Netherlands at the Eurovision Song Contest

Balance sheet

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Broadcasting company

First participation

1956

Number of participations

60 (as of 2019)

Highest ranking

1 ( 1957 , 1959 , 1969 , 1975 , 2019 )

Highest Score

498 ( 2019 )

Lowest Score

0 ( 1962 , 1963 )

Points average (since first post)

61.00 (as of 2019)

Average points per voting country in the 12-point system

2.18 (as of 2019)

This article deals with the history of the Netherlands as a participant in the Eurovision Song Contest .

Regularity of participation and successes in competition

Corry Brokken, first winner for the Netherlands, 1957 in Hilversum

Anouk, who brought the Netherlands to the final for the first time in nine years, in 2013 in Malmö

Duncan Laurence took the Netherlands' first win in 44 years in 2019

The Netherlands took part in the first ESC back in 1956. With the exception of the winner, the results of the year were never announced. In 1957 the Netherlands was immediately successful and was able to win the ESC with Corry Brokken, who had already participated in 1956. The following year she took part again, but this time only came in last with Luxembourg. In the following year, the Netherlands were able to take their second victory with Teddy Scholten and Een beetje . After these initially very successful years, the next few years were less successful.

From 1960 to 1968 the country only achieved placements in the below-average range. During this period, the Netherlands even came in last three times. 1962 and 1963 even with zero points, but the country shared these places with three other countries. The last place in 1968 was also a shared last place. Together with Finland, both got just one point. In 1969 the country was very successful again. Lenny Kuhr won with her song De troubadour . However, this victory was again a shared victory. Finally, France, Spain and the United Kingdom also won in 1969. The 1970s were much more successful for the Netherlands than the 1960s. From 1970 to 1976, with the exception of 1973, the Netherlands only achieved places in the top ten. In 1974 Mouth & MacNeal even took third place, while in 1975 the Teach-In group won the entire competition for the fourth time for the Netherlands. From 1977 to 1979 there were more average placements again.

The rankings fluctuated from 1980 to 1984. In 1980, 1981 and 1983 the Netherlands again achieved two places in the top ten, while in 1982 only 16th place out of 18 participants was achieved. While the country refrained from participating in 1985, when the Netherlands returned in 1986, they only achieved an average place with 13th place. But the rankings continued to fluctuate from here on. In 1987 and 1988 a placement among the top ten was achieved again, but in 1989 and 1990 only 15th place was achieved again. In 1991, the country voluntarily suspended for the second time. From 1992 the fluctuating trend continued. In 1992 and 1993 two places among the top ten were again achieved, while in 1994 the third from last place was only achieved with 23rd place. Because of this placement, the country was then not allowed to participate in 1995. But even after returning in 1996, the placements fluctuated again. In 1996, 1998 and 1999 there were again placements among the top ten, while in 1997 with 22nd place only one place was booked in the lower half of the table.

From 2000 onwards there were no more fluctuating placements. In 2000 and 2001 only average placements were achieved with 13th and 18th place, so that the country was again not allowed to participate in 2003. In 2003 when we returned there was only an average place with 13th place. In 2004, when the semi-finals were introduced, the Netherlands were able to qualify for the final, but only achieved 20th place here. From 2005, the low point in the history of the Netherlands at the ESC followed. From 2005 to 2012, the country always participated, but could never reach the final. In addition, the Netherlands always missed the final quite clearly. In 2011, the country was even completely last in the competition and in the semifinals.

From 2013 the Netherlands became much more successful again. In 2013, when the preliminary round was abolished and Anouk was selected internally, the Netherlands reached the final of the Eurovision Song Contest for the first time in nine years. Here, too, the best placement since 1999 was achieved with 9th place in the final. In 2014, when the Common Linnets were again selected internally, the Netherlands were able to qualify for the final again and even win the semifinals. In the final, second place was the best result since 1975. In addition, the Netherlands got their highest score in the competition with 238 points. While 2015 missed a final for the first time since 2012, the country took eleventh place in 2016 and 2017. In 2018, with 18th place, only an average place was taken. In 2019, the country was able to achieve its first victory in 44 years. After Duncan Laurence was able to win the semifinals, he won the final. It was the Netherlands' fifth win in the competition. With 498 points, the singer also got a new high score for the country in the competition.

In total, 24 of the 60 entries ended up in the left half of the table. In addition, the country has finished last five times so far. In addition, the country missed the final nine times, making it one of the countries that most often failed to qualify for the final. Only Macedonia and Slovenia with ten missed finals each and Switzerland with eleven missed finals failed more often in the semifinals. On the other hand, the country has won the competition five times so far, making it one of the average successful countries in the competition.

List of posts

Color legend: - 1st place. - 2nd place. - 3rd place. - Equal points with last place. - Eliminated in the semifinals / in the qualification / in the Eastern European preliminary decision. - no participation / not qualified. - Cancellation of the Eurovision Song Contest.      

year	Interpreter	Title Music (M) and Text (T)	language	translation	final		Semi-final / qualification		National preliminary decision
					space	Points	space	Points
1956	Corry Brokken	Voorgoed voorbij M / T: Jelle de Vries	Dutch	Forever over	k. A. / 14	k. A.	Direct participation		National Song Festival 1956
	Jetty Paerl	De vogels van Holland M: Cor Lemaire; T: Annie MG Schmidt	Dutch	The birds of Holland	k. A. / 14	k. A.
1957	Corry Brokken	Net as toen M: Guus Jansen; T: Willy van Hemert	Dutch	Just like back then	1  /10	31			National Song Festival 1957
1958	Corry Brokken	Heel de wereld M / T: Benny Vreden	Dutch	The whole world	9/10	1			National Song Festival 1958
1959	Teddy Scholten	Een beetje M: Dick Schallies; T: Willy van Hemert	Dutch	A little bit	1  /11	21st			National Song Festival 1959
1960	Rudi Carrell	Wat een geluk M: Dick Schallies; T: Willy van Hemert	Dutch	How fortunate	12/13	2			National Song Festival 1960
1961	Greetje Kauffeld	Wat een dag M: Dick Schallies; T: Pieter Goemans	Dutch	What a day	10/16	6th			internal selection
1962	De Spelbrekers	Katinka M: Joop Stokkermans; T: Henny Hamhuis, Lodewijk Post	Dutch	Katinka	13/16	0			National Song Festival 1962
1963	Annie Palms	Een speeldoos M / T: Pieter Goemans	Dutch	A music box	13/16	0			National Song Festival 1963
1964	Anneke Grönloh	Jij bent my leven M: Ted Powder; T: René de Vos	Dutch	You are my life	10/16	2			National Song Festival 1964
1965	Conny Vandenbos	't is genoeg M: Johnny Holshuyzen; T: Joke van Soest	Dutch	It is enough	11/16	5			National Song Festival 1965
1966	Milly Scott	Fernando en Filippo M: Kees de Bruyn; T: Gerrit the Braber	Dutch	Fernando and Filippo	15/18	2			National Song Festival 1966
1967	Thérèse Steinmetz	Ring-dinge-ding M: Johnny Holshuyzen; T: Gerrit the Braber	Dutch	Ring-thing-thing	14/17	2			National Song Festival 1967
1968	Ronnie Tober	Tomorrow M: Johnny Holshuyzen; T: Gerrit the Braber	Dutch	tomorrow	16/17	1			National Song Festival 1968
1969	Lenny Kuhr	De troubadour M: David Hartsema; T: Lenny Kuhr	Dutch	The troubadour	1  /16	18th			National Song Festival 1969
1970	Hearts of Soul	Waterman M / T: Pieter Goemans	Dutch	Aquarius	7/12	7th			National Song Festival 1970
1971	Saskia & Serge	Tijd M: Joop Stokkermans; T: Gerrit the Braber	Dutch	time	6/18	85			National Song Festival 1971
1972	Sandra & Andres	As' t om deliede gaat M: Dries Holten; T: Hans van Hemert	Dutch	When it comes to love	4/18	106			National Song Festival 1972
1973	Ben Cramer	De oude muzikant M / T: Pierre Kartner	Dutch	The old musician	14/17	69			National Song Festival 1973
1974	Mouth & MacNeal	I See a Star M: Hans van Hemert; T: Gerrit the Braber	English	I see a star	3/17	15th			National Song Festival 1974
1975	Teach-in	Ding-a-dong M: Dick Bakker; T: Eddy Ouwens, Will Luikinga	English	Thing-a-dong	1  /19	152			National Song Festival 1975
1976	Sandra Reemer	The Party's Over M / T: Hans van Hemert	English	The party is over	9/18	56			National Song Festival 1976
1977	Heddy Lester	De mallemolen M: Frank Affolter; T: Wim Hogenkamp	Dutch	The carousel	12/18	35			National Song Festival 1977
1978	Harmony	't is OK M: Eddy Ouwens; T: Toon Gispen, Dick Kooiman	Dutch	It's OK	13/20	37			National Song Festival 1978
1979	Xandra	Colorado M: Rob Bolland; T: Ferdi Bolland, Gerard Cox	Dutch	Colorado	12/19	51			National Song Festival 1979
1980	Maggie MacNeal	Amsterdam M: Frans Smit, Robert Verwey, Sjoukje Smit-van 't Spijker; T: Alex Alberts	Dutch	Amsterdam	5/19	93			internal selection
1981	Linda Williams	Het is a wonder M: Cees de Wit; T: Bart van de Laar	Dutch	It's a miracle	9/20	51			National Song Festival 1981
1982	Bill van Dijk	Jij en ik M: Dick Bakker; T: Liselore Gerritsen	Dutch	You and me	16/18	8th			National Song Festival 1982
1983	Bernadette	Sing Me a Song M: Piet Souer; T: Martin Duiser	Dutch a.	Sing me a song	7/20	66			National Song Festival 1983
1984	Maribelle	Ik hou van jou M / T: Peter van Asten, Richard Debois	Dutch	I love you	13/19	34			National Song Festival 1984
1985	No participation
1986	Frizzle Sizzle	Everything heeft a ritme M: Peter Schön, Rob Ten Bokum; T: Peter Schön	Dutch	Everything has a rhythm	13/20	40	Direct participation		National Song Festival 1986
1987	Marcha	Rechtop in de wind M / T: Peter Koelewijn	Dutch	Upright in the wind	5/22	83			National Song Festival 1987
1988	Gerard Joling	Shangri-la M / T: Peter de Wijn	Dutch	Shangri-la	9/21	70			National Song Festival 1988
1989	Justine	Blijf zoals je bent M: Jan Kisjes; T: Cees Bergman, Geertjan Hessing, Aart Mol, Erwin van Prehn, Elmer Veerhoff	Dutch	Stay the way you are	15/22	45			National Song Festival 1989
1990	Maywood	Ik wil alles met je delen M / T: Alice May	Dutch	I want to share everything with you	15/22	25th			National Song Festival 1990
1991	No participation
1992	Humphrey Campbell	Wijs me de weg M / T: Edwin Schimscheimer	Dutch	show me the way	9/23	67	Direct participation		National Song Festival 1992
1993	Ruth Jacott	Vrede M: Eric van Tijn, Jochem Fluitsma; T: Henk Westbroek	Dutch	peace	6/25	92			National Song Festival 1993
1994	Willeke Alberti	What is de zon? M: Edwin Schimscheimer; T: Coot van Doesburgh	Dutch	Where is the sun?	23/25	4th	Qualified directly for the final		National Song Festival 1994
1995	Not qualified
1996	Maxine & Franklin Brown	De first keer M: Peter van Asten; T: Piet Souer, Peter van Asten	Dutch	The first time	7/23	78	9/29	63	National Song Festival 1996
1997	Mrs. Einstein	Nobody heeft nog tijd M / T: Ed Hooijmans	Dutch	Nobody has any more time	22/25	5	Qualified directly for the final		National Song Festival 1997
1998	Edsilia	Hemel en aarde M / T: Eric van Tijn, Jochem Fluitsma	Dutch	Heaven and Earth	4/25	150			National Song Festival 1998
1999	Marlayne	One Good Reason M / T: Tjeerd van Zanen, Alan Michael	English	A good reason	8/23	71			National Song Festival 1999
2000	Linda Wagenmakers	No Goodbyes M: John O'Hare; T: Ellert Driessen	English	No "goodbye"	13/24	40			National Song Festival 2000
2001	Michelle	Out on My Own M: Dirk-Jan Vermeij, André Remkes; T: André Remkes	English	Alone outside	18/23	16			National Song Festival 2001
2002	Not qualified
2003	Esther Hart	One More Night M / T: Tjeerd van Zanen, Alan Michael	English	One more night	13/26	45	Qualified directly for the final		National Song Festival 2003
2004	Re-union	Without You M: Ed van Otterdijk; T: Angeline van Otterdijk	English	Without you	20/24	11	6/23	146	National Song Festival 2004
2005	Glennis Grace	My Impossible Dream M: Robert D. Fisher; T: Bruce Smith	English	My impossible dream	Eliminated		15/25	53	National Song Festival 2005
2006	Treble	Amanbanda M / T: Caroline Hoffman, Niña van Dijk, Djem van Dijk	Fantasy language , English	Amambanda	Eliminated		20/23	22nd	National Song Festival 2006
2007	Edsilia	On Top of the World M: Tjeerd Oosterhuis ; T: Martin Gijzemijter, Tjeerd Oosterhuis	English	At the top of the world	Eliminated		21/28	38	internal selection
2008	Hind	Your Heart Belongs to Me M: Hind Laroussi Tahiri , Tjeerd van Zanen & Bas van den Heuvel; T: Tahiri & van Zanen	English	Your heart belongs to me	Eliminated		15/19	29	internal selection
2009	De toppers	Shine M / T: Bas van den Heuvel & Ger van de Westelaken	English	Bills	Eliminated		17/19	11	National Song Festival 2009
2010	Sieneke	Ik ben ran (Sha-la-lie) M / T: Pierre Kartner	Dutch	I'm in love (Sha-la-lie)	Eliminated		14/17	29	National Song Festival 2010
2011	3JS	Never Alone M / T: Jaap Kwakman , Jan Dulles , Jaap de Witte	English	Never alone	Eliminated		19/19	13	National Song Festival 2011
2012	Joan Franka	You and Me M: Joan Franka , Jessica Hogeboom; T: Joan Franka	English	You and me	Eliminated		15/18	35	National Song Festival 2012
2013	Anouk	Birds M: Tore Johansson, Martin Gjerstad, Anouk Teeuwe ; T: Anouk Teeuwe	English	Birds	9/26	114	6/16	75	internal selection
2014	The Common Linnets	Calm After the Storm M / T: Ilse DeLange , JB Meijers, Rob Crosby, Matthew Crosby, Jake Etheridge	English	Calm after the storm	2 / 26th	238	1  /16	150	internal selection
2015	Trijntje Oosterhuis	Walk Along M: Tobias Karlsson; T: Anouk Teeuwe	English	Go along	Eliminated		14/16	33	internal selection
2016	Douwe Bob	Slow Down M: Douwe Bob Posthuma , Jan-Peter Hoekstra, Jeroen Overman, Matthijs van Duijvenbode; T: Douwe Bob Posthuma , Jan-Peter Hoekstra, Jeroen Overman	English	Slow down	11/26	153	5/18	197	internal selection
2017	O'G3NE	Lights and Shadows M: Rick Vol, Rory de Kievit; T: Rick Vol	English	Lights and shadows	11/26	150	4/18	200	internal selection
2018	Waylon	Outlaw in 'Em M / T: Waylon , Jim Beaver, Ilya Toshinskiy	English	Lawlessness in itself	18/26	121	7/18	174	internal selection
2019	Duncan Laurence	Arcade M / T: Duncan Laurence , Joel Sjöö, Wouter Hardy	English	Game Room	1  / 26th	498	1  /18	280	internal selection
2020	Jeangu Macrooy	Grow M: Jeangu Macrooy , Perquisite; T: Jeangu Macrooy	English	To grow	Cancellation due to the COVID-19 pandemic by the EBU				internal selection
2021	Jeangu Macrooy						Qualified directly for the final		internal selection

^a. with English title

National preliminary decisions

Until 2012, the Netherlands held regular preliminary rounds, mostly under the title Nationaal Songfestival . Until then, only the artist and the corresponding song were selected internally in 1961, 1980 and 2008. However, since 2013 all Dutch contributions have been selected internally. The preliminary round, which took place regularly until 2012, was carried out in many different systems:

Classic preliminary decision

In most cases, a “classic” preliminary decision took place, that is, several artists presented several titles in one evening, from which the favorite was selected at the end. The system was implemented in the years 1956 to 1958, 1962, 1968 and 1969, 1976 to 1978, 1981, 1983 to 1986, 1989, 1992 and 1998 to 2001, with slight differences: as a rule, each singer introduced a song, but especially in the early years, some performers had several songs in a preliminary round. In 2006 three artists each offered three songs to choose from. The number of songs presented varies between 4 and 13.

In 2010 the system was changed slightly. The song was produced in-house by Pierre Kartner . After that, the song was sung by five artists in five different versions. Then a four-person jury awarded one vote for the best song. The studio audience gave another vote. Since there was a tie between two artists, Pierre Kartner decided who won the preliminary round.

Preliminary decision with a singer

For some preliminary decisions, the artist or group was selected internally, who then presented several titles. This was the case in 1963 and 1964 (three titles each), 1967 (six titles), 1971 to 1974 (between three and six titles), 1987 and 1988 (six titles each), 1992 to 1994 (eight titles each), 1997 ( again six titles) and 2011 (five titles). 2007 is particularly out of the ordinary, Edisilia Rombley presented three songs, but in the end she chose her own song for Helsinki, even if a jury was at her side to advise her.

Preliminary rounds with preliminary rounds

Occasionally, semi-finals were held before the final: in 1965 five preliminary rounds with three titles each, in 1990 two semi-finals with 10 titles each and from 2003 to 2005 four each. In 1996 there were also five preliminary rounds, but they differed in that only one artist or group presented three titles in each round, of which the best qualified for the final.

Preliminary decisions with separate choices

In 1975 and 1982 the singer and song were chosen independently. Three performers each presented the same three titles from which the favorite was chosen. Then the song was presented again by all three before the Dutch representative was chosen.

Voting modes

In most years, a jury was selected for the preliminary round, which was composed differently and partly received music experts, singers or, as in 1977, only celebrities or “normal” citizens recruited. In 1978 a jury unit consisted entirely of former Dutch participants in the competition. In a few years the jury was expanded by a telephone vote, as it was done in 1959 and 1960 and in all years from 1996. 1956 to 1958 and 1971 the audience was allowed to vote alone, namely by sending in postcards.

Broadcasting company

In 2009, the previously responsible broadcasting company NOS announced that responsibility for the contributions to the ESC would be transferred to another institution within the NPO , the TROS . This merged with the broadcasting corporation AVRO to AVROTROS in 2014 , which is now also responsible for the Eurovision Song Contest.

Commercial success

The three Dutch winning titles in the 1950s and 1960s were only minor successes internationally. Only Een beetje reached 13th place in Italy in the Italian version. Ding-a-dong , the winning title from 1975, sold better in comparison, but was not a hit parade either. In contrast, Als' t om deliede gaat , number 4 at ESC in 1972, was relatively successful and reached the charts in some countries.

After 1975 there were not only further victories or top 3 placements at the ESC for Dutch titles, but also notable chart successes for many years. Only in 2013, after number 9 at the ESC, Anouk also reached number 3 in the Dutch and number 49 in the German single charts. A year later, the Common Linnets achieved second place with Calm After the Storm, not only the greatest success at the ESC for almost 40 years, but also the greatest commercial success of all Dutch ESC contributions. The title was number 1 in the charts in Belgium, number 2 in Denmark, Austria and the Netherlands itself and number 3 in Germany and Switzerland. Also in Ireland, Spain and Great Britain the leap into the top 10 succeeded, in other countries the placement in the charts.

languages

In the years with no language regulation, the Netherlands usually had their contributions sung in English, exceptions are De oude muzikant 1973 and Ik ben ran (Sha-La-Lie) 2010. 1983 was the title line of Sing Me a Song as well as several others Words in the text in English , but the scope was still within the limit approved by the EBU. In 2006 the refrain was performed by Amambanda in an imaginary language. Many of the contributions sung in Dutch at the competition have also been published in English, including all the songs since 1968. Many other contributions were also recorded in German, some in Italian , Spanish and other languages.

Competitions held

year	city	venue	Moderation
1958	Hilversum	AVRO Studios Hilversum	Hannie Lips
1970	Amsterdam	RAI congress center	Willy Dobbe
1976	The hague	Nederlands Congresgebouw	Corry Brokken
1980			Marlous Fluitsma
2020	Rotterdam	Ahoy Rotterdam	Chantal Janzen , Edsilia Rombley and Jan Smit
2021	Rotterdam	Ahoy Rotterdam

Scoring

The following countries received the most points from or awarded the most points to the Netherlands (as of 2019):

Most of the points awarded in the final space country Points 1  Sweden 190 2  Belgium 173 3  Germany 167 4th  France 162 5  United Kingdom 153

Most in the final received points space country Points 1  Belgium 186 2  France 158 3  Ireland 151 4th  Germany 147 5  Switzerland 138

Most of the points awarded space country Points 1  Sweden 272 2  Belgium 229 3  Denmark 218 4th  Norway 211 5  Israel 185

Most total obtained points space country Points 1  Belgium 268 2  Ireland 199 3  Germany 198 4th  France 195 5  Denmark 192

Award of the highest rating

Since the introduction of the twelve-point system in 1975, the Netherlands has awarded the maximum number of points to 20 different countries, six of them to Turkey. In the semifinals, the Netherlands awarded the highest number of points to eleven different countries, four of which went to Armenia and Sweden.

Highest rating (final) year country Place (final) 1975  Luxembourg 5 1976  France 2 1977  Belgium 7th 1978  Israel 1 1979  France 3 1980  Germany 2 1981  United Kingdom 1 1982  Cyprus 5 1983  Israel 2 1984  France 8th 1985 No participation 1986  Switzerland 2 1987  Ireland 1 1988  Denmark 3 1989  Denmark 3 1990  France 2 1991 No participation 1992  Italy 4th 1993  Portugal 10 1994  Ireland 1 1995 Not qualified 1996  Ireland 1 1997  United Kingdom 1 1998  Germany 7th 1999  Germany 3 2000  Turkey 10 2001  Estonia 1 2002 Not qualified 2003  Turkey 1 2004  Turkey 4th 2005  Turkey 13 2006  Turkey 11 2007  Turkey 4th 2008  Armenia 4th 2009  Norway 1 2010  Armenia 7th 2011  Denmark 5 2012  Sweden 1 2013  Belgium 12 2014  Austria 1 2015  Belgium 4th 2016  Australia (J) 2  Belgium (T) 10 2017  Portugal (J&T) 1 2018  Germany (J & T) 4th 2019  Sweden (J) 5  Norway (T) 6th 2020 Competition canceled

Highest rating (semi-finals) year country Place (semifinals) 2004  Serbia and Montenegro 1 2005  Denmark 3 2006  Armenia 6th 2007  Turkey 3 2008  Armenia 2 2009  Norway 1 2010  Israel 8th 2011  Sweden 1 2012  Sweden 1 2013  Denmark 1 2014  Armenia 4th 2015  Belgium 2 2016  Croatia (J) 10  Armenia (T) 2 2017  Bulgaria (J&T) 1 2018  Sweden (J) 2  Denmark (T) 5 2019  Sweden (J) 3  Norway (T) 7th 2020 Competition canceled

Trivia

• In 1958, the Netherlands, as last year's winner and host, came in last - albeit shared. It was not until 2015 that Austria, the second country, succeeded in doing this.
• In 1976 Corry Brokken hosted the Eurovision Song Contest from The Hague. She was the first former participant to take on this task. In addition, she is the only singer who took both first (1957) and last (1958).
• Due to the explosion of the fireworks factory in Enschede on May 13, 2000, televoting in the Netherlands was dispensed with at the ESC that took place that evening and the voting of a jury was used.
• In the competitions that were held in the Netherlands, the scoreboard was often written in Dutch . In 1980 it was labeled in English, but the presenter spoke Dutch while calling the juries in the other countries on various phones.
• For the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf , the delegation headed by the 3JS band traveled to a river cruise ship that was moored on the banks of the Rhine near the old town .
• The Netherlands was the first country to win the ESC twice.
• By canceling the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, Duncan Laurence is the longest reigning ESC winner of all time. A new winner will not be determined until 2021.

Impressions

• 

  Conny Vandenbos 1965

• 

  Edsilia Rombley 2007

• 

  Hind 2008

• 

  Sieneke 2010

• 

  The Common Linnets 2014

• 

  Trijntje Oosterhuis 2015

• 

  Douwe Bob 2016

• 

  OG3NE 2017

• 

  Waylon 2018

• 

  Duncan Laurence 2019

literature

• Jan Feddersen: A song can be a bridge . Hoffmann and Campe, 2002

Web links

• National Finals homepage

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Agnes Katharina Sieland: ESC: Netherlands not in the final. In: NetherlandsNet. Center for Dutch Studies, University of Münster , May 13, 2011, accessed on May 18, 2013 .  In 2012 the Netherlands could not qualify either.
2. ↑ Chart statistics for Calm after The Storm on acharts.us
3. ↑ diggiloo.net
4. ↑ diggiloo.net
5. ^ NDR: All information about the ESC 2021 in the Netherlands. Retrieved June 22, 2020 .