List of foreign trips by Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier

Resumption of German-Russian relations as Federal President. Visit to Vladimir Putin in Moscow in October 2017

The list of Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier's trips abroad contains all of the official trips abroad published by the Office of the Federal President that it has carried out since taking office on March 19, 2017:

2017

date	place	Main reason
March 30	Paris ( France )	Meeting with the French President François Hollande
4. April	Strasbourg ( France )	Meeting with the President of the European Parliament Antonio Tajani and the President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker
April 7th and 8th	Athens ( Greece )	Talks with President Pavlopoulos and Prime Minister Tsipras
May 3rd and 4th	Rome ( Italy )	Meeting with President Sergio Mattarella and Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni
May 6th to 9th	Jerusalem , Tel Aviv and Herzliya ( Israel ) & Ramallah ( Palestine )	Meeting with the Israeli President Reuven Rivlin and the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as well as with the President of the Palestinian Authority Mahmoud Abbas
May 19th	Warsaw ( Poland )	Meeting with President Andrzej Duda and Prime Minister Beata Szydło
3rd of June	Brdo pri Kranju ( Slovenia )	Participation in the meeting of the heads of state of Southeast Europe ; bilateral meetings with the Slovenian President Borut Pahor , the Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović , the Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić and the Kosovar President Hashim Thaçi
June 15th and 16th	Brussels ( Belgium )	Meeting with NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg , the President of the European Council Donald Tusk and the Belgian King Philippe and Queen Mathilde
July 1	Strasbourg ( France )	Participation in a European funeral ceremony for the late former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl
July 11th and 12th	Astana ( Kazakhstan )	Meeting with President Nursultan Nazarbayev and visiting Expo 2017
July 13th	Mazar-e Sharif and Kabul ( Afghanistan )	Visit of German troops in Afghanistan as well as meeting with the Afghan President Ashraf Ghani and the Prime Minister Abdullah Abdullah
July 14th and 15th	Vienna ( Austria )	Meeting with Federal President Alexander Van der Bellen , Federal Chancellor Christian Kern  and the former Federal President Heinz Fischer
August 22nd and 23rd	Tallinn ( Estonia )	Meeting with President Kersti Kaljulaid and Prime Minister Jüri Ratas
August 23rd and 24th	Riga ( Latvia )	Meeting with President Raimonds Vējonis and Prime Minister Māris Kučinskis
August 24th and 25th	Vilnius and Rukla ( Lithuania )	Meeting with President Dalia Grybauskaitė and Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis and visit of the NATO Enhanced Forward Presence command in Rukla
12th September	Prague ( Czech Republic )	Meeting with President Miloš Zeman
September 14th and 15th	Valletta and Siġġiewi ( Malta )	Participation in the meeting of the Arraiolos group of non-executive heads of state of the European Union
September 27th	Luxembourg ( Luxembourg )	Participation in the meeting of German-speaking heads of state
October 8th and 9th	Rome ( Italy ) and Vatican City	Audience with Pope Francis , meeting with State Secretary Pietro Parolin and a visit to the Community of Sant'Egidio
October 25th and 26th	Moscow ( Russia )	Meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin and former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev as well as a visit to the Memorial Human Rights Center
November 2nd and 3rd	Singapore ( Singapore )	state visit Meeting with President Halimah Yacob and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong Speech at Singapore Management University Visit the Singapore Botanic Gardens
November 3rd to 5th	Perth and Sydney ( Australia )	state visit Meeting with the Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull in Perth Meeting with the Governor and Prime Minister of Western Australia Meeting with the Governor General of Australia, Peter Cosgrove , in Sydney Meeting with the Governor of New South Wales Visit to the Sydney Opera House Visit to the Barangaroo Reserve, attend a welcoming ceremony by representatives of the Aborigines
November 5th to 7th	Wellington and Auckland ( New Zealand )	state visit Meeting with the Governor General of New Zealand, Patsy Reddy Meeting with Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern Meeting with opposition leader Bill English Visit the National Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
November 10th	Paris , Soultz-Haut-Rhin and Wattwiller ( France )	Meeting with President Emmanuel Macron and visiting the memorial on the Hartmannswillerkopf
November 17th	Bratislava and Žilina ( Slovakia )	Meeting with President Andrej Kiska , Prime Minister Robert Fico and Parliament President Andrej Danko
November 28th	London ( United Kingdom )	Lunch with Queen Elizabeth II and Prince William, Duke of Cambridge , tour of Westminster Abbey
December 11th to 13th	Accra ( Ghana )	State visit; Meeting with President Nana Akufo-Addo , visiting the University of Ghana
December 13th and 14th	Banjul ( Gambia )	State visit; Meeting with President Adama Barrow

2018

date	place	Main reason
January 27-29	Amman and al-Azraq ( Jordan )	Meeting with the Jordanian King Abdullah II , visiting a refugee camp in al-Azraq and visiting the Muwaffaq Salti Air Base
January 29th to 31st	Beirut ( Lebanon )	Meeting with Lebanese President Michel Aoun , Prime Minister Saad Hariri and other Jordanian officials.
February 6th and 7th	Tokyo ( Japan )	Meeting with Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and Emperor Akihito
February 7-11	Seoul , Pyeongchang  and Gangneung ( South Korea )	Visit to Gyeongbokgung Meeting with President Moon Jae-in Meeting with the Mayor of Seoul City, Park Won-soon Visit of the opening ceremony of the XXIII. Olympic Winter Games Meeting with German athletes and visiting competitions of the Olympic Winter Games in the Alpensia Resort Meeting with the President of the International Olympic Committee Thomas Bach and the President of the International Paralympic Committee Andrew Parsons
February 16	Vilnius ( Lithuania )	Participation in the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the restoration of the Lithuanian state
March 1st and 2nd	Lisbon and Porto ( Portugal )	Meeting with President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa and Prime Minister António Costa Meeting with the President of the Portuguese Parliament Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues Visit to the Mosteiro dos Jerónimos Visit of the University of Porto and the Franciscan Church
March 21-26	Varanasi , New Delhi , Chennai and Mamallapuram ( India )	state visit Visit to the Archaeological Museum of Sarnath Participation in an Aarti ceremony on the Ganges Speech at the University of Delhi Meeting with President Ram Nath Kovind , Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj Visit to a Daimler plant in Chennai Visit to the Indian Institute of Technology Madras Visit to the temple area of ​​Mahabalipuram
April 25th and 26th	Kehrsatz , Bern , Friborg and Kilchberg ZH ( Switzerland )	state visit Meeting with Federal President Alain Berset Meeting with the entire Federal Council Speech at the University of Freiburg Visit the St. Nicholas Cathedral Flight over the Aletsch Glacier Visit to the grave of the Mann family
May 15th and 16th	Amsterdam and Delft ( Netherlands )	Meeting with King Willem-Alexander Meeting with Prime Minister Mark Rutte Visit to the Technical University of Delft Visit of the A'DAM tower , the former NDSM shipyard and the Rijksmuseum
May 29th and 30th	Kiev and Lviv ( Ukraine )	Visit to the Tomb of Eternal Glory, the NGO network, the Pototsky Palace, a Ukrainian school and the Ivan Franko University of Lviv . Meeting with President Petro Poroshenko , Prime Minister Volodymyr Hroysman and the artist Serhiy Zhadan . Speech at the Kiev Mohyla Academy . Visit to St. Sophia Cathedral and Lviv Old Town. Conversation with the Jewish community at the Goldene Rosen Synagogue .
June 5th and 6th	Warsaw ( Poland )	Meeting with President Andrzej Duda Participation in a conference to mark the 100th anniversary of Poland's regaining independence Visit to the Museum of the History of Polish Jews Wreath-laying ceremony at the Warsaw Ghetto Memorial
June 17th to 21st	Los Angeles , Stanford and San Francisco ( United States )	Meet with Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti , California Governor Jerry Brown and former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Visited the Getty Research Institute and Stanford University Visit the Golden Gate Bridge
June 29th	Minsk ( Belarus )	Participation in the opening of the memorial for the victims of the former Maly Trostinez extermination camp and meeting with President Aljaksandr Lukashenka
September 5th and 6th	Sils Maria and Riom-Parsonz ( Switzerland )	Participation in the meeting of the German-speaking heads of state from Belgium ( King Philippe ), Germany, Liechtenstein ( Hereditary Prince Alois of Liechtenstein ), Luxembourg ( Grand Duke Henri ), Austria ( Alexander Van der Bellen ) and Switzerland ( Alain Berset )
September 13th and 14th	Riga and Rundāle ( Latvia )	Participation in the meeting of the Arraiolos group of non-executive heads of state of the European Union
September 17th to 19th	Helsinki and Oulu ( Finland )	state visit Meeting with President Sauli Niinistö Meeting with Prime Minister Juha Sipilä Visit to the fortress island of Suomenlinna
9th October	Vienna ( Austria )	Conversation with the Austrian Federal President Alexander Van der Bellen and the Slovak President Andrej Kiska
October 10th to 12th	Athens , Chaidari and Kalamata ( Greece )	state visit Meeting with President Prokopis Pavlopoulos Meeting with Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras Meeting with opposition leader Kyriakos Mitsotakis Awarded an honorary doctorate by the Law Faculty of the University of Athens Visit to the Chaidari Concentration Camp Memorial Visit to the archaeological sites of Ancient Messini Meeting with start-up entrepreneurs in Kalamata
October 24th and 25th	Madrid , Badajoz and Mérida ( Spain )	Official visit Meeting with King Felipe VI. , Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez and Parliament President Ana Pastor Julián Meeting with the President of the Government of the Extremadura Province, Guillermo Fernández Vara Visit to a technology park near Badajoz Attended a hotel management school in Mérida
November 4th	Strasbourg ( France )	Participation in a commemorative concert for the end of the First World War 100 years ago in Strasbourg Cathedral and meeting with President Emmanuel Macron
November 11th	London ( United Kingdom )	Attended a memorial ceremony marking the end of World War I 100 years ago at the National Monument and a memorial service at Westminster Abbey
November 18-21	Cape Town and Johannesburg ( South Africa )	state visit Meeting with President Cyril Ramaphosa Meeting with opposition leader Mmusi Maimane Visit to the Ponte Tower and the Apartheid Museum Visit to the Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa and the Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden
November 21 and 22	Gaborone ( Botswana )	state visit Meeting with President Mokgweetsi Masisi Meeting with the Secretary General of the Southern African Development Community , Stergomena Tax
December 4th to 10th	Guangzhou , Zhongshan , Chengdu , Dujiangyan and Beijing ( People's Republic of China )	state visit Meeting with President Xi Jinping Meeting with Prime Minister Li Keqiang Visit to the Canton Tower and the Canton Opera Museum; Boat trip on the Pearl River Speech at Sichuan University Visit to the Dujiangyan irrigation system and the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding Visit the Forbidden City Visit to Xu Bing's studio

2019

date	place	Main reason
January 23	Schaan ( Liechtenstein )	Participation in the ceremony " 300 Years of the Principality of Liechtenstein "
January 27th to 30th	Addis Ababa and Lalibela ( Ethiopia )	state visit Meeting with President Sahle-Work Zewde Meeting with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Visit of the rock churches of Lalibela Meeting with the President of the African Union , Moussa Faki
February 11-13	Cartagena , Isla Grande and Bogotá ( Colombia )	Visit of the nature reserve on the Islas del Rosario Meeting with representatives of the Kogi indigenous community Meeting with President Iván Duque Meeting with Venezuelan refugees in a camp
February 13-16	Quito , Baltra and Guayaquil ( Ecuador )	Meeting with President Lenín Moreno Speech at the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador Visit to the Antisana volcano and other places where Alexander von Humboldt worked Visit to the Charles Darwin Foundation in the Galapagos Islands
March 20-22	Zagreb and Split ( Croatia )	Meeting with President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović Meeting with Parliament President Gordan Jandroković Laying of the wreath in the Mirogoj cemetery Visit to the Eurocampus Zagreb Visit to the Rimac Automobili company Meeting with the Split-Dalmatia County Council and the Mayor of Split , Andro Krstulović Opara Visit to the shelter for the homeless of the MoST organization Meeting with representatives of the Pokret Otoka organization
April 4th to 5th	Sofia and Plovdiv ( Bulgaria )	Meeting with President Rumen Radew Meeting with Prime Minister Boyko Borisov Meeting with the President of the People's Assembly, Tsetska Karajancheva Meeting with the mayor of the city of Plovdiv Ivan Totev Visit to the Batschkowo Monastery
May 9-10	Ljubljana and Kobarid ( Slovenia )	Meeting with President Borut Pahor Meeting with Prime Minister Marjan Šarec Meeting with the President of the State Assembly, Dejan Židan Participation in a panel discussion with students from the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Ljubljana on the future of Europe
May 27-29	Tashkent , Urganch and Xiva ( Uzbekistan )	Meeting with President Shavkat Mirziyoyev Visit to the Bakan Tex yarn spinning mill Visit to the Goethe-Institut Uzbekistan Conversation with students at Urganch University Tour through the old town of Khiva
3rd to 4th June	Linz ( Austria )	Participation in the meeting of German-speaking heads of state
June 5th	Ljubljana ( Slovenia )	Participation in the summit of the Three Seas Initiative
June 12-14	Reykjavík and the Vestmannaeyjar ( Iceland )	state visit Conversation with President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson Visit of Ólafur Elíasson's studio Conversation with Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir Interview with the President of Parliament Steingrímur J. Sigfússon Visit to the Sólheimajökull glacier Visit of the fishing company VSV Visit to the Eldfell volcano and the Eldheimar volcanic eruption museum
June 15-16	Kultaranta ( Finland )	Meeting with President Sauli Niinistö Address to open the Kultaranta talks
August 25	Fivizzano ( Italy )	Meeting with President Sergio Mattarella Memory of the victims of the Fivizzano massacre
August 31st and September 1st	Łódź , Wieluń and Warsaw ( Poland )	Meeting with President Andrzej Duda Address at the commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Second World War in the city of Wieluń Visit to historical places in Wieluń to commemorate the bombing of September 1st, 1939 with the laying of wreaths and a visit to the local museum Speech at the commemoration of the Republic of Poland and attendance of the concert on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Second World War and the laying of wreaths by the heads of state at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier
September 19th and 20th	Rome and Naples ( Italy )	state visit Bilateral meetings with President Sergio Mattarella and Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte as well as with the President of the Italian Senate Maria Casellati and the President of the Chamber of Deputies Roberto Fico Discussion with Italian cultural workers in the Bibliotheca Hertziana Walk through the old town of Naples, visit the Basilica Santa Maria della Sanità , reception at Villa Rosebery
30. September	Paris ( France )	Participation in the funeral service for the former French President Jacques Chirac
October 6th to 8th	Tbilisi and Telavi ( Georgia )	Bilateral meetings with President Salome Zurabishvili and Prime Minister Giorgi Gacharia as well as with the President of the Georgian Parliament Arschil Talakwadze Meeting with Ilia II , Patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church Walk through the old town of Tbilisi Visit to the Alaverdi monastery and the palace of Erekle II. Discussion with German representatives of the EUMM mission on the administrative border with South Ossetia
October 10th to 12th	Athens ( Greece )	Participation in the meeting of the Arraiolos group of non-executive heads of state of the European Union
October 20-23	Tokyo ( Japan )	Participation in the accession ceremony of Emperor Naruhito and Empress Masako of Japan Conversation with Foreign Minister a. D. Fumio Kishida and the Prime Minister of Japan, Shinzō Abe
October 30th to November 1st	Boston ( United States )	Visit to the Gropius House Conversation with the Governor of Massachusetts , Charlie Baker Participated in a round table discussion at Harvard Law School
December 16	Bastogne ( Belgium )	Address at the commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the start of the Battle of the Bulge

2020

date	place	Main reason
January 22nd and 23rd	Tel Aviv and Jerusalem ( Israel )	Conversation with President Reuven Rivlin Speech at the 5th World Holocaust Forum Remembering the Holocaust: Fighting Antisemitism at the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial
January 27th	Oświęcim ( Poland )	Visit to Auschwitz concentration camp Walk through the former main camp I. Laying of wreaths on the death wall Visit to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp Participation in the commemorative event for the 75th anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp Walk of the representatives of the survivors and the heads of state to the international memorial for the victims of the concentration camp and joint installation of grave lights at the memorial
February 23-26	Nairobi and Kakuma ( Kenya )	state visit Conversation with President Uhuru Kenyatta Wreath-laying at the mausoleum of Jomo Kenyatta Visit to the UN-HABITAT headquarters Visit the Sheldrick Wildlife Trust elephant orphanage Visit to the Kakuma refugee camp and talk to the governor of Turkana County
February 27th and 28th	Khartoum ( Sudan )	Talks with the chairman of the “Sovereign Council”, Abdel Fattah Burhan , and with Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok Visit to the National Museum of Sudan Visit to the protest site of the Radiology Faculty at the Sudan University of Science and Technology

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Florian Gathmann: Steinmeier speaks to the French in conscience. In: Spiegel Online. March 30, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018 . 
2. ^ Federal President Steinmeier travels to Athens. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, March 29, 2017, accessed on September 21, 2018 . 
3. ^ Federal President Steinmeier travels to Israel and the Palestinian Territories. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, April 19, 2017, accessed on September 21, 2018 . 
4. ^ Berthold Kohler: Blood Brothers. In: FAZ. November 10, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018 . 
5. ^ Official visit to Ukraine. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on September 21, 2018 . 
6. ^ Trip to Poland. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on September 21, 2018 . 
7. ^ Trip to Los Angeles and San Francisco. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on September 21, 2018 . 
8. ↑ The sixth meeting of the heads of state of the German-speaking countries will take place this year on September 5th and 6th in Switzerland. In: admin.ch. The Federal Council, August 10, 2018, accessed on September 21, 2018 . 
9. ^ Meeting of the German-speaking heads of state. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, September 5, 2018, accessed on September 21, 2018 . 
10. ^ Arraiolos meeting in Latvia. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, September 13, 2018, accessed on September 21, 2018 . 
11. ^ Trip to Finland. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, September 13, 2018, accessed on September 21, 2018 . 
12. ↑ Stefan Braun: Finland has what Germany needs. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. 2018, accessed September 21, 2018 . 
13. ^ Visit to the Republic of Austria. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on October 7, 2018 . 
14. ^ State visit to the Hellenic Republic. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, October 10, 2018, accessed on October 7, 2018 . 
15. ↑ Steinmeier's speech at the award ceremony (full text)
16. ↑ derwesten.de October 11, 2018: Steinmeier commemorates Nazi victims on a state visit to Athens
17. ^ Official visit to the Kingdom of Spain. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on October 22, 2018 . 
18. ^ Trip to Strasbourg: Memorial concert at the end of the First World War 100 years ago. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on October 27, 2018 . 
19. ^ Commemorative events on the occasion of 100 years at the end of the First World War. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on November 2, 2018 . 
20. ↑ telegraph.co.uk: Prince Charles leads nation's tributes to war dead at the Cenotaph as the world marks First World War centenary
21. ^ State visit to the Republic of South Africa. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on November 17, 2018 . 
22. ^ State visit to the Republic of Botswana. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on November 17, 2018 . 
23. ^ State visit to the People's Republic of China. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on November 29, 2018 . 
24. ^ State visit to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on February 3, 2019 . 
25. ^ Trip to the Republic of Colombia. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on February 12, 2019 . 
26. ^ Trip to the Republic of Ecuador. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on February 17, 2019 . 
27. ^ Official visit to Croatia. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, March 20, 2019, accessed on March 26, 2019 . 
28. ^ Trip to Bulgaria. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on April 18, 2019 . 
29. ^ Trip to Slovenia. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on May 22, 2019 . 
30. ^ Trip to Uzbekistan. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on June 5, 2019 . 
31. ^ German-speaking heads of state in Linz. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on June 5, 2019 . 
32. ^ Participation in the dinner of the summit meeting of the Three Seas Initiative. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on June 5, 2019 . 
33. ^ State visit to Iceland. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on June 14, 2019 . 
34. ^ Trip to Finland. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on June 17, 2019 . 
35. ↑ Journey to the Italian Republic in memory of the victims of the Fivizzano massacre. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on August 27, 2019 . 
36. ^ Journey to the Republic of Poland. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on September 3, 2019 . 
37. ^ State visit to the Italian Republic. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on October 4, 2019 . 
38. ↑ Participation in the funeral service for Jacques Chirac. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on September 3, 2019 . 
39. ^ Official visit to Georgia. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on October 16, 2019 . 
40. ^ Arraiolos meeting in Greece. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, October 10, 2019, accessed on October 16, 2019 . 
41. ↑ Journey to Japan to see the emperor ascend to the throne. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on November 19, 2019 . 
42. ^ Journey to the United States of America. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on November 19, 2019 . 
43. ↑ Address at the commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the start of the Battle of the Bulge. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on December 20, 2019 . 
44. ↑ Journey to Israel. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on January 26, 2020 . 
45. ^ Commemorative event in Auschwitz. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on January 30, 2020 . 
46. ^ State visit to the Republic of Kenya. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on March 5, 2020 . 
47. ^ Journey to the Republic of Sudan. In: bundespraesident.de. Office of the Federal President, accessed on February 6, 2020 .