Matera
Matera | ||
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Country | Italy | |
region | Basilicata | |
province | Matera (MT) | |
Coordinates | 40 ° 40 ′ N , 16 ° 37 ′ E | |
height | 401 m slm | |
surface | 387.40 km² | |
Residents | 60,411 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
Population density | 156 inhabitants / km² | |
Post Code | 75100 | |
prefix | 0835 | |
ISTAT number | 077014 | |
Popular name | Materani | |
Patron saint | Madonna della Bruna | |
Website | Matera | |
Matera |
Matera is a city in the southern Italian region of Basilicata with 60,411 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) and the capital of the province of Matera . The city is the seat of the Archdiocese of Matera-Irsina . Matera is known for its old town, which consists to a large extent of cave settlements , the Sassi . The Sassi have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1993 .
On October 17, 2014, Matera was the first city in southern Italy to be voted “ European Capital of Culture 2019”.
geography
Matera is about 200 km east of Naples and a good 50 km south-west of Bari and north-west of Taranto . The city lies on the karst plateau of the Murgia above the deeply cut valley of the Gravina di Matera . The municipality is part of the Parco Regionale delle Chiese rupestri del Materano .
The districts of Matera La Martella, Venusio, Borgo Picciano A, Borgo Picciano B were re-established after the Second World War, partly to accommodate the Sassi residents who were resettled in the 1950s.
The neighboring communities are Altamura ( BA ), Ginosa ( TA ), Gravina in Puglia (BA), Grottole , Laterza (TA), Miglionico , Montescaglioso , Santeramo in Colle (BA).
traffic
Matera is integrated into the trunk road network with the state highways SS 7 and SS 99.
Matera is the end of the Bari – Matera railway on the Ferrovie Appulo – Lucane . A continuation of the line to Ferrandina , and thus a connection to Naples, is planned. By May 2019, the Bari – Matera railway line between the end point of Matera Sud and the northern suburb of Venusio is to be partially expanded to double tracks. As part of this work, the Matera Centrale train station was renovated and reopened in January 2019.
history
The historical part of Matera is divided into the districts of Sasso Barisano and Sasso Caveoso . The cave settlements in the area are an exceptional example in the Mediterranean area . The area, which has been inhabited since the Neolithic Age, can be considered one of the oldest cities in the world. The city of Matera was founded by the Roman consul Lucius Caecilius Metellus in 251 BC. Founded as Matheola . According to the Greek , Roman , Longobard and Byzantine history , which Matera shares with all of southern Italy, Saracens devastated the place in 938 . It came under Norman rule in 1043 , became a royal seat and thus achieved considerable wealth. This bloom continued under the subsequent regiments of the Staufer and Anjou , in 1270 the cathedral of Matera was completed. For the next few centuries, Matera was ruled by local nobles, with rivalries, power struggles and revolts; so in 1514 the Neapolitan count Giancarlo Tramontano was killed in an uprising of the Materans.
While Matera belonged to Apulia or the coastal city of Otranto until 1663 , it was then counted to Lucania or Basilicata , became its capital in 1806, until after an administrative reform it became the capital of the province of the same name, which comprises about half of Basilicata.
During the Second World War , the city was occupied by German troops on September 12, 1943 after the Italian armistice with the Allies. On September 21st, the population rose up against the occupation forces, and 26 residents of Matera were killed by members of the Parachute-Jäger-Regiment 1 of the 1st Parachute Division . In the middle of the 20th century, it was considered a cultural disgrace that in Italy people still lived in caves without electricity or running water. In 1948, 15,000 people lived in 3,300 rooms when the city was hit by malaria . Carlo Levi's memory book Christ only came to Eboli (1944) and the film of the same name by Francesco Rosi (1978) made the catastrophic hygienic conditions world famous. In the 1950s and 1960s, for example, the residents were relocated to newly built apartment blocks. The former trading town and local metropolis became a (smaller) industrial town through the industrialization of the Basento valley. Since the Sassi are now a museum town, tourism is also becoming increasingly important.
The Sassi and the Park of the Rock Churches of Matera | |
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UNESCO world heritage | |
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Matera old town |
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National territory: | Italy |
Type: | heritage Site |
Criteria : | (iii) (iv) (v) |
Surface: | 1016 ha |
Buffer zone: | 4365 ha |
Reference No .: | 670 |
UNESCO region : | Europe and North America |
History of enrollment | |
Enrollment: | 1993 (session 17) |
Sassi
The cave settlements of Sassi di Matera , which are located in the old town of Matera on the steep rocky slopes of the rugged Gravina river valley, are worth seeing . The Sassi were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1993 . Medieval chroniclers called them "mirrors of the starry sky", whereas the writer Carlo Levi compared them to the funnel-shaped hell of Dante .
Sights include the rock church of San Pietro Barisano , Santa Maria dell'Idris e San Giovanni 'in Monterrone , Santa Lucia alle Mallow , the church of Sant'Antonio Abate , San Pietro Caveoso , the cathedral , the Torre Metellana and the Casagrotta .
Other sights
Tramontano Castle
The Castello Tramontano was built outside the city walls at the beginning of the 16th century by Gian Carlo Tramontano, Count of Matera. He did not want to protect the city, but to exercise control over it. The castle with its three large towers is located on a hill called "Lapillo Hill" above the old town of Matera. The count was very much hated by the people for collecting high taxes . On December 29, 1514, when he stepped out of the cathedral, he was killed in the street. The construction remained unfinished. Other towers were originally planned, which can be seen from excavation finds. Large underground reservoirs with columns and vaulted ceilings were also found during excavations. The excavation finds also gave clues to how the people of this age lived.
Museums
Matera is home to several museums , including the Museo Archeologico Nazionale "Domenico Ridola" with archaeological exhibits from prehistory and early history through ancient cultures to the Middle Ages . There is also the Museo Laboratorio della Civiltà Contadina , which is dedicated to old crafts, the Museo della Scultura Contemporanea , which shows modern sculptures , and the Museo dell'olio di oliva , which is dedicated to the cultivation and processing of olives.
Population development
year | 1861 | 1881 | 1901 | 1921 | 1936 | 1951 | 1971 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
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Residents | 14,434 | 15,593 | 17,081 | 18,357 | 22,069 | 30,390 | 44,513 | 54,919 | 57,785 | 60,796 |
Source: ISTAT
politics
Emilio Buccio ( PdL ), already in office since 2007, was re-elected mayor in April 2008 and was in office until 2009. After Sandro Calvosa had temporarily taken over the administration as Commissario prefettizio , Salvatore Adduce of the Partito Democratico was elected mayor in 2010. On June 15, 2015, Raffaello De Ruggieri was elected mayor as a candidate from a center-right coalition.
Town twinning
- Vigevano , Italy
- Cartagena , Colombia
- Petra , Jordan
- Mashhad , Iran, since 2019, on comune.matera.it, accessed on November 24, 2019
Viticulture
Since July 6, 2005 there is a "controlled designation of origin " ( Denominazione di origine controllata - DOC) for wines from the entire province of Matera . This was last updated on March 7, 2014.
Wine types
The following types of wine are produced:
- Matera Rosso: must contain at least 60% Sangiovese and at least 30% Primitivo grapes. A maximum of 10% other analogue grape varieties that are approved for cultivation in the Basilicata region may be added.
- Matera Primitivo and Matera Primitivo Passito : must contain at least 90% Primitivo grape variety. A maximum of 10% other analogue grape varieties that are approved for cultivation in the Basilicata region may be added.
- Matera Rosato: must contain at least 90% Primitivo grape variety. A maximum of 10% other analogue grape varieties that are approved for cultivation in the Basilicata region may be added.
- Matera Moro and Matera Moro Riserva: must contain at least 60% Cabernet Sauvignon, at least 20% Primitivo and at least 10% Merlot. A maximum of 10% other analogue grape varieties that are approved for cultivation in the Basilicata region may be added.
- Matera Greco: must contain at least 85% Greco grape variety . A maximum of 15% other analogue grape varieties that are approved for cultivation in the Basilicata region may be added.
- Matera Bianco and Matera Bianco Passito: must contain at least 85% the Malvasia Bianca di Basilicata grape variety . A maximum of 15% other analogue grape varieties that are approved for cultivation in the Basilicata region may be added.
- Matera Spumante : must contain at least 85% the Malvasia Bianca di Basilicata grape variety . A maximum of 15% other analogue grape varieties that are approved for cultivation in the Basilicata region may be added.
- Matera Spumante Rosé: must contain at least 90% Primitivo grape variety. A maximum of 10% other analogue grape varieties that are approved for cultivation in the Basilicata region may be added.
Matera as a location
Documentaries
- Matera, the Italian beauty , Arte , 2018
- Sassi di Matera: rock architecture of the Sassi di Matera, Italy, episode 297 , SWR , 2019
- Matera - From the Stone Age to Cyberspace , 3sat , 2019
- Matera, that's where I want to go! , 3sat, 2019
- "Open Future" in Matera, Europe's cultural capital , Arte, 2019
movie theater
Pier Paolo Pasolini shot the scene of the Nativity in his Gospel of Matthew (1964) in the Sassi of Matera. Mel Gibson shot the majority of the exterior scenes of his film The Passion of Christ (2004) in the Sassi, in the gorge and on the hill on the opposite side of the Matera gorge.
Other films shot entirely or partially in Matera:
- The she-wolf of Calabria , by Alberto Lattuada , 1953
- Il Demonio , directed by Brunello Rondi , 1963
- Made in Italy , directed by Nanni Loy , 1965
- Beautiful Isabella , directed by Francesco Rosi , 1967
- Africa-Erotica , directed by Piero Vivarelli , 1972
- Allonsanfan , directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani , 1974
- L'Arbre de Guernica , directed by Fernando Arrabal , 1975
- Lucky Girls , directed by Carlo Di Palma , 1975
- Christ only came to Eboli , directed by Francesco Rosi , 1979
- Three Brothers , directed by Francesco Rosi , 1981
- King David , directed by Bruce Beresford , 1985
- Nachtsonne , directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani , 1990
- The Man Who Makes the Stars , directed by Giuseppe Tornatore , 1995
- Mary , directed by Abel Ferrara , 2005
- The Omen , directed by John Moore , 2006
- But it came to pass at the time ... , directed by Catherine Hardwicke , 2006
- Ben Hur , directed by Timur Bekmambetov , 2016
- The young Messiah , directed by Cyrus Nowrasteh , 2016
- Wonder Woman , directed by Patty Jenkins , 2017
- TILT , directed by Marek Beles , 2017
- Maria Magdalena , directed by Garth Davis , 2018
- James Bond 007: No Time to Die , directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga , 2020
music
Matera appears in the video clips of the songs “ Sun Goes Down ” by Robin Schulz (2014) and “Spit Out the Bone” by Metallica (2016). Fabrizio Moro's music video "La felicità" (2017) was shot in the Sassi hillside settlement.
Personalities
Personalities born in Matera
- John of Matera (1070–1139), monk and Catholic saint
- Ascanio Persio (1554–1610), humanist and language scholar
- Tommaso Stigliani (1573–1651), writer and poet
- Egidio Duni (1708–1775), composer
- Vittorio Spinazzola (1863–1943), archaeologist
- Giuseppe De Robertis (1888–1963), Romanist and Italianist
- Giovanni Battista Bronzini (1925–2002), anthropologist and historian
- Serio Digitalino (* 1956), sculptor and painter
- Luigi De Canio (* 1957), football player and coach
- Cosimo Fusco (born 1962), actor
- Rocco Pennacchio (* 1963), Roman Catholic clergyman, Archbishop of Fermo
- Francesco Mancini (1968–2012), football player
- Emanuele Gaudiano (* 1986), show jumper
literature
- Ekkehart Rotter: Apulia . Trips to Byzantine grotto churches, Norman cathedrals, Hohenstaufen forts and baroque buildings in Lecce. (= DuMont art travel guide ). 6th edition. Dumont Reise Verlag, Ostfildern 2012, ISBN 3-7701-4314-0 .
- Matera and the Basilicata (= Zibaldone. Magazine for contemporary Italian culture. No. 66, 2018). Stauffenburg, Tübingen 2018, ISBN 978-3-95809-709-4 .
- Michael Mente: Matera, the Basilicata and me. A personal and literary travel companion in search of the mystical heart of southern Italy. Edited by von flügelrad, Verlag für Kulturvermittlung, BoD Books on Demand, Weinfelden 2019, ISBN 978-3-7494-5245-3 .
Web links
- City of Matera website
- Website of the Province of Matera
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
- Matera 2019 European Capital of Culture (English, Italian)
- German website about the city of Matera
- "Treasures of the World" : UNESCO World Heritage Site of the "Sassi di Matera" in the SWR media library (15 min.)
- Rock Church Map of Matera
- Tourist information (Italian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
- ↑ unesco.de: World Heritage List . June 25, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
- ↑ europa.eu: Matera is the Italian “European Capital of Culture 2019” . October 17, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
- ^ Station upgrade in the capital of culture. Railway Gazette International , February 2, 2019 (English).
- ^ Roy Palmer Domenico: The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture ( en ). Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 9780313307331 , p. 37.
- ↑ Matera 09/21/1943 (Matera - Basilicata). In: straginazifasciste.it. Retrieved September 24, 2019 (Italian).
- ↑ a b Ekkehart Rotter: Apulia . Trips to Byzantine grotto churches, Norman cathedrals, Hohenstaufen forts and baroque buildings in Lecce. (= DuMont art travel guide ). 6th edition. Dumont Reise Verlag, Ostfildern 2012, ISBN 3-7701-4314-0 .
- ↑ Matera – Mashad
- ↑ a b Disciplinare di Produzione della Denominazione di Origine Controllata (production regulations and description). (PDF) In: ismeamercati.it. November 27, 2017, accessed July 25, 2018 (Italian).
- ↑ Matera as a location in the imdb .
- ↑ Lilja Haefele: Robin Schulz “Sun Goes Down” (Lilja, dir.). ( English ) videostatic.com. October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
- ↑ Stefano Mastronicola: Metallica: la città di Matera nel video di “Spit Out The Bone”. ( Italian ) metalinitaly.com. November 18, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ↑ FabrizioMoroVEVO: Fabrizio Moro - La felicità (Official Video). October 27, 2017, accessed March 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Sassi di Matera protagonist in the video clip of the singolo “La Felicità” by Fabrizio Moro: teaser online on facebook: SassiLive. Retrieved March 14, 2018 (it-IT).