Lemberg (Palatinate)

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 10 '  N , 7 ° 39'  E
Basic data
State :	Rhineland-Palatinate
County :	Southwest Palatinate
Association municipality :	Pirmasens land
Height :	340 m above sea level NHN
Area :	58.19 km 2
Residents:	3759 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	65 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	66969
Area code :	06331
License plate :	PS , ZW
Community key :	07 3 40 028
Association administration address:	Bahnhofstrasse 19 66953 Pirmasens
Website :	www.pirmasens-land.de
Local Mayor :	Martin Niebuhr ( SPD )
Location of the local community Lemberg in the district of Südwestpfalz

View of Lviv

Lemberg is a municipality in the Südwestpfalz district in Rhineland-Palatinate . It belongs to the Pirmasens-Land community , within which it is by far the largest local community in terms of both area and population. It is also the sixth largest in terms of inhabitants within the district and the second largest in terms of area after Wilgartswiesen . Lemberg is a state-approved resort and designated as a basic center according to state planning .

geography

location

Lemberg is a so-called "hill village"; it is located on the north-western edge of the Wasgau , as the southern part of the Palatinate Forest and the adjoining northern part of the Vosges are also called, and belongs to its sub-unit, the Southwest Palatinate Forest , alternatively called the Bitsch forest lowlands . Some new development areas are grouped around the comparatively small town center. 5100 hectares of the municipal area, almost 90 percent, are covered with forest. The terrain is typical of the Palatinate Forest, with barren, sandy soil, numerous small watercourses and wooded hills, which are usually crowned by red sandstone rocks. With 58.3 square kilometers, Lemberg has one of the largest districts in Rhineland-Palatinate.

The border with France runs eleven kilometers south of Lemberg ; this is where the Grand Est region ends . Neighboring municipalities of Lemberg are - starting from the north in a clockwise direction - Pirmasens , Münchweiler an der Rodalb , Ruppertsweiler , Hinterweidenthal , Dahn , Fischbach bei Dahn , Ludwigswinkel , Eppenbrunn and Obersimten .

Community structure

In addition to the core town of Lemberg, the larger districts of Glashütte , Langmühle and Salzwoog belong to the community , each of which forms a local district and is represented by a local advisory board and a local director. The fourth district consists of the two hamlets of Kettrichhof and Rodalberhof . Other parts of the community are the Am Soll and Gutenbach settlements and the Altenwoogsmühle and Stephanshof residential areas .

Surveys

Mountain landscape of the Palatinate Forest on the district of Lemberg

Lviv extends over several hills. Immediately to the northwest of the settlement area rises the ( 458  m above sea  level ) high Schloßberg and south of the buildings the 415  m above sea level. NHN high Rothenberg . The Große Schiffelskopf ( 457  m ) rises between the core town and Salzwoog . In the north of the district is the 474  m above sea level. NHN high Hummelberg , which is sometimes referred to as Ruppertstein .

Three kilometers south of Glashütte is the 467  m above sea level. NHN measured High head and to the north of 456  m above sea level. NHN high large Stephansberg . Several kilometers east of these are the Große Spießkopf ( 414  m above sea level ) and the Braunsberg ( 463.4  m above sea level ). The Bichtenberg ( 400  m above sea level ) rises in the far east on the boundary of Dahn .

Waters

The Palatinate main watershed between the Rhine and the Moselle stretches across the district from northeast to southwest . The Rodalb rises near Lemberg and is dammed up in the local area to the so-called Lemberger Weiher , in some cases it forms the boundary to Pirmasens. On site, the Rothenbach flows into it from the right .

Salzbach at the height of Salzwoog

Beyond the watershed rises the Salzbach running in a south-west-north-east direction, which bears the names Kröppenbach and Buchbach in its upper reaches and passes the district of Langmühle in this area. before that, he takes the Brunnentalbach and the Schimmelbach from the left . Around three kilometers east of this, the Storrbach flows from the right and further east the Lindelbach , before the course of the river touches the western edge of the settlement of Salzwoog, where there is a reservoir of the same name and then forms the boundary to Hinterweidenthal for two kilometers. In the southeast, the Fischbach forms the boundary to the municipality of the same name.

climate

The annual precipitation is 898 mm. The rainfall is high. They are in the upper quarter of the values ​​recorded in Germany. Lower values ​​are registered at 77 percent of the German Weather Service's measuring stations . The driest month is April, with the most rainfall in May. In May there is 1.4 times more rainfall than in April. The precipitation hardly varies and is very evenly distributed over the year. Lower seasonal fluctuations are registered at only nine percent of the measuring stations .

history

prehistory

The oldest archaeological evidence is the remains of a Celtic settlement. Approximately on the route of today's B 10, an east-west connection through the Palatinate Forest already existed in Roman times. On the castle hill above the village there was a Roman refuge from the 4th century AD.

middle Ages

The forest area surrounding Lviv was hardly populated or used until the late Middle Ages . Forest grazing and charcoal burning fed very few people. Intensive agriculture was never particularly profitable due to the soil conditions and is hardly practiced to this day. At the time, the village of Gutenbach , which has since disappeared and is now part of the municipality, existed immediately northwest of Lemberg .

Until the 12th century, the area belonged to the Hornbach Monastery , which in 1198 with Count Heinrich I von Zweibrücken exchanged a rock for other lands to build Lemberg Castle . In the following years a village was formed at the foot of the castle, which belonged to the territory of the County of Zweibrücken . From the end of the 13th century, Lemberg, including its office of the same name, was in the County of Zweibrücken-Bitsch and there in the Lemberg official school . Lemberg also included a glassworks , the Langmühle , a powder mill, the Rodalber Hof , the Ruhbankerhof , the Salzwooger Hof and the Stephanshof , then called Stephansbrunn . Until the rise of Pirmasens, Lemberg was the most important place in the area and the seat of the administration of the Lemberg office.

Early modern age

Count Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch (1510–1570) died in 1570 as the last male member of his family. The Lemberg office was inherited by his daughter, Ludovica Margaretha von Zweibrücken-Bitsch , who was married to Count Philipp (V.) von Hanau-Lichtenberg . Her father-in-law, Count Philipp IV. Von Hanau-Lichtenberg , gave the strict Roman Catholic Duke Karl III by immediately introducing the Lutheran creed . of Lorraine, the opportunity to intervene militarily, as the latter had suzerainty over the Bitsch rule, which was also part of the inheritance . In July 1572 Lorraine troops occupied the county. Since Philip IV was unable to cope with the overwhelming power of Lorraine, he chose the legal route. In the subsequent process before the Reich Chamber of Commerce, Lorraine was able to prevail with regard to the Bitsch rule, while the Lemberg office - and thus also Lemberg - was awarded to the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg . the Office Lviv was under the same sub-office, in addition to the community the places Burgalben , Donsieders , Fehrenbach , Gersbach , Höheinöd , Höhfröschen , Pirmasens, Thaleischweiler , Thalfröschen and Winzeln umfaste.

The castle was partially destroyed in the Thirty Years' War in 1636 and finally in 1689 in the War of the Palatinate Succession ; the ruins were later used as a quarry. In 1697 the seat of the Lemberg office was relocated to the less severely damaged Pirmasens, which later became the landgrave's residence of Louis IX. of Hessen-Darmstadt should finally replace Lemberg as the most important place in the region.

1736 died with Count Johann Reinhard III. the last male representative of the Hanau family. Due to the marriage of his only daughter, Charlotte Christine Magdalene Johanna von Hanau-Lichtenberg (1700–1726), with the Hereditary Prince Ludwig (VIII.) (1691–1768) of Hesse-Darmstadt , the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg fell there.

Modern times

In the course of the French Revolution , the left bank of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg - and ultimately the Lemberg and Lemberg offices - fell to France in 1794, where it belonged to the Donnersberg (Mont Tonnerre) department . From 1798 to 1814, when the Palatinate was part of the French Republic (until 1804) and then part of the Napoleonic Empire , the place was incorporated into the Canton of Pirmasens and formed its own Mairie . After the end of Napoleonic rule, the place was initially added to Austria in 1815. A year later Lemberg came to the Bavarian Rhine District . From 1818 to 1862 he was a member of the Pirmasens Land Commissioner ; from this the district office of Pirmasens emerged. The later Palatinate was again occupied by the French until 1930 after the First World War .

In 1939 Lemberg was incorporated into the district of Pirmasens (from 1997 district of Südwestpfalz ) . After the Second World War , the municipality within the French occupation zone became part of the then newly formed state of Rhineland-Palatinate. On October 20, 1956, the Ruhbank settlement, which had previously belonged to Lemberg, was moved to Pirmasens. In the course of the first administrative reform in Rhineland-Palatinate , the municipality was assigned to the newly created association municipality Pirmasens-Land in 1972 .

population

Population development

After the Thirty Years' War, Lemberg was largely abandoned and dilapidated and initially completely depopulated after the War of the Palatinate Succession. In 1815 the community had a total of 1050 inhabitants. Lviv's strong growth at times has come to a standstill. However, the losses from moving out of the region and population change are compensated for, among other things, by moving to the district town of Pirmasens, which is thanks to the excellent residential area.

religion

In 1202 Lemberg formed a branch of the parish Pirmasens. Settlers who immigrated after the Thirty Years' War mostly had the Protestant denomination. The place now also has a Catholic church, as the Catholic population increased during the second half of the 20th century with new residents. The Catholics belong to the Diocese of Speyer and are subordinate to the Deanery Pirmasens , the Evangelicals to the Protestant Church of the Palatinate .

politics

Municipal council

The local council in Lviv consists of 20 council members, who were elected in the local elections on May 26, 2019 in a personalized proportional representation, and the honorary local mayor as chairman.

The distribution of seats in the municipal council:

choice	SPD	CDU	FWG	WGH	total
2019	11	4th	5	-	20 seats
2014	10	4th	4th	2	20 seats
2009	10	5	3	2	20 seats
2004	9	6th	2	3	20 seats

• FWG = Free Voting Community Lemberg e. V.
• WGH = voter group Horder e. V.

mayor

Martin Niebuhr (SPD) became the local mayor of Lemberg on August 15, 2019. In the direct election on May 26, 2019, he was elected for five years with 75.15% of the vote. Niebuhr's predecessor Heinrich Hoffmeister (SPD), who had held the office for 20 years, did not run again.

coat of arms

	Blazon : "In a split shield above in gold three red Hanau rafters, below in silver a blue horseshoe." The flag is divided into red-yellow-red in a ratio of 1: 3: 1.
	Reasons for the coat of arms: The rafters come from the coat of arms of Hanau- Lichtenberg.

Partner municipality

The Palatinate municipality of Lemberg has been in partnership with the French municipality of Lemberg (Moselle) since 1961 .

Culture and other sights

Buildings

Cultural monuments

Lviv Castle ruins

→ Main article : List of cultural monuments in Lviv

The castle ruins of Lemberg and Ruppertstein are designated as monument zones. The former is located on the outskirts and was first mentioned in 1230 as "Castrum Lewenberc" - the place name is ultimately derived from "Löwenberg". There is an exhibition on their history at the castle ruins.

There are also numerous individual objects that are under monument protection , including the germ cross, which forms a memorial on the way to Drei Buchen; it is reminiscent of a murder in the 19th century . The historic buildings in the town center include the Evangelical Church in Bergstrasse, a three-axis hall building built from 1843 to 1845, and the former forester's house in Hauptstrasse, a classical plastered building from the mid-19th century. Before entering the town from the direction of Pirmasens, there is the Altenwoogsmühle, a mansard hipped roof building from 1750, which has been used as an inn since a renovation in the 1930s.

Other structures

One of the deepest wells in the region (94.8 meters) can be viewed from above or by prior arrangement with the municipality through a 131 meter long well tunnel.

The leaf fountain is located in a rocky depression. The 219 meter high Kettrichhof transmission mast is located in the district of the same name .

nature

Devil table

The municipality is located in the Palatinate Forest Nature Park , which in turn belongs to the Palatinate Forest-Vosges du Nord biosphere reserve , which is protected by UNESCO . With the Frauenbrünnel, the Rothenfelsen and the oak at the Stephanshäuschen there are a total of three natural monuments on site . There are a number of other rock formations around Lemberg, such as the Teufelstisch and the Maiblumenfels . In addition, there is the Wolfslöcher nature reserve in the south of the municipality ; the Schlossberg is classified as a landscape protection area.

societies

The gymnastics club 1891 Lemberg e. V. is a long-established association that maintains numerous types of sport and, in addition to the classic disciplines, also offers recreational and trend sports. The Lemberg / Palatinate Wind Orchestra V. is active in adult, youth and child labor with orchestras, youth and school orchestras, dwarf bands and flute groups. Main focus of the sports club 1919 Lemberg e. V. form football, cycling and gymnastics, plus a choir. In addition, there is also the Lemberg Voluntary Fire Brigade and the Palatinate Forest Association Lemberg e. & nbspV. , who is also dedicated to maintaining the homeland and culture.

Knight stones

Knight stone 306

There are numerous knight stones on the parish of the municipality . Ritterstein 36 Klosterbrunnen points to a spring that belonged to Hornbach Monastery . 208 The island of Suhl refers to a wallow there. 209 Rodalb origin is at the source of the Rodalb. 210 Storrwoogerhof ruin - forester's house refers to the Pottaschhütten existing in the 18th century, from which a forest farm and then a forester's house later developed, until it was demolished in 1892. 212 A sack- like valley basin marks the sack. 306 Langkehler saw mill ruin 1769–1894 refers to a former mill.

Customs

The Whitsun quack is practiced on site, which is a regional variant of the Whitsun singing.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

At the end of the 19th century, the shoe industry developed in Pirmasens and the surrounding communities . The shoes brought money to the region, so that many residents of Lviv went to work in Pirmasens every day. Soon shoes were also being made in Lemberg; In this way, for example, a part of Rheinberger's operation came into being at the beginning of the 20th century . From then on, the women were able to combine additional income and family by working from home, but factories were also built, for example the Kästner family's business. With the globalization of shoe production from around 1970, the decline of this industry began, which has now disappeared from Lviv.

A significant part of the working population works abroad, mainly in the neighboring district town of Pirmasens, but quite a few travel daily to Kaiserslautern or the metropolitan areas on the Rhine . A development that makes tourism an economically important factor, in contrast to the neighboring communities, has not yet been identified.

Leisure and Tourism

Huts

Forest house three beeches

In addition, there are several current or former huts of the Palatinate Forest Association in the municipality . A so-called castle tavern with overnight accommodation has been housed in Lemberg Castle since 1950 and is now leased by the municipality. In the southwest of the municipality is the forest house Drei Buchen, leased by the local group Pirmasens 05, as well as in the northwest on the border to Pirmasens the forest house Starkenbrunnen of the local group Pirmasens-Starkenbrunnen, which has been in existence since 1936 . The Klosterbrunnhütte has also been located in the east of the district since 1911 , but there is no catering. The Rudolf-Keller-Haus of the Pirmasens section of the German Alpine Club is located in the Langmühle district .

Hiking trails and tourist routes

Hiking trail on the district of Lviv

The German Shoe Road runs through Lemberg . The community is also the starting point for tours 18 and 19 of the Palatinate Forest Mountain Bike Park . The vast forest areas are criss-crossed with hiking trails of different lengths and gradients. The Palatinate Forest Association marks both long-distance and circular hiking trails. The Nahegau-Wasgau-Vogesen long-distance hiking trail , which is marked with a white cross, runs through the municipality, the Pirmasens-Belfort long-distance hiking trail marked with a yellow bar and the Höcherbergweg , marked with a red and white bar , which leads from Niederwürzbach to Böchingen .

In addition, a hiking trail marked with a yellow dot leads from the Kettrichhof via Hinterweidenthal, Dahn and Fischbach . There is also a hiking trail that is marked with a green cross and that runs from Freinsheim via the Glashütte district to Erlenkopf and one that is marked with a green-yellow bar and that leads from Kirchheimbolanden via Salzwoog to Hirschthal . One that is marked with a blue-red bar and runs from Kirchheimbolanden to Pirmasens runs through the far north of the district . There is also one that runs with a green-blue bar and from Göllheim to Eppenbrunn ; it crosses the extreme south-east of the Lviv municipal area. From the foliage fountain near the sports field, a circular hike can be undertaken on the Lviv rock path .

traffic

The transport links from Lviv are limited to the road. The partially four-lane B 10 passes the town about 5 km away. To the west this soon changes into the A 8 at Pirmasens , to the east it reaches the A 65 after crossing the Palatinate Forest after 37 kilometers at Landau . In the north it is about 40 km via the B 270 to Kaiserslautern . There is no direct cross-regional road connection to the south: on both sides of the German-French border there are only smaller towns and subordinate roads.

State road 485 in the Langmühle district

The national roads 485 leads from Eppenbrunn on the districts glassworks and cross-mill, before it between the nucleus and Salzwoog in the national road 486 opens. The latter leads from Pirmasens via the Kernort and Salzwoog to Hinterweidenthal. The state road 487 runs from Fischbach bei Dahn via Salzwoog to Kaltenbach . The district road 7 connects the Kettrichhof to the road network and the district road 8 the Rodalberhof. The circuit road 36 connects with Lvov Ruppertsweiler and Münchweiler Rodalb . The circuit road 37 performs long-mill, and provides a link to the country roads 485 and 486 ago.

military

After the Second World War, the community was part of the Pirmasens Military Community , which has now been dissolved ; the Lemberg Missile Station , which was under construction from 1958 onwards , was equipped with nuclear warheads from the Nike anti-aircraft missile program and was put into operation in 1962. It was closed during the first half of the 1990s. Another military facility was the Lemberg Ammo Area 64 .

media

The most important daily newspaper is Die Rheinpfalz in its Pirmasenser edition. The Pirmasens newspaper is also read. Official notices are published in the official gazette of the Verbandsgemeinde. The district of Südwestpfalz maintains the "Open Channel", a regional cable broadcaster whose program is designed by citizens. The Südwestrundfunk operates the Kettrichhof transmitter on site.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Ewald Karch (1940–2009), former mayor

Sons and daughters of the church

• Johann August (Pfalz-Lützelstein) (1575–1611), Count Palatine of Lützelstein
• Emil Kieffer (1881–1959), District Administrator of the Zweibrücken district
• Peter Vaupel (* 1943), doctor, university professor, professor (Hon.)
• Klaus Zmorek (* 1957), actor

People who worked on site

• Angelika Glöckner (* 1962), politician (SPD), lives on site

literature

• Official directory and statistics of the royal Bavarian administrative district of the Palatinate . Speyer 1870 ( limited preview in Google book search).
• Steffen Bergner, Fridolin Reutti, Hans Klose: Palatinate Castle Lexicon . Ed .: Institute for Palatinate History and Folklore Kaiserslautern. tape III , 2005, ISBN 3-927754-51-X , pp. 360–380 (with an extensive list of literature and a newly measured plan at the end of the book).
• Emil Guth with contributions by various other authors: Lemberg: Village and castle through the ages - From the history of the former administrative center of Hanau-Lichtenberg and the annexes, courtyards and mills . Self-published, Lemberg 1984.
• Friedrich Knöpp: Territorial inventory of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg Hesse-Darmstadt part . Ed .: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt . Darmstadt 1962 (signature: N 282/6).
• Alfred Matt: Bailliages, prévôté et fiefs ayant fait partie de la Seigneurie de Lichtenberg, du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg, du Landgraviat de Hesse-Darmstadt . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (ed.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480 - 1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980) . 1980, p. 7-9 .
• Alexander Thon (Ed.): ... like a banned, inaccessible magic castle. Castles in the southern Palatinate . 2nd, improved edition. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2005, ISBN 3-7954-1570-5 , p. 86-89 .
• 800 years of Lviv Castle . Self-published, Lemberg 1999, ISBN 3-00-002205-8 .

Web links

Commons : Lemberg (Pfalz)  - Collection of images

• Local community Lemberg on the website of the Verbandsgemeinde Pirmasens-Land
• Literature about Lemberg in the Rhineland-Palatinate State Bibliography

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, communities, association communities ( help on this ).
2. ↑ ^{a b} State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate - regional data
3. ↑ Main statute of the local community Lemberg. (PDF; 27 kB) Accessed February 14, 2020 . 
4. ↑ State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Official directory of the municipalities and parts of the municipality. Status: January 2018 ^{[ Version 2020 is available. ]} . S. 109 (PDF; 2.2 MB).
5. ↑ Knöpp, p. 10
6. ^ Matt, p. 9.
7. ↑ Knopp, p. 10.
8. ↑ Directory of officials .
9. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: Local elections 2019, city and municipal council elections
10. ↑ Klaus Kadel-Magin: “The Hoffmeister made his master”. Handover. Die Rheinpfalz, August 17, 2019, accessed on April 6, 2020 . 
11. ^ The State Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: direct elections 2019. see Pirmasens-Land, Verbandsgemeinde, fourth line of results. Retrieved April 6, 2020 .