Random-access memory and 2008 in music: Difference between pages

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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2008.
{{redirect|RAM|other uses of the word|Ram}}


{{Year nav topic|2008|music}}<!--nav-box has "list all" yrs-->
[[Image:Memory module DDRAM 20-03-2006.jpg|right|thumb|Example of [[read/write memory|writable]] [[volatile memory|volatile]] random access memory: [[Synchronous]] [[Dynamic RAM]] [[DIMM|modules]], primarily used as main memory in [[personal computers]], [[workstation]]s, and [[server]]s.]]
{{Memory types}}


==Events==
'''Random-access memory''' (usually known by its [[acronym]], '''RAM''') is a [[computer data storage]]. Today it takes the form of [[integrated circuit]]s that allow the stored [[data]] to be accessed in any order, i.e. at ''[[random access|random]]''. The word ''random'' thus refers to the fact that any piece of data can be returned in a [[constant time]], regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is related to the previous piece of data.<ref>''Strictly speaking, modern types of DRAM are therefore not truly (or technically) random access, as data are read in burst; the name DRAM has stuck however.''</ref>
===January===
* [[January 29]] - [[Face to Face (punk band)|Face to Face]] announced that they will reunite for select shows in the [[United States|US]] and internationally.<ref name="facetofacereunion">{{cite web | url = http://www.facetofacemusic.com/blog/?p=4 | title =We’re back!……….sort of | publisher = FaceToFace.com |last=unattributed | date = [[2008-01-29]] | accessdate = 2008-02-07}}</ref>
* [[Rage Against the Machine]] headlined the ''[[Big Day Out]]'' festivals in [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]], their first shows outside of the [[United States]] since reforming, and their first Australian shows in 12 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1501119/story.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10466694|title=Rage Against The Machine to play Big Day Out|last=NZPA|date=[[29 September]] [[2007]]|publisher=The New Zealand Herald/APN Holdings NZ Limited |accessdate=2008-05-16}}</ref>


===February===
This contrasts with storage mechanisms such as [[Magnetic tape|tapes]], magnetic discs and [[optical disc]]s, which rely on the physical movement of the recording medium or a reading head. In these devices, the movement takes longer than the data transfer, and the retrieval time varies depending on the physical location of the next item.
* [[February 10]] - The [[50th Grammy Awards]] took place at the [[Staples Center]] in [[Los Angeles, California]], [[USA]]<ref>[http://www.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Fifty_Years Official Grammy site]</ref>.
* [[February 19]] - [[System of a Down]] guitarist, [[Daron Malakian]], told [[MTV|MTV.com]] that the band were never likely to reform as he would be concentrating on his new band project [[Scars on Broadway]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1581717/20080215/id_0.jhtml | title = Scars On Broadway Is No Side Project | publisher = [[MTV|MTV.com]] | date = [[2008-02-19]] | accessdate = 2008-02-24}}</ref>
* [[February 20]]–[[February 25]] - The [[Viña del Mar International Song Festival]] was held in [[Chile]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://festival2008.canal13.cl/2008/html/Irq1024.html|title=Festival de la Canción de Viña del Mar|publisher=Festival de la Canción de Viña del Mar|language=Spanish|accessdate=2008-05-17}}</ref>
* [[February 23]]–[[March 3]] - The second annual [[Australian Soundwave Festival|Soundwave Festival]] was held in [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=273060|title=SOUNDWAVE FESTIVAL 2008 ANNOUNCED!|last=Djamoos|first=Anton|date=[[18 October]] [[2007]]|publisher=Absolute Punk|accessdate=2008-05-17}}</ref>
* [[February 26]] - The Spice Girls doing their last performace together of their tour The Return of the Spice Girls in Toronto.


===March===
The word RAM is mostly associated with [[Volatile memory|volatile]] types of memory (such as [[DRAM]] [[DIMM|memory modules]]), where the information is lost after the power is switched off. However, many other types of memory are RAM as well (i.e. ''Random Access Memory''), including most types of [[read only memory|ROM]] and a kind of [[flash memory]] called ''[[flash memory#NOR flash|NOR-Flash]]''.
* [[March 7]] - The [[Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival]] 2008 took place in [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.javajazzfestival.com/2008/|title=Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival 2008|year=2008|publisher=Java Festival Production|accessdate=2008-05-19}}</ref>
* [[March 7|7]]–[[March 16]] - The [[2008]] [[South By Southwest]] Conference and Festivals was held in [[Austin, Texas]], USA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2008.sxsw.com/|title=South by Southwest Conference and Festivals|publisher=South by Southwest, Inc|accessdate=2008-05-19}}</ref>
* [[March 11]] - Jazz musician and broadcaster [[Humphrey Lyttelton]] announced his retirement from presenting [[BBC Radio 2]]'s jazz programme after forty years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jazzwise.com/archive/news/L.html|title=Lyttelton to leave radio show|last=unattributed|date=12 March 2008|publisher=Jazzwise Magazine|accessdate=2008-08-22}}</ref>
* [[March 20]] - The [[Eagles]] began a tour to promote their album, ''[[Long Road Out of Eden]]''.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
* [[March 25|25]]–[[March 29]] - The Miami Winter Music Conference was held in Miami Beach Resort & Spa, [[Miami, Florida]], USA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/|title=Winter Music Conference|year=2008|publisher=Winter Music Conference|accessdate=2008-05-19}}</ref>
* [[March 26]] - Guitarist [[Clint Lowery]] rejoined the band [[Sevendust]], replacing [[Sonny Mayo]].{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
* [[March 27]]
**<!--March 27--> British singer [[Leona Lewis]] topped the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100]] with her debut single "[[Bleeding Love]]", the first solo British female singer to do so since [[Kim Wilde]] in [[1987]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article3627676.ece|title=Leona Lewis turns back the clock to top US charts|last=Sherwin|first=Adam|date=27 March 2008|publisher=Times Online|accessdate=2008-08-22}}</ref>
**<!--March 27--> Rock band [[Def Leppard]] began the first leg of their world tour to promote their album ''[[Songs from the Sparkle Lounge]]''.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}


==History==
===April===
* [[April 1]] - [[Scott Weiland]]'s departure from rock band [[Velvet Revolver]] became official.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=94021 | title = It's Official: Velvet Revolver Parts Ways With Singer Scott Weiland | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]] | date = [[2008-04-01]] | accessdate = 2008-04-01}}</ref> Weiland's reunion with his former band, [[Stone Temple Pilots]], and tensions between Weiland and the rest of Velvet Revolver, led to his departure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN0131840320080401|title=Velvet Revolver splits with rocker Scott Weiland|last=Gorman|first=Steve|date=1 April 2008|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=2008-08-25}}</ref>
An early type of widespread ''writable'' random access memory was the [[magnetic core memory]], developed in 1949-1951, and subsequently used in most computers up until the development of the static and dynamic integrated RAM circuits in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Before this, computers used [[relay]]s, [[delay line]]s or various kinds of [[vacuum tube]] arrangements to implement "main" memory functions (i.e. hundreds or thousands of bits), some of which were ''random access'', some not. [[Latch]]es built out of vacuum tube triodes, and later, out of discrete [[transistor]]s, were used for smaller and faster memories such as registers and (random access) register banks. Prior to the development of integrated ROM circuits, ''permanent'' (or ''read-only'') random access memory was often constructed using [[semiconductor diode]] matrixes driven by [[address decoder]]s.
* [[April 2]] - [[Mariah Carey]]'s new single, "[[Touch My Body]]", from her album ''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]]'', is officially confirmed as her eighteenth number one single in the [[United States]] making her the artist with the second most number one hit singles behind the [[Beatles]] with 20.
* [[April 5]] - The reunited [[Face to Face (punk band)|Face to Face]] performed together for the first time in four-and-a-half-years at The Bamboozle Left in [[Irvine, California]], [[USA]].<ref name="facetofacereunion"/>
* [[April 7]] - The newly reunited 90s rock band [[Stone Temple Pilots]] held a press conference announcing a 65-date reunion tour and played for the first time since 2002 at a small, private show in [[Los Angeles, California]], USA.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[April 15]] - Mayor [[Antonio Villaraigosa]] officially proclaimed April 15 as ''Mariah Carey Day'' in Los Angeles, California, USA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?uid=2185|title=Mariah Honored by the City of Los Angeles|last=unattributed|date=[[21 April]] [[2008]]|publisher=UltraStar Entertainment LLC|accessdate=2008-05-21}}</ref>
* [[April 19]] - With her single, "[[I'm a Fire]]", [[Donna Summer]] became the first artist to have a song reach number one on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Hot Dance Club Play]] chart in every decade since the chart's inception in 1974.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
* [[April 19|19]]—[[April 20]] - The [[Festival Imperial]] 2008 was held in Autódromo La Guácima in [[Alajuela]], [[Costa Rica]].{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
* [[April 25|25]]—[[April 27]]
**The [[Empire State Building]] in [[New York City]], USA was lit up in Mariah Carey's motif colors — lavender, pink, and white — in celebration of her achievements in the world of music. Carey is the first person in history to be honored by this event.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?uid=2197|title=Mariah Lights Up Empire State Building|last=unattributed|date=[[28 April]] [[2008]]|publisher=UltraStar Entertainment LLC|accessdate=2008-05-21}}</ref>
**The [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival]] was held in [[Indio, California]], USA. {{Fact|date=May 2008}}
* [[April 26]] - The [[MTV Australia Awards 2008]] took place in [[Sydney]], [[Australia]].{{Fact|date=May 2008}}


== Overview ==
===May===
* [[May 3]] - [[Girls Aloud]] began their [[Tangled Up Tour]] in [[Belfast]], [[UK]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/fame/article.html?in_article_id=146092&in_page_id=7|title=Material Girls Aloud|last=unattributed|date=5 May 2008|publisher=metro.co.uk|accessdate=2008-08-26}}</ref>
===Types of RAM===
* [[May 3|3]]–[[May 4]] - The sixth annual [[The Bamboozle]] festival was held at the [[Meadowlands Sports Complex]] in [[East Rutherford, New Jersey]], [[USA]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
Modern types of ''writable'' RAM generally store a [[Bit|bit of data]] in either the state of a [[flip-flop (electronics)|flip-flop]], as in [[static random access memory|SRAM]] (static RAM), or as a [[electric charge|charge]] in a [[capacitor]] (or [[transistor]] gate), as in [[dynamic random access memory|DRAM]] (dynamic RAM), [[EPROM]], [[EEPROM]] and [[flash memory|Flash]]. Some types have circuitry to detect and/or correct random faults called ''memory errors'' in the stored data, using [[parity bit]]s or [[Error detection and correction|error correction codes]]. RAM of the ''read-only'' type, [[read only memory|ROM]], instead uses a metal mask to permanently enable/disable selected transistors, instead of storing a charge in them.
* [[May 10|10]]–[[May 11]] - The [[Give It A Name]] 2008 festival was held at [[Earls Court Exhibition Centre|Earls Court]], [[London]], UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nme.com/reviews/give-it-a-name/8536|title=It may not have a name, but it certainly has a purpose|last=(unattributed)|date=[[16 May]] [[2007]]|publisher=NME/IPC Media|accessdate=2008-05-23}}</ref>
* [[May 16]] - [[The Offspring]] began the first leg of their [[Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace Tour]] to promote their new album, ''[[Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace]]''.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[May 17]] - The sixteenth annual [[KROQ-FM|KROQ]] [[KROQ Weenie Roast|Weenie Roast]] was held at the [[Verizon Wireless Amphitheater]] in [[Irvine, California]], USA.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
*[[May 21]] - [[David Cook (singer)|David Cook]] won season 7 of the television talent contest [[American Idol]], with the contest decided by a record breaking 97 million votes.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
*[[May 24]] – The [[Eurovision Song Contest 2008|53rd Eurovision Song Contest]] final was held in [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]]. 43 countries competed in the event, including newcomers [[San Marino]] and [[Azerbaijan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/eurovision/news/07.shtml|title=Eurovision Song Contest coverage across the BBC|last=(unattributed)|date=(undated)|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-05-27}}</ref> The contest was won by the Russian entry with the Ukrainians coming second and the Greeks third.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[May 24|24]]–[[May 26]] - The [[Sasquatch! Music Festival]] was held over [[Memorial Day]] weekend at [[The Gorge Amphitheatre]] in central [[Washington]], [[USA]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[May 30]]–[[June 1]]
** [[Rock In Rio#Rock In Rio Lisboa & Madrid|Rock In Rio Lisboa]] 2008 took place in [[Parque da Bela Vista]], Chelas, [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]. The festival continued on [[June 5|5]]–[[June 6]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
** The fourth annual [[Mountain Jam (festival)|Mountain Jam Festival]] was held in [[Hunter Mountain (New York)|Hunter Mountain]], [[New York]], USA.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}


===June===
As both SRAM and DRAM are ''volatile'', other forms of computer storage, such as [[disk storage|disks]] and [[magnetic tape data storage|magnetic tapes]], have been used as "permanent" storage in traditional computers. Many newer products instead rely on [[flash memory]] to maintain data between sessions of use: examples include [[PDA]]s, small music players, mobile phones, synthesizers, advanced calculators, industrial instrumentation and robotics, and many other types of products; even certain categories of [[personal computer]]s, such as the [[OLPC XO-1]], [[Asus Eee PC]], and others, have begun replacing magnetic disk with so called [[flash drive]]s (similar to fast [[memory card]]s equipped with an [[Integrated Drive Electronics|IDE]] or [[SATA]] interface).
* [[June 1]] - [[Westlife]] played their 10th anniversary concert at [[Europe]]'s fourth biggest stadium, [[Croke Park]], in [[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcd.ie/home/fn.php?c=9617084&ar=publicinformationnotice&cat=all|title=Public Information Notice for Celine Dion and Westlife Concerts|last=unattributed|date=23 May 2008|publisher=MCD|accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref>
* [[June 6|6]] and [[June 7]] - [[Foo Fighters]] played their biggest UK stadium shows at [[Wembley Stadium]] in [[London]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[June 10]] - [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]] began the first leg of their tour to promote their seventh studio album.<ref>{{cite web | date=[[April 1]], [[2008]] | title=Rancid compile music videos on new DVD, announce tour dates | publisher=[[Punknews.org]] | url=http://www.punknews.org/article/28337 | accessdate=2008-04-06}}</ref>
* [[June 12|12]] – [[June 15]] - [[Bonnaroo Music Festival#2008|Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival]] was held in [[Manchester]], [[Tennessee]], [[USA]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[June 13|13]] – [[June 15]]
**The seventh [[Isle of Wight Festival 2008|Isle of Wight Festival]] took place in [[Seaclose Park]], [[Newport, Isle of Wight]], [[UK]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
**The sixth annual [[Download Festival]] took place in [[Donington Park]], UK.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[June 17]] - [[George Michael]] began the American leg of his [[25 Live]] tour in [[San Diego, California]], USA, his first U.S. tour for 17 years.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[June 20]] - [[My Bloody Valentine]] played their first reunion show at the [[Roundhouse (venue)|Roundhouse]], [[London]], UK. <ref>{{cite web|date=[[24 June]] [[2008]]|title=My Bloody Valentine at Roundhouse, NW1|publisher=[[Times Online]]|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/live_reviews/article4199762.ece|accessdate=2008-09-18}}</ref>
*[[June 27]] - The [[Nelson Mandela 90th Birthday Tribute]] charity concert took place in [[Hyde Park]] in London, in support of Mandela's [[46664 (concerts)|46664]] Aids Foundation.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[June 27|27]] – [[June 29]] - [[Glastonbury Festival]] was held at Worthy Farm, [[Somerset]], UK.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[June 29]]
**''[[Guitar Hero: Aerosmith]]'', the first video game in the ''[[Guitar Hero]]'' series to be based around a single music group ([[Aerosmith]]), was released.<ref>{{cite web| title = Wii Preview: Guitar Hero: Aerosmith | work = Neal Ronaghan | publisher = [[Nintendo World Report]] | url=http://nintendoworldreport.com/previewArt.cfm?artid=15660 | accessdate=2008-04-01}}</ref>
**The [[Live at the Marquee (festival)|Marquee at Cork Festival]], was held in Ireland.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
**[[Linkin Park]] and [[Jay-Z]] performed at [[Projekt Revolution#2008|Projekt Revolution]] at the [[National Bowl]] in [[Milton Keynes]], UK.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}


===July===
There are two basic types of flash memory: the [[flash memory#NOR flash|NOR type]], which is capable of true random access, and the [[flash memory#NAND flash|NAND type]], which is not; the former is therefore often used in place of ROM, while the latter is used in most [[memory card]]s and [[solid-state drive]]s, due to a lower price.
* [[July 1]] [[Cruefest]] opened in [[West Palm Beach]] [[Florida]]
* [[July 3|3]] – [[July 6]]
** The [[Wireless Festival# 2008|O2 Wireless Festival]] took place in [[Hyde Park]], [[London]], [[UK]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.o2wirelessfestival.co.uk/home/index.aspx|title=O2 Wireless Festival|last=unattributed|year=2008|publisher=Live Nation (Music) UK Limited|accessdate=2008-09-01}}</ref>
** The [[Roskilde Festival]] took place in [[Denmark]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
** The [[Rothbury Music Festival]] took place in [[Rothbury, Michigan]], [[USA]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[July 3|3]] – [[July 7]] - The [[Rock Werchter]] festival took place in [[Belgium]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[July 3|3]] – [[July 13]] - The [[Ottawa Bluesfest]] took place in [[Ottawa]], [[Canada]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[July 4|4]] – [[July 6]] - The [[Heineken Open'er Festival]] took place in [[Gdynia]], [[Poland]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
* [[July 10|10]] – [[July 13]] - The [[EXIT (festival)# EXIT 08|EXIT Festival 08]] took place at [[Petrovaradin Fortress]], in [[Novi Sad]], [[Serbia]].{{Fact|date=June 2008}}
* [[July 20]]
** The [[T4 On The Beach]] music festival took place in [[Weston-super-Mare]], UK.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
** The [[Oxegen#2008 Festival|Oxegen]] music festival took place in [[Kildare]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]].{{Fact|date=June 2008}}
** The [[All Good Music Festival]] took place in [[Masontown, West Virginia]], USA.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}
** The [[T in the Park]] music festival took place at [[Balado]] airfield, [[Kinross]], [[Scotland]].{{Fact|date=August 2008}}


===Memory hierarchy===
===August===
* [[August 1|1]] – [[August 3]] - The [[Lollapalooza]] music festival took place in [[Chicago]], [[USA]].
Many computer systems have a memory hierarchy consisting of [[CPU register]]s, on-die [[Static random access memory|SRAM]] caches, external [[cache]]s, [[DRAM]], [[paging]] systems, and [[virtual memory]] or [[swap space]] on a hard drive. This entire pool of memory may be referred to as "RAM" by many developers, even though the various subsystems can have very different [[access time]]s, violating the original concept behind the ''random access'' term in RAM. Even within a hierarchy level such as DRAM, the specific row, column, bank, rank, channel, or [[interleave]] organization of the components make the access time variable, although not to the extent that rotating [[storage media]] or a tape is variable. (Generally, the memory hierarchy follows the access time with the fast CPU registers at the top and the slow hard drive at the bottom.)
* [[August 12|12]] – [[August 18]] - [[Sziget#2008|Sziget Festival 2008]] took place in [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]].
* [[August 24]] - Season 6 of the television talent contest, [[Australian Idol]], began.
* [[August 30]] - Legendary Filipino rock band, [[Eraserheads]], held their one night only reunion concert in the Fort open field. This is their first concert since 2001. After the 20-minute break, [[Ely Buendia]](the vocalist) was rushed to the hospital because of chest pain due to emotional stress


===September===
In many modern personal computers, the RAM comes in an easily upgraded form of modules called '''[[DIMM|memory module]]s''' or '''[[DIMM|DRAM module]]s''' about the size of a few sticks of chewing gum. These can quickly be replaced should they become damaged or too small for current purposes. As suggested above, ''smaller'' amounts of RAM (mostly SRAM) are also integrated in the [[CPU]] and other [[IC]]s on the [[motherboard]], as well as in hard-drives, [[CD-ROM]]s, and several other parts of the computer system.
* [[September 7]] - The [[2008 MTV Video Music Awards]] event took place at [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount Studios]], [[Hollywood, Los Angeles, California|Hollywood]], [[United States|USA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2008/about.jhtml|title=ABOUT THE SHOW|last=unattributed|year=2008|publisher=MTV Networks|accessdate=2008-09-07}}</ref>
The overall goal of using a memory hierarchy is to obtain the higher possible average access speed while minimizing the total cost of entire memory system.
* [[September 12]] - The season 4 of the Finnish talent contest, [[Idols (Finland)|Idols]], began.
* [[September 18]] - [[Crystal Castles]] played their biggest headline show to date. A sold out show at [[Electric Ballroom]] in Camden, [[London]]
* [[September 20]] - [[Pink (singer)|Pink]] scored her first solo number-one hit in her native USA, with the song "[[So What (Pink song)|So What]]"
* [[September 21]] - The [[Eric Burdon]] show in [[Oklahoma]] was cancelled due his [[health]] problems.
* [[September 25]] - Former Beatle [[Paul McCartney]] made a single concert in Israel at [[Tel Aviv]] park for the first time since [[The Beatles]] were banned from Israel since [[1965]].
* [[September 26]] – [[Britney Spears]] releases her highly anticipated first single "[[Womanizer]]" off her sixth studio album, ''[[Circus (Britney Spears album)|Circus]]''.


====Swapping====
==Bands formed==
<!-- Please DO NOT put bands that have a red link. ONLY put bands here that have a wikipedia page. -->
If a computer becomes low on RAM during intensive application cycles, the computer can perform an operation known as "[[Paging|swapping]]". When this occurs, the computer temporarily uses [[hard drive]] space as additional memory. Constantly relying on this type of backup memory is called [[Thrash (computer science)|thrashing]], which is generally undesirable because it lowers overall system performance. In order to reduce the dependency on swapping, more RAM can be installed.


*[[Fear and the Nervous System]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=92171|title=KORN Guitarist Launches FEAR AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Project|last=unattributed|date=4 March 2008|publisher=blabbermouth.net|accessdate=2008-09-08}}</ref>
===Other uses of the "RAM" term===
*[[Girlicious]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/girlicious/artist.jhtml#bio|title=Girlicious|last=unattributed|date=undated|publisher=MTV Networks|accessdate=2008-09-08}}</ref>
Other physical devices with read/write capability can have "RAM" in their names: for example, [[DVD-RAM]]. "Random access" is also the name of an indexing method: hence, disk storage is often called "random access" because the reading head can move relatively quickly from one piece of data to another, and does not have to read all the data in between. However the final "M" is crucial: "RAM" (provided there is no additional term as in "DVD-RAM") always refers to a solid-state device.
*[[One Day as a Lion]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Iglu & Hartly]]


====RAM disks====
==Bands reformed==
{{Refimprovesect|date=March 2008}}
Software can "partition" a portion of a computer's RAM, allowing it to act as a much faster hard drive that is called a [[RAM disk]]. Unless the memory used is non-volatile, a RAM disk loses the stored data when the computer is shut down. However, volatile memory can retain its data when the computer is shut down if it has a separate power source, usually a [[battery (electricity)|battery]].


*[[Amebix]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metalfan.ro/articol.php?sectiune=2&id_doc=3186&lng=2|title=Interview with Rob "the Baron" Miller (Amebix)|last=Hellhammer_x09|date=1 July 2008|publisher=Metalfan.ro|accessdate=2008-09-10}}</ref>
==== Shadow RAM ====
*[[Atomic Kitten]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
Sometimes, the contents of a ROM chip is copied to SRAM or DRAM to allow for shorter access times (as ROM may be slower). The ROM chip is then disabled while the initialized memory locations are switched in on the same block of addresses (often write-protected). This process, sometimed called ''shadowing'', is fairly common in both computers and [[embedded systems]].
*[[Bad Company]] (reformed for a one-off show){{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Big Drill Car]] (reformed for six shows only){{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Bleed the Dream]] (the three remaining founding members started playing and writing music again){{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Blind Faith]] ([[Eric Clapton]] and [[Steve Winwood]], reformed for three performances){{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Bone Thugs-N-Harmony]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Boyzone]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Carcass]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[D:Ream]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Died Pretty]] (reformed for five shows only){{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Dogs Die In Hot Cars]] <ref>http://dogsdieinhotcarsalbum2.blogspot.com/2008/04/about-project-2.html</ref>
*[[Dynamite Boy]] (reformed for two shows only){{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[En Vogue]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1OUGJazwzA|title=Cindy Maxine Dawn Terry The Original members of En Vogue reunite on KTLA Los Angeles TV and sing live|last=unattributed|date=undated|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=2008-09-10}}</ref>
*[[Eraserheads]] (reformed for one night only){{Fact|date=October 2008}}
*[[Eve 6]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Face to Face (punk band)|Face to Face]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Green River]] (reformed for a one-off show){{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Kidneythieves]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Living Sacrifice]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[New Kids on the Block]]<ref>{{cite news|title=New Kids on the Block to Reunite, new album in works| date =2008-04-03| url =http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Music/04/03/people.newkids.ap/index.html | accessdate =2008-04-03}}</ref>
*[[No Doubt]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1584561/20080401/stefani_gwen.jhtm|title=Gwen Stefani Says No Doubt Are In The Studio 'Every Day,' Working On Album Expected In 20|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|date=1 April 2008|publisher=MTV Networks|accessdate=2008-09-10}}</ref>
*[[Oneida]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[The Pharcyde]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Pestilence (band)|Pestilence]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Rival Schools (band)|Rival Schools]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Sixpence None the Richer]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Snot (band)|Snot]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Spineshank]] (shortly after the official break-up, the band reformed with Jonny Santos){{Fact|date=October 2008}}
*[[Stone Temple Pilots]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Stone Temple Pilots reveal reunion tour dates|date=8 April 2008|publisher=NME|accessdate-2008-09-18}}</ref>
*[[Teenage Jesus & the Jerks]] (reformed for a one-off show){{Fact|date=September 2008}}
*[[Vision of Disorder]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}


==Returning Performers==
As a common example, the [[BIOS]] in typical personal computers often have an option called “use shadow BIOS” or similar. When enabled, functions relying on data from the BIOS’s ROM will instead use DRAM locations (most can also toggle shadowing of video card ROM or other ROM sections). Depending on the system, this may or may not give a performance boost. On some systems the benefit may be hypothetical because the BIOS is not used after booting in favour of direct hardware hardware access. Of course, somewhat less free memory is available when shadowing is enabled.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://hardwarehell.com/articles/shadowram.htm|title=Shadow Ram|accessdate=2007-07-24 |format=HTML}}</ref>
*[[New Kids on the Block]]
*[[No Doubt]]
*[[Vanessa Amorosi]]
*[[Boyzone]]
*[[Anastacia (singer)|Anastacia]]
*[[Dido (singer)|Dido]]
*[[AC/DC]]
*[[CDB]]


==Recent developments==
==Bands disbanded==
{{Refimprove|section|date=July 2008}}
Several new types of [[NVRAM|''non-volatile'' RAM]], which will preserve data while powered down, are under development. The technologies used include [[carbon nanotube]]s and the [[magnetic tunnel effect]]. In summer 2003, a 128 [[Kilobyte|KB]] [[MRAM|magnetic RAM]] chip manufactured with 0.18 µm technology was introduced. The core technology of MRAM is based on the magnetic tunnel effect. In June 2004, [[Infineon Technologies]] unveiled a 16&nbsp;[[Megabyte|MB]]<ref name = Prefix1/> prototype again based on 0.18 µm technology. [[Nantero]] built a functioning carbon nanotube memory prototype 10&nbsp;[[Gigabyte|GB]]<ref name=Prefix1>{{BDprefix|p=B}}</ref> array in 2004. Whether some of these technologies will be able to eventually take a significant market share from either DRAM, SRAM, or flash-memory technology, however, remains to be seen.
* [[3LW]]
* [[Across Five Aprils]]
* [[Be Your Own Pet]]
* [[Blinded Black]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=306576|title=Blinded Black Break Up|last=Tate|first=Jason|date=[[24 March]] [[2008]]|publisher=AbsolutePunk, LLC|accessdate=2008-07-02}}</ref>
* [[The Chalets]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotpress.com/archive/4446834.html|title=The Chalets split|last=unattributed|date=[[15 February]] [[2008]]|publisher=Hot Press|accessdate=2008-07-02}}</ref>
* [[The Dead 60s]]
* [[Dead To Fall]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=310430|title=Dead To Fall Breaks Up|last=Kohli|first=Rohan|date=[[8 April]] [[2008]]|publisher=AbsolutePunk, LLC|accessdate=2008-07-02}}</ref>
* [[Dirty Pretty Things]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/146124-dirty-pretty-things-to-split-after-fall-tour|title=Dirty Pretty Things to Split After Fall Tour|last= Sargeant|first=Roger|date=[[3 October]] [[2008]]|publisher=Pitchfork Media|accessdate=2008-10-10}}</ref>
* [[The Departure]]
* [[Etan]]
* [[Folly]]
* [[From a Second Story Window]]
* [[From Autumn To Ashes]]
* [[The Fully Down]]
* [[The Hellacopters]]
* [[Himsa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.decoymusic.com/vb/showthread.php?t=31261|title=And Himsa Have Now Broken Up|first=Aaron|date=[[21 June]] [[2008]]|publisher=decoymusic.com|accessdate=2008-07-02}}</ref>
* [[Hopesfall]]
* [[I Was A Cub Scout]]
* [[Junior Senior]] <ref>[http://gaffa.dk/nyheder/view.php/news_id=23340/artist_focus=20964 GAFFA.dk: "Junior Senior opløst" en: "Junior Senior disbanded"]</ref>
* [[Meet Me In St. Louis (band)|Meet Me In St. Louis]]
* [[Milburn (band)|Milburn]]
* [[Ministry (band)|Ministry]]
* [[Modern Life Is War]]
* [[Moros Eros]]
* [[Mumm-Ra (band)|Mumm-Ra]]
* [[Pink Floyd]] (on hiatus since 1996; official split on September 12 2008)
* [[The Police]]
* [[The Procussions]]
* [[Quiet Riot]]
* [[Raging Speedhorn]]
* [[The Receiving End of Sirens]]
* [[Ride the Sky]]
* [[The Servant]]
* [[Shot Down Sun]]
* [[Spice Girls]] (abandoned after their final concert together)
* [[SikTh]]
* [[Spineshank]] (on hiatus since 2004 and officially announced split in February 2008)
* [[Still Remains]]
* [[Submersed]]
* [[The Summer Obsession]]
* [[This Et Al]]
* [[Toto (band)|Toto]]
* [[Trick Pony]]
* [[Yellow Swans]]
* [[YouInSeries]]


==Bands on hiatus==
Since 2006, "[[Solid-state drive]]s" (based on flash memory) with capacities exceeding 150 gigabytes and speeds far exceeding traditional disks have become available. This development has started to blur the definition between traditional random access memory and "disks", dramatically reducing the difference in performance.
{{Refimprovesect|date=July 2008}}
<br />
* [[¡Forward, Russia!]] (indefinite hiatus)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nme.com/news/forward-russia/38864|title=¡Forward, Russia! to Split?|last=unattributed|date=[[13 August]] [[2008]]|publisher=nme.com|accessdate=2008-08-14}}</ref>
* [[Big & Rich]] (until 2009, due to a neck injury suffered by [[Big Kenny]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gactv.com/gac/nw_headlines/article/0,,GAC_26063_5795670,00.html|title=Big Kenny On Big & Rich's Hiatus|last=unattributed|date=29 January 2008|publisher=Great American Country|accessdate=2008-09-12}}</ref>
* [[Fear Factory]]
* [[Foo Fighters]]
* [[The Format]]
* [[From Autumn to Ashes]]
* [[Glue Gun (band)|Glue Gun]]
* [[Guns N' Roses]]{{Fact|date=October 2008}}
* [[Incubus (band)|Incubus]] (on break from touring and recording)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/incubus_to_take_a_break.html|title=Incubus To Take A Break|last=unattributed|date=[[1 July]] [[2008]]|publisher=[[Ultimate Guitar Archive|Ultimate-Guitar.com]]|accessdate=2008-07-02}}</ref>
* [[Monkey Swallows the Universe]] (indefinite hiatus)
* [[June (band)|June]] (indefinite hiatus)
* [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] (hiatus for at least one year)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muchmusic.com/news/story.asp?id=20996|title=Chili Peppers (Sort Of) Break-Up|last=unattributed|date=[[22 May]] [[2008]]|publisher=muchmusic.com|accessdate=2008-06-30}}</ref>
* [[Reuben]]
* [[Social Distortion]] (due to their lead singer undertaking a solo tour)
* [[The Starting Line]] (indefinite break)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=301596|title=The Starting Line Press Conference|last=Jason|first=Tate|date=[[5 March]] [[2008]]|publisher=AbsolutePunk, LLC|accessdate=2008-06-30}}</ref>
* [[Velvet Revolver]] (whilst looking for a new lead singer)
* [[Westlife]] (a one year break)
* [[Wolfmother]] (whilst looking for new musicians)
* [[Yellowcard]]


==Top selling singles in the world==
==Memory wall==
These were the top selling [[Single (music)|singles]] in 2008 as of the week of October 11-18, 2008 (Week 42), according to United World Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediatraffic.de/tracks.htm|title=United World Chart|last=unattributed|year=2008|publisher=Media Traffic|accaessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref><!-- the first week of this year, week 01 / 2008 - January 5, on the Media Traffic website was included in last years end of year charts so DO NOT include it in this years.-->
The "memory wall" is the growing disparity of speed between CPU and memory outside the CPU chip. An important reason for this disparity is the limited communication bandwidth beyond chip boundaries. From 1986 to 2000, [[Central processing unit|CPU]] speed improved at an annual rate of 55% while memory speed only improved at 10%. Given these trends, it was expected that memory latency would become an overwhelming [[bottleneck (engineering)|bottleneck]] in computer performance. <ref>The term was coined in [http://www.cs.virginia.edu/papers/Hitting_Memory_Wall-wulf94.pdf Hitting the Memory Wall: Implications of the Obvious (PDF)].</ref>


{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
Currently, CPU speed improvements have slowed significantly partly due to major physical barriers and partly because current CPU designs have already hit the memory wall in some sense. Intel summarized these causes in their [http://download.intel.com/technology/computing/archinnov/platform2015/download/RMS.pdf Platform 2015 documentation (PDF)]
|-
<blockquote>
! Position
“First of all, as chip geometries shrink and clock frequencies rise, the transistor leakage current increases, leading to excess power consumption and heat (more on power consumption below). Secondly, the advantages of higher clock speeds are in part negated by memory latency, since memory access times have not been able to keep pace with increasing clock frequencies. Third, for certain applications, traditional serial architectures are becoming less efficient as processors get faster (due to the so-called [[Von Neumann architecture#Von Neumann bottleneck|Von Neumann bottleneck]]), further undercutting any gains that frequency increases might otherwise buy. In addition, partly due to limitations in the means of producing inductance within solid state devices, [[resistance-capacitance]] (RC) delays in signal transmission are growing as feature sizes shrink, imposing an additional bottleneck that frequency increases don't address.”
! Single title
</blockquote>
! Artist name
! Points cum.
! Peak (2008)
|-
| 1
| "[[Bleeding Love]]"
| [[Leona Lewis]]
| 9,468,000
| 1
|-
| 2
| "[[4 Minutes (Madonna song)|4 Minutes]]"
| [[Madonna (entertainer)| Madonna]] featuring [[Justin Timberlake]] and [[Timbaland]]
| 7,623,000
| 1
|-
| 3
| "[[Apologize (song)|Apologize]]"
| [[Timbaland]] presents [[OneRepublic]]
| 7,062,000
| 1
|-
| 4
| "[[Mercy (song)|Mercy]]"
| [[Duffy (singer)|Duffy]]
| 6,192,000
| 3
|-
| 5
| "[[Low (Flo Rida song)|Low]]"
| [[Flo Rida]] featuring [[T-Pain]]
| 6,010,000
| 3
|-
| 6
| "[[Don't Stop the Music (Rihanna song)|Don't Stop the Music]]"
| [[Rihanna]]
| 5,853,000
| 1
|-
| 7
| "[[Love Song (Sara Bareilles song)|Love Song]]"
| [[Sara Bareilles]]
| 5,593,000
| 7
|-
| 8
| "[[Viva La Vida]]"
| [[Coldplay]]
| 5,474,000
| 1
|-
| 9
| "[[I Kissed A Girl]]"
| [[Katy Perry]]
| 5,270,000
| 1
|-
|10
| "[[No Air]]"
| [[Jordin Sparks]] feat. [[Chris Brown (singer)|Chris Brown]]
| 5,193,000
| 7
|-
|}


==Best selling albums in the world==
The RC delays in signal transmission were also noted in [http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/cart/trips/publications/isca00.pdf Clock Rate versus IPC: The End of the Road for Conventional Microarchitectures] which projects a maximum of 12.5% average annual CPU performance improvement between 2000 and 2014. The data on [http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/quickreffam.htm Intel Processors] clearly shows a slowdown in performance improvements in recent processors. However, Intel's new processors, [[Core 2 Duo]] (codenamed Conroe) show a significant improvement over previous [[Pentium 4]] processors; due to a more efficient architecture, performance increased while clock rate actually decreased.
The best sold records in 2008 according to UWC as of the week of October 11-18, 2008 (Week 42). Some records were released in 2006 and 2007, their total sales are behind their sales in 2008 (plus the estimated +7.5% that UWC doesn't cover). All album sales information is from the United World Chart.<ref>[http://www.mediatraffic.de/previous2.htm UWC Albums]</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
==Security concerns==
! Position !! Album Title !! Artist !! Sales''' !! Total Sales''' !!width=100px| '''Highest Position in 2008 !!width=105px| Position Change from Last Week
Contrary to simple models (and perhaps common belief), the contents of modern SDRAM modules aren't lost immediately when the computer is shutdown; instead, the contents fade away, a process that takes only seconds at room temperatures, but which can be extended to minutes at low temperatures. It is therefore possible to get hold of an encryption key if it was stored in ordinary working memory (i.e. the SDRAM modules).<ref>[http://citp.princeton.edu/memory Cold Boot Attacks on Encryption Keys]</ref> This is sometimes referred to as a [[cold boot attack]].
|-
| 1 || ''[[Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends]]'' || [[Coldplay]] || 5,441,000 || 5,441,000|| 1 || –
|-
| 2 || ''[[Back to Black (album)|Back to Black]]'' || [[Amy Winehouse]] || 5,144,000 || 11,100,000 || 1 || –
|-
| 3 || ''[[Rockferry]]'' || [[Duffy (singer)|Duffy]] || 3,556,000 || 3,556,000 || 2 || –
|-
| 4 || ''[[Spirit (Leona Lewis album)|Spirit]]'' || [[Leona Lewis]] || 3,460,000 || 4,642,000 || 1 || –
|-
| 5 || ''[[Hard Candy (Madonna album)|Hard Candy]]'' || [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] || 2,975,000 || 2,975,000 || 1 || –
|-
| 6 || ''[[Good Girl Gone Bad]]'' || [[Rihanna]] || 2,925,000 || 5,920,000 || 1 || –
|-
| 7 || ''[[Tha Carter III]]'' || [[Lil Wayne]] || 2,774,000 || 2,774,000 || 1 || {{increase}}1
|-
| 8 || ''[[As I Am]]'' || [[Alicia Keys]] || 2,750,000 || 6,058,000 || 1 || {{decrease}}1
|-
| 9 || ''[[Mamma Mia! The Movie Soundtrack]]'' || [[Mamma Mia! The Movie#Cast|Mamma Mia! (cast)]] || 2,560,000 || 2,560,000 || 1 || –
|-
| 10 || ''[[Sleep Through the Static]]'' || [[Jack Johnson]] || 2,248,000 || 2,248,000 || 1 || –
|-
|}


== See also ==
==Deaths==
{{commons|RAM}}
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
* [[Static random access memory|SRAM]] (Static RAM)
* [[Dynamic random access memory|DRAM]] (Dynamic RAM)
** [[Fast Page Mode DRAM|FPM]] (Fast Page Mode DRAM)
** [[Dynamic random access memory#Extended_Data_Out_(EDO)_DRAM|EDO RAM]] (Extended Data Out DRAM)
** [[Dynamic random access memory#Burst_EDO_(BEDO)_DRAM|BEDO RAM]] (Burst Extended Data Out DRAM)
** [[SDRAM]] (Synchronous DRAM)
*** [[DDR SDRAM]] (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
**** [[DDR2 SDRAM]]
****[[DDR3 SDRAM]]
*** [[Rambus DRAM]]
**** [[XDR DRAM]]


{{Unreferencedsection|date=August 2008}}
* [[Rambus|RIMM]], [[SIMM]], [[DIMM]] (RAM-packages)
<br />
* [[SO-DIMM]] and [[MicroDIMM]] (Laptop RAM-packages)
===January===
*[[January 3]] - [[Henri Chopin]], 85, French sound poet
*[[January 11]] - [[Pete Candoli]], 84, American jazz trumpeter
*[[January 13]] - [[Sergejus Larinas]], 51, Russian [[tenor]]
*[[January 17]] - [[Madeleine Milhaud]], 105, French [[Libretto|librettist]]
*[[January 19]] - [[Andy Palacio]], 47, Belizean [[Punta]] musician
*[[January 19]] - Trevor Taylor, 50, German singer ([[Bad Boys Blue]])
*[[January 19]] - [[John Stewart (musician)|John Stewart]], 68, American [[singer-songwriter]]
*[[January 20]] - [[Tommy McQuater]], 93, British jazz trumpeter
*[[January 25]] - [[Evelyn Barbirolli]], 97, British oboist
*[[January 30]] - [[Miles Kington]], 66, British bassist


===February===
* [[Nonvolatile BIOS memory|"CMOS RAM"]]
*[[February 4]] - [[Tata Güines]], 77, Cuban percussionist and composer
*[[February 10]] - [[Freddie Bell and the Bellboys|Freddie Bell]], 76, American musician
*[[February 10]] - [[Inga Nielsen]], 61, Danish [[soprano]]
*[[February 13]] - [[Henri Salvador]], 90, French singer
*[[February 15]] - [[Willie P. Bennett]], 56, Canadian folk singer-songwriter
*[[February 19]] - [[Yegor Letov]], 43, Russian [[Punk rock|punk]] singer
*[[February 19]] - [[Teo Macero]], 82, American jazz saxophonist, [[record producer]] and composer
*[[February 21]] - [[Joe Gibbs (record producer)|Joe Gibbs]], Jamaican record producer
*[[February 24]] - [[Larry Norman]], 60, American musician
*[[February 25]] - [[Static Major|Stephen "Static Major" Garrett]], 33, singer
*[[February 26]] - [[Buddy Miles]], 60, American drummer
*[[February 27]] - [[Ray Kane]], 82, American [[slack-key guitar]]ist
*[[February 27]] - [[Ivan Rebroff]], 76, German singer
*[[February 28]] - [[Mike Smith (Dave Clark Five)|Mike Smith]], 64, British singer and producer ([[The Dave Clark Five]])


===March===
* [[CAS latency]] (CL)
*[[March 2]] - [[Jeff Healey]], 41, blind Canadian musician and actor.
* [[Dual-channel architecture]]
*[[March 3]] - [[Giuseppe Di Stefano]], 86, Italian tenor
* [[Error detection and correction#Error-correcting code|ECC]] (Error-correcting code)
*[[March 3]] - [[Norman Smith (record producer)|Norman Smith]], 85, British record producer and musician
* [[Registered memory|Registered/Buffered memory]]
*[[March 4]] - [[Leonard Rosenman]], 83, American composer
*[[March 12]] - [[Alun Hoddinott]], 78, British composer
*[[March 13]] - [[The Blue Sky Boys|Bill Bolick]], 90, [[Country music|country]] musician
*[[March 15]] - [[Mikey Dread]], 53, Jamaican [[reggae]] musician and broadcaster
*[[March 16]] - [[Ola Brunkert]], 61, Swedish drummer
*[[March 21]] - [[Klaus Dinger]], 61, German drummer
*[[March 21]] - [[Shusha Guppy]], 72, Iranian folk-singer and composer
*[[March 22]] - [[Cachao López]], 89, Cuban bassist
*[[March 23]] - [[Neil Aspinall]], 66, British music industry executive
*[[March 29]] - [[Allan Ganley]], 77, British jazz drummer


===April===
* [[NVRAM|Non-Volatile RAM]] (NVRAM)
*[[April 15]] - [[Sean Costello]], 28, American [[blues]] musician
* [[Spin Torque Transfer|STT RAM]] (Spin Torque Transfer RAM)
*[[April 15]] - [[Brian Davison (drummer)|Brian Davison]], 65, British drummer
*[[April 17]] - [[Danny Federici]], 58, American rock multi-instrumentalist
*[[April 20]] - [[Louis and Bebe Barron|Bebe Barron]], 82, American electronic music pioneer
*[[April 20]] - [[VL Mike]], 30, American [[Rapping|rap]] artist
*[[April 24]] - [[Tristram Cary]], 82, British composer
*[[April 24]] - [[Jimmy Giuffre]], 86, American jazz musician
*[[April 25]] - [[Humphrey Lyttelton]], 86, British jazz musician
*[[April 26]] - [[Henry Brant]], 94, American composer
*[[April 27]] - [[Frances Yeend]], 95, American [[soprano]]
*[[April 29]] - [[Micky Waller]], 66, British drummer


===May===
* [[Compact Flash]], [[SD Card]], [[xD Card]] etc
*[[May 4]] - [[Kishan Maharaj]], 84, Indian [[tabla]] player
*[[May 5]] - [[Jerry Wallace]], 79, American country music singer
*[[May 6]] - [[Franz Jackson]], 95, American jazz saxophonist
*[[May 8]] - [[Eddy Arnold]], 89, American country music singer
*[[May 8]] - [[Larry Levine]], 80, American [[Audio engineering|audio engineer]]
*[[May 10]] - [[Leyla Gencer]], 79, Turkish [[soprano]]
*[[May 11]] - [[Dottie Rambo]], 74, American [[Gospel music|gospel]] singer
*[[May 11]] - [[John Rutsey]], 54 or 55, Canadian drummer
*[[May 15]] - [[Alexander Courage]], 88, American composer
*[[May 15]] - [[Bob Florence]], 75, American jazz pianist
*[[May 17]] - [[Wilfrid Mellers]], 94, British [[Musicology|musicologist]] and composer
*[[May 21]] - [[Siegmund Nissel]], 86, Austrian violinist
*[[May 23]] - [[Utah Phillips]], 73, American folk [[singer-songwriter]]
*[[May 24]] - [[Jimmy McGriff]], 72, American jazz organist
*[[May 26]] - [[Earle Hagen]], 88, American composer
*[[May 28]] - [[Danny Moss]], 80, British jazz saxophonist
*[[May 30]] - [[Campbell Burnap]], 68, British jazz trombonist and broadcaster
*[[May 30]] - [[Nat Temple]], 94, British [[big band]] leader


===June===
* [[DVD-RAM]]
*[[June 1]] - [[Al Jones]], 62, British folk musician
*[[RAM parity]]
*[[June 2]] - [[Bo Diddley]], 79, American rock and roll and blues singer, songwriter and guitarist
</div>
*[[June 4]] - [[Bill Finegan]], 91, American jazz pianist and arranger
*[[June 8]] - [[Šaban Bajramović]], 72, Serbian [[Roma people|Roma]] musician
*[[June 12]] - [[Danny Davis (country musician)|Danny Davis]], 83, American band leader
*[[June 14]] - [[Jamelão]], 95, Brazilian [[samba]] singer
*[[June 14]] - [[Esbjörn Svensson]], 44, Swedish jazz pianist
*[[June 16]] - [[Margaret Kitchin]], 94, Swiss pianist
*[[June 17]] - [[Cyd Charisse]], 86, American dancer and actress
*[[June 24]] - [[Ira Tucker]], 83, American [[Gospel music|gospel]] singer
*[[June 27]] - [[Raymond Lefèvre]], 78, French [[easy listening]] musician
*[[June 27]] - [[Daihachi Oguchi]], 84, Japanese drummer
*[[June 27]] - [[Leonard Pennario]], 83, American pianist
*[[June 30]] - [[Ángel Tavira]], 83, Mexican violinist and composer


===July===
== Notes and references ==
*[[July 1]] - [[Mel Galley]], 60, British guitarist
{{reflist}}
*[[July 3]] - [[Oliver Schroer]], 52, Canadian [[fiddle]]r and composer
*[[July 6]] - [[Bobby Durham (Jazz musician)|Bobby Durham]], 71, American jazz drummer
*[[July 7]] - [[Hugh Mendl]], 88, British [[record producer]]
*[[July 13]] - [[Gerald Wiggins]], 86, American jazz pianist
*[[July 16]] - [[Jo Stafford]], 90, American singer
*[[July 18]] - [[Tauno Marttinen]], 95, Finnish composer
*[[July 18]] - [[Dennis Townhill]], 83, British organist and composer
*[[July 20]] - [[Artie Traum]], 65, American [[Folk music|folk]] musician and composer
*[[July 22]] - [[Joe Beck]], 62, American jazz guitarist
*[[July 24]] - [[Norman Dello Joio]], 95, American composer
*[[July 25]] - [[Hiram Bullock]], 52, American [[jazz fusion]] guitarist
*[[July 25]] - [[Johnny Griffin]], 80, American jazz saxophonist
*[[July 27]] - [[Horst Stein]], 80, German conductor
*[[July 28]] - [[Wendo Kolosoy]], 83, Congolese [[rumba]] musician
*[[July 31]] - [[Lee Young]], 94, American jazz drummer and singer


==External links==
===August===
*[[August 3]] - [[Erik Darling]], 74, American [[Folk music|folk]] musician
*[http://www.entryboot.com/types-ram-random-access-memory.php Types of RAM and Memory Management]
*[[August 3]] - [[Louis Teicher]], 83, [[United States|American]] pianist
* [http://www.howstuffworks.com/ram.htm How RAM Works] &ndash; Article by Jeff Tyson and Dave Coustan
*[[August 4]] - [[Nicola Rescigno]], 92, [[Italian American]] [[conductor]]
* [http://home.pacbell.net/dbk4297/memory_what_kind.html What kind of RAM] &ndash; Pictures and descriptions of RAM from Darrell's computer help and information site.
*[[August 5]] - [[Robert Hazard]], 59, American songwriter
*[[August 5]] - [[Reg Lindsay]], 79, [[Australia]]n [[country music]] singer
*[[August 10]] - [[Isaac Hayes]], 65, [[United States|American]] [[rhythm and blues]] musician
*[[August 10]] - [[Alexander Slobodyanik]], 66, Ukrainian pianist
*[[August 11]] - [[Don Helms]], 81, American steel guitarist
*[[August 12]] - [[Donald Erb]], 81, American composer
*[[August 14]] - [[Lita Roza]], 82, British singer
*[[August 15]] - [[Jerry Wexler]], 91, American producer
*[[August 16]] - [[Dorival Caymmi]], 94, Brazilian singer-songwriter
*[[August 16]] - [[Ronnie Drew]], 73, Irish folk musician ([[The Dubliners]])
*[[August 16]] - [[Johnny Moore (trumpeter)|Johnny Moore]], 70, Jamaican trumpeter ([[The Skatalites]])
*[[August 18]] - [[Pervis Jackson]], 70, American R&B singer ([[The Spinners (U.S. band)|The Spinners]])
*[[August 19]] - [[LeRoi Moore]], 46, American saxophonist ([[Dave Matthews Band]])
*[[August 20]] - [[Phil Guy]], 68, American blues guitarist
*[[August 21]] - [[Jerry Finn]], 39, American record producer, brain haemorrhage
*[[August 21]] - [[Buddy Harman]], 79, American session drummer
*[[August 25]] - [[Pehr Henrik Nordgren]], 64, Finnish composer
*[[August 31]] - [[Jerry Reed]], 71, American country musician


===September===
[[Category:Computer memory]]
*[[September 2]] - [[Arne Domnérus]], 83, Swedish jazz saxophonist
*[[September 7]] - Christian Dudek, 42, German drummer of ([[Sodom (band)|Sodom]])
*[[September 7]] - [[Peter Glossop]], 80, British opera singer
*[[September 8]] - [[Hector Zazou]], 60, French composer and producer
*[[September 8]] - Jason Stuart, 39, Keyboardist ([[Hawkwind]])
*[[September 9]] - [[Bheki Mseleku]], 53, South African jazz musician
*[[September 10]] - [[Vernon Handley]], 77, British conductor
*[[September 12]] - [[Marjorie Thomas]], 85, British contralto
*[[September 12]] - [[Charlie Walker (musician)|Charlie Walker]], 81, American country musician
*[[September 15]] - [[Richard Wright (musician)|Richard Wright]], 65, British keyboardist ([[Pink Floyd]])
*[[September 16]]:
** [[Norman Whitfield]], 68, American songwriter and producer
** [[Andrei Volkonsky]], 75, Russian (emigré/defector) composer, conductor and harpischordist
*[[September 18]] - Opal Courtney Jr, 71, American R&B doo-wop singer ([[The Spaniels]])
*[[September 18]] - [[Mauricio Kagel]], 76, Argentine composer
*[[September 19]] - [[Earl Palmer]], 84, American drummer, member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
*[[September 19]] - [[Dick Sudhalter]], 70, American jazz trumpeter and critic
*[[September 20]] - [[Nappy Brown]], 78, American blues singer
*[[September 22]] - [[Connie Haines]], 87, American singer
*[[September 24]] - [[Vice Vukov]], 72, Croatian singer
*[[September 25]] - [[Horaţiu Rădulescu]], 66, Romanian composer
*[[September 26]] - [[Bernadette Greevy]], 68, Irish mezzo-soprano


===October===
[[af:Ewetoeganklike geheue]]
*[[October 1]] - [[Nick Reynolds]], 75, American folk musician
[[ar:ذاكرة الوصول العشوائي]]
*[[October 3]] - [[Johnny "J"]], 39, American multi-platinum songwriter, music producer & rapper
[[bn:র‌্যান্ডম অ্যাক্সেস মেমোরি]]
*[[October 4]] - [[Levi Kereama]], 27, Australian musician
[[bs:RAM]]
*[[October 4]] - [[Alfred Gallodoro]], 95, American Jazz musician
[[br:Memor bresk]]

[[bg:Памет с произволен достъп]]
==See also==
[[ca:RAM]]
* [[2008 in British music]]
[[cs:RAM]]
* [[2008 in heavy metal music]]
[[da:RAM]]
[[de:Random Access Memory]]
* [[2008 in hip hop]]
* [[List of albums released in 2008]]
[[et:Muutmälu]]
* [[Timeline of musical events]]
[[el:Μνήμη τυχαίας προσπέλασης]]

[[es:Memoria de acceso aleatorio]]
==References==
[[eo:Ĉefmemoro]]
{{reflist|2}}
[[eu:RAM]]

[[fa:حافظه دسترسی تصادفی]]
[[Category:2008 in music| ]]
[[fr:Mémoire vive]]

[[fy:Wurkûnthâld]]
[[fur:RAM]]
[[cs:2008 v hudbě]]
[[ga:Cuimhne randamrochtana]]
[[et:2008. aasta muusikas]]
[[el:Μουσικά γεγονότα του 2008]]
[[gl:Memoria de acceso aleatorio]]
[[ko:램]]
[[fr:2008 en musique]]
[[ka:2008 წელი მუსიკაში]]
[[hr:RAM]]
[[id:RAM]]
[[ja:2008年の音楽]]
[[is:RAM]]
[[pl:2008 w muzyce]]
[[it:RAM]]
[[pt:2008 na música]]
[[ru:2008 год в музыке]]
[[he:זיכרון גישה אקראית]]
[[sq:2008 në muzikë]]
[[ka:ოპერატიული მეხსიერება]]
[[sv:Musikåret 2008]]
[[kk:Жедел Жадтау Құрылғысы]]
[[sw:RAM]]
[[zh:2008年音樂]]
[[la:RAM]]
[[lv:Brīvpiekļuves atmiņa]]
[[lmo:RAM]]
[[hu:Véletlen elérésű memória]]
[[ml:റാന്‍ഡം ആക്സസ് മെമ്മറി]]
[[ms:Ingatan capaian rawak]]
[[nl:Random Access Memory]]
[[ja:Random Access Memory]]
[[no:RAM]]
[[nn:Random Access Memory]]
[[pl:Pamięć o dostępie swobodnym]]
[[pt:Memória de acesso aleatório]]
[[ro:Memorie cu acces aleator]]
[[ru:Запоминающее устройство с произвольным доступом]]
[[sq:RAM]]
[[simple:Random access memory]]
[[sk:Pamäť s priamym prístupom]]
[[sl:Bralno-pisalni pomnilnik]]
[[sr:RAM]]
[[sh:RAM]]
[[fi:Keskusmuisti]]
[[sv:Random Access Memory]]
[[ta:நினைவகம் (கணினியியல்)]]
[[th:แรม]]
[[vi:RAM]]
[[tg:Хотираи дастраси аҳёнӣ]]
[[tr:RAM]]
[[uk:Оперативна пам'ять]]
[[ur:تصادفی رسائی یادداشتہ]]
[[yi:RAM זיכרון]]
[[zh-yue:RAM]]
[[zh:随机存取存储器]]

Revision as of 13:39, 11 October 2008

This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2008.

List of years in music (table)
+...

Events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

Bands formed

Bands reformed

Returning Performers

Bands disbanded

Bands on hiatus


Top selling singles in the world

These were the top selling singles in 2008 as of the week of October 11-18, 2008 (Week 42), according to United World Chart.[44]

Position Single title Artist name Points cum. Peak (2008)
1 "Bleeding Love" Leona Lewis 9,468,000 1
2 "4 Minutes" Madonna featuring Justin Timberlake and Timbaland 7,623,000 1
3 "Apologize" Timbaland presents OneRepublic 7,062,000 1
4 "Mercy" Duffy 6,192,000 3
5 "Low" Flo Rida featuring T-Pain 6,010,000 3
6 "Don't Stop the Music" Rihanna 5,853,000 1
7 "Love Song" Sara Bareilles 5,593,000 7
8 "Viva La Vida" Coldplay 5,474,000 1
9 "I Kissed A Girl" Katy Perry 5,270,000 1
10 "No Air" Jordin Sparks feat. Chris Brown 5,193,000 7

Best selling albums in the world

The best sold records in 2008 according to UWC as of the week of October 11-18, 2008 (Week 42). Some records were released in 2006 and 2007, their total sales are behind their sales in 2008 (plus the estimated +7.5% that UWC doesn't cover). All album sales information is from the United World Chart.[45]

Position Album Title Artist Sales Total Sales Highest Position in 2008 Position Change from Last Week
1 Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends Coldplay 5,441,000 5,441,000 1 –
2 Back to Black Amy Winehouse 5,144,000 11,100,000 1 –
3 Rockferry Duffy 3,556,000 3,556,000 2 –
4 Spirit Leona Lewis 3,460,000 4,642,000 1 –
5 Hard Candy Madonna 2,975,000 2,975,000 1 –
6 Good Girl Gone Bad Rihanna 2,925,000 5,920,000 1 –
7 Tha Carter III Lil Wayne 2,774,000 2,774,000 1 Increase1
8 As I Am Alicia Keys 2,750,000 6,058,000 1 Decrease1
9 Mamma Mia! The Movie Soundtrack Mamma Mia! (cast) 2,560,000 2,560,000 1 –
10 Sleep Through the Static Jack Johnson 2,248,000 2,248,000 1 –

Deaths


January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

See also

References

  1. ^ a b unattributed (2008-01-29). "We're back!……….sort of". FaceToFace.com. Retrieved 2008-02-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ NZPA (29 September 2007). "Rage Against The Machine to play Big Day Out". The New Zealand Herald/APN Holdings NZ Limited. Retrieved 2008-05-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ Official Grammy site
  4. ^ "Scars On Broadway Is No Side Project". MTV.com. 2008-02-19. Retrieved 2008-02-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ "Festival de la Canción de Viña del Mar" (in Spanish). Festival de la Canción de Viña del Mar. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
  6. ^ Djamoos, Anton (18 October 2007). "SOUNDWAVE FESTIVAL 2008 ANNOUNCED!". Absolute Punk. Retrieved 2008-05-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ "Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival 2008". Java Festival Production. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-19.
  8. ^ "South by Southwest Conference and Festivals". South by Southwest, Inc. Retrieved 2008-05-19.
  9. ^ unattributed (12 March 2008). "Lyttelton to leave radio show". Jazzwise Magazine. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
  10. ^ "Winter Music Conference". Winter Music Conference. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-19.
  11. ^ Sherwin, Adam (27 March 2008). "Leona Lewis turns back the clock to top US charts". Times Online. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
  12. ^ "It's Official: Velvet Revolver Parts Ways With Singer Scott Weiland". Blabbermouth.net. 2008-04-01. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Gorman, Steve (1 April 2008). "Velvet Revolver splits with rocker Scott Weiland". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
  14. ^ unattributed (21 April 2008). "Mariah Honored by the City of Los Angeles". UltraStar Entertainment LLC. Retrieved 2008-05-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ unattributed (28 April 2008). "Mariah Lights Up Empire State Building". UltraStar Entertainment LLC. Retrieved 2008-05-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ unattributed (5 May 2008). "Material Girls Aloud". metro.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
  17. ^ (unattributed) (16 May 2007). "It may not have a name, but it certainly has a purpose". NME/IPC Media. Retrieved 2008-05-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ (unattributed) ((undated)). "Eurovision Song Contest coverage across the BBC". BBC. Retrieved 2008-05-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ unattributed (23 May 2008). "Public Information Notice for Celine Dion and Westlife Concerts". MCD. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
  20. ^ "Rancid compile music videos on new DVD, announce tour dates". Punknews.org. April 1, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ "My Bloody Valentine at Roundhouse, NW1". Times Online. 24 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ "Wii Preview: Guitar Hero: Aerosmith". Neal Ronaghan. Nintendo World Report. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  23. ^ unattributed (2008). "O2 Wireless Festival". Live Nation (Music) UK Limited. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
  24. ^ unattributed (2008). "ABOUT THE SHOW". MTV Networks. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  25. ^ unattributed (4 March 2008). "KORN Guitarist Launches FEAR AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Project". blabbermouth.net. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  26. ^ unattributed (undated). "Girlicious". MTV Networks. Retrieved 2008-09-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ Hellhammer_x09 (1 July 2008). "Interview with Rob "the Baron" Miller (Amebix)". Metalfan.ro. Retrieved 2008-09-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ http://dogsdieinhotcarsalbum2.blogspot.com/2008/04/about-project-2.html
  29. ^ unattributed (undated). "Cindy Maxine Dawn Terry The Original members of En Vogue reunite on KTLA Los Angeles TV and sing live". YouTube. Retrieved 2008-09-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ "New Kids on the Block to Reunite, new album in works". 2008-04-03. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
  31. ^ Kaufman, Gil (1 April 2008). "Gwen Stefani Says No Doubt Are In The Studio 'Every Day,' Working On Album Expected In 20". MTV Networks. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
  32. ^ "Stone Temple Pilots reveal reunion tour dates". NME. 8 April 2008. {{cite news}}: Text "accessdate-2008-09-18" ignored (help)
  33. ^ Tate, Jason (24 March 2008). "Blinded Black Break Up". AbsolutePunk, LLC. Retrieved 2008-07-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. ^ unattributed (15 February 2008). "The Chalets split". Hot Press. Retrieved 2008-07-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ Kohli, Rohan (8 April 2008). "Dead To Fall Breaks Up". AbsolutePunk, LLC. Retrieved 2008-07-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ Sargeant, Roger (3 October 2008). "Dirty Pretty Things to Split After Fall Tour". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved 2008-10-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  37. ^ "And Himsa Have Now Broken Up". decoymusic.com. 21 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-02. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  38. ^ GAFFA.dk: "Junior Senior opløst" en: "Junior Senior disbanded"
  39. ^ unattributed (13 August 2008). "¡Forward, Russia! to Split?". nme.com. Retrieved 2008-08-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ unattributed (29 January 2008). "Big Kenny On Big & Rich's Hiatus". Great American Country. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  41. ^ unattributed (1 July 2008). "Incubus To Take A Break". Ultimate-Guitar.com. Retrieved 2008-07-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ unattributed (22 May 2008). "Chili Peppers (Sort Of) Break-Up". muchmusic.com. Retrieved 2008-06-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  43. ^ Jason, Tate (5 March 2008). "The Starting Line Press Conference". AbsolutePunk, LLC. Retrieved 2008-06-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  44. ^ unattributed (2008). "United World Chart". Media Traffic. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accaessdate= ignored (help)
  45. ^ UWC Albums
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