List of heads of state 1492

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Africa

• Adal
  • Sultan: Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din (1488-1518)

• ( Abdalwadiden ) (in what is now western Algeria, capital Tlemcen )
  • Sultan : Abu Abdallah Muhammad VII (1469–1504)

• Egypt ( Burjiyya dynasty )
  • Sultan : Qaid Bay (1468-1496)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor (Negus Negest) : Constantine II (1478–1494)

• Bornu (in present-day Niger ) Sefuwa dynasty
  • King / May: Ali Gazi (1465–1497)

• Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
  • Caliph : Zakariyah II. (1488-1493)

• Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
  • Buur-ba Jolof : Bukaar Biye-Sungule (1492-1527)

• Kano
  • Emir: Muhammad Rumfa (1463-1499)

• Congo
  • Mani-Congo : Nzinga á Nkuwu (João I) (1470–1509)

• Morocco ( Wattasids )
  • Sultan : Muhammad al-Sheikh al-Mahdi (1465–1505)

• Munhumutapa Empire
  • Ruler : Changamire (1490-1494)

• Songhaeich (in West Africa)
  • Ruler : Sonni Ali (1464–1492)
  • Ruler: Sonni Baro (1492–1493)

America

• Aztec Empire
  • Tlatoani : Auítzotl (1486–1502)

• Hispaniola (discovered December 5, 1492)
  • Spanish governor: Christopher Columbus
• Inca Empire
  • Inca : Túpac Yupanqui (1471–1493)

Asia

• Arakan

• Astrakhan Khanate

• Awa

• China ( Ming Dynasty )
  • Emperor : Hongzhi (1487–1505)

• Golden Horde
  • Shayk Ahmad (1481-1498, 1499-1502)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Go-Tsuchimikado (1464–1500)
  • Shogun Ashikaga : Ashikaga Yoshitane (1490-1493)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
  • King : Seongjong (1469-1494)

• Ladakh

• Laos
  • King of Lan Xang : Lasenthai (1485–1495)

• Madjapahit ( Indonesia )

• Malacca
  • Sultan: Mahmut Shah (1488–1528)

• Mawarannahr

• Moghulistan ( Chagatai Khanate )
  • divided in two since 1487

• Mongolia ( Northern Yuan Dynasty )
  • Khan: Batumöngke Dayan Khan (1470–1517 / 32/43 ?)

• Nepal
  • Kathmandu
  • Lalitpur (Patan)
  • Bhadgaon

• Pahang

• Pegu (Empire)

• Ryūkyū Islands
  • King ( Shō Dynasty ): Shō Shin (1477–1526)

• Selangor

• Siam ( Thailand )
  • King : Rama Thibodi II (1491–1529)

• Tibet

• Tschenla

• Uzbeks
  • Leader: Mohammed Scheibani (1490? –1510)

middle East

• Ak-Kojunlu ( Empire of the White Mutton )

• Khorasan
  • Sultan ( Timurids ): Ahmad Mirza (1469–1494)

• Dschisan

• Yemen

• Oman

• Persia
  • Sultan ( Timurid dynasty): Husain Bayqara (1469–1501)

India

• Assam
  • Ruler ( Ahom dynasty ): Suhenphaa (1488–1493)

• Bahmani State

• Bengal
  • Ruler ( Habshis dynasty ): Muzaffar (1490–1494)

• Ceylon

• Sultanate of Delhi
  • Sultan ( Lodi dynasty ): Sikandar II. Lodi (1489–1517)

• Gondwana

• Gujarat (Ahmadshahi Kingdom)
  • Sultan: Mahmud Begada (1468–1511)

• Malwa

• Mewar

• Orissa
  • King ( Suryavamshi Dynasty ):?

• Are

• Vijayanagar
  • King (Saluva dynasty): Narasimha (1490–?) / Narasa (Vira Narasimha) (? –1509)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • King of Navarre : Catherine of Navarre (1483–1517)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Pere de Cardona (1472–1515)

• Denmark
  • King : John I (1481–1513)

• Teutonic Order State
  • Grand Master : Johann von Tiefen (1489–1497)

• England
  • King : Henry VII (1485–1509)

• France
  • King : Charles VIII (1483–1498)

• Holy Roman Empire
  • King : Friedrich III. (1440–1493) (from 1452 emperor )
  • King: Maximilian I (1468–1519) (emperor from 1508)
  • Electorates
    • Archbishopric of Cologne
      • Archbishop : Hermann von Hessen (1480–1508) (1473–1480 administrator)
    • Archbishopric Mainz
      • Archbishop : Berthold von Henneberg (1484–1504)
    • Archbishopric Trier
      • Archbishop : Johann II of Baden (1456–1503)
    • Bohemia
      • King : Vladislav II (1471–1516) (1490–1516 King of Hungary)
    • Brandenburg
      • Margrave : Johann Cicero (1486–1499) (1473–1486 regent)
    • Electoral Palatinate
      • Count Palatine : Philip the Sincere ( 1449–1451 , 1476–1508)
    • Saxony ( Ernestiner )
      • Elector : Friedrich III. the wise (1486-1525)
  • spiritual principalities
    • Hochstift Augsburg
      • Bishop : Friedrich II. Von Zollern (1486–1505)
    • Bamberg Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich III. Groß von Trockau (1487–1501)
    • Hochstift Basel
      • Bishop : Kaspar zu Rhein (1479–1502)
    • Brandenburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Joachim I. von Bredow (1485–1507)
    • Archbishopric Bremen
      • Archbishop : Heinrich II. Von Schwarzburg (1463–1496) (1466–1496 Bishop of Münster)
    • Brixen monastery
      • Bishop : Melchior von Meckau (1488–1509)
    • Hochstift Cammin
      • Bishop : Benedikt von Waldstein (1485–1498)
    • Chiemsee Abbey
      • Bishop : Georg Altdorfer (1477–1495)
    • Chur Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich V. von Hewen (1491–1505)
    • Eichstätt Monastery
      • Bishop : Wilhelm von Reichenau (1464–1496)
    • Hochstift Freising
      • Bishop : Sixtus von Tannberg (1474–1495) (1470–1474 Bishop of Gurk)
    • Geneva Monastery
      • Bishop : Antoine Champion (1490–1495)
    • Hochstift Gurk (rule disputed)
      • Bishop : Georg Kolberger (1490–1495)
      • Bishop: Raimund Peraudi (1491–1505)
    • Halberstadt Monastery
      • Administrator : Ernst II of Saxony (1479–1513) (1476–1513 Archbishop of Magdeburg)
    • Hochstift Havelberg
      • Bishop : Busso VIII of Alvensleben (1487–1493)
    • Hildesheim Monastery
      • Bishop : Berthold II. Von Landsberg (1481–1502) (1470–1481 Bishop of Verden, 1481–1502 administrator of Verden)
    • Constance monastery
      • Bishop : Thomas Berlower (1491–1496)
    • Lausanne bishopric
      • Bishop : Aymon de Montfalcon (1491–1517) (1497–1509 administrator of Geneva)
    • Lavant Monastery
      • Bishop : Erhard Paumgartner (1487–1508)
    • Lübeck bishopric
      • Bishop : Thomas Grote (1490–1492)
      • Bishop: Dietrich II. Arndes (1492–1506)
    • Liège Monastery
      • Bishop : Johann IX. von Hoorn (1483–1505)
    • Archbishopric Magdeburg
      • Archbishop : Ernst of Saxony (1476–1513) (1479–1513 administrator of Halberstadt)
    • Meissen Abbey
      • Bishop : John VI. von Saalhausen (1487–1518)
    • Merseburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Thilo von Trotha (1466–1514)
    • Metz bishopric
      • Bishop : Henry II of Lorraine-Vaudemont (1484–1505)
    • Hochstift Minden
      • Bishop : Heinrich III. von Schauenburg (1473–1508)
    • Monastery of Münster
      • Bishop : Heinrich XXVII. von Schwarzburg (1466–1496) (1463–1496 Archbishop of Bremen)
    • Naumburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Dietrich IV. Von Schönberg (1480 / 81–1492)
      • Bishop: Johann III. von Schönberg (1492–1517)
    • Osnabrück Monastery
      • Bishop : Conrad IV of Rietberg (1482–1508)
    • Paderborn Monastery
      • Bishop : Simon III. zur Lippe (1463–1498)
    • Passau bishopric
      • Bishop : Christoph von Schachner (1490–1500)
    • Ratzeburg Monastery
      • Bishop : John of Parkentin (1479–1511)
    • Regensburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Heinrich IV. Von Absberg (1465–1492)
      • Bishop: Ruprecht II of Pfalz-Simmern (1492–1507)
    • Archbishopric Salzburg
      • Archbishop : Friedrich V. von Schaunberg (1489–1494)
    • Schwerin Monastery
      • Bishop : Konrad Loste (1482–1503)
    • Seckau monastery
      • Bishop : Matthias Scheit (1481–1502, 1508–1512 )
    • Hochstift Sitten
      • Bishop : Jost von Silenen (1482–1496)
    • Speyer Monastery
      • Bishop : Ludwig von Helmstatt (1478–1504)
    • Strasbourg Monastery
      • Bishop : Albrecht von Pfalz-Mosbach (1478–1506)
    • Toul Monastery
      • Bishop : Anton I of Neuchâtel (1461–1495)
    • Hochstift Trento
      • Bishop : Ulrich III. von Frundsberg (1486–1493)
    • Utrecht Monastery
      • Bishop : David of Burgundy (1456–1496)
    • Verden Monastery
      • Administrator : Berthold von Landsberg (1481–1502) (1481–1502 Bishop of Hildesheim, 1470–1481 Bishop of Verden)
    • Verdun Monastery
      • Bishop : Guillaume de Haraucourt (1457–1500)
    • Hochstift Worms
      • Bishop : Johann III. von Dalberg (1482–1503)
    • Würzburg Monastery
      • Bishop : Rudolf II of Scherenberg (1466–1495)
  • secular principalities
    • to bathe
      • Margrave : Christoph I (1475–1515)
    • Bavaria
      • Bayern Munich
        • Duke : Albrecht IV. (1465–1508)
      • Bavaria-Landshut
        • Duke : George the Rich (1479–1503)
    • Free County of Burgundy
      • Count: Philip the Fair (1482–1493)
    • Hesse
      • Landgrave : Wilhelm I (1471–1493)
    • Milan
      • Duke : Gian Galeazzo Sforza (1476–1494)
    • Genoa
      • Governor for the Duke of Milan: Agostino Adorno (1488–1499)
    • Mecklenburg
      • Duke : Magnus II (1477–1503)
    • Ortenburg
      • Count : Wolfgang I. (1490–1519)

• Italian states
  • Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
    • Duke : Ercole I. d'Este (1471–1505)
  • Florence (nominally republic)
    • Signore : Lorenzo il Magnifico (1469–1492; de facto ruler)
    • Signore: Piero di Lorenzo de 'Medici (1492–1494; de facto ruler)
  • Genoa (1488–1499 Signoria of Sforza)
    • Signore: Gian Galeazzo Sforza ( 1476–1477, 1477–1478, 1488 , 1488–1494)
  • Papal States
    • Pope : Innocent VIII (1484–1492)
    • Pope: Alexander VI. (1492–1503)
  • Milan
    • Duke : Gian Galeazzo Sforza (1476–1494)
  • Mantua
    • Margrave : Gianfrancesco II. Gonzaga (1484–1519)
  • Montferrat
    • Margrave : Boniface III. (1483–1494)
  • Naples
    • King : Ferrante (1458–1494)
  • Rimini
    • Lord : Pandolfo IV. Malatesta (1482–1528)
  • Saluzzo
    • Margrave : Ludwig II. (1475–1504)
  • San Marino
    • Capitani Reggenti: Menetto di Menetto Bonelli , Matteo Tura (1491–1492)
    • Capitani Reggenti: Riccio di Andrea , Fabrizio di Pier Leone Corbelli (1492)
    • Capitani Reggenti: Cristoforo di Cecco di Vita , Bonifazio di Andrea (1492–1493)
  • Savoy
    • Duke : Karl II. Johann Amadeus (1490–1496)
  • Sicily (1412–1713 to Aragon or Spain )
    • King : Ferdinand II (1479–1516)
      • Viceroy : Fernando de Acuña (1489–1495)
  • Urbino
    • Duke : Guidobaldo I da Montefeltro (1482–1508)
  • Venice
    • Doge : Agostin Barbarigo (1486–1501)

• Crimean Khanate
  • Khan: Meñli I Giray (1478-1515)

• Livonia
  • Landmeister : Johann Freitag von Loringhoven (1483–1494)

• Moldova
  • Prince : Ștefan cel Mare (1457–1504)

• Monaco
  • Seigneur : Lambert (1457-1494)

• Navarre
  • King: Johann von Albret (1484–1516)

• Norway
  • King : John I (1481–1513)

• Ottoman Empire
  • Sultan : Bayezid II (1481-1512)

• Poland
  • King : Casimir IV (1447-1492)
  • King: John I (1492–1501)

• Portugal
  • King : John II (1481–1495)

• Russia
  • Grand Duke : Ivan III. (1462-1510)

• Scotland
  • King : Jacob IV (1488–1513)

• Sweden
  • Reichsverweser : Sten Sture the Elder (1470–1497)

• Spanish states
  • Aragon
    • King : Ferdinand II. (1479–1516) (1474–1504 King of Castile, 1506–1516 Regent of Castile, 1512–1516 King of Navarre, 1504–1516 King of Naples)
  • Granada (conquered by Castile)
    • Emir : Muhammad XII. ( 1482-1483 , 1486-1492)
  • Castile
    • Queen : Isabella I (1474–1504)
    • King: Ferdinand II of Aragón (1474–1504) (de iure uxoris) (1506–1516 regent of Castile, 1479–1516 king of Aragon and Sicily, 1512–1516 king of Navarre, 1504–1516 king of Naples)
  • Navarre
    • Queen : Catherine (1483–1517)
    • King: Johann III. (1484–1516) (de iure uxoris)

• Hungary
  • King : Ulászló, II. (1490–1516) (1471–1516 King of Bohemia)

• Wallachia
  • Prince : Vlad Călugărul (1481 , 1482–1495)

• Zeta
  • Prince : Đurađ Crnojević (1490–1496)