List of counties in Ohio

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The US state of Ohio is divided into 88 counties . They are listed below with their county seat , the date of establishment and the namesake. The column "Origin" indicates from which other counties a new one was created.

county FIPS code
County Seat
Founded
origin
Origin of name
population
surface
map
Adams County 001 West Union July 10, 1797 Hamilton County John Adams (1735–1826), president at the time the county was founded 000000000027330.000000000027,330 000000000001512.00000000001,512 km² ( 000000000058391.000000000058,391 sq mi) State map highlighting Adams County
Allen County 003 Lima March 1, 1820 Shelby County John Allen (1771 / 1772–1813), soldier in the British-American War 000000000108473.0000000000108,473 000000000001047.00000000001,047 km² ( 000000000040443.000000000040,443 sq mi) State map highlighting Allen County
Ashland County 005 Ashland February 24, 1846 Wayne, Richland, Huron, and Lorain Counties Ashland, home of Henry Clay . 000000000052523.000000000052,523 000000000001099.00000000001,099 km² ( 000000000042437.000000000042,437 sq mi) State map highlighting Ashland County
Ashtabula County 007 Jefferson June 7, 1807 Trumbull and Geauga Counties Ashtabula River , the "river fish" in Algonquianisch means 000000000102728.0000000000102,728 000000000001819.00000000001,819 km² ( 000000000070244.000000000070,244 sq mi) State map highlighting Ashtabula County
Athens County 009 Athens March 1, 1805 Washington County Athens 000000000062223.000000000062,223 000000000001313.00000000001,313 km² ( 000000000050676.000000000050,676 sq mi) State map highlighting Athens County
Auglaize County 011 Wapakoneta February 14, 1848 Allen, Mercer, Darke, Hardin, Logan, Shelby, and Van Wert Countys Auglaize River , which means "river of fallen trees" for the Shawnee 000000000046611.000000000046,611 000000000001039.00000000001,039 km² ( 000000000040125.000000000040,125 sq mi) State map highlighting Auglaize County
Belmont County 013 St. Clairsville September 7, 1801 Jefferson and Washington Counties Belle monte, French for "beautiful mountain" 000000000070226.000000000070.226 000000000001392.00000000001,392 km² ( 000000000053735.000000000053,735 sq mi) State map highlighting Belmont County
Brown County 015 Georgetown March 1, 1818 Adams and Clermont Counties General Jacob Brown (1775–1828), British-American War officer 000000000042285.000000000042,285 000000000001274.00000000001,274 km² ( 000000000049176.000000000049,176 sq mi) State map highlighting Brown County
Butler County 017 Hamilton May 1, 1803 Hamilton County General Richard Butler (1743–1791), killed in the Battle of Wabash 000000000332807.0000000000332,807 000000000001210.00000000001,210 km² ( 000000000046727.000000000046,727 sq mi) State map highlighting Butler County
Carroll County 019 Carrollton January 1, 1833 Columbiana, Stark, Harrison, Jefferson, and Tuscarawas Counties Charles Carroll (1737–1832), last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence 000000000028836.000000000028,836 000000000001022.00000000001,022 km² ( 000000000039467.000000000039,467 sq mi) State map highlighting Carroll County
Champaign County 021 Urbana March 1, 1805 Greene and Franklin Counties French for "level" as a description of the area 000000000038890.000000000038,890 000000000001110.00000000001,110 km² ( 000000000042856.000000000042,856 sq mi) State map highlighting Champaign County
Clark County 023 Springfield March 1, 1818 Champaign, Madison, and Greene Countys General George Rogers Clark (1752-1818), who defeated the Shawnee Indians at Springfield 000000000144742.0000000000144,742 000000000001036.00000000001,036 km² ( 000000000039986.000000000039,986 sq mi) State map highlighting Clark County
Clermont County 025 Batavia December 6, 1800 Hamilton County French for "free mountain" 000000000177977.0000000000177,977 000000000001171.00000000001,171 km² ( 000000000045199.000000000045,199 sq mi) State map highlighting Clermont County
Clinton County 027 Wilmington March 1, 1810 Highland and Warren Counties George Clinton (1739–1812), vice president at the time of the county 000000000040543.000000000040,543 000000000001064.00000000001,064 km² ( 000000000041088.000000000041,088 sq mi) State map highlighting Clinton County
Columbiana County 029 Lisbon May 1, 1803 Jefferson and Washington Counties Derived from the names Christoph Columbus and Anna 000000000112075.0000000000112.075 000000000001379.00000000001,379 km² ( 000000000053246.000000000053,246 sq mi) State map highlighting Columbiana County
Coshocton County 031 Coshocton January 31, 1810 Muskingum and Tuscarawas Counties "Association of Waters" in the Delaware language 000000000036655.000000000036,655 000000000001461.00000000001,461 km² ( 000000000056407.000000000056,407 sq mi) State map highlighting Coshocton County
Crawford County 033 Bucyrus April 1, 1820 Delaware County Officer William Crawford (1732–1782) 000000000046966.000000000046,966 000000000001041.00000000001,041 km² ( 000000000040211.000000000040,211 sq mi) State map highlighting Crawford County
Cuyahoga County 035 Cleveland June 7, 1807 Geauga County Cuyahoga River , the "Monkey River" in Iroquois means 000000001393978.00000000001,393,978 000000000001187.00000000001,187 km² ( 000000000045849.000000000045,849 sq mi) State map highlighting Cuyahoga County
Darke County 037 Greenville January 3, 1809 Miami County General William Darke (1736–1801), officer in the War of Independence 000000000053309.000000000053,309 000000000001553.00000000001,553 km² ( 000000000059980.000000000059,980 sq mi) State map highlighting Darke County
Defiance County 039 Defiance April 7, 1845 Williams, Henry, and Paulding Counties Fort Defiance , built by Anthony Wayne in 1794 000000000039500.000000000039,500 000000000001065.00000000001,065 km² ( 000000000041116.000000000041,116 sq mi) State map highlighting Defiance County
Delaware County 041 Delaware April 1, 1808 Franklin County Delaware Indians 000000000110106.0000000000110.106 000000000001146.00000000001,146 km² ( 000000000044241.000000000044,241 sq mi) State map highlighting Delaware County
Erie County 043 Sandusky March 15, 1838 Huron and Sandusky Counties Erie Indians 000000000079551.000000000079,551 000000000000660.0000000000660 km² ( 000000000025488.000000000025,488 sq mi) State map highlighting Erie County
Fairfield County 045 Lancaster December 9, 1800 Ross and Washington Counties Named after the "beautiful fields" 000000000122759.0000000000122,759 000000000001308.00000000001,308 km² ( 000000000050511.000000000050,511 sq mi) State map highlighting Fairfield County
Fayette County 047 Washington Court House March 1, 1810 Ross and Highland Counties Marquis de Lafayette , French officer and aristocrat 000000000028433.000000000028,433 000000000001053.00000000001,053 km² ( 000000000040658.000000000040,658 sq mi) State map highlighting Fayette County
Franklin County 049 Columbus April 30, 1803 Ross and Wayne Counties Benjamin Franklin (1706-1791) 000000001068978.00000000001,068,978 000000000001398.00000000001,398 km² ( 000000000053987.000000000053,987 sq mi) State map highlighting Franklin County
Fulton County 051 Wauseon April 1, 1850 Lucas, Henry, and Williams Counties Robert Fulton (1765–1815), inventor of the steamship 000000000042084.000000000042,084 000000000001054.00000000001,054 km² ( 000000000040678.000000000040,678 sq mi) State map highlighting Fulton County
Gallia County 053 Gallipolis April 30, 1803 Washington and Adams Counties Gaul 000000000031069.000000000031,069 000000000001214.00000000001,214 km² ( 000000000046878.000000000046,878 sq mi) State map highlighting Gallia County
Geauga County 055 Chardon March 1, 1806 Trumbull County An Indian word for raccoon 000000000090895.000000000090,895 000000000001045.00000000001,045 km² ( 000000000040366.000000000040,366 sq mi) State map highlighting Geauga County
Greene County 057 Xenia May 1, 1803 Hamilton and Ross Counties General Nathanael Greene (1742–1786), officer in the War of Independence 000000000147886.0000000000147.886 000000000001075.00000000001,075 km² ( 000000000041488.000000000041,488 sq mi) State map highlighting Greene County
Guernsey County 059 Cambridge March 1, 1810 Belmont and Muskingum Countys guernsey 000000000040792.000000000040,792 000000000001352.00000000001,352 km² ( 000000000052190.000000000052,190 sq mi) State map highlighting Guernsey County
Hamilton County 061 Cincinnati January 2, 1790 One of the original counties Alexander Hamilton (1755 / 1757-1804) 000000000845303.0000000000845.303 000000000001055.00000000001,055 km² ( 000000000040736.000000000040,736 sq mi) State map highlighting Hamilton County
Hancock County 063 Findlay April 1, 1820 Logan County John Hancock (1737-1793) 000000000071295.000000000071,295 000000000001376.00000000001,376 km² ( 000000000053135.000000000053,135 sq mi) State map highlighting Hancock County
Hardin County 065 Kenton April 1, 1820 Logan County General John Hardin (officer) (1753–1792) 000000000031945.000000000031,945 000000000001218.00000000001,218 km² ( 000000000047029.000000000047,029 sq mi) State map highlighting Hardin County
Harrison County 067 Cadiz February 1, 1813 Jefferson and Tuscarawas Counties General William H. Harrison (1773–1841) 000000000015856.000000000015,856 000000000001045.00000000001,045 km² ( 000000000040353.000000000040,353 sq mi) State map highlighting Harrison County
Henry County 069 Napoleon April 1, 1820 Shelby County Patrick Henry (1736–1799) 000000000029210.000000000029.210 000000000001079.00000000001,079 km² ( 000000000041650.000000000041,650 sq mi) State map highlighting Henry County
Highland county 071 Hillsboro May 1, 1805 Ross, Adams, and Clermont Counties Description of the landscape 000000000040875.000000000040,875 000000000001433.00000000001,433 km² ( 000000000055328.000000000055,328 sq mi) State map highlighting Highland County
Hocking County 073 Logan March 1, 1818 Athens, Ross, and Fairfield Counties Possibly from the Delaware Indian word "Hoch-Hoch-ing", which means "bottle" 000000000028241.000000000028,241 000000000001095.00000000001,095 km² ( 000000000042275.000000000042,275 sq mi) State map highlighting Hocking County
Holmes County 075 Millersburg January 20, 1824 Coshocton, Wayne, and Tuscarawas Counties Major Andrew Holmes († 1814) 000000000038943.000000000038,943 000000000001096.00000000001,096 km² ( 000000000042299.000000000042,299 sq mi) State map highlighting Holmes County
Huron County 077 Norwalk March 7, 1809 Portage and Cuyahoga Counties Huron Indians 000000000059847.000000000059,847 000000000001276.00000000001,276 km² ( 000000000049269.000000000049,269 sq mi) State map highlighting Huron County
Jackson County 079 Jackson March 1, 1816 Scioto, Gallia, Athens, and Ross Countys General Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) 000000000032641.000000000032,641 000000000001089.00000000001,089 km² ( 000000000042028.000000000042,028 sq mi) State map highlighting Jackson County
Jefferson County 081 Steubenville July 29, 1797 Washington County Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) 000000000073894.000000000073,894 000000000001061.00000000001,061 km² ( 000000000040961.000000000040,961 sq mi) State map highlighting Jefferson County
Knox County 083 Mount Vernon March 1, 1808 Fairfield County General Henry Knox 000000000054500.000000000054,500 000000000001365.00000000001,365 km² ( 000000000052712.000000000052,712 sq mi) State map highlighting Knox County
Lake County 085 Painesville March 6, 1840 Geauga and Cuyahoga Counties On the shores of Lake Erie 000000000227511.0000000000227,511 000000000000591.0000000000591 km² ( 000000000022821.000000000022,821 sq mi) State map highlighting Lake County
Lawrence County 087 Ironton December 21, 1815 Gallia and Scioto Counties Captain James Lawrence (1781-1813) 000000000062319.000000000062,319 000000000001178.00000000001,178 km² ( 000000000045496.000000000045,496 sq mi) State map highlighting Lawrence County
Licking County 089 Newark March 1, 1808 Fairfield County Named for the county salt licks 000000000145491.0000000000145.491 000000000001778.00000000001,778 km² ( 000000000068650.000000000068,650 sq mi) State map highlighting Licking County
Logan County 091 Bellefontaine March 1, 1818 Champaign County General Benjamin Logan (~ 1742–1802) 000000000046005.000000000046.005 000000000001187.00000000001,187 km² ( 000000000045844.000000000045,844 sq mi) State map highlighting Logan County
Lorain County 093 Elyria December 26, 1822 Huron, Cuyahoga, and Medina Counties To Lorraine in France 000000000284664.0000000000284,664 000000000001276.00000000001,276 km² ( 000000000049250.000000000049,250 sq mi) State map highlighting Lorain County
Lucas County 095 Toledo June 20, 1835 Wood, Sandusky, and Huron Counties Robert Lucas (1781–1853), Governor of Ohio 000000000455054.0000000000455.054 000000000000882.0000000000882 km² ( 000000000034046.000000000034,046 sq mi) State map highlighting Lucas County
Madison County 097 London March 1, 1810 Franklin County President James Madison (1751-1836) 000000000040213.000000000040.213 000000000001205.00000000001,205 km² ( 000000000046544.000000000046,544 sq mi) State map highlighting Madison County
Mahoning County 099 Youngstown March 1, 1846 Columbiana and Trumbull Counties Mahoning River 000000000257555.0000000000257,555 000000000001075.00000000001,075 km² ( 000000000041525.000000000041,525 sq mi) State map highlighting Mahoning County
Marion County 101 Marion April 1, 1820 Delaware County General Francis Marion (1732–1795) 000000000066217.000000000066,217 000000000001046.00000000001,046 km² ( 000000000040384.000000000040,384 sq mi) State map highlighting Marion County
Medina County 103 Medina February 18, 1812 Portage County Medina , capital of Al Madinah in Saudi Arabia 000000000151095.0000000000151,095 000000000001092.00000000001,092 km² ( 000000000042155.000000000042,155 sq mi) State map highlighting Medina County
Meigs County 105 Pomeroy April 1, 1819 Gallia and Athens Counties Return Jonathan Meigs Jr. (1764-1825) 000000000023072.000000000023,072 000000000001112.00000000001,112 km² ( 000000000042942.000000000042,942 sq mi) State map highlighting Meigs County
Mercer County 107 Celina April 1, 1820 Darke County General Hugh Mercer (1726–1777) 000000000040924.000000000040,924 000000000001200.00000000001,200 km² ( 000000000046327.000000000046,327 sq mi) State map highlighting Mercer County
Miami County 109 Troy March 1, 1807 Montgomery County Miami Indians 000000000098868.000000000098,868 000000000001054.00000000001,054 km² ( 000000000040704.000000000040,704 sq mi) State map highlighting Miami County
Monroe County 111 Woodsfield January 29, 1813 Belmont, Washington, and Guernsey Counties James Monroe (1758-1831) 000000000015180.000000000015,180 000000000001180.00000000001,180 km² ( 000000000045554.000000000045,554 sq mi) State map highlighting Monroe County
Montgomery County 113 Dayton May 1, 1803 Hamilton and Wayne Countys General Richard Montgomery (1738-1775) 000000000559062.0000000000559.062 000000000001196.00000000001,196 km² ( 000000000046168.000000000046,168 sq mi) State map highlighting Montgomery County
Morgan County 115 McConnelsville December 29, 1817 Washington, Guernsey, and Muskingum Counties General Daniel Morgan (politician) Daniel Morgan (c.1735–1802) 000000000014897.000000000014,897 000000000001082.00000000001,082 km² ( 000000000041766.000000000041,766 sq mi) State map highlighting Morgan County
Morrow County 117 Mount Gilead March 1, 1848 Knox, Marion, Delaware, and Richland Counties Jeremiah Morrow (1771-1852), Governor of Ohio 000000000031628.000000000031,628 000000000001052.00000000001,052 km² ( 000000000040622.000000000040,622 sq mi) State map highlighting Morrow County
Muskingum County 119 Zanesville March 1, 1803 Washington and Fairfield Counties A local word for "village on the river"
or
a local word for "by the river"
000000000084585.000000000084,585 000000000001721.00000000001,721 km² ( 000000000066463.000000000066,463 sq mi) State map highlighting Muskingum County
Noble County 121 Caldwell April 1, 1851 Monroe, Washington, Morgan, and Guernsey Counties John Noble (1785–1831), an early settler 000000000014058.000000000014,058 000000000001033.00000000001,033 km² ( 000000000039900.000000000039,900 sq mi) State map highlighting Noble County
Ottawa County 123 Port Clinton March 6, 1840 Erie, Sandusky, and Lucas Countys Ottawa Indians 000000000040985.000000000040,985 000000000000660.0000000000660 km² ( 000000000025495.000000000025,495 sq mi) State map highlighting Ottawa County
Paulding County 125 Paulding April 1, 1820 Darke County John Paulding (1758-1818) 000000000020293.000000000020,293 000000000001078.00000000001,078 km² ( 000000000041626.000000000041,626 sq mi) State map highlighting Paulding County
Perry County 127 New Lexington March 1, 1818 Washington, Fairfield, and Muskingum Counties Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry (1785-1819) 000000000034078.000000000034,078 000000000001061.00000000001,061 km² ( 000000000040978.000000000040,978 sq mi) State map highlighting Perry County
Pickaway County 129 Circleville March 1, 1810 Ross, Fairfield, and Franklin Counties Incorrect spelling for the Piqua tribe
or
a derivative of the Indian word "Piqua"
000000000052727.000000000052,727 000000000001300.00000000001,300 km² ( 000000000050191.000000000050,191 sq mi) State map highlighting Pickaway County
Pike County 131 Waverly February 1, 1815 Ross, Scioto, and Adams Counties General Zebulon Pike (1779–1813), discoverer of Pikes Peak 000000000027695.000000000027,695 000000000001143.0000000000000000000044149.000000000044,149 sq mi (1,143 km² ) State map highlighting Pike County
Portage County 133 Ravenna June 7, 1807 Trumbull County Portage , carrying canoes across the country 000000000152061.0000000000152.061 000000000001275.00000000001,275 km² ( 000000000049239.000000000049,239 sq mi) State map highlighting Portage County
Preble County 135 Eaton March 1, 1808 Montgomery and Butler Counties Captain Edward Preble (1761-1807) 000000000042337.000000000042,337 000000000001100.00000000001,100 km² ( 000000000042480.000000000042,480 sq mi) State map highlighting Preble County
Putnam County 137 Ottawa April 1, 1820 Shelby County General Israel Putnam (1718–1790), officer in the War of Independence 000000000034726.000000000034,726 000000000001253.00000000001,253 km² ( 000000000048387.000000000048,387 sq mi) State map highlighting Putnam County
Richland County 139 Mansfield March 1, 1808 Fairfield County Description of the soil in this area 000000000128852.0000000000128,852 000000000001287.00000000001,287 km² ( 000000000049688.000000000049,688 sq mi) State map highlighting Richland County
Ross County 141 Chillicothe August 20, 1798 Adams and Washington Counties James Ross 000000000073345.000000000073,345 000000000001783.00000000001,783 km² ( 000000000068841.000000000068,841 sq mi) State map highlighting Ross County
Sandusky County 143 Fremont April 1, 1820 Huron County An Iroquois word for "cold water" 000000000061792.000000000061,792 000000000001060.00000000001,060 km² ( 000000000040918.000000000040,918 sq mi) State map highlighting Sandusky County
Scioto County 145 Portsmouth May 1, 1803 Adams County Scioto River ; The word means "deer" in the Wyandot language 000000000079195.000000000079.195 000000000001586.00000000001,586 km² ( 000000000061227.000000000061,227 sq mi) State map highlighting Scioto County
Seneca County 147 Tiffin April 1, 1820 Huron County Seneca Indians who lived here 000000000058683.000000000058,683 000000000001426.00000000001,426 km² ( 000000000055059.000000000055,059 sq mi) State map highlighting Seneca County
Shelby County 149 Sidney April 1, 1819 Miami County General Isaac Shelby (1750-1826) 000000000047910.000000000047,910 000000000001060.00000000001,060 km² ( 000000000040927.000000000040,927 sq mi) State map highlighting Shelby County
Stark County 151 Canton February 13, 1808 Columbiana County General John Stark (1728-1822) 000000000378098.0000000000378.098 000000000001492.00000000001,492 km² ( 000000000057614.000000000057,614 sq mi) State map highlighting Stark County
Summit County 153 Akron March 3, 1840 Medina, Portage, and Stark Counties Because this is where the Ohio Canal reaches its highest point 000000000542899.0000000000542.899 000000000001069.00000000001,069 km² ( 000000000041272.000000000041,272 sq mi) State map highlighting Summit County
Trumbull County 155 Warren July 10, 1800 Jefferson and Wayne Countys Jonathan Trumbull senior (1710–1785), Connecticut Governor 000000000225116.0000000000225.116 000000000001597.00000000001,597 km² ( 000000000061648.000000000061,648 sq mi) State map highlighting Trumbull County
Tuscarawas County 157 New Philadelphia March 15, 1808 Muskingum County Tuscarawas River , "Open Mouth River "
or
Tuscarawas Tribe
000000000090914.000000000090.914 000000000001470.00000000001,470 km² ( 000000000056758.000000000056,758 sq mi) State map highlighting Tuscarawas County
Union County 159 Marysville April 1, 1820 Delaware, Franklin, Logan, and Madison Counties So named because it was merged from four other counties 000000000040909.000000000040,909 000000000001131.00000000001,131 km² ( 000000000043665.000000000043,665 sq mi) State map highlighting Union County
Van Wert County 161 Van worth April 1, 1820 Darke County Isaac Van Wart (1760–1828), who arrested the spy John André during the American Revolutionary War 000000000029659.000000000029,659 000000000001062.00000000001,062 km² ( 000000000041009.000000000041,009 sq mi) State map highlighting Van Wert County
Vinton County 163 McArthur March 23, 1850 Athens, Gallia, Hocking, Jackson, and Ross Countys Samuel Finley Vinton (1792-1862) 000000000012806.000000000012,806 000000000001072.00000000001,072 km² ( 000000000041408.000000000041,408 sq mi) State map highlighting Vinton County
Warren County 165 Lebanon May 1, 1803 Hamilton County General Joseph Warren (1741–1775), officer in the American War of Independence 000000000158383.0000000000158.383 000000000001035.00000000001,035 km² ( 000000000039963.000000000039,963 sq mi) State map highlighting Warren County
Washington County 167 Marietta July 27, 1788 One of the original counties George Washington (1732–1799) 000000000063251.000000000063.251 000000000001645.00000000001,645 km² ( 000000000063515.000000000063,515 sq mi) State map highlighting Washington County
Wayne County 169 Wooster March 1, 1808 From an area not yet allocated General Anthony Wayne (1745–1796), officer in the Revolutionary War 000000000111564.0000000000111,564 000000000001438.00000000001,438 km² ( 000000000055536.000000000055,536 sq mi) State map highlighting Wayne County
Williams County 171 Bryan April 1, 1820 Darke County David Williams (1754-1831) 000000000039188.000000000039,188 000000000001092.00000000001,092 km² ( 000000000042174.000000000042,174 sq mi) State map highlighting Williams County
Wood County 173 Bowling green April 1, 1820 From an area not yet allocated Eleazer D. Wood (1783-1814), founder of Fort Meigs 000000000121065.0000000000121.065 000000000001599.00000000001,599 km² ( 000000000061732.000000000061,732 sq mi) State map highlighting Wood County
Wyandot County 175 Upper Sandusky February 3, 1845 Marion, Crawford, and Hardin Countys Wyandot Indians 000000000022908.000000000022,908 000000000001051.00000000001,051 km² ( 000000000040561.000000000040,561 sq mi) State map highlighting Wyandot County

Ohio counties map.png

Individual evidence

  1. a b EPA County FIPS Code Listing . EPA. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
  2. a b c d NACo - Find a County . Archived from the original on July 12, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2007.
  3. a b Federal Roster: Counties of Ohio, Derivation of Name and Date of erection . Archived from the original on February 28, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2007.
  4. a b Ohio Genealogy Clickable Map County . Archived from the original on June 9, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2007. [no longer available]
  5. ^ The origin of Ohio's country names . rootsweb. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
  6. ^ Resolution of 111th Ohio General Assembly designating John Allen as the person for which Allen County was named
  7. ^ Ashtabula , Encyclopædia Britannica , 2007. Retrieved November 19, 2007
  8. ^ Cuyahoga River , Encyclopædia Britannica , 2007. Retrieved November 19, 2007