Hildburghausen

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Hildburghausen
Hildburghausen
Map of Germany, position of the city of Hildburghausen highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 26 '  N , 10 ° 44'  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
County : Hildburghausen
Height : 381 m above sea level NHN
Area : 72.89 km 2
Residents: 11,831 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 162 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 98646
Area code : 03685
License plate : HBN
Community key : 16 0 69 024
LOCODE : DE HB4
City structure: 10 districts

City administration address : 		Clara-Zetkin-Strasse 3
98646 Hildburghausen, Germany
Website : www.hildburghausen.de
Mayor : Tilo Kummer ( The Left )
Location of the district town of Hildburghausen in the district of the same name
Ahlstädt Auengrund Beinerstadt Bischofrod Eisfeld Brünn Dingsleben Ehrenberg Eichenberg Eisfeld Grimmelshausen Grub Heldburg Henfstädt Hildburghausen Kloster Veßra Lengfeld Marisfeld Masserberg Oberstadt Reurieth Römhild Schlechtsart Schleusegrund Schleusingen Schmeheim Schweickershausen St. Bernhard Straufhain Themar Ummerstadt Veilsdorf Westhausen Thüringenmap
About this picture
historical town hall
Heraldic plaque on the town hall

Hildburghausen is the county seat of the eponymous district . It is the former residence of the Duchy of Saxony-Hildburghausen , which existed from 1680 to 1826, and is located in the Franconian south of the Free State of Thuringia .

geography

Hildburghausen is located in the Werra valley , about 381  m above sea level. NHN high on the southwestern edge of the Buntsandsteinland between the Thuringian Forest in the north and the grave field in the south. To the north is the Hildburghausen city forest with mountains up to 550  m high.

The city is separated from the flatter Coburg Land in the southwest and south by the Häselriether Berg ( 526  m ), the Stadtberg ( 496  m ) and the Krautberg ( 488  m ).

Hildburghausen consists of the old town and the smaller new town , which was laid out by Huguenots in 1710 . The districts of Birkenfeld , Bürden , Ebenhards , Gerhardtsgereuth , Häselrieth , Leimrieth , Pfersdorf , Wallrabs and Weitersroda also belong to the city.

Neighboring municipalities are Auengrund , Brünn / Thür. , Römhild , Veßra Monastery , Reurieth , the city of Schleusingen , Straufhain and Veilsdorf .

history

8th century to 1600

Hildburghausen is a Franconian settlement from before 900 and was first mentioned in 1234 as "Hilteburgehusin" or "Villa Hilperti". Until that year it belonged to the Counts of Henneberg-Botenlauben ; the purchase contract handed down as a document regulated the conditions for the takeover of the city by the bishopric of Würzburg . In the center of the city, on the market square, there was probably the first secular building made of stone, the bower of a city nobility from Hildburghausen. The building is referred to in the city topography as the "stone house". Another early building in the city is the city church, which was first occupied in 1286. The mention of a city register mentioned in 1314 and of councilors indicate a town hall. The city was dominated in the late 13th century by the Lords of Wildberg , they received their fiefdoms from the Bishop of Würzburg, and the rulership of Wildberg ended in 1304.

The town was sold again in 1316 to the Counts of Henneberg-Schleusingen . As the new lord of the city, Count Berthold VII promoted the settlement by providing a piece of forest near the city; the citizens should close the unfinished city wall ring and modernize the fortifications. Hildburghausen received city ​​rights as early as 1324 in connection with the construction of a city fortification. In 1325 the stone house became the property of the council and was used by the city administration. The Jews mentioned in 1331 engaged in lively long-distance trade. Most of the residents were arable , they lived from agriculture, did handicrafts and trade. Hildburghausen's specialty was cloth making.

Hildburghausen passed by inheritance to the Burgraves of Nuremberg in 1353 . At the same time, Margrave Friedrich III. von Meißen took care of Coburg . This Wettin incursion into the region dominated by the Würzburg diocese had no military consequences. A first major fire, in which the stone house used as town hall and city archive burned out, destroyed the old town of Hildburghausen in 1388. It was not until 1395 that the city began to recover from the consequences of the fire. The stone house, which still exists as a ruin, was allowed to be rebuilt with the permission of the Landgrave to the town hall with the double function as a department store. The city’s cloth makers, bakers and butchers guilds are also confirmed with the building application. Tax lists are indicators of economic development ; the first register was made in 1412 and contains the names of the city citizens liable for tax.

When the Wettin state was first divided in 1485, the Ernestine family branch received Hildburghausen. The Catholic mass was abolished as early as 1524; by 1528 the majority of the city's population converted to Protestantism and the first church visitation took place. In 1541 the city received a new school building. They broke with other traditions and in 1535 the “New Gottesacker” was founded as a burial place at the gates of the city.

In Hildburghausen, witch hunts took place from 1532 to 1693 . 29 women and one man got into witch trials . Eleven women were burned. One woman and one man died in prison, one woman died of torture. In the districts of Schleusegrund, Gerhardtsgereuth, Leimrieth, Pfersdorf and Wallrabs, eight people got into witch trials.

In 1572 Hildburghausen fell to the Ernestine dukes of Saxe-Coburg . The small town, largely spared from wars, was hit by a cyclone in 1572. The economic basis of the urban population, textile production and finishing, was largely destroyed, the wool stocks and finished goods were swept away by the storm. Hardly a building remained undamaged. In 1575 300 and in 1585 more than 160 inhabitants fell victim to the plague. Today's town hall was built and inaugurated on the market square from 1594 to 1595 in the Renaissance style. Hildburghausen experienced renewed economic prosperity under the reign of the Duke of Saxony-Coburg.

1600 to 1900

During the Thirty Years' War , the urban population and the hinterland suffered from frequently changing peoples of war, famine, high prices and the plague. During this time the population decreased from about 2500 to about 700. The end of the war was celebrated with a peace festival on August 19, 1650. When Casimir's successors died out in 1638/40, Hildburghausen came to Saxe-Altenburg and in 1672/80 to Saxe-Gotha . From 1680 the city was the residence of the Principality of Saxony-Hildburghausen , and from 1702 it had full sovereignty, which, however, only brought a slight economic revival.

lock

The Hildburghausen Castle was built in 1685/95, badly damaged in April 1945 by American bombardment and removed in 1949/50. The government building dates from around 1760. In 1826 Sachsen-Hildburghausen was dissolved. The city came to Sachsen-Meiningen , which became a People's State / Free State on November 5, 1918 , and went with this on May 1, 1920 in the State of Thuringia. Hildburghausen has been a district town since 1868 .

City Church

The townscape was changed in the 18th century by a town fire (1779) and many new buildings, among them the Reformed Church consecrated in 1722, the Neustädter Church consecrated in 1755 and the town church renovated from 1781 to 1785 as the Christ Church. The Hildburghausen Theater, which emerged from a ballroom documented in 1721, was opened around 1755.

Chirotherium monument with reconstruction of a trace area

Hildburghausen's importance as a city of education grew with the establishment of the “Gymnasium academicum” in 1714. In 1766 the first Hildburghausen newspaper appeared as a weekly bulletin. In 1795 a school teacher seminar was founded. The Masonic spirit was manifested in 1786 with the establishment of the Masonic Order "Karl zum Rautenkranz". Research by the grammar school director Friedrich Sickler found numerous fossil footsteps and tracks of reptiles that had lived in the Hildburghausen area in the Triassic in 1834 in a sandstone quarry in the suburb of Weitersroda . The corresponding genus of trace fossils was called chirotherium and gained not insignificant importance in geology and paleontology. A memorial on the market square reminds of their discovery or first description. Meyer's Bibliographical Institute , which was moved from Gotha to Hildburghausen in 1828 and to Leipzig in 1874 , was of particular importance for the city. The new Hildburghausen grammar school was built in Georgenstrasse in 1876, followed by a new building for the technical center on the edge of the castle park in Helenenstrasse in 1896. The first museum opened its display collections in 1904.

The Huguenots who immigrated in 1711 settled in the Neustadt, which was laid out in 1710. They introduced wool and stocking knitting. A small Jewish community was also located in Hildburghausen; the synagogue , consecrated in 1811, stood on Marktstrasse and was destroyed in 1933 ( see below ).

Hildburghausen around 1900

The first strike by German printers took place in the Bibliographic Company in 1836. In 1858 the city received a railway connection to Eisenach and Coburg / Lichtenfels with the Werra Railway . As one of the first producers of instant products, the Hildburghausen entrepreneur Rudolf Scheller industrially produced a kind of ready-made soup in 1872.

In the late 19th century, the city gained a dubious reputation when in 1866 the opening of the "state insane asylum" was announced in the press. The institution, occupied by 54 patients, was built on the north-eastern outskirts and was provided with high walls and protective devices of the time to protect the population. They even had to create their own cemetery on the premises of the institution.

1900 to 1989

In the spring of 1907 the local SPD association was founded, and in 1920 that of the KPD .

The First World War claimed 231 lives from Hildburghausen. A memorial from 1925 on the war cemetery of the main cemetery commemorates them . Numerous stone crosses are among the graves of 63 soldiers who died in the city's hospitals (or on home leave) between 1914 and 1920.

In 1924, the population celebrated the 600th anniversary of the city charter as a major event.

With the seizure of power of the National Socialists a reign of terror came on the urban population on certain parts. After the synagogue was destroyed in 1933, community life there ended. The Jewish manufacturer Gassenheimer then made his garden house available for the cult. It was desecrated during the November pogroms in 1938 . The cult objects were burned, but the building was preserved and has been a listed building since 1990. The memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 lists 23 Jewish residents of Hildburghausen who were murdered in the Holocaust .

Between 1934 and 1940, 522 men and 458 women in and around the city were forcibly sterilized . Numerous patients at the facility renamed the Hildburghausen State Hospital were murdered in the Aktion T4 euthanasia program .

At the beginning of September 1939, around a thousand Saarlanders came to Hildburghausen as "repatriates" as part of the "franking" of the so-called " red zone " along the German-French border and were distributed by the city to many households. There were over 3,500 people in the entire Hildburghausen district. They had to spend almost a whole year in their private quarters before most of them could return home in the summer of 1940 after Hitler's risky “campaign in France” was crowned with surprising success. In the church of St. Leopold , an artistic way of the cross made of stained glass and mosaic paintings, which was donated in 1940 by "happily returned Saar Catholics" as a result of a vow and inaugurated on March 2, 1941, is a reminder.

During the Second World War , more than 420 women, children and men, mainly from the Soviet Union, had forced labor in eight companies in the city in the North German machine factory, the furniture factory, the railway maintenance shop, the glassworks, the Beyer & Pensky company, the city administration and the Mohr & Co. steam sawmill.

Over 200 soldiers did not return from combat missions in World War II

An American air raid on February 23, 1945 as part of Operation Clarion with 13 Flying Fortresses B-17 and 33 tons of bombs killed at least 111 civilians. A tenth of the housing stock was destroyed. The end of the war was felt by the invasion of the US units, which had been advancing east along the Werra since the beginning of April. Numerous buildings in the city were hit by artillery fire on April 7, 1945, such as the Apostle Church , the Christ Church , the town hall and the Amthaus am Markt. The castle suffered particularly severe damage ; Although rebuildable, the preserved walls were released for demolition in 1949.

According to the contract, the city ​​was handed over to the Red Army units by the American city ​​commanders on July 4, 1945 . Parts of the 117th Guards Mot remained as the occupation force. Rifle regiment of the 8th Guards Army stationed in Meiningen, for many years in Hildburghausen. Since the castle barracks had been destroyed, the buildings of the technical center were used as barracks. The Technikum school was closed in January 1946. The Soviet military administration initially carried out dismantling work on industrial facilities and track systems. From December 1, 1945 to August 5, 1946, the armaments factory Norddeutsche Maschinenfabrik (Nordeuma) was completely dismantled except for a production hall and transported to the Soviet Union. The small railway line from Hildburghausen to Heldburg and Lindenau was also dismantled at Easter 1946. Since the industrial equipment often incompletely reached the Soviet Union and major problems arose during construction and commissioning, there was a rethink. In the following years, industrial reconstruction through the establishment of Soviet-German stock corporations became the norm, and the reparations payments were made up of finished products. On June 1, 1948, the nationalized Paul-Kätsch-KG, the largest factory in the city, was transferred to public ownership and was renamed VEB TEWA screw and woodworking factory. In the 1970s and 1980s, up to 1700 employees from the city and the surrounding area manufactured standard parts and small iron goods as industrial mass-produced goods.

Loading of Christmas trees in Hildburghausen train station, 1974

After October 7, 1949, the city belonged to the territory of the newly founded German Democratic Republic (GDR). After the final cordoning off of the inner-German border in May 1952, a territorial reform was carried out in the GDR on July 25, 1952. The former countries became districts . Hildburghausen became a district town. The significantly expanded and systematically guarded security along the entire GDR border, especially the establishment of the five-kilometer restricted areas, had a negative effect on Hildburghausen after the Berlin Wall was built. The part of the district south of the city limits with numerous places, businesses and sights fell under the restricted area ordinance and could no longer be entered by many residents. In 1972, some of the affected places were removed from the restricted area.

Hildburghausen was the location of the border regiment Hildburghausen (border brigade 11 with staff in Meiningen) of the border troops with four border battalions in Untermaßfeld, Römhild, Heldburg and Veilsdorf since 1961. After restructuring in 1971 (Grenzkreiskommando Hildburghausen 403), the command post GGK 403, the military training area and a vehicle repair train of the border troops remained in Hildburghausen until 1989. The population of the city grew strongly due to the influx of soldiers and officers and their families.

The draft adopted by the SED leadership in the 1970s for the construction of a socialist society had started a modernization and housing program that would last for decades. For the district towns, the construction of prefabricated housing estates was specified with simultaneous neglect and partial demolition of the old town core.

In the GDR era, Hildburghausen was, in addition to its importance as a district town and location of the metal and wood processing industry, also continued to be the traditional clinic location of the mental hospital, which was designated as a district nerve clinic. The health facilities, which were modernized after the Second World War, were supplemented by a new polyclinic built in 1984; there was still the district hospital, a polyclinic that opened in 1949 and practices spread across the city.

Cultural institutions were the Kreiskulturhaus Freunds, the city museum, the Joseph Meyer district library, the Apollo-Filmtheater and the historical stage of the Hoftheater used by the Meininger Theater. Tourism was not promoted because of the proximity to the border.

Incorporations

  • On January 1, 1969, the formerly independent neighboring communities of Häselrieth and Wallrabs were incorporated.
  • In 1974 the place Birkenfeld was incorporated.
  • On March 8, 1994, Bürden, Ebenhards, Gerhardtsgereuth, Leimrieth, Pfersdorf and Weitersroda followed.

Population development

Population development of Hildburghausen from 1833 to 2018

Development of the population (from 1960 December 31) :

1833 to 1992
  • 1833: 04.269
  • 1885: 05,476 1
  • 1925: 07,500
  • 1950: 07,568
  • 1960: 08,683
  • 1981: 12.045
  • 1992: 11,082
 1993 to 1999
  • 1993: 10,951
  • 1994: 12,650
  • 1995: 12,555
  • 1996: 12,528
  • 1997: 12,436
  • 1998: 12,336
  • 1999: 12,433
 2000 to 2006
  • 2000: 12,466
  • 2001: 12,457
  • 2002: 12,428
  • 2003: 12.301
  • 2004: 12,330
  • 2005: 12,296
  • 2006: 12,245
 2007 to 2013
  • 2007: 12,112
  • 2008: 12,016
  • 2009: 12,004
  • 2010: 11.901
  • 2011: 11,704
  • 2012: 11,695
  • 2013: 11,746
 since 2014
  • 2014: 11,670
  • 2015: 11,792
  • 2016: 11,661
  • 2017: 11,761
  • 2018: 11,836
  • 2019: 11,831
1 including the garrison (a battalion of 95 infantry)

Data source from 1992: Thuringian State Office for Statistics

politics

Local elections 2019
Turnout: 54.8% (2014: 41.8%)
 %
30th
20th
10
0
23.4%
21.0%
19.3%
17.5%
12.2%
6.6%
n. k.
Fire
defense d
BZH f
FWH g
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 25th
 20th
 15th
 10
   5
   0
  -5
-10
-15
-20
-0.9  % p
+ 21.0  % p
-18.9  % p
+ 5.1  % p
+ 2.1  % p.p.
+ 2.5  % p
-10.9  % p
Fire
defense d
BZH f
FWH g
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
d Fire Brigade voters group
f Alliance Future Hildburghausen
g Free Voters Hildburghausen eV

City council

In the local elections on May 26, 2019 , the following distribution of the 24 seats resulted (the difference to the previous local election in brackets):

Political party Seats
LEFT 6 (± 0)
AfD 5 (+5)
CDU 5 (−4)
fire Department 4 (+1)
SPD 3 (+1)
BZH 1 (± 0)
Free voters 0 (−3)

coat of arms

Hildburghausen coat of arms
 Blazon : "It shows in the square box 1 and 4 blue with silver - red striped colorful lion , Field 2 and 3 gold with a black lion with red tongue and reinforcement : Meissner lion ."
Justification of the coat of arms: The city already had a coat of arms at the time of Count Berthold VII von Henneberg-Schleusingen, 1324: a hen above a city ​​wall with two towers . In 1374 Hildburghausen received a new seal and coat of arms due to changes in ownership. Berthold's great-granddaughter Margarete married Balthasar , Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meißen from the House of Wettin. She brought her maternal inheritance, the cities and judicial districts Hildburghausen, Eisfeld and Heldburg - Ummerstadt, into the marriage as a marriage property . Hildburghausen received the coat of arms with the four lions: twice the silver-red Thuringian and twice the black Meissen lion.

Town twinning

Hildburghausen maintains city partnerships with

Hildburghausen also cultivates friendships between cities

In the forest town streets are named after them in honor of the twin towns.

Culture and sights

Sacred buildings

  • Evangelical City Church , also known as Christ Church , built from 1781 to 1785 on the site of a previous building by Albrecht Friedrich von Kesslau as a baroque central building. The furnishings from the time of construction have been preserved, the principal wall with organ, pulpit and altar is particularly worth seeing.
  • Neustädter Church , also Evangelical Apostle Church , it was built from 1755 to 1774.
  • St. Leopold (Catholic), formerly Huguenot Church, built from 1721 to 1722 in baroque forms. Catholic parish church since 1829, as the Huguenots had united with the Lutherans. The baroque high altar wasacquiredin Aschaffenburg in1864.

  • Apostle Church

  • Luis monument in the castle park

Secular buildings

Hildburghausen City Theater
  • The Renaissance - Rathaus Hildburghausen on the marketplace
  • The Hildburghausen residential palace was built between 1685 and 1695, and in 1705 the west wing and a castle church were added. Goethe was once a guest of the ducal family in the castle . Hildburghausen lost the status of a royal seat in 1826. The castle served as a barracks from 1867 and was rebuilt inside. In 1945 it was damaged by fire and demolished in 1949/50. Only the castle cellars and the castle park, which had been transformed into a landscape park in 1780 , remained.
  • Another castle is located in the Weitersroda district , now privately owned.
  • The Brunnquellsche Palais - former technical center and location of the Bibliographical Institute
  • The Huguenot Quarter
  • The Royal House on Pushkin Square
  • The monument to Queen Luise of Prussia can be seen in the palace gardens. The court sculptor Ernst Friedrich Schulze completed the monument in 1815.
  • The Hildburghausen City Theater emerged in 1755 from the ballroom built by Duke Ernst Friedrich I in 1721 and is considered one of the oldest theaters in Germany, next to the even older Ekhof Theater in Friedenstein Castle in Gotha .
  • The city ​​cemetery in the north of the city was inaugurated in 1885, in the park-like area a meter-high column - a monument to Duchess Charlotte - forms the distinctive focal point.

Bismarck Tower on the Stadtberg

Hildburghausen war cemetery : Cenotaph for the victims of the First World War (names of the fallen Hildburghausen residents on the reverse) and cemetery for the soldiers who died in the city's military hospitals . Since 2005, a plaque leaning against the memorial has been commemorating: “In memory of the fallen, missing and victims of World War II ”. Many soldiers who died in hospitals in Hildburghausen, including those of the Second World War, rest in the cemetery. Another cemetery was created for the victims of the February 23 bombing raid .

The graves and a grove of honor for 23 prisoners of war from the Soviet Union and 65 forced laborers of unknown nationality are located in the municipal cemetery . Another cemetery and memorial stone commemorate 31 victims of the Allied forces from France, Belgium, Serbia, Italy, the USA and Great Britain.

Two other memorials can be found on the war cemetery : “In memory of the victims of flight and displacement after the Second World War” and “In honor of the victims of the tyranny ”.

Museums

Hildburghausen City Museum
  • The city museum in the Alte Post shows the history of the city .
  • The Trützschler Milk and Advertising Museum at Bertholdstor is reminiscent of earlier forms of commercial milk processing and a display collection with advertising signs.

Others

  • A game reserve is located on the outskirts as a recreational opportunity - in the "Brick Ponds" corridor.

Economy and Infrastructure

Public facilities

The city is the seat of the district court Hildburghausen , which belongs to the district of the district court Meiningen .

Healthcare

The Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen is one of the well-known institutions in the city of Hildburghausen. The hospital was opened in 1866 as the "Herzoglich-Sachsen-Meiningsche-Landes-Insane Asylum and Nursing Institution". It was privatized to 74.7 percent in December 2001, the remaining shares were sold by the Free State of Thuringia in December 2005. The subsidiary of the Rhön Clinic was sold on to the Helios Clinics in February 2014 . The specialist clinic has approx. 411 beds. A penal system with 65 places is also attached .

The Henneberg clinics Hildburghausen (formerly Polyclinic ) went the end of 2007 a community with hospitals in neighboring counties Sonneberg and Coburg one. The joint approach of several districts from different federal states is so far unique in Germany. The ambulance station of the Regiomed-Kliniken Group is located near the Henneberg Clinics.

traffic

Hildburghausen lies on the Werra Railway , which connected Eisenach with Lichtenfels until the Second World War . Today the line STB 41 of the Süd-Thüringen-Bahn runs every hour during the day to Eisenach via Meiningen and in the direction of Eisfeld - Sonneberg (- Neuhaus am Rennweg ). Between 1888 and 1946, the narrow-gauge Hildburghausen – Lindenau-Friedrichshall railway began south of Hildburghausen station, operated as a local railway, which led via Bedheim and Heldburg to the end of the line at Lindenau-Friedrichshall on the Thuringian-Bavarian border.

The city is integrated into the WerraBus network for bus transport . There is an hourly bus connection on weekdays via Schleusingen to Suhl .

The federal highway 89 runs through the city . It connects Hildburghausen with the cities of Meiningen (approx. 26 km northwest), Eisfeld (approx. 15 km east) and Sonneberg (approx. 38 km east-southeast). Furthermore, the B 89 provides the connection to the A 71 (junction 22 - Meiningen-Süd, approx. 21 km northwest) and thus to the long-distance destinations Schweinfurt (approx. 55 km southwest) and Erfurt (approx. 64 km north-northeast), as well as to A 73 (junction 5 - Eisfeld-Nord, approx. 11 km east-northeast) and thus to the long-distance destinations Suhl (approx. 20 km north), Bamberg (approx. 60 km south-southeast) and Nuremberg (approx. 110 km south-southeast). To the south the L1134 leads out of the city, which connects Hildburghausen with Bad Rodach (approx. 10 km south-southeast) and Coburg (approx. 25 km southeast).

education

In Hildburghausen there is another grammar school in addition to the Georgianum grammar school.

Personalities

The dark countess

Marie Thérèse, known as Madam Royale - the dark countess?

An incident occurred in Hildburghausen at the beginning of the 19th century that continues to occupy historians and writers to this day. On February 7, 1807, a deeply veiled lady, accompanied by a gentleman who called himself Vavel de Versay, stayed at the “Gasthaus zum Englischer Hof” hotel at Markt 14 in Hildburghausen. Their arrival had been announced, but without a name. Her name was never known. The population soon called her the Dark Countess , and Ludwig Bechstein contributed to this with his novel The Dark Count , published in 1854 . The dark countess lived in Hildburghausen until 1810, then she moved to the nearby Eishausen and lived there until her death without revealing her secret. She died in 1837 and was buried on the Stadtberg in Hildburghausen. It was assumed that she was Marie Thérèse Charlotte de Bourbon , a daughter of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinettes , acts.

The mysterious process led to various books and lectures. On the 200th anniversary of her arrival, there was an exhibition in the building that now stands in the place of the Gasthaus zum Englischer Hof , and on the 175th anniversary of her death, a colloquium took place from September 7th to 9th, 2007.

Her grave was opened on October 15, 2013 to use traces of DNA to establish her identity. An interdisciplinary team of scientists had carried out extensive investigations on the remains and comparative DNA analyzes since the grave was opened in 2013. The samples from the grave did not match the female line of Maria Thérèses.

sons and daughters of the town

Elisabeth Albertine of Saxony-Hildburghausen, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
The astronomer Eduard Schönfeld
Friedrich Dotzauer 1850

Other personalities

The publicist, publisher and entrepreneur Joseph Meyer around 1840
The painter and engraver Carl Barth
  • Fritz Hille (1882–1959), teacher and politician (NSDAP)
  • Paul Zitzmann (engineer), director of the Hildburghausen technical center 1904–1924
  • Karl Rambusch (1918–1999), physicist, director of the Rheinsberg nuclear power plant, studied from 1938 at the Hildburghausen technical center

See also

literature

  • Albert Emil Brachvogel : The riddle of Hildburghausen. Novel. New ed. by Theodor Siebert. Verlag Frankenschwelle, Hildburghausen 1990, ISBN 3-86180-015-2 (reprint of the edition published by Hans-Jürgen Salier . Globus-Verl., Berlin 1925, DNB 573292345 ; in Fraktur ).
  • Friedrich Ernst Prince of Saxony-Altenburg: The riddle of the Madame Royale. Marie Therese Charlotte of France - A Bicentennial Secret in the Light of Recent Research. Revised and ed. by Marianne Eichhorn. Frankenschwelle Salier, Hildburghausen 1991, ISBN 3-86180-007-1 (on Marie-Thérèse Charlotte d'Angoulême).
  • Margarete Braungart, Michael Römhild: Hildburghausen. A city history in pictures. Published by the city of Hildburghausen (city museum). Hildburghausen 1996, DNB 948499265 .
  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories and imperial immediate families from the Middle Ages to the present (= Beck's historical library ). 6., completely revised Edition. Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-44333-8 .
  • Hans-Jürgen Salier : Chronicle of the city of Hildburghausen. Volume 1 (= writings on the history of the city of Hildburghausen. Volume 3). Frankenschwelle, Hildburghausen 1999, ISBN 3-86180-065-9 .
  • City administration (ed.): Hildburghausen. The little classic. Information brochure of the city of Hildburghausen . 4th edition. WEKA info Verlag, 2003, OCLC 249152333 , p. 54 . Mering mediaprint, 2013 7 , OCLC 951432774 .
  • Bastian Salier: Freemason in Hildburghausen. People - facts - background (= writings on the history of the city of Hildburghausen. Volume 5). Frankenschwelle, Hildburghausen 2005, ISBN 3-86180-170-1 .
  • Hans-Jürgen Salier: City history Hildburghausen. Bastian Salier, Leipzig 2019, ISBN 978-3-96285-018-0 .

Web links

Commons : Hildburghausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Hildburghausen in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: Hildburghausen  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. ^ A b Kai Lehmann : Exhibition "Luther and the witches. Witch hunt in the area south of the Thuringian Forest. Hildburghausen area ”. Library Museum Schloss Wilhelmsburg Schmalkalden, 2012;
    Ronald Füssel: The persecution of witches in the Thuringian area (= publications of the working group for historical witchcraft and crime research in Northern Germany. Volume 2). DOBU, Wiss. Verl. Documentation and Book, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-934632-03-3 , p. 237 (Zugl .: Diss., Univ. Marburg 2000);
    Egbert Friedrich: witch hunt in the Rodach area and the witch trial code of Duke Johann Casimir. Special contribution to the history of the Coburg country (= writings of the Rodacher Rückert-Kreis. Issue 19). Rodacher Rückert-Kreis, Rodach 1995, DNB 948094842 , pp. 192-236.
  3. ↑ Hildburghausen (district of Hildburghausen). Jewish history / synagogues. In: Alemannia Judaica , December 27, 2016, accessed on August 28, 2017.
  4. ^ A b Hans-Jürgen Salier, Ines Schwamm: fateful year 1945. In: schildburghausen.de. Ines Schwamm, accessed April 17, 2019 (private website).
  5. ↑ Hildburghausen City Archives.
  6. ↑ Search in the name directory. In: bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch, accessed on April 17, 2019 (search for “Hildburghausen”, “residence”; 5 of the 25 Jewish residents listed by name were victims of euthanasia; 2 committed suicide ).
  7. ↑ Hildburghausen district archive, Best. 177_5586 and 177_5587.
  8. ↑ List of people from the F. area housed in the state of Thuringia, Thuringian HStA Weimar, Best. Thür. Min. Des Interior W, No. 23.
  9. ↑ Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. Ed .: Ursula Krause-Schmitt, with an introduction by Frank Spieth . Edited by the Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 . VAS, Verl. Für Akad. Schriften, Frankfurt 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 126 f.
  10. ^ Lothar Günther: Missions and Fates in the Air War over Southwest Thuringia 1944/45. A book on the history of the Free State of Thuringia and the Second World War. Wehry-Verlag, Untermaßfeld 2014, ISBN 978-3-9815-3076-6 , p. 326.
  11. ^ Rudolf Zießler: Hildburghausen. In: Fate of German Monuments in the Second World War. A documentation of the damage and total losses in the area of ​​the German Democratic Republic. Volume 2: Districts Halle, Leipzig, Dresden, Karl-Marx-Stadt, Erfurt, Gera, Suhl. Edited by Götz Eckardt. Henschelverlag Art and Society, Berlin 1978, DNB 790059118 , p. 526 f.
  12. ^ Districts of the city of Hildburghausen. In: hildburghausen.de, accessed on April 15, 2014 (with subpages for the individual districts).
  13. ↑ 2014 municipal council elections in Hildburghausen In: wahlen.thueringen.de,
  14. ↑ a b Municipal council election 2019 in Hildburghausen In: wahlen.thueringen.de,
  15. ↑ Hildburghausen. The little classic. Edited in collaboration with the city of Hildburghausen. 7th edition. mediaprint infoverlag GmbH, Mering 2013, p. 7 ( PDF; 7.6 MB ). In: verwaltungsportal.de. May 8, 2013, accessed November 2, 2016.
  16. ↑ Schulze, Ernst Friedrich . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 30 : Scheffel – Siemerding . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1936, p. 335 (also as a photomechanical reprint c. 1970).
  17. ^ Bismarck tower Hildburghausen. From the Stadtberg to the Bismarck Tower. In: bismarcktuerme.de. Jörg Bielefeld, April 6, 2015, accessed on July 6, 2016 (private website).
  18. ↑ Hildburghausen City Museum. In: Hildburghausen.de. Retrieved August 6, 2020 .
  19. ^ Trützschlersche Milk and Advertising Museum. In: Thueringen.info. Retrieved August 6, 2020 .
  20. ↑ Hans Löhner: The “Bimmelbähnle” from Hildburghausen to Lindenau-Friedrichstal. A Thuringian narrow-gauge railway into Heldburger Land. 2nd, updated and supplemented edition. Verlag Michael Resch, Neustadt / Coburg 2000, ISBN 3-9805967-5-3 .
  21. ↑ The Dark Countess's Riddle. In: spiegel.de/wissenschaft, accessed on July 6, 2016 (for the opening of the grave).
  22. ↑ Prof. Dr. Ernst Kaiser. In: heimatfreundebali.de, accessed on September 9, 2015.
  23. ^ Herbert von Hintzenstern :  Mitzenheim, Moritz. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , p. 592 f. ( Digitized version ). ( Full text with links ).