Maroilles (North)

Maroilles
region	Hauts-de-France
Department	North
Arrondissement	Avesnes-sur-Helpe
Canton	Avesnes-sur-Helpe
Community association	Pays de Mormal
Coordinates	50 ° 8 ′ N , 3 ° 46 ′ E Coordinates: 50 ° 8 ′ N , 3 ° 46 ′ E
height	125-191 m
surface	22.13 km 2
Residents	1,403 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	63 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	59550
INSEE code	59384
Website	http://www.maroilles.eu/
	; The water mill on the Helpe Mineure river

Maroilles ( Dutch Marolle ) is a commune with 1,403 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in Nord in the region of Hauts-de-France . It belongs to the canton of Avesnes-sur-Helpe (until 2015: canton of Landrecies ).

It also gave its name to the well-known Maroilles cheese .

geography

Geographical location

The village of Maroilles is located in the Avesnois Regional Nature Park , i. In other words, it borders on the Aisne department , where the Thiérache border passes within a few kilometers.
Before the conquests of Louis XIV , the border of old France (Ancienne France) ran between today's departments. Despite the similarities between Thiérache and Aisne on the one hand and Nord on the other, this explains that the unity of this region has given rise to discussions to this day. The Helpe Mineure flows through Maroilles and rises near Ohain in the Trèlon forest and flows further south into the Sambre .

Neighboring communities

The municipality of Maroilles has no borders in the north, Noyelles-sur-Sambre in the north-east, Taisnières-en-Thiérache in the east, Grand-Fayt in the south-east, Prisches in the south, Le Favril in the south-west, Landrecies in the west and Locquignol in the north-west .

history

652: According to ancient chronicles, the Frankish monk St. Humbert von Maroilles, a friend of Aldegundis , founded one of the most important abbeys in the north in 652 (it was looted and destroyed during the French Revolution )

843: The Treaty of Verdun , in which the Carolingian Empire was divided among the three grandchildren of Charlemagne , awarded Lothar I the " Middle Empire ", including the village and abbey, as part of the county of Hainaut .

855: With the Prüm partition , which divided the Middle Kingdom among the three sons of Lothar, the county of Hainaut Lotharingen was incorporated and passed on to Lothar II .

870: After the death of Lothar II, part of Lotharingen, including the county of Hainaut, fell to the west of France due to the Treaty of Meerssen .

880: As a result of the Treaty of Ribemont , Hainaut became part of Eastern Franconia , from which the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation emerged in 962 .

In this peripheral region, the rural population has been very reluctant to catch up with the general development of the country since the high Middle Ages . (As recently as the 1940s, the main part of the village seemed almost to be hiding in the forest of Mormal.) Here you were freed from many traditional easements to the feudal lords, you could cultivate your own land, keep cattle and ignore the obligatory crop rotation: this is how the typical “ bocage ” landscape of the Avesnois emerged over time, characterized by high hedges that kept potential intruders away.

The local archives report repeated disputes with the Abbey of Maroilles, which was destroyed in the course of the revolution: the peasants refused to do their labor unless the “noble lord” - the abbot of Aroilles - did not repair his paths beforehand would put. Neither mill and oven nor the mandatory three-field economy existed at that time.

These local peculiarities of the region become particularly clear when you leave Maroilles in the direction of Cambrai : a dense green bocage landscape alternates rather abruptly with the cattle pastures and the intensively used arable land of the Cambrésis .

1907: On October 28, 1907, the Avesnes-sur-Helpe - Solesmes railway line (via Landrecies ; 47 km) was opened. A regular travel service was set up with a station in Maroilles. In August 1914, travel was interrupted. During the German occupation in 1916 the rails were dismantled. Operations could not be resumed.