List of discoverers of the NGC / IC catalog

The following table is a listing of the discoverers of the NGC objects and the IC objects .

Surname	country	*	In	†	In	Number NGC	Number IC	Observatories	image
Robert Grant Aitken	US	Dec. 31, 1864	Jackson	Oct 29, 1951	Berkeley		1	Lick Observatory
Aratos from Soloi	GR	310 BC Chr.	Soloi	245 BC Chr.		1
Aristotle	GR	384 BC Chr.	Stageira	322 BC Chr.	Chalkida	1
Abd al-Rahman as-Sufi	IR	7 Dec 903	Rey	May 25, 986	Shiraz	1
Arthur von Auwers	DE	Sep 12 1838	Goettingen	Jan. 24, 1915	Berlin	2		Königsberg observatory , Berlin observatory
Solon Irving Bailey	US	December 29, 1854	Lisbon	June 5, 1931	Boston		1	Boyden Observatory , Harvard College Observatory
Francis Baily	GB	Apr 28, 1774	Newbury	Aug 30, 1844	London	1
Robert Stawell Ball	IE	July 1, 1840	Dublin	Nov 25, 1913	Cambridge	11		Leviathan of Parsonstown
Edward Emerson Barnard	US	Dec 16, 1857	Nashville	Feb 6, 1923	Nashville	17th	129	Vanderbilt Observatory , Lick Observatory
Joseph Baxendell	GB	April 19, 1815	Manchester	Oct 7, 1887	Birkdale	1		Fernley Observatory
John Bevis	GB	Oct 31, 1693	Old Sarum	Nov 6, 1771	London	1
Friedrich Andreas Markus Alexander Bidschof	AT	Dec 6, 1864	Vienna	December 7, 1915	Vienna		2	Vienna University Observatory , Astronomical Observatory Trieste
Guillaume Bigourdan	FR	Apr 6, 1851	Sistula	Feb. 28, 1932	Paris	70	264	Toulouse observatory , Paris observatory
Johann Elert Bode	DE	Jan. 19, 1747	Hamburg	Nov 23, 1826	Berlin	4th		Berlin observatory
George Phillips Bond	US	May 20, 1825	Dorchester	17 Feb 1865	Cambridge	14th		Harvard College Observatory
Alphonse Louis Nicolas Borrelly	FR	Dec 6, 1842	Roquemaure	Feb. 28, 1926	Nîmes	6th		Observatoire de Marseille
Theodor Johann Christian Ambders Brorsen	DK	July 29, 1819	Nordborg	March 31, 1895	Nordborg	1		Altona Observatory , Observatory Senftenberg
Karl Christian Bruhns	DE	Nov 22, 1830	Plön	July 25, 1881	Leipzig	1		Berlin observatory , Leipzig observatory
Sherburne Wesley Burnham	US	Dec 12, 1838	Thetford	March 11, 1921	Chicago	5	22nd	Dearborn Observatory , Lick Observatory , Yerkes Observatory
Niccolò Cacciatore	IT	Jan. 26, 1770	Casteltermini	Jan. 28, 1841	Palermo	1		Osservatorio astronomico di Palermo
Giovanni Domenico Cassini	FR	June 8, 1625	Perinaldo	Sep 14 1712	Paris	1		Paris observatory
Jean Chacornac	FR	June 21, 1823	Lyon	23 Sep 1873	Lyon	1		Observatoire de Marseille , Paris observatory
Jean-Philippe Loys de Chéseaux	CH	May 4, 1718	Lausanne	Nov 30, 1751	Paris	6th	2
Edwin Foster Coddington	US	June 24, 1870	Miami County	Dec 21, 1950	Columbus		1	Lick Observatory
Jérôme-Eugène Coggia	FR	Feb. 18, 1849	Ajaccio	Jan 15, 1919		1		Observatoire de Marseille
Andrew Ainslie Common	GB	7 Aug 1841	Newcastle upon Tyne	June 2, 1903	Ealing	29
Phillip Sidney Coolidge	US	22 Aug 1830	Boston	19 Sep 1863	Chickamauga	9		Harvard College Observatory
Edward Joshua Cooper	GB	May 1, 1798	St. Stephen's Green	Apr 28, 1863	Markree Castle	7th		Markree Observatory
Ralph Copeland	GB	3rd Sep 1837	Woodplumpton	Oct. 27, 1905	Edinburgh	35		Leviathan of Parsonstown , Dun Real
Antoine Darquier de Pellepoix	FR	Nov 23, 1718	Toulouse	Jan. 18, 1802	Toulouse	1
Heinrich Louis d'Arrest	DK	Aug 12, 1822	Berlin	June 13, 1875	Copenhagen	319		Berlin Observatory , Observatory Leipzig , Observatory Copenhagen
William Frederick Denning	GB	Nov 25, 1848	Redpost	June 9, 1931	Bristol		18th
Johan Luis Emil Dreyer	DK	Feb 13, 1852	Copenhagen	Sep 14 1926	Oxford	15th		Leviathan of Parsonstown , Dunsink Observatory , Armagh Observatory
Nils Christofer Dunér	SE	May 21, 1839	Billeberga	Nov 10, 1914	Stockholm	1		Lund Observatory , Uppsala Observatory
James Dunlop	GB	Oct 31, 1793	Dalry	22 Sep 1848	Bora Bora	225	10	Parramatta Observatory , Observatory Roxburgh
Basil of Engelhardt	RU	July 29, 1828	Kustowitschy	May 17, 1915	Dresden		1
Thomas Henry Espinell Compton Espin	GB	May 28, 1858	Birmingham	Dec. 2, 1934	Tow Law		18th
Gaspare Stanislao Ferrari	IT	Oct 23, 1834	Bologna	June 20, 1903	Paris	14th		Vatican observatory
William Henry Finlay	ZA	June 17, 1849	Liverpool	December 7, 1924	Cape Town		4th	Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope
John Flamsteed	GB	19 Aug 1646	Denby	December 31, 1719	Greenwich	1		Royal Greenwich Observatory
Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming	US	May 15, 1857	Dundee	May 21, 1911	Boston		46	Harvard College Observatory
Royal Harwood Frost	US	Feb 25, 1879	Salem	May 11, 1950	Shreveport		446	Harvard College Observatory , Arequipa Harvard Observatory
Walter Frederick Gale	AU	Nov. 27, 1865	Paddington	June 1, 1945	Waverly		1
Asaph Hall	US	Oct 15, 1829	Goshen	Nov 22, 1907	Annapolis	1		Harvard College Observatory , Naval Observatory
Edmond Halley	GB	Nov 8, 1656	Haggerston	Jan. 14, 1742	Greenwich	2
Karl Ludwig Harding	DE	29 Sep 1765	Lauenburg	31 Aug 1834	Goettingen	1		Lilienthal Observatory , Observatory Göttingen
Mark Walrod Harrington	US	Aug 18, 1848	Sycamore	Sep 10 1926	Morris Plains	1		Detroit Observatory
Carl Ernst Albrecht Hartwig	DE	Jan. 14, 1851	Frankfurt am Main	May 3, 1923	Bamberg	5		Observatoire de Strasbourg , observatory Tartu , observatory Bamberg
M athieu-Prosper Henry	FR	Dec 10, 1849	Nancy	July 25, 1903	Pralognan	1		Paris observatory
P aul-Pierre Henry	FR	Aug 21, 1848	Nancy	Jan. 4, 1905	Montrouge	1		Paris observatory
C aroline Lucretia Herschel	DE	March 16, 1750	Hanover	Jan. 9, 1848	Hanover	10
J ohn Frederick William Herschel	GB	March 7, 1792	Slough	May 11, 1871	Hawkhurst	1691	1
Friedrich W ilhelm Herschel	GB	Nov 15, 1738	Hanover	25 Aug 1822	Slough	2415	8th
John Russell Hind	GB	May 12, 1823	Nottingham	23 Dec 1895	Twickenham	4th		Royal Greenwich Observatory , Regent's Park Observatory
Hipparchus of Nicaea	GR	190 BC Chr.	Nicaea	120 BC Chr.	Rhodes ev.	2
Giovanni Battista Hodierna	IT	Apr 13, 1597	Ragusa	Aug 6, 1660	Palma di Montechiaro	11
Edward Singleton Holden	US	Nov 5, 1846	St. Louis	March 16, 1914	West Point	18th		Naval Observatory , Washburn Observatory , Lick Observatory
George Washington Hough	US	Oct. 24, 1836	Montgomery	Jan. 1, 1909	Evanston	4th		Dudley Observatory , Dearborn Observatory
Herbert Alonzo Howe	US	Nov 22, 1858	Brockport NY	Nov 2, 1926	Denver		57	Chamberlin Observatory
Samuel Hunter	IE	?		?		2		Leviathan of Parsonstown
Johann Abraham Ihle	DE	June 14, 1627	Leipzig	1699	Leipzig	1
Robert Thorburn Ayres Innes	GB	Nov 10, 1861	Edinburgh	March 13, 1933	London		13	Union Observatory , Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope
Stéphane Javelle	FR	Nov 16, 1864	Lyon	Aug 3, 1917	Nice		1364	Observatoire de Nice
James Edward Keeler	US	Sep 10 1857	LaSalle	Aug 12, 1900	San Francisco		7th	Allegheny Observatory , Lick Observatory
Gottfried Kirch	DE	Dec 18, 1639	Guben	July 25, 1710	Berlin	2		Berlin observatory
Hermann Albert Kobold	DE	Aug 5, 1858	Hanover	June 11, 1942	Kiel		37	Observatoire de Strasbourg
Johann Gottfried Koehler	DE	Dec 15, 1745	Gauernitz	19 Sep 1801	Dresden	3
Nicolas Louis de Lacaille	FR	March 15, 1713	Rumigny	March 21, 1762	Paris	23	4th
William Lassell	GB	June 18, 1799	Bolton	Oct 5, 1880	Maidenhead	4th
Francis Preserved Leavenworth	US	3rd Sep 1858	Mount Vernon	Nov 12, 1928	Saint Paul	251	3	Leander McCormick Observatory
Guillaume Joseph Hyacinthe Jean-Baptiste Le Gentil	FR	Sep 12 1725	Coutances	Oct. 22, 1792	Paris	2		Paris observatory
Jakob Gerhard Lohse	DE	Jan. 10, 1851	Funfhausen	Jan. 2, 1941	Oldenburg	16		Dun Real , Wigglesworth Observatory , Royal Observatory Edinburgh
Joseph Lunt	GB	July 6, 1866	Egerton	Jan. 4, 1940	Cape Town		7th	Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope
Jean Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan	FR	Nov 26, 1678	Beziers	Feb. 20, 1771	Paris	1
Giovanni Domenico Maraldi	IT	Apr 17, 1709	Perinaldo	Nov 14, 1788	Perinaldo	2
Albert Marth	DE	May 5, 1828	Kolberg	Aug 5, 1897	Heidelberg	582	1	Regent's Park Observatory , Durham Observatory , Markree Observatory
Pierre-François-André Méchain	FR	16 Aug 1744	Laon	Sep 20 1804	Castellón de la Plana	26th		Paris observatory
Charles Messier	FR	June 26, 1730	Badonviller	Apr 12, 1817	Paris	40	1
RJ Mitchell	IE	?		?		83	3	Leviathan of Parsonstown
Frank Muller	US	Sep 10 1862	Virginia	April 19, 1917		82	13	Leander McCormick Observatory
Samuel Oppenheim	AT	Nov 19, 1857	Braunsberg	Aug 15, 1928	Vienna	1		Kuffner Observatory , University Observatory Vienna
Barnaba Oriani	IT	July 17, 1752	Carignano	Nov 12, 1832	Brera	1		Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
Johann Palisa	AT	Dec 6, 1848	Troppau	May 2, 1925	Vienna	7th	1	Marine Observatory Pola , University Observatory Vienna
NM Parrish	US	?		?			5
L awrence Parsons , 4th Earl of Rosse	IE	Nov 17, 1840	Birr Castle	Aug 30, 1908	Birr Castle	38		Leviathan of Parsonstown
W illiam Parsons , 3rd Earl of Rosse	IE	June 17, 1800	York	Oct. 31, 1867	Birr Castle	2		Leviathan of Parsonstown
Carl Frederick Pechüle	DK	June 8, 1843	Copenhagen	May 28, 1914	Copenhagen	2	3	Hamburg observatory , Copenhagen observatory
Charles Santiago Sanders Peirce	US	Sep 10 1839	Cambridge	Apr 19, 1914	Milford	1		Harvard College Observatory
Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc	FR	1580	Belgian animal	1637	Aix-en-Provence	1
Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters	US	19 Sep 1813	Koldenbüttel	July 18, 1890	Clinton	16		Capodimonte Observatory , Litchfield Observatory
Edward Charles Pickering	US	July 19, 1846	Boston	Feb. 3, 1919	Cambridge	15th	2	Harvard College Observatory
Edward Pigott	GB	1753	Whitton	June 27, 1825	Bath	1
Claudius Ptolemy	GR	87	Ptolemais Hermeiou ev.	165	Alexandria ev.	1
Isaac Roberts	GB	Jan. 27, 1829	Big	July 17, 1904	Crowborough		34
George Friedrich Wilhelm Rümker	DE	Dec 31, 1832	Ottensen	March 3, 1900	Hamburg	1		Durham Observatory , Hamburg Observatory
Truman Henry Safford	US	Jan. 6, 1836	Royalton	June 13, 1901	Newark	29	39	Harvard College Observatory , Dearborn Observatory , Hopkins Observatory
Johann Martin Schäberle	DE	Jan. 10, 1853	Öschelbronn	17 Sep 1924	Ann Arbor		1	Lick Observatory
Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt	DE	Oct. 26, 1825	Eutin	Feb. 7, 1884	Athens	16		National Observatory Athens
Eduard Schönfeld	DE	December 22, 1828	Hildburghausen	May 1, 1891	Bonn	4th		Marburg observatory , Mannheim observatory , Bonn observatory
Per Magnus Herman Schultz	SE	July 7, 1823	Nykvarn	May 8, 1890	Stockholm	12		Uppsala Observatory
Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann	DE	March 25, 1870	Hamburg	Jan. 19, 1964	Hamburg		149	Hamburg observatory
Kaspar Gottfried Swiss	CH	Feb 10, 1816	Wila	July 6, 1873	Moscow	1		Pulkovo Observatory , Moscow University Observatory
George Mary Searle	US	June 27, 1839	London	July 27, 1918	Washington	6th		Dudley Observatory , Harvard College Observatory
Aaron Nichols Skinner	US	Aug 10, 1845	Boston	Aug 14, 1918	Framingham	1	3	Dearborn Observatory , Naval Observatory
Rudolf Ferdinand Spitaler	AT	Nov 10, 1861	Lead mountain	March 13, 1933	Vienna		64	University observatory Vienna
Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan	FR	Aug 31, 1837	Sainte-Pezenne	Dec 31, 1923	Marseille	413		Observatoire de Marseille
DeLisle Stewart	US	March 16, 1870	Wabasha	Feb. 2, 1941	Miami Township		653	Harvard College Observatory , Cincinnati Observatory
Ormond Stone	US	Jan. 11, 1847	Pekin	Jan. 17, 1933	Centerville	88	8th	Dearborn Observatory , Cincinnati Observatory , Leander McCormick Observatory
B indon Blood Stoney	IE	June 13, 1828	Oakley Park	May 5, 1909	Dublin	89	6th	Leviathan of Parsonstown
G eorge Johnstone Stoney	IE	Feb 15, 1826	Oakley Park	July 5, 1911	London	53		Leviathan of Parsonstown
F riedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve	DE	Apr 15, 1793	Altona	Nov 23, 1864	St. Petersburg	7th		Dorpat Observatory , Pulkovo Observatory
O tto Wilhelm von Struve	EE	May 7, 1819	Dorpat	April 16, 1905	Karlsruhe	13		Dorpat Observatory , Pulkovo Observatory
E dward Doane Swift	US	Dec. 24, 1870	marathon	25 Sep 1935	Buffalo	25th	21st	Warner Observatory , Lowe Observatory
L EWIS A. Swift	US	Feb. 20, 1820	Clarkson	Jan. 5, 1913	marathon	467	450	Warner Observatory , Lowe Observatory
Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Temple	DE	Dec. 4, 1821	Niedercunnersdorf	March 16, 1889	Arcetri	149	1	Observatoire de Marseille , Arcetri Observatory
John Macon Thome	AR	22 Aug 1843	Palmyra	27 Sep 1908	Cordoba		5	Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba
David Peck Todd	US	March 19, 1855	Lake Ridge	June 1, 1939	Lynchburg	8th	2	Naval Observatory , Amherst College Observatory
Auguste Voigt	FR	Jan. 18, 1828	Gevrey-Chambertin	March 12, 1909	Géanges	5	3	Observatoire de Marseille
Thomas William Webb	GB	Dec 14, 1807	Tretire	May 19, 1885	Hardwicke		1
Herbert Couper Wilson	US	Oct. 24, 1858	Lewiston	March 9, 1940	Northfield		3	Cincinnati Observatory , Goodsell Observatory
Joseph Winlock	US	Feb 6, 1826	Shelby County	June 11, 1875	Cambridge	2		Harvard College Observatory
Friedrich August Winnecke	DE	Feb 5, 1835	Large armies	December 3, 1897	Bonn	8th		Berlin observatory , Pulkowa observatory , Observatoire de Strasbourg
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf	DE	June 21, 1863	Heidelberg	Oct 3, 1932	Heidelberg		1112	State Observatory Heidelberg-Königstuhl
Charles Augustus Young	US	Dec 15, 1834	Hanover	Jan. 3, 1908	Hanover	1		Halsted Observatory

Remarks

1. ↑ ^{a b} The Henry brothers discovered the Maja Nebula together.

literature

• Wolfgang Steinicke: Nebulae and Star Clusters. History of their discovery, observation and cataloging - from Herschel to Dreyer's “New General Catalog” . Books on Demand , Norderstedt 2009, ISBN 978-3-8370-8350-7

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} NGC / IC Observers with Wolfgang Steinicke