Landsberg Castle (Ratingen)

Landsberg Castle from the southeast, 1904/1905

The castle on a lithograph 1860/1861

Keep and mansion of the castle (2002)

The Landsberg Castle is a castle in the Ruhr valley in the city of Ratingen near the castle Hugenpoet . It stands near the Kettwiger district before the bridge about one kilometer southwest of the center of Kettwig on the road to Mulheim an der Ruhr -Mintard middle of a English landscape parks with vast forest area.

The complex goes back to a medieval hilltop castle from the end of the 13th century, which was built by Count Adolf V von Berg . At that time it was mainly used to secure the important nearby bridge over the Ruhr that connected Kettwig with Ratingen. Since 1288 at the latest, the castle has belonged to the Lords of Landsberg , who had their ancestral seat until 1903, with an interruption of 120 years.

Modified several times during the 17th and 18th centuries, the complex was given its current form in the historicist style by the industrialist August Thyssen , who acquired it in 1903 and had it converted into his representative residence. The former Gut Landsberg has been called Schloss Landsberg since these structural changes . It has been owned by the Thyssen family since 1926 . After changing uses after the Second World War , it has been leased to thyssenkrupp AG as a seminar and conference venue since 1992 . It is also one of several themed routes on the Route of Industrial Culture .

description

Floor plan of the castle from 1903

The facility has an almost semicircular floor plan and is around 65 meters high on a mountain spur on August-Thyssen-Strasse. The castle plateau is bordered on its west and north side by a ring wall made of Ruhr sandstone up to 13 meters high with a parapet walkway that was probably roofed over and is only partially preserved. Like the keep , the curtain wall largely belongs to the original structure of the 13th century. Buildings with slate- covered roofs border the east and south sides of the palace area .

building

Keep

Of rectangular, almost 33 meters high keep standing on the southwest corner of the lock system with four storeys and a tent roof . Its 2 to 2.30 meter thick walls made of Ruhr sandstone blocks rise on a floor plan of 11.30 by 10.30 meters and end with a brick parapet on a protruding round arch frieze . The floors are accessed through an octagonal stair tower facing the courtyard. The tower has a drainage shaft over all floors on its western outside .

Gate construction

A gate from the 17th century adjoins the keep at its southeast corner , which borders the manor house of the castle in the east . A corridor on the first floor connects the keep with the manor house. A stone alliance coat of arms of the Landsberg / Meschede families is located on the outside above the arched portal . Its counterpart on the courtyard side shows the alliance coat of arms of the Landsberg / Hatzfeld families and an inscription commemorates the repurchase of the complex in 1837 by the imperial baron Engelbert von Landsberg-Velen and Steinfurt (see residents and owners ).

Residential buildings

The mansion with the adjoining gate construction (2020)

Like the gateway, the main substance of the manor house dates from the 17th century, but was built on the foundations of a medieval palace . The exterior is in the Renaissance style , which was combined with elements of Art Nouveau through redesign at the beginning of the 20th century . The two-storey plastered building has corner blocks and two high tail gables, of which the southern one bears the year of construction 1666.

A two-storey wing with a gable roof protrudes from the north corner of the manor house . Iron wall anchors in the form of the year 1655 indicate its year of construction. On the courtyard side is the arched portal of the mansion in the Renaissance style and is flanked by two sandstone columns. The keystone bears the year 1903 and the monogram AT. A three-storey building adjoins the wing, which used to be used for residential purposes, to the northeast. Its two tail gables are positioned at right angles to those of the manor house. The transverse sides are divided into three axes by windows. On the courtyard side, a semicircular stair tower is in front of the building. A winter garden with large arched windows and a stone balustrade connects to the east over the entire length of the intermediate wing and the three-storey building .

Remise and stables

To the northeast of the residential buildings, leaning against the curtain wall, are single-storey buildings that used to be used as a coach house and stables . Their shared gable roof has several differently shaped dormers on the courtyard side . Today the buildings house business and seminar rooms.

Well and round tower

The Remisentrakt is closed at its northern end by a three-story round tower. Its walls made of Ruhr sandstone are crowned by an eight-sided tail hood with a lantern . This tower was still called the archive tower in the 19th century and thus provided information about its use at that time. A staircase leads from a small room on the ground floor to the first floor. Its only room is spanned by a cross vault that is painted in the early 20th century. The battlements of the curtain wall can be entered from this floor.

In the middle of the castle courtyard is another round tower made of broken stones and bricks with a blunt conical roof . It was probably built in the early 15th century. Inside, with a painted cross vault, there is an 18 meter deep well.

inside rooms

Keep

The first floor of the keep was previously used as living space, but since 1928 it has housed the Thyssens family crypt based on a design by the architect Ernst Haiger . The crypt is accessible through a small vestibule through an entrance in the stair tower. Its walls, which are interrupted by windows with onyx panes, and its barrel vaults are clad in yellowish-brown travertine . The floor covering is made of marble , the square slabs of which are colored in different colors form a checkerboard pattern. At the southern end of the room is the marble tumba August Thyssens with a life-size reclining figure made of bronze by Ludwig Habich . In front of it are the graves of his two sons Fritz and Heinrich and his daughter-in-law Amélie, embedded in the ground and covered with bronze panels . Next to the grave of Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza is the burial place of Thyssen's first granddaughter Anita Countess Zichy-Thyssen in a wall niche .

The first floor of the keep consists of a former chapel , which was designed in the neo-Gothic style from 1903 to 1904 . The 7.10 × 6.00 meter room is 7.40 meters high and is spanned by a Gothic ribbed vault. This and the walls have neo-Gothic frescoes by the Hanover church painter Oskar Wichtendahl.

Basement kitchen (1904)

Hallway with marble portal (1904)

Conservatory (1904)

Residential buildings

Although the three stately residential buildings of the castle are clearly recognizable as three separate structures from the outside, this three-part division is not noticeable inside. The rooms on the ground floor have been used for representation since 1904, while the upper floor was used for residential purposes. The interior is in the style of late historicism and was combined with decorative elements based on the taste of the early 20th century.

The basement of the manor house, the structure of which dates back to the Middle Ages, housed the kitchen as well as utility and storage rooms until the early 1990s. The rooms have a quarry stone base and are closed off by a ceiling with a barrel vault. Today they serve as a lounge for seminar participants.

On the first floor, a small hallway with marble wall cladding and a barrel vault with gilded stucco leads from the portal to a large hall . With its fireplace and half-height oak paneling, it is the focal point of the representative rooms. From there, a wide staircase leads to the upper floor and a small hallway through a round arched portal into a salon that serves as a reception room . This is furnished in the style of French classicism . Low paneling and a border of the stucco ceiling in the colors white and gold cover a wall covering made of yellow fabric. There are two large marble fireplaces on the north and east walls.

The dining room is accessible from the salon. Its most striking features are half-height oak paneling, which is replaced by silk covering in the upper wall area, and buffet cabinets with richly carved work. An open, stuccoed fireplace on the north wall enabled the room to be heated.

A door leads from the hall to the Great Hall (also called the Knight's Hall ), which was mainly used as a dining room for social events. Its walls are paneled with dark red-brown wood and vertically structured by richly ornamented pilasters with gilded capitals . On the south side of the room is a sandstone fireplace with a carved mirror attachment. The hall's slightly vaulted stucco ceiling bears three paintings by the Munich painter Ferdinand Wagner.

The winter garden can be reached via three large double doors in the east wall of the Great Hall . The walls above a limestone base are kept in Pompeiian red and coffered with brass strips. They are also vertically structured by white pilasters with herms and caryatids . In addition to four large arched windows, three skylights with colored glass illuminate the room. Supraports over the doors show ancient representations.

The upper floor is more simply furnished than the representative rooms on the lower floor. The master's study and bedroom have coffered, 2/3 high oak paneling. In the bedroom there is a textile wall covering, while the study in the upper third of the wall has a leather wallpaper and an additional baroque fireplace from 1640, the inscription of which shows Friedrich von Landsberg and his wife Katharina von Meschede as its builders.

In addition to August Thyssen's private living quarters, there is a guest apartment on the first floor with the most famous furniture in the palace, the so-called Parisian bath ; a bathroom and toilet room, the furniture of which was made by a Strasbourg company and shown at the world exhibition in 1900. The room has a mosaic floor and a barrel-vaulted stucco ceiling. On the long sides, the walls are clad with wall tiles, which start with brown and yellow tones on the floor and gradually change to blue and turquoise colors upwards. Opposite the two-winged entrance door there is an apse-like bathing niche on the front wall . The white marble bathing basin set into the floor is framed by yellowish-brown limestone on the wall and illuminated by a skylight made of colored glass. All furnishings have playful ornaments that, together with the color scheme of the room, are intended to be reminiscent of a pond.

The guest bedroom with a view of the palace gardens looks comparatively modest next to the Art Nouveau bathroom. All of its furnishings are made of mahogany wood with bronze fittings and feature elements of style from the French Empire .

The gardener's house (2007)

Outbuildings

To the southwest of the actual palace area, at the end of the gardens, is the so-called gardener's house . The two-storey building with a sloping half-timbered facade and hipped roof is a replica of the 20th century. The original building, which served as the orangery , had to be demolished in 1991.

Opposite the gardener's house and connected to it by a covered corridor is the new residential tower made of red clinker bricks with overnight accommodation for seminar and conference participants. It was built until 1992 according to the designs of the Düsseldorf architects HPP Hentrich, Petschnigg & Partner and its shape is based on the architecture of medieval residential towers . On its seven floors there are a total of 27 guest rooms, which are accessed via a round stair tower with a conical helmet .

Park and gardens

Landsberg Castle is surrounded by a large, natural park with a lot of forest, which is criss-crossed by numerous hiking trails.

The gardens south of the palace date back to the first plants in the 18th century, which Sigismund von Bevern commissioned. All that remains of them is the southern part of the ornamental garden, which was redesigned at the beginning of the 20th century based on a design by Julius Trip . It is separated from the former tree garden to the east of the castle by outside stairs , the outline of which can only be guessed at today, and includes three symmetrically arranged fountains, the northernmost of which used to be in the winter garden. The former kitchen garden has disappeared.

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  Garden plan from 1904

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  Kennel Garden (1904)

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  Fountain in the ornamental garden (2003)

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  Park (2008)

history

Residents and owners

Lords of Landsberg

The builder of Landsberg Castle and its first liege lord was Count Adolf V. von Berg. The first documented resident of Landsberg, however, was Philipp von Werden (documented 1259– † 1297) from the family of the Lords of Werden . As early as 1288, Philipp called himself Philippo de Landsberg . At that time he was also ministerial officer of the Werden monastery . Philip's descendants, the lords of Landsberg , later became one of the richest and most respected families in the county. Over the next 500 years, numerous men were of Landsberg with the castle invested , of which but a few as " robber barons operated or desert highway robbers". For example, Philip's son Wessel (also Wezzel ) was condemned by his sovereign to leave Duisburg citizens unmolested. The raids involving the brothers Ludwig and Reinhard von Landsberg around 1400 were so serious that the city of Cologne and the Archbishop of Cologne declared the feud together with many other Bergisch aristocrats , because almost all of the trade in the area was due to the raids came to a standstill (see Kalkumer feud ).

On November 4, 1548, Duke Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg transferred the castle and the associated office to Bertram von Landsberg as a hereditary fief. In return, the complex was an open house of the Bergisch dukes from this date .

At the end of the 16th century, Spanish troops led by their general Francisco de Mendoza, on behalf of the Archbishop of Cologne, Ernst von Bayern, plundered the Landsberg district. They were probably the first in 1589 and 1597 to conquer the castle, which had been considered invincible until then.

After the Jülich-Klevische Succession dispute ended in 1614 with the Treaty of Xanten and the Duchy of Berg fell to Pfalz-Neuburg , the Thirty Years' War broke out three years later , during which imperial troops conquered and devastated Landsberg Castle in early 1633. In the summer of 1633, however, the imperial family were chased away by Hessian troops, so that the castle was occupied by Protestants from then on. After Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm's diplomatic efforts to get his property back were unsuccessful, his troops were able to take back Landsberg Castle in a coup d'état on an autumn night in 1635 .

Changing ownership

The complex, meanwhile converted into a castle, remained in the possession of the Landsbergs until the beginning of the 18th century. After the male family with Vitus Arnold von Landsberg died out in 1705, the castle came to Baron Sigismund von Bevern in 1713 through the marriage of the heiress Anna Wilhelmina . The widow of his descendant Gottfried von Bevern sold the property to the royal Prussian chamberlain Freiherr Gerhard von Carnap in 1825 after the feudal system in the French Rhineland had been abolished in 1809 on the orders of Napoleon and Landsberg Castle had become the property of the von Bevern family. In 1837 Gerhard von Carnap sold the facility again for 50,000  thalers . The new owner was the imperial baron Alexander von Landsberg-Velen zu Steinfurt, who came from a Westphalian branch of the Landsbergs created by division around 1300. He and his successors primarily use the castle as a summer residence.

Until the beginning of the 19th century, the Stroetrecht (from "Stroet" for shrub, bushes, thickets) also belonged to the house. This was the right to keep wild horses in the forest between Duisburg and Düsseldorf, which apart from the Duke of Berg only had a few nobility seats ( Broich , Heltorf , Böckum , Haus zum Haus , Groß-Winkelhausen , Oefte and Landsberg).

August Thyssen and Thyssen Foundation

In 1903 August Thyssen acquired the facility, including the surrounding forest, from Baron Ignatz von Landsberg-Velen and Steinfurt . According to Thyssen's will, after his death on April 4, 1926, the castle and all properties belonging to it were transferred to the August Thyssen Foundation Schloß Landsberg , a family foundation of the Thyssen entrepreneurial family , which is still the owner today; the family's burial place is in the crypt of the keep.

During the Second World War, Landsberg, together with the neighboring Hugenpoet Castle, was the seat of the Rohland staff , a planning staff for the war economy. The castle was also the location of Albert Speer's meetings with representatives of the Rhenish-Westphalian coal and steel industry, which aimed to undermine Hitler's Nero order , which provided for the destruction of industries. It was occupied by British troops on June 26, 1945 and was used to house engineer staff until the end of the occupation in March 1947.

From June 1, 1947, the city of Mülheim operated a children's recreation home at the castle - in the first few months with the support of the British Save the Child Foundation - but ceased operations in February 1952, among other things because of inadequate hygienic conditions. From May 15, 1952 to the end of March 1966, the Raphaelhaus children's home then used the thoroughly renovated building to accommodate children whose relatives were employed by the Thyssen company. Since the maintenance costs clearly exceeded the income, the home had to close after almost 14 years.

From May 1, 1967, the castle was given to the General Association of Evangelical Churches in Essen for use. He subsequently used the facility as a leisure home and meeting place. Since the churches were also in financial difficulties with ongoing usage, the usage contract was terminated on December 31, 1984.

Thyssenkrupp AG (formerly Thyssen AG) has rented the castle since 1989 and uses the premises as a seminar and conference venue.

Building history

Beginnings

Landsberg Castle has its roots in the 13th century. To protect the nearby bridge over the Ruhr, Count Adolf V von Berg probably had a castle built on a mountain spur south of the Ruhr between 1276 and 1289. In addition to the control of this important Ruhr crossing, it also had a function to protect the county borders from the neighboring territories of the Reichsabtei Werden and the Reichsstift Essen . This first defense system, surrounded by a ring wall, consisted of a keep, a gate and an adjoining hall. In the middle of the 15th century, the family of the Knights von Landsberg, who held the castle as a fief, had the curtain wall repaired. In the course of this work, it was reinforced on the Ruhr side with a three-storey round tower.

Thirty Years' War

At the end of the 16th century, the castle was captured by Spanish troops and razed , but then rebuilt. Thirty years later, she met the same fate again during the Thirty Years' War. Occupations and looting by imperial and Hessian troops hit them badly. After troops of the Bergisch Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg had recaptured the castle in autumn 1635, the Landsbergers had the damaged walls repaired during the war and the destroyed round tower rebuilt in 1639, as evidenced by an inscription with the year in the lintel of the tower is. At the same time as these repairs, the battlements of the keep were replaced by a brick parapet and the stair tower was raised.

Conversion to a castle

In 1652 Arnold Friedrich von Landsberg was enfeoffed with the castle. Together with his wife Katharina von Meschede , he had extensive renovations carried out, which transformed the old fortification into a renaissance castle. On the north corner of the palace they built a new, elongated two-storey residential wing by 1656. They then had a new manor house built on the foundations of the old palace by 1666 with curved gables that were horizontally divided by pilaster strips. While it only had narrow light openings on the outside, it opened into five window axes on the courtyard side. Today's gate construction also dates from the time of the couple, who at the same time had the medieval drawbridge replaced by a stone arch bridge.

The baroque gardens are laid out

The castle with its gardens, drawing by Renier Roidkins around 1730

After Sigismund von Bevern came into possession of the palace complex through marriage to Anna Wilhelmina von Landsberg in 1713, he initiated further construction measures. The parapet walkway on the north side was probably built over on two floors. However, these buildings were demolished again in the middle of the 19th century, because a lithograph from 1860/61 shows the castle from the southwest again without these buildings.

The most lasting testimony to von Bevern's redesign measures, however, was the creation of several terraced gardens to the east and south of the palace. The prerequisite for this was the erection of a 100 meter long and eight meter high retaining wall in 1717, which ran parallel to the residential building on its east side, as well as the filling of the moat in front of the gate. In this way, a narrow plateau was created between the manor house and the retaining wall, which was taken up by an axially structured tree garden. Located a little higher than this and connected to it by a flight of stairs, a Baroque ornamental garden with symmetrical shapes and fountains joined the tree garden to the southwest. The spacious landscaped park surrounding the castle and the orangery probably go back to Sigismund von Bevern. Drawings by the Walloon painter Renier Roidkin from around 1730 show the appearance of the time in detail.

August Thyssen's residence

August Thyssen had the castle redesigned and new buildings added, for example the winter garden (center) and a three-story residential building (top right).

During the time when the von Landsberg-Velen family owned the property, they only used it as a summer residence. Due to the infrequent use and the associated poor maintenance, the buildings became very dilapidated. Renovations and renewals were planned again around 1870, but they were never carried out.

Ignaz von Landsberg-Velen sold the dilapidated complex in 1903 to the entrepreneur August Thyssen, who had the castle redesigned until 1904 in order to then use it as a representative residence. Thyssen commissioned three Hanoverians with the architect Otto Lüer , the painter Oscar Wichtendahl and the garden planner Julius Trip to renovate and convert the entire complex. As early as 1900, the two had jointly planned and built the Harderode house and its garden in what is now Coppenbrügge . In the interior of the Landsberg residential buildings, almost all the partition walls were removed in order to make large rooms out of the numerous small rooms. With a few exceptions, their equipment has been completely renewed. Only a few chimneys and coat of arms stones were reused. In addition, equipped Thyssen castle with a variety of art objects from, for example, six marble statues by the French sculptor Auguste Rodin . The new lord of the castle also had the external appearance of the complex significantly changed by completely redesigning the facades of the buildings, erecting additional buildings and adding a winter garden to them. In addition, all roofs were given a uniform covering with slate shingles. The time of the red roof tiles on the manor house and the Remisentrakt was over.

The outdoor facilities designed by Trip took up the basic design elements of the existing gardens and continued them. The former tree garden east of the residential buildings was divided by a long path along its central axis and planted with strictly cut topiary trees. The path ended in the north at a round flower parterre , which was followed by a garden pavilion . Along the retaining wall ran a fabricated wood and iron, white painted portico , but who in 1930 was removed. From the flower parterre, a path turned at right angles to the west to the newly created tennis court north of the round tower. It was surrounded by a stone balustrade and had a small spectator seat under a pergola . Just like the arcade, the pavilion and tennis court no longer exist, but their locations can still be seen in the garden.

Restorations and current use

The new residential tower from the north (2007)

After August Thyssen's death, his heirs had the first floor of the keep converted into a mausoleum for him and his descendants. In 1928 he found his final resting place there.

The first restorations on Thyssen's Castle took place in 1956 and 1966/67 in the outdoor area of ​​the complex. Among other things, the curtain wall and the bridge to the gate were repaired. From 1980 the sandstone elements of the facades and the winter garden as well as the paintings in the former chapel were restored.

After the decision was made at the end of the 1980s to use Schloss Landsberg as a seminar and conference venue in the future, three-year renovation and restoration work began in 1989 under the supervision of the Rhenish Office for the Preservation of Monuments , during which not only the entire interior was restored to its condition from 1904, but also the round tower and Remisentrakt were structurally repaired. The measures were so far-reaching that they even included the reproduction of furniture based on old images.

The future type of use also meant that overnight accommodations had to be created for guests. The owner decided to build a new building in the area of ​​the former kitchen garden opposite the former orangery, which was then torn down and replaced by a new building based on the original. Until 1992, the foundation was the so-called new residential tower building, largely based on the design language of medieval keeps and up to 30 overnight guests can accommodate.

literature

• Carl-Friedrich Baumann: Landsberg Castle and Thyssen. 4th edition. ThyssenKrupp, Duisburg / Essen, and August Thyssen-Stiftung Schloß Landsberg, Mülheim an der Ruhr 2006.
• Alexander Duncker : The rural residences, castles and residences of the knightly landowners in the Prussian monarchy together with the royal family, house, Fideicommiss and Schattull goods. Berlin 1860/1861. ( online , PDF; 244 kB).
• Claudia Euskirchen, Jörg Lesczenski, Stephan Strauss, Birgit Wörner: House research at August Thyssen. Landsberg Castle is examined. In: Preservation of monuments in the Rhineland. Vol. 18, No. 4, 2001, pp. 184-186 ( online ).
• Uta Hassler, Norbert Nussbaum, Werner Plumpe (eds.): A house for a company. Thyssen and Landsberg. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2007, ISBN 978-3-8053-3748-9 .
• Uta Hassler, Norbert Nussbaum, Werner Plumpe (eds.): August Thyssen and Landsberg Castle. An entrepreneur and his house. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2013, ISBN 978-3-8053-4477-7 .
• Gisbert Knopp : Landsberg Castle. 4th edition. Thyssen AG, Duisburg and Essen, and August Thyssen-Stiftung Schloß Landsberg, Mülheim an der Ruhr 2006.
• Gisbert Knopp: Landsberg Castle in Ratingen (= Rheinische Kunststätten . Issue 291). 2nd Edition. Neusser Druckerei und Verlag, Neuss 1986, ISBN 3-88094-524-1 .
• Heinrich Knüfermann: History of the Landsberg Castle near Kettwig on the Ruhr . Mülheim an der Ruhr 1904 ( digitized version ).
• Otto Lüer : Landsberg Castle on the Ruhr . In: Deutsche Bauzeitung . Jg. 40, 1906, No. 28, pp. 191–192 (seven illustrations), urn : nbn: de: kobv: co1-opus-21820 .

Web links

Commons : Schloss Landsberg  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• August Thyssen and Schloss Landsberg - an entrepreneur and his house
• Description of all locations on this themed route as part of the Route of Industrial Culture

Individual evidence

1. ^ G. Knopp: Landsberg Castle . P. 17.
2. ^ G. Knopp: Landsberg Castle . P.56.
3. ↑ Horst-Rüdiger Jarck: Document book of the Augustinerchorfrauenstift Marienberg near Helmstedt . In: Sources and research on Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte, Volume 32, or sources and research on the history of Lower Saxony in the Middle Ages, Volume 24, Hanover 1998, Certificate 126, p. 110 f.
4. ↑ quoted from G. Knopp: Landsberg Castle . P. 10.
5. ↑ H. Ferber: The Calkumschen feuds with the city of Cologne. In: DJB Vol. 8, Düsseldorf 1894, pp. 55-72. ( PDF 4.3 MB )
6. ^ G. Knopp: Landsberg Castle . P. 11.
7. ↑ Walter Kordt : The wild horses in the Angermunder Forest - When the forest between Düsseldorf and Duisburg was still under wilderness - , in: Bürgererverein Duisburg-Huckingen e. V. (Ed.): Huckinger Heimatbuch, Geschichte und Geschichte , Volume II, Duisburg 1997, pp. 52–57.
8. ↑ route-industriekultur.de as of November 4, 2012
9. ↑ Walter Rohland : Moving Times. Memories of an ironworker . Seewald Verlag, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 978-3-512-00517-6 , p. 100 ff.
10. ^ G. Knopp: Landsberg Castle . P. 7.
11. ^ G. Knopp: Landsberg Castle in Ratingen . P. 5.
12. ^ G. Knopp: Landsberg Castle in Ratingen . P. 4.
13. ^ Jens Wroblewski, André Wemmers: Theiss-Burgenführer Niederrhein . Konrad Theiss , Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1612-6 , pp. 95 .
14. ↑ August Thyssen and Schloss Landsberg Status: July 12, 2007.
15. ^ G. Knopp: Landsberg Castle . P. 14.

Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 29 ″  N , 6 ° 55 ′ 12 ″  E