawyer and writer (* 1807 )
• July 11 : Joseph Thamm , German illustrator, painter and author (* 1804 )

• August 2nd : Ventura de la Vega , Spanish-Argentinian playwright and librettist (* 1807 )
• August 4th : William Edmonstoune Aytoun , Scottish writer and poet (* 1813 )
• August 12 : Rudolf Mayer , Bohemian poet and writer (* 1837 )
• August 16 : Hermann Hauff , German writer, editor and translator, brother of Wilhelm Hauff (* 1800 )
• August 23 : Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller , Austrian painter and art writer (* 1793 )
• August 24 : Friedrich Brockhaus , German bookseller and publisher (* 1800 )
• August 27 : Thomas Chandler Haliburton , Canadian writer (* 1796 )
• September 30 : Samuel David Luzzatto , Italian-Jewish scholar, poet and enlightener (* 1800 )

• October 8 : Joaquín Francisco Pacheco , Spanish lawyer, writer and politician (* 1808 )
• October 11 : Christopher Hodgson , English explorer, writer and diplomat (* 1821 )
• October 13 : Petro Hulak-Artemowskyj , Ukrainian writer and translator (* 1790 )
• October 19 : Wilhelm August Ackermann , German teacher, librarian and art historian (* 1793 )
• October 20 : Charles Dupeuty , French playwright and librettist (* 1798 )
• October 30 : Martin Bossange , French bookseller (* 1766 )

• November 7th : Mélesville , French playwright and lawyer (* 1787 )
• November 12 : Elizabeth Gaskell , British writer (* 1810 )
• November 20 : Johanne Amalie von Elterlein , German native song poet (* 1784 )
• November 25 : Andreas Nikolai de Saint-Aubain , Danish writer (* 1798 )

• December 1 : Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich , Swiss theologian and writer (* 1796 )
• December 3 : Joseph Marie Quérard , French bibliographer (* 1797 )
• December 8th : Vinzenz Rosenzweig von Schwannau , Austrian diplomat and orientalist, translator of oriental literature (* 1791 )
• December 10th : Louis Adrien Huart , French journalist, writer and theater director (* 1813 )
• December 20 : Christian Blattl the Younger , Austrian farmer and folk song writer (* 1805 )
• December 31 : Fredrika Bremer , Swedish writer and leader of the women's movement (* 1801 )

See also

Portal: Literature  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the topic of literature

Web links

Commons : Books 1865  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Commons : Magazine 1865  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

Commons : Newspapers 1865  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Commons : Gazebo (1865)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Digitized newspapers from 1865 in the newspaper information system (ZEFYS) of the Berlin State Library
• Austrian newspapers from 1865 in AustriaN Newspaper Online (ANNO) of the Austrian National Library
• Digitized editions of Le Monde illustré 1865 in Gallica.fr
• Le Petit Journal 1865