Basic network transmitter

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Basic network transmitter Biedenkopf / bagpipe

A basic power station is in the radio technology , a transmitter that a larger area with a program of broadcasting on terrestrial channels supplied. In order to achieve this, basic network transmitters are often located in exposed locations with high antenna supports and broadcast the programs with mostly high transmission power into the environment. Areas not sufficiently reached by the basic network transmitters (mostly valleys) are covered by filler transmitters .

Germany

history

After the Second World War , the broadcasting sovereignty of the Allied Forces was assigned to the broadcasting corporations , and in West Germany they first took over the existing locations of Großdeutscher Rundfunk and German European broadcasters; such as the WDR with the station Langenberg . The expansion of the VHF supply required additional, new locations due to the reduced range.

The subsequent division goes back to the 1st broadcasting judgment of 1961, which u. a. states that the operation of broadcast transmission systems is not the responsibility of the federal states, but of the federal government (and thus of the Deutsche Bundespost ). Therefore, after 1961, the ARD broadcasting corporations were no longer allowed to build their own broadcasting systems, but had to use the Deutsche Bundespost systems, but existing ones were allowed to keep them and continue to use them. The same applied to the transmission systems of Europe 1 and AFN , whereby the allied rights of reservation also played a role here .

After some liberalization in the telecommunications sector, this division is now only due to historical reasons.

Broadcasting systems are now usually owned by the respective ARD state broadcaster ,

  • when the transmission tower in the old federal states is and
  • if the transmission tower was opened before 1961 and
  • (Analog TV only :) when Das Erste von them airs.

The following applies accordingly: Broadcasting systems are usually owned by the Deutsche Funkturm (subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom),

Since the liberalization of the broadcasting sector, the federal government has limited itself within its competence to the supervision of broadcasting operations (via the Federal Network Agency ), while broadcasting operations have now passed into private hands. The transmission systems of the Deutsche Bundespost were transferred to Deutsche Telekom , which initially incorporated it into the subsidiary T-Systems Media & Broadcast and later sold it; the now telecom-independent company operates today as Media Broadcast .

Due to the liberalization, the ARD broadcasters are now allowed to set up their own new broadcasting systems (e.g. Spiesen broadcasters or Waldenburg-Friedrichsberg broadcasters ) or to make greater use of existing ones. With the digitization of terrestrial television reception ( DVB-T ) since 2002, the broadcasting systems of the Media Broadcast and the ARD stations have been used in a colorful mix.

From January 1, 2016, this situation is to change at the will of the Federal Network Agency , which has issued a regulatory order. This means that for the first time, independent companies are also allowed to set up, operate or use media broadcast channels.

Total 1995

As of January 1, 1995, there were the following 9285 basic television channels and filler television channels for 21 different programs (1st program, 2nd program, eight 3rd programs, 11 commercial programs). The number of transmitter locations or antenna supports is significantly lower, since several programs can be broadcast on different frequencies from one location.

VHF (area I / III) UHF (area IV / V)
Basic network transmitter Filling transmitter Basic network transmitter Filling transmitter
1st program 42 1386 49 1419
2nd program - 2 101 2848
3. Programs - 3 118 3049
Private programs 9 - 259 -
total 51 1391 527 7316

Reference to the locations of basic network transmitters (selection)

Only the basic network transmitters are given here. Other transmitter locations, for example the filler transmitter and converter, are listed under the list of known transmitter systems . No distinction is made between how the individual locations are supplied with programs, for example through broadband cable or through ball reception .

Systems of the German radio tower

Systems of the SWR

Facilities of the BR

Facilities of the WDR

Systems of the NDR

16 locations (NDR designation, possibly location / municipality):

Attachments of HR

Facilities of the SR

Systems of the rbb

Germany radio systems

Other facilities

Austria

structure

Basic network and filler transmitters for broadcasting in Austria are predominantly owned by the Austrian broadcasting stations (ORS). The transmitters for private radio are either owned by the private broadcasters or Telekom Austria . The telecommunications towers for radio relay (also called radio relay nodes) are owned by Telekom Austria AG. There are also community-owned filling stations if the number of residents in an exposed location was too small for a public station.

Main broadcasting systems of the ORS

Surname Internal name Location Send type
Moosbrunn transmitter MOSSBRUNN Moosbrunn KW
Kahlenberg transmitter VIENNA1 Kahlenberg VHF , DVB-T2
Jauerling transmitter ST. POLTEN Jauerling VHF, DVB-T2
Lichtenberg transmitter LINZ1 Lichtenberg VHF, DVB-T2
Freinberg transmitter LINZ2 Freinberg DVB-T2
Schöckl transmitter GRAZ1 Schöckl VHF, DVB-T2
Gaisberg transmitter SALZBURG Gaisberg VHF, DVB-T2
Patscherkofel transmitter INNSBRUCK1 Patscherkofel VHF, DVB-T2
Sender Pfänder BREGENZ1 Pledges VHF, DVB-T2
Dobratsch transmitter KLAGENFURT1 Dobratsch VHF, DVB-T2
Himmelhof transmitter VIENNA2 Himmelhof VHF, DVB-T2

The main transmitter control, which monitors, controls and supplies all ORS GmbH transmitter systems, is located at the Vienna 1 transmitter. The Wien 1 transmitter itself is supplied via radio relay from the Vienna Arsenal radio tower . The uplink parabolic mirrors for the DVB-S supply are located at the ORF center in Vienna.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Regulatory decree for the provision of terrestrial transmission systems and VHF antennas (shared) use . ( Memento of the original from July 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ; PDF) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Bundesnetzagentur.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bundesnetzagentur.de
  2. ↑ Joachim-Felix Leonhard, Hans-Werner Ludwig , Dietrich Schwarze, Erich Strabner (eds.): Media Studies: A manual for the development of media and forms of communication . Volume 3. Walter de Gruyter, 2002, ISBN 3-11-016676-3 , p. 2204; according to a publication by the Wittsmoor measuring and receiving station of the NDR
  3. ^ KW transmitter station Moosbrunn near Vienna. Retrieved August 29, 2012 .
  4. ↑ Broadcasting station in Austria, Vienna. Retrieved August 29, 2012 .