Liberec

Reichenberg is a redirect to this article. Further meanings are listed under Reichenberg (disambiguation) .

Liberec
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Historical part of the country :	Bohemia
Region :	Liberecký kraj
District :	Liberec
Area :	10608.7127 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 46 '  N , 15 ° 3'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 45 '52 "  N , 15 ° 2' 49"  E
Height:	374  m nm
Residents :	104,445 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	460 01
License plate :	L.
traffic
Railway connection:	Liberec – Černousy Liberec – Česká Lípa Liberec (–Kořenov) –Harrachov Liberec – Jaroměř Liberec – Zittau
structure
Status:	Statutory city
Districts:	2 city districts 33 districts
administration
Lord Mayor :	Jaroslav Zámečník (as of 2018)
Address:	nám. Dr. Ed. Beneše 1 460 59 Liberec
Municipality number:	563889
Website :	www.liberec.cz

Liberec [ ˈlɪbɛrɛts ] ( pronunciation ^{? / I} ; German Reichenberg ) is a city in the Czech Republic . With around 104,000 inhabitants (as of January 2017) it is the largest and most important city in Northern Bohemia and the administrative seat of the Liberec region .

Geographical location

Jeschken

View of Liberec and the Jizera Mountains from Ještěd

View from the town hall over Liberec and Ještěd

Theater in Liberec

The Wallenstein houses

Reichenberg around 1900

Liberec is located in the north of the Czech Republic, not far from the border triangle with Poland and Germany , in the Reichenberg Basin (Liberecká kotlina) of the Zittau Basin (Czech: Žitavská pánev ), which is bounded by the Jizera Mountains in the northeast and the Jeschken Mountains (in Czech Ještědský hřbet ) in the southwest. The Lusatian Neisse (Lužická Nisa) flows through Liberec, the town's local mountain is the 1012 m high Ještěd (Jeschken) to the southwest .

geology

Most of the Liberec urban area is on a bedrock of granite , of the Giant Mountains -Iser massif (Krkonošsko-jizerský žulový masív) belongs, the main part of the Jizera . In its facial expression, the rock occurs as porphyry , coarse-grained and biotite-containing and medium-grained granite to granodiorite . It originated in carbon . The west of the Neisse urban areas located have a Lössuntergrund , posing as aeolian sediment in the Pleistocene by winds from the more westerly landscapes reflected.

In supraregional contexts, the granite massif is part of the West Sudetic Zone (západosudetská oblast) of the Bohemian massif . The valley of the Lusatian Neisse forms the border to the rocky subsoil from the Silurian and Cambrian , which are covered by the loess deposits.

history

Prehistory and early history

The oldest evidence of the presence of humans in this area is a hatchet blade from the younger Stone Age. It was found near the Neisse near Vratislavice nad Nisou (Maffersdorf).

middle Ages

The area around Reichenberg gained in importance in the 13th century when German settlers opened up the previously barely inhabited area and cleared the forests in the area of ​​the old trade route from the center of Bohemia to the Baltic Sea. The oldest documented settlement in the area, besides the Johanniterkommende von Böhmisch Aicha, is Friedland , from where the princes, to whom Reichenberg, among others, was subordinate, ruled for centuries.

Reichenberg was first mentioned in a document in 1352. At the end of the 14th century it was already well populated. Its first significant owners came from the von Biberstein family .

In the Hussite wars had Hussites its bases against the Catholic in the area around Reichenberg Lusatias . After the end of the wars around 1433 a quiet period of construction began. The German-Czech language border ran almost ten kilometers southwest of the city. With the emergence of newer settlements, the current settlement structure has largely emerged.

16th to 19th century

In the 16th century the city and the surrounding area flourished. The von Redern family , the new ruling dynasty on Friedland, promoted the development of textile production, a good source of income in this harsh area, where not much grows except flax. This is how Northern Bohemia became a center of linen weaving and cloth making . During this time, Reichenberg developed from a village to a larger settlement. In 1577 it was made a city by Emperor Rudolf II and received the city coat of arms, which contains two towers, a wheel (the symbol of the noble von Redern family) and a one-tailed (!) Lion.

After the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, Christoph von Redern was expropriated because he had been on the side of the Protestant opposition to the House of Habsburg . The lands around Reichenberg were awarded to Wallenstein . This ensured that his lands were initially largely spared from the fighting of the Thirty Years' War . He helped the area to a positive economic development, which gave him additional weapons and mercenaries. For the armies set up in this way, he again received new lands. When Wallenstein's property was divided up after his assassination in 1634, the area around Friedland fell to the Italian noble Gallas family and passed to the Clam-Gallas line after their extinction in the male line . In the Thirty Years War Reichenberg and the surrounding area were badly affected by armies passing through. At the beginning of the war when the Counter-Reformation began in Bohemia, many nobles emigrated to the Evangelical-Lutheran Electorate of Saxony , especially from the border area , because they were supposed to accept the Roman Catholic faith publicly in a baptism ceremony in order to keep their property in Bohemia. It took about 70 years for the devastated country to recover from the horrors of the Thirty Years' War, the plague and cholera epidemics. During the Seven Years' War on April 21, 1757, the battle between Prussian and Austrian troops took place near Reichenberg . From 1862 until the end of the Second World War in 1945 there was again a Protestant parish in Reichenberg. German Evangelical Community Reichenberg AB The Edict of Tolerance of Emperor Joseph II of 1781 made it possible to build a church of its own. The faith community of the Old Catholic Church was "tolerated".

From 1619 to October 1939 there was a Jewish community in Reichenberg , which had an early Renaissance synagogue built in Lerchenfeldgasse from 1887 to 1889 , which was opened in 1889 in the presence of the city administration, the military of the Reichenberg garrison and the Roman Catholic and Evangelical Lutheran churches Priests received an ordination. After the Munich Agreement in 1938 and the occupation of the German-speaking areas of Czechoslovakia by troops of the German Reich, the synagogue in Reichenberg was burned down by partisans of National Socialism .

During the period of early capitalism in the 18th century, many handicraft businesses developed into factories . Czechs also came from inland to the industrial areas of the north looking for work. The first evidence of the Czech name of the city of Liberec comes from this period .

Previous foundations by the Reichenberg citizen and businessman Hubert Till and the Prague Archbishop Leopold Chlumčanský enabled the opening of a secondary school in 1837.

In the 19th century, the many rivers in the mountainous area that could now be used as a source of energy encouraged the development of factories. In addition to textile factories, there were soon also those in which machines for textile production were manufactured. With industrialization, a population shift began as a result of the immigration of Czech workers. In 1860 the proportion of the Czech population in Reichenberg was less than one percent; in 1900 it was eight percent.

Weaving company Liebieg & Comp .:

The textile industrial family Liebieg made great contributions to the economic development of Reichenberg . The brothers Franz Liebieg (1799–1878) and Johann Liebieg (1802–1870), who came from Braunau , founded the Gebrüder Liebieg company in 1822 and took over a stately weaving mill in 1828, which they soon expanded into one of the most important weaving companies in Europe delivered to South and Central America. At the end of the 19th century, Liebieg employed almost 3,000 workers, for whom exemplary social welfare institutions were in place. The garden housing estate was built according to plans by the Nuremberg architect Jakob Schmeißner . Liebieg made the building site available for 150 workers' houses free of charge and also granted cheap loans. A company crèche has been set up to accommodate the children of the employees. The Liebieg-Werke were the largest company in the Danube Monarchy and until 1938 the largest textile company in Czechoslovakia.

In addition to their social commitment, the family members also enriched the cultural life of the city and the region. Johann's son Heinrich had a wide-ranging art collection from which today's Oblastní gallery emerged .

20th and 21st centuries

Town Hall (2018)

City map of Reichenberg (ca.1900)

City map of Reichenberg from the period 1929–1932, with a listing of street names and tram lines

At the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, Reichenberg was the second largest city in Bohemia. Entrepreneurs had magnificent villas built, and a new town hall was built between 1888 and 1893 according to plans by Franz von Neumann . Its resemblance to the Vienna City Hall has earned the city the nickname “Vienna of the North”.

The First World War brought an abrupt end to the city's “golden age”. Since Reichenberg had no heavy industry, the war brought him no economic advantages either. During the war, a large part of the population in the densely populated but not very fertile area went hungry.

In November 1918, Reichenberg was the capital of the German-Austrian province of German Bohemia for a few weeks . The state government under Rudolf Lodgman von Auen had its seat here. However, the Czech military began occupying the German-speaking border area in the first days of November . A peaceful demonstration by the Reichenberg population against the threatened occupation on December 8, 1918 was ineffective: on December 15, at 5 a.m., several hundred Czech soldiers from the 36th Infantry Regiment from Mladá Boleslav occupied the city. The state government had fled to Saxony via Friedland a few days earlier.

Establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic

After the First World War , the Treaty of Saint-Germain was dictated to Austria-Hungary . The right of self-determination of the German-speaking population in the Sudetenland ( German Bohemia and German Moravians ), who founded the independent provinces of German Bohemia and Sudetenland in October 1918 , was not taken into account. The Czechoslovakia was founded. The industry thus lost its markets in Austria , Hungary and Yugoslavia . Reichenberg was still able to recover in the 1920s. The Czech population, which was still very small around 1900, increased noticeably. In the 1930 census, 85,526 claimed to be Germans and 18,958 to be Czechs in the Reichenberg district .

The Great Depression in 1929, increasing National Socialist propaganda from Germany and the centralistic politics of Czechoslovakia, which aimed to Czechize the mostly German-speaking Reichenberg, led to political conflicts.

According to the Munich Agreement , German troops occupied the city from October 1 to October 10, 1938. With its former German-Austrian name Reichenberg, it initially still belonged to the political district of Reichenberg . On November 20, 1938, Reichenberg was raised to an independent urban district and administered according to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935. The following day the city was formally incorporated into the German Empire . From April 15, 1939, the law on the structure of the administration in the Reichsgau Sudetenland (Sudetengaugesetz) came into force . Then Reichenberg came to the Reichsgau Sudetenland and was assigned to the new administrative district of Aussig . The city was the capital of the Reichsgau and later received the official name Gauhauptstadt . Eduard Josef Rohn (1880–1947) was the last German mayor of Reichenberg from 1939 to 1945.

On May 1, 1939, the communities Alt Harzdorf , Alt Paulsdorf, Franzendorf , Johannesthal, Neu Paulsdorf, Nieder Hanichen, Ober Rosenthal, Röchlitz Rosenthal I and Ruppersdorf from the Reichenberg district were incorporated into the town, which formed its own urban district.

Since May 1945 the city of Liberec has belonged to the re-established Czechoslovakia .

Expulsion of the Germans

→ Main article : Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia

Since May 1945, the resident German-speaking population , with the exception of a few people classified as "anti-fascists", has been expropriated and driven across the borders. Others fled abuse and deportation to assembly camps, leaving their property behind. The private and public property of the German and Hungarian population in Czechoslovakia was confiscated by Beneš Decree 108 , the assets of the Evangelical Church were liquidated by Beneš Decree  131 , and the Catholic Churches were expropriated during the communist era .

The sponsorship for the expellees from Reichenberg took over 1955 Augsburg , where a memory archive was set up in the Heimatstube Reichenberg and the "Heimatkreis Reichenberg - Stadt und Land e. V. ”in Augsburg with its initiatives in 2001 led to the city partnership Augsburg and Liberec in the Czech Republic. The Reichenberger Zeitung , the “Jeschken-Iser Jahrbuch” and the “Reichenberg Heimatblatt” published by Helmut Preissler Verlag in Nuremberg promote this unified partnership in the interests of a united Europe.

In 1930 the city had 38,568 (30,023 Germans, 6,314 Czechs, 1,924 foreigners, 307 others), and on May 17, 1939 69,195 inhabitants.

In 1947 Liberec had 52,798 inhabitants. Numerous new citizens from Central Bohemia, Slovakia, so-called repatriants and Roma settled in Liberec and the neighboring towns in the post-war period.

From 1968

During the crackdown on the Prague Spring by troops of the Eastern Bloc , there were fatalities among the local population in Liberec on August 21, 1968 when they demonstrated against the Soviet occupation forces and fire was opened from an armored personnel carrier on the people gathered in front of the town hall. A memorial plaque with nine links of an armored chain on the front of the town hall today commemorates the dead. The demonstrators offered essentially non-violent resistance. B. gaps in the marching columns of the occupation troops to divert the tank convoys in the wrong directions at intersections in the city and the surrounding area, so that they lose their orientation. As a result, many street signs in downtown Liberec were replaced on August 23, 1968. Almost every street was now called “Dubčekova ulice” - also to show the solidarity with party leader Alexander Dubček . At the top of the town hall tower, climbers unfolded a large black flag. Memories of the novel The good soldier Schwejk by Jaroslav Hašek should be awakened.

After the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the city of Liberec began to reorient. Investors showed interest in rebuilding. The historic center of the city was renovated and the infrastructure improved. The old meter-gauge tram was converted to the standard gauge (partly with a three-rail track ). However, the textile factory Textilana fell victim to the tougher competitive conditions and was almost completely demolished in 2004/2005. An important branch of industry is now the LIAZ plant - Liberecké automobilové závody ( Škoda truck).

Liberec hosted the Nordic World Ski Championships in 2009 and prevailed against rival Oslo in the application phase .

Demographics

Until 1945 Reichenberg was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945

year	Residents	Remarks
1827	10,232	almost exclusively German Catholics, including foreigners approx. 13,000 inhabitants
1830	10,435	in 1,377 houses (without the suburb Christianstadt 9,862 inhabitants in 1,288 houses)
1869	22,394
1880	28,090
1890	30,890
1900	34,099	(with the garrison: 1,518 men) mostly German residents (1,557 Czechs)
1921	36,350
1930	38,568	thereof 30,032 Germans, 6,314 Czechs, 1,924 foreigners and 307 others
1939	69.195	on May 17, 1939

Population development since the end of the Second World War

1950	1961	1970	1980	1991	2001	2011
56,898	66,297	72,303	97,474	101,967	99.102	102,247

name of the city

The place Reichenberg was mentioned as early as 1352 with the name Reychinberch , later it was called:

• from 1369 Reychmberg
• 1385-99 Reichenberg
• 1410 Rychmberg
• 1545 Rychberg
• 1634 Libercum
• 1790 Reichenberg , Liber, formerly also called Habersdorf ; Liberk
• 1834 Reichenberg (Bohemian Liberk)
• 1845 Liberec
• 1945 Liberk , Liberec

The name Richenberg changed to Reichenberg . In Czech it was still in the old form with Rich - and was also severely shortened in Richberk , Riberk . And it is precisely from this form that the Czech name Liberk emerged through the dissimilation of rr> lr, compare Czech: legrace (German: fun, pastime, relaxation ) from Latin recreatio , Czech: lejstro (German: writing, list ) from rejstro .

The name Reichenberg originated from the term place (village) on the rich mountains . The meaning of both articles leads to the interpretation that here was a mountain that was richly mined. However, there is no historical source of significant mining in the immediate vicinity. The name Reichenberg can either be explained as a desired name - the founders would have wished that the new place on this mountain would one day get rich - or the name Reichenberg was already brought with them by the new settlers who moved here from somewhere in Germany .

Incorporations

After the incorporation of five places in the immediate vicinity of the city in 1939, a further 11 villages were added to the city of Liberec in 1954 (4), 1963 (2), and 1976 (5).

In 1980 Kunratice, Vratislavice nad Nisou , Krásná Studánka, Radčice, Machnín, Bedřichovka and Karlov pod Ještědem were incorporated. In 1986 Dlouhý Most , Jeřmanice and Šimonovice came to Liberec, but all three municipalities have been independent again since 1990.

City structure

The city of Liberec consists of the city districts Liberec and Liberec-Vratislavice nad Nisou (Maffersdorf) , 33 districts and 90 basic settlement units. The urban area is divided into 26 cadastral districts.

Liberec district

The Liberec district consists of the 32 districts Liberec I - Staré Město, Liberec II - Nové Město, Liberec III - Jeřáb, Liberec IV - Perštýn (Birgstein) , Liberec V - Kristiánov (Christianstadt) , Liberec VI - Rochlice (Röchlitz) , Liberec VII - Horní Růžodol (Ober Rosenthal) , Liberec VIII - Dolní Hanychov (Nieder Hanichen) , Liberec IX - Janův Důl (Johannesthal) , Liberec X - Františkov (Franzendorf) , Liberec XI - Růžodol I (Rosenthal) , Liberec XII - Staré Pavlovice (Alt Paulsdorf) , Liberec XIII - Nové Pavlovice (Neu Paulsdorf , also Neupaulsdorf) , Liberec XIV - Ruprechtice (Ruppersdorf) , Liberec XV - Starý Harcov (Alt Harzdorf) , Liberec XVI - Nový Harcov (New Harzdorf) , Liberec XVII - Kateřinky (Katharinberg) , Liberec XVIII - Karlinky (Karolinsfeld) , Liberec XIX - Horní Hanychov (Ober Hanichen) , Liberec XX - Ostašov (Berzdorf) , Liberec XXI - Rudolfov (Rudolfsthal) , Liberec XXII - Horní Suchá (Ober Berzdorf) , Liberec XXIII - Doubí (Eichicht) , Liberec XXIV - Pilink ov (Heinersdorf a. Jeschken) , Liberec XXV - Vesec (Dörfel) , Liberec XXVIII - Hluboká (Lubokey) , Liberec XXIX - Kunratice (Kunnersdorf) , Liberec XXXI - Krásná Studánka (Schönborn) , Liberec XXXII - Radčice (Ratschendorf) , Liberec XXXIII - Machnín ( Machnín ) ) , Liberec XXXIV - Bedřichovka (Friedrichshain) and Liberec XXXV - Karlov pod Ještědem (Karlswald) .

The 80 basic settlement units are Aloisina výšina ( Aloisienhöhe ), Bedřichovka, Broumovská, Černá hora, Čisticí stanice, Doubí, Doubí-průmyslová zóna, Františkov, Hanychov, Hubanychov-průmyslováchov, Hubanychov-průmyslový obvod, Hůmyslový obvod, Harcov I, Hornčovž II, Hulcokovž II, Harcovůž Hornůí Hornůž Hornů Horní Růžodol-západ, Horní Suchá, Horská, Hradební, Husova, Janův Důl, Janův Důl-zaertrí, Javorová, Jeřáb, Ještěd ( Jeschken ), K Dlouhému Mostu, Karlinky, Karlov pod Ještěch, Kreiláůváinsky, Keiláůváinsk háj, Krásná Studánka, Kristiánov, Kunratice, Kunratická, Letiště, Liberec-střed, Lidové sady, Lomy, Machnín, Malé Doubí ( Kleineichicht ), Nádraží, Nemocnice, Nerudovo náměstí, Novstaé Pavlovov, Perš, Otýněstí, Novstaé Pavlovice, Otýncovín nádražím, Pod Novou Rudou, Průmyslový obvod-u Ostašova, Radčice, Rochlice-jih, Rochlice-průmyslový obvod, Rochlice-sever, Rochlice-střed, Rochlice-západ, Rudolfov, Ruprechtice-jih, Ruprechtice-sever I, Růžodolice , Staré Pavlovice-sever, Staré Pavlovice-východ, Sta rý Harcov, Špičák, U Janova Dolu, U jezírka, U Nisy-jih, U Nisy-sever, U Nisy-střed, U skládky, Vesec, Vysoká škola, Výstaviště, Wolkerova, Zelené údolí and Žižkovo. náměstě.

Its territory is divided into the 25 cadastral districts of Dolní Hanychov, Doubí u Liberce, Františkov u Liberce, Hluboká u Liberce, Horní Hanychov, Horní Růžodol, Horní Suchá u Liberce, Janův Důl u Liberce, Karlinky, Kateřinky u Liberce, Krásná Studánice Liberce, Liberec, Machnín, Nové Pavlovice, Ostašov u Liberce, Pilínkov, Radčice u Krásné Studánky, Rochlice u Liberce, Rudolfov, Ruprechtice, Růžodol I, Staré Pavlovice, Starý Harcov and Vesec u Liberce.

Liberec-Vratislavice nad Nisou district

→ Main article : Vratislavice nad Nisou

The city district Liberec-Vratislavice nad Nisou forms both a district and a cadastral district. It is divided into ten basic housing units.

traffic

Standard gauge tram on three-rail track in Liberec

Liberec is located on the European route 442 , which is developed as a motorway-like expressway towards Prague . To the north, the road goes in the direction of Görlitz and Ústí nad Labem . In Germany the federal highway 178n is built, which connects Liberec, Zittau and Löbau to the federal highway 4 . For Liberec, this road, which extends Rychlostní silnice 35 , improves connections to the north and west.

The Liberec train station is located near railroad tracks to Kořenov , Zawidów , Řetenice , Pardubice and Zittau . From this station there are direct trains to Ústí nad Labem, Pardubice, Dresden , Zittau , Rybniště and Seifhennersdorf .

Local public transport is carried out by the Liberec public transport company , which also operates four tram lines on a standard-gauge and a meter -gauge route , including the meter-gauge regional tram to the neighboring Jablonec nad Nisou . A section of the standard-gauge line is equipped with a third rail so that meter-gauge vehicles can also travel here.

Educational institutions

The city is the seat of the Technical University in Liberec . The history of the university goes back to the University of Mechanical Engineering founded in 1953. The university participates in the Neisse University network and in the Zittau International University Institute .

Churches

• Archdeanate Church of St. Anthony the Great. Marco Spazzi from Lanzo, Val d'Intelvi (I) built the three-nave church in the years 1579–1588 instead of a wooden church. In the 1880s, modifications to a pseudo-Gothic appearance took place. This includes, among other things, raising the tower to 70 meters.
• Church of the Holy Cross. From a 17th century cemetery chapel, JJ Kunze created a baroque building from 1753–1761. The interior is richly decorated in the baroque style. The painting with a depiction of Anna the third of herself on the first altar on the left is attributed to Albrecht Dürer . Today Christians of the Czech Greek Catholic Church ( Apostolic Exarchate of the Czech Republic ) celebrate their services here.
• Church of the Bohemian Brethren. After 1945 a parish was established that belongs to the Evangelical Church of the Bohemian Brethren . At first she owned a prayer house. A real church should be built, but this was forbidden during the socialist era. It was not until mid-1989 that the community was able to buy a villa on Puchmaier-Strasse that had three floors, a roof terrace and a tower. This tower gave the architect Pavel Vaněček the opportunity to build both the extension of the chapel and the other rooms in a square style. Since 1996, visitors to the church have noticed three towers: The entrance hall is located under the lowest tower, the altar, ambo and cross under the middle tower and a meditation room is located in the third, original tower. A classical organ is planned; an electronic organ is currently still replacing its playing. Both the altar and the cross are made of oak and are made by the sculptor Jiří Seifert .
• Church of St. John the Baptist in the Rochlice district.
• Church of St. John of Nepomuk in the Janův Důl district.
• Church of St. Vincent de Paul in the Perštýn district. It was built in the years 1884–87.
• Church of St. Maria Magdalena in Jungmannstrasse. Built as a neo-baroque church, however, it was not completed until 1911.
• Jubilee Church of the Virgin Mary "U Obrázku" in the Ruprechtice district. It was built in Art Nouveau in 1907 on a hundred-year-old fountain at a place of pilgrimage.
• Church of St. Anthony of Padua in the Ruprechtice district.

synagogue

Synagogue and library
under reconciliation building

A synagogue built in the neo-renaissance style according to the project of the Viennese university professor Karl König between 1887 and 1889 was inaugurated on September 24, 1889 in the presence of councilors, the army and Protestant and Catholic dignitaries. It was burned down during the German occupation, and a parking lot was built in its place after the Second World War. On November 9, 2000, on the 62nd day of remembrance of the November pogroms in 1938 , the so-called “ Building of Reconciliation ” with a triangular floor plan was opened on the site of the destroyed synagogue. It houses the new synagogue and a library.

Attractions

Liberec City Hall

lock

• The town hall was built by the Viennese architect Franz von Neumann in neo-renaissance style. The main tower, completed in 1891, is a striking landmark of the city. The building has some architectural analogies to the Vienna City Hall .
• The FX Šalda-Theater , formerly Reichenberg City Theater , designed by the Viennese architects Fellner and Hellmer , contains important ceiling paintings and a theater curtain by the Ernst and Gustav Klimt brothers and their school colleague Franz Matsch , who worked together in a painting company.
• The Wallenstein houses were built as a half-timbered ensemble at the end of the 17th century.
• The North Bohemian Museum houses exhibitions on handicrafts, regional archeology, local history and natural history; the building was erected as a commercial museum in 1897/1898 by the Berlin architect Hans Grisebach , who took over elements of a design by the originally commissioned Viennese architect Friedrich Ohmann .
• The Liberec Castle was by the brothers Christopher and Melchior of Rederns built 1585-1587 and received its current appearance 1785/1786.
• In 2000 the Scientific Library in Liberec was reopened as the “Building of Reconciliation”.
• The Liebieg Villa , which was built in 1871/1872 by Johann Liebieg jun., Son of the founder of the Reichenberg textile factory, houses the 'Regional Gallery'.
• The Villa Stroß , Husova 64, is one of the most important buildings of the early 20th century in the region. It was built in 1924/1925 by the architect Thilo Schoder for the textile manufacturer Franz Stroß. Because of the unusual, staggered structure with its rounded corners, the building was popularly referred to as the “Nile steamer”.
• The crematorium on the Monstranzberg was built between 1915 and 1917 based on a design by the Dresden architect Rudolf Bitzan . It was the first crematorium on the territory of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and the building permit was obtained from the Administrative Court in 1912. The first cremation took place on October 31, 1918, after the collapse of the monarchy.
• The Liberec Zoo was founded in 1919 and today extends over an area of ​​13 hectares.
• The modern botanical garden , the origin of which goes back to a Reichenberg citizens' association and which is the oldest institution of its kind in the Czech Republic.
• The Science Center iQLANDIA with a 3D planetarium was opened in 2014. An exhibition is dedicated to “Czech inventions that conquered the world”.

tourism

The Eisenach – Budapest mountain hiking trail and a valley section of the Oder-Neisse cycle path run through Liberec .

Sports

Logo with Ještěd

The first division soccer club Slovan Liberec is at home in Liberec . The club has celebrated national successes since 2000, when it won the traditional cup competition . In 2002, the first non-Prague team to win the new Czech championship competition . Further championship titles followed in 2006 and 2012.

The Bilí Tygři (literally translated White Tigers ) play in the first Czech ice hockey league ( Extraliga ). The team's name is derived from the white tigers in the local zoo, which are known nationwide.

The 47th Nordic World Ski Championships took place from February 18 to March 1, 2009 in Liberec.

The European Youth Olympic Winter Festival took place in Liberec from February 12 to 19, 2011 .

Town twinning

• Augsburg , Germany, since 2001
• Zittau , Germany
• Nahariya , Israel
• Amiens , France
• Amersfoort , Netherlands

See also the international partnership of the Reichenberg region , of which Liberec is the capital.

Personalities

Well-known personalities of the city are included in the list of personalities of the city of Liberec and honorary citizens in the list of honorary citizens of Liberec .

literature

Chronologically. Newest first.

• Isa Engelmann: Reichenberg and its Jewish citizens. On the history of a once German city in Bohemia. 2012, ISBN 978-3-643-11737-3 .
• Evangelical Church of the Bohemian Brothers (ed.): On the trail of Reformation sites in the Czech Republic. Praha 2011, ISBN 978-80-87098-19-6 .
• Marek Řeháček: Reichenberg in Bohemia. A tourist guide to the city and its surroundings. Kalendář Liberecká Publishing House, 2008.
• Viktor Velek: Reichenberg. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7001-3046-5 .
• Marek Řeháček: The Jizera Mountains. Hiking guide through the mountains and its surroundings. First edition published by Kalendář Liberecka, 2003.
• Reichenberg. Stadt und Land im Neißetal - A Heimatbuch , edited by Randolf Gränzer with the participation of numerous friends of the homeland, published by Heimatkreis Reichenberg in Augsburg in 1974.
• Joseph Gottfried Herrmann: History of the city of Reichenberg. Volume 1, Reichenberg 1863, digitized
• The historical development of Reichenberg . In: Album for the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Oberrealschule in Reichenberg (edited by the teaching staff), Reichenberg 1862, pp. 17-29.
• Carl Joseph Czoernig: Topographical-historical-statistical description of Reichenberg. In addition to an appendix containing the description of Gablonz . Vienna 1829 ( e-copy ).

Web links

Commons : Liberec  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Liberec  - travel guide

Wiktionary: Liberec  - explanations of meanings, origins of words, synonyms, translations

• City website (Czech, German)
• Association of the German Region Reichenberg

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/563889/Liberec
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ^ J. Chaloupský (ed.): Geologická mapa ČR, List 03-14 Liberec . Praha (UUG) 1988, call number 29, 30, 33, 36, 39.
4. ^ Ivo Chlupáč et al .: Geologická minulost České Republiky . Praha (Academia) 2002. pp. 15-17, ISBN 80-200-0914-0 .
5. ^ Album for the twenty-fifth jubilee of the secondary school in Reichenberg (edited by the teaching staff), Reichenberg 1862, e-copy
6. ^ Entry on Schmeißner in the historical directory of architects by U. Bücholt .
7. ↑ Liebieg, from. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , pp. 492-497 ( digitized version ).
8. ^ ^{A b c} Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland Lexikon Volume 4, page 364. Adam Kraft Verlag, 1985. ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 .
9. ^ Carl Joseph Czoernig: Topographical-historical-statistical description of Reichenberg. In addition to an appendix containing the description of Gablonz . Vienna 1829, p. 18 .
10. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 195, point 4) below.
11. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Bunzlauer Kreis , Prague 1834, p. 293, paragraph 1.
12. ↑ ^{a b c d} Ernst Pfohl: Ortlexikon Sudetenland. Helmut Preußler Verlag-Nürnberg. 1987. ISBN 3-925362-47-9
13. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 16, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon. Volume 16, p. 728 .
14. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. City and district of Reichenberg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
15. ↑ Český statistický úřad (ed.): Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2005 . tape I , 2006, ISBN 80-250-1311-1 , pp. 51–54 ( czso.cz [PDF]).
16. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/mestske-casti-obec/563889/Obec-Liberec
17. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-mc/556904/Obec-Liberec-(neclenene-mesto)
18. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-mc/556904/Zakladni-sidelni-jednotky-Liberec-(neclenene-mesto)
19. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-mc/556904/Katastralni-uzemi-Liberec-(neclenene-mesto)
20. ↑ Hubertus Adam: A Nile steamer in Bohemia. (Nextroom architecture database)
21. ↑ "... On the last weekend of March 2014, a new, ultra-modern science center iQLANDIA was ceremoniously opened in Liberec ..." @ czechtourism.com; Planetarium… @ iqlandia.cz, accessed February 15, 2015
22. ↑ Czech traces in the world or Czech inventions that conquered the world ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @ iqlandia.cz, accessed February 15, 2015 
23. ↑ Slovan Liberec is not an association , but a joint stock company .