Asterix

Comic
title	Asterix
Original title	Asterix

country	France
author	René Goscinny (# 1–24) Albert Uderzo (# 25–34) Jean-Yves Ferri (# 35–)
Illustrator	Albert Uderzo (# 1–34) Didier Conrad (# 35–)
publishing company	Dargaud Hachette Livre
magazine	Pilote (1959-1974)
First publication	1961 - ...
expenditure	38

Mural of the main characters in Brussels

René Goscinny , author of Asterix (1971)

Albert Uderzo , draftsman and co-author of Asterix (2005)

Asterix (in the original: Astérix ) is the most successful French comic series created in 1959 by author René Goscinny (1926–1977) and draftsman Albert Uderzo (1927–2020) .

The main characters are the eponymous hero, his friend Obelix and other residents of a small village in Gaul around 50 BC. Chr. Using a magic potion of their druids gives Miraculix, the superhuman strength, they make the Roman conquerors resistance. Her adventures lead her through the entire ancient world and beyond. Thanks to a combination of subtle, satirical humor with gross slapstick, Asterix appeals to a wide readership of all ages and social classes. The comic series is one of the few that is used in school, especially in teaching French , Latin and Ancient Greek foreign languages .

After the death of René Goscinny, Albert Uderzo also took on the role of author from volume 25 ( The Great Ditch ) to volume 34 ( Asterix & Obelix celebrate their birthday ) . Since volume 35 ( Asterix at the Picts ) the series has been designed by Didier Conrad as draftsman and Jean-Yves Ferri as copywriter. The stories originally appeared in sequels in the comic magazine Pilote and in album form in the Dargaud publishing house . Today the albums are published in the original French by Hachette Livre and in a German translation by Egmont Ehapa Media . So far, the series comprises a total of 38 albums. With the exception of episode volumes 32 ( Asterix chatting from school ) and 34, each one tells a self-contained story. In addition, several short stories have appeared over the years. Several adventures were filmed .

The names "Asterix" and "Obelix" are derived from the typographical characters Asterisk ('*', Greek ἀστερίσκος , asterískos = 'star') and Obeliscus ('†', Greek ὀβελίσκος , obeliskos = 'little skewer').

content

According to the introduction, the stories all take place around the year 50 BC. Chr. In Gaul , now France . The protagonists live in a small, fictional coastal village in Aremorica (today's Brittany ) in northwest Gaul near Condate ( Rennes ). Asterix and the other villagers receive superhuman strength from a magic potion brewed by the druid Miraculix and, under his influence, can withstand the Roman army, which is threatening the village from the four fortified camps Kleinbonum , Babaorum , Aquarium and Laudanum . The village remains the only place in Gaul that could not be conquered and occupied by the Romans under the leadership of Julius Caesar during the Gallic War . Shortly before, 52 BC. BC, the painful defeat of the Gauls under their leader Vercingetorix against Caesar occurred near Alesia , which became a taboo subject among the Gauls.

Asterix, who is a warrior by profession, is characterized by his special cleverness. With its small size and slim figure, at least outwardly, he represents a counterpoint to the heroes otherwise usual in the comic world . The contrast to him is his thickest friend, the tall and strong, but sensitive and simply knitted Obelix, Asterix's companion on all adventures. The two are usually accompanied by Obelix 'little dog Idefix (first appearance in the 5th volume Tour de France ), occasionally also by other villagers, such as Chief Majestix, Druid Miraculix or Bard Troubadix.

The stories take place, mostly alternately, either in the immediate vicinity of the Gauls village or on trips to countries that were known to them at the time, and in more recent volumes also unknown to them. The adventures in the village mostly revolve around the always unsuccessful attempts of the Roman army to finally subjugate the village with ever new ideas; but occasionally Romans also try to use the village for their political ambitions. The stories in the village are triggered in particular by the appearance of strangers who upset the Gauls. In the other stories, Asterix and Obelix end up in the distance, often on behalf of Majestix or Miraculix, where they are supposed to assist other endangered places, for example.

characters

In addition to Asterix, Obelix and his dog Idefix, the chief of the village, Majestix, the druid Miraculix and the bard Troubadix are presented as main characters in the opening credits of each album. Over time, other villagers have established themselves as permanent characters in the series, including Majestix's wife Gutemine, the blacksmith Automatix, the fishmonger Verleihnix and his wife Jellosubmarine, and the ancient Methusalix and his very young wife. The Gauls' recurring opponents include Julius Caesar and a gang of pirates whose ship is regularly sunk.

Location

The Gallic village under supervision (reduced model from the Roman Museum in Haltern am See )

The Gallic village in a detailed supervision

Gallic village as seen from the entrance

The fictional home village of Asterix has no name, it is simply referred to, if at all, as the "little Gallic village". When choosing the location, Goscinny dictated the proximity to the coast, as the Gauls were often supposed to travel by ship. Uderzo chose Brittany because he had stayed there temporarily during the Second World War and therefore knew the localities and the landscape. In the Asterix volumes, this coastal land is called Aremorica , as it was in Caesar's time . However, the authors never specified the location of the village more precisely; they did not have a specific location in mind for the drawings. In the views of the village shown, it is mostly near a cliff on a beach with offshore islands. A stream runs through it, and Obelix uses individual rocks near the shore for the production of menhirs . Erquy in the Côtes-d'Armor department is often mentioned as a possible location , but this contradicts some of the plans for the village in the albums. Based on this and the local conditions, the place Le Moulin de la Rive in the Finistère department west of Locquirec was named. An indication of the approximate localization of the place are the various map excerpts that appear in several places within the volumes, for example in Volume XIV, p. 27. Accordingly, the village must lie between the places Saint-Pol-de-Léon and Plouescat , because the Asterix boat leaves from this stretch of coast in the map section. The film Asterix and the Vikings shows the village on the coast of Penvénan, also in the Côtes-d'Armor department, but far west of Erquy.

The views of the village depicted in the stories are also inconsistent (number of houses, approx. 20, changes, they change their position, etc.). However, the chief's hut decorated with trophies, the smithy, the fish shop, the tree house and the dovecote in front of the druid's hut are always shown. The agricultural areas shown in the village, which is completely surrounded by forests, are also comparatively small, as the authors erroneously assumed that the Gauls lived primarily from hunting and not from agriculture.

Special features and interpretations

The Asterix stories describe the world at the time of the Imperium Romanum with an accuracy that shows that the authors were prepared accordingly. But there are also a number of unintended or accepted errors and anachronisms , e.g. B. the cityscape of Rome and the legionnaires' armor date from a time well over 100 years later; Moreover, the legionnaires' tunics were not green, but white for soldiers and red for centurions . Allusions to modern ideas or objects, on the other hand, are consciously introduced as a humorous element. In addition, the stories live from the satirical exaggeration of common social clichés, especially in connection with gender roles, the generation conflict and the conflict between rural and urban populations, provinces and ( centralized ) metropolises . Business conduct, incumbent behavior, military stupidity and other mostly modern problems are also caricatured. In particular, the Romans are not intended to be a caricature of the Italians, but rather represent the dispute between the Latin and Gallic roots of today's French. A Gallic / French laissez-faire is opposed to the Roman sense of order and bureaucracy . At the same time, the Gauls use and enjoy the achievements of Roman culture such as the road network and sometimes the bathing facilities .

Anachronisms also play an essential role in the encounters between Asterix and Obelix with representatives of other peoples, whose current specific peculiarities and respective cultures are parodied from the French point of view - at the same time with the clichés contained in this point of view. The British look after every single blade of grass on their "English" lawn, cultivate an unusual eating culture and drink their cup of hot water with milk at 5 p.m. punctually (tea leaves are only introduced by Asterix as a culture bringer). The Goths (as an image of the Germans), whose speech bubble texts are in Gothic script , appear as contentious militarists with spiked hats in the shape of steel helmets , the Normans as fearless warriors who drink calvados from skulls and prepare all dishes à la crème . With the Helvetians as the ancestors of the Swiss, the Gauls encounter meticulously accurate watches, extremely cleanliness, safe deposit boxes and cheese fondue.

The endings of the (male) names, which indicate the ethnic affiliation, are characteristic of the international character staff of the series. So "-ix" stands for all Gauls (derived from Vercingetorix and other contemporary Gallic chiefs, whose ending "-rix" means "king" in Celtic); Belgians are also a Gallic people according to Caesar's book On the Gallic War , although they are of great value based on their Germanic ancestry), "-ax" for British, "-ik" or "-ich" for Goths, "-af" for Normans, "-is" for Egyptians, "-us" for Romans, "-os ”Or“ -as ”for Greeks,“ -ah ”for Indian, while the names of the Picts all begin with“ Mac ”. The names of the Gallic women mostly end in "-ine" in the French original and in the German translation. Roman and Corsican women's names end in "-a". These endings can be found - as far as linguistically possible - in the translations of the albums. The names are regularly "speaking" names with allusions to the peculiarities of the name bearer and puns, especially by including the characteristic endings (e.g. the Egyptian architect Numerobis in Asterix and Cleopatra , from French numéro to "number two", which is in Meaning of "secondary, secondary" alludes to his professional incapacity).

The original French version contains a large number of allusions, barely recognizable to us today, to the political events of France at the time the stories were written. Asterix was always considered a political satire, even if this did not correspond to the self-image of the authors. The basic idea of the Asterix stories, the successful battle of David against Goliath , is sometimes interpreted to mean that the indomitable village symbolizes the Resistance , while the Roman Empire stands for the German invaders. This becomes particularly clear in the volume Tour de France , in which " resistance groups " in the various cities help the Gauls Asterix and Obelix persecuted by the Romans. This aspect is also symbolically expressed in the story of the village rooster fighting the (imperial) eagle. Other interpretations assume the authors have Gaullist tendencies. Both authors have always denied any political ulterior motive and emphasized that they only want to entertain. First and foremost, it is not the other peoples that are parodied, but the French prejudices about them. The whole life circumstances of the normal French are the target of the joke. Both authors have a migration background , and Goscinny himself lived abroad for a long time; therefore they are particularly aware of the French peculiarities.

Latin quotes

Figures often use Latin quotations, the old pirate most frequently. These Latin quotations are not translated into footnotes in the French edition, unlike editions in other languages.

Allusions to works of art

Evariste-Vital Luminais (1821–1896) Gothic paintings were very popular in France and are a possible model

In Asterix with the Belgians , the final banquet with the Belgians is shown on the penultimate page. This picture is in its entirety an allusion to the painting Peasant Wedding by Pieter Brueghel .
Also in Asterix with the Belgians , a little boy named Mannekenpix appears and has an urgent need - a caricature of Manneken Pis in Brussels.
In Asterix as legionnaire the pirates form according to the obligatory shipwreck on a wreck part of a panel, which the raft of the Medusa by Theodore Géricault corresponds. In the French original edition, the captain also says: “ Je suis médusé ” (German: “I am petrified”).
The poses assumed by one of the slaves offered by Tifus in The Laurels of Caesar are borrowed from famous ancient and modern sculptures: the Discus Thrower from Myron , the Laocoon from the Laocoon group (now in the Vatican Collections) and the Thinker from Rodin .
In The Seer is The Anatomy of Dr. Tulp caricatured by Rembrandt van Rijn while reading a fish.
In The Great Crossing , Asterix mounts a pedestal-like boulder on a small island off the coast to attract the attention of a passing ship. He holds a bundle of parchment in his left hand and a raised torch in his right. This composition alludes to the Statue of Liberty .
In the Great Divide of the Sun King is the painting of Louis XIV. By Hyacinthe Rigaud alluded as the Gallic chief Grobianix the words "The village I am" used, which alludes to the statement of Louis' 'm The state I "is.
In Asterix & Obelix celebrating their birthday , the Gauls visit a museum in which caricatures of famous works by Leonardo da Vinci , Eugène Delacroix , Gustave Courbet , Giuseppe Arcimboldo , Édouard Manet , Edvard Munch , Auguste Rodin and Jacques-Louis David can be seen. You can also find images in the comic that are reminiscent of album covers by the Beatles , Madness and Michael Jackson .
In Asterix and Cleopatra alluded to the broken nose of the Sphinx of Giza , the Obelix breaks while climbing up.
In Asterix at the Olympic Games , the blacksmith Automatix is portrayed by a Greek artist. In the foreground is the bowl of the Oedipus painter (around 480 BC) with the depiction of Oedipus in front of the riddle-singing Sphinx. In the next picture the Gauls are standing in front of the statue of Athena Nike .
in Asterix in Italy is to see one looking out of a window woman who looks like the Mona Lisa in their picture frames.

Caricatures of well-known personalities and allusions to other comic series

The authors often caricature well-known actors in their characters, and there are also allusions to or guest appearances from other comic series.

In The Golden Sickle , a charioteer can be seen at the race in Le Mans, reminiscent of the draftsman Jean Graton , the creator of the comics about the racing driver Michel Vaillant . The prefect Gracchus Überdrus bears the features of the British-American actor and director Charles Laughton , who plays the tribune Sempronius Gracchus in the film Spartacus .

In Asterix with the Belgians , the two detectives Schulze & Schultze from the comic series Tintin and Struppi have a guest appearance. A reference to Tim himself is the quiff of the Belgian Mannekenpix in the album Asterix as a legionnaire . In addition, the Belgian Tour de France winner Eddy Merckx is portrayed in the Asterix volume with the Belgians under the caption “Man sends messengers out”.

In Asterix with the British , four singers appear who represent the Beatles (surrounded by hysterical female fans as an allusion to Beatlemania ).

In Asterix in Spain have Don Quixote and Sancho Panza a guest appearance.

The centurion Aerobus in the album Streit um Asterix is a caricature by the Italian-French actor Lino Ventura .

Two Roman legionaries appear in Obelix GmbH & Co. KG who are reminiscent of Laurel and Hardy . The figure of the technocrat appearing in the same volume was created based on the then French Prime Minister and later President Jacques Chirac .

The tax collector in Asterix und der Kupferkessel (p. 43/44) , who loves forms , is a caricature of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing , who was French finance minister at the time of the publication of the issue and later became president.

In Gaul in Danger , Arnold Schwarzenegger appears several times as a combat robot in a Superman costume (name: "Schworzi").

In The Battle of the Chiefs , the Marsupilami is presented in a fairground tent.

In The Odyssey , a Gallic druid named Nullnullsix appears. This character is a nod to the well-known fictional British secret agent James Bond and a caricature of the Bond actor Sean Connery . In the same volume, the Roman agent Musencus appears, wearing the face of the French actor Bernard Blier , who played the secret service chief Milan in the film The Big Blonde with the Black Shoe . The French actor Jean Gabin also has a guest appearance as procurator "Pontius Penatus" of Judea.

Uderzo also made a guest appearance for his own thatched roof house adorned with tulips in Der Seher .

The green-skinned member of the pirates in The Odyssey and Asterix in the Orient is an allusion to the monster created by the scientist Frankenstein in Mary Shelley's novel and its cinematic embodiment by Boris Karloff .

The scene in which the chief's son Grünix in The Great Trench crosses the trench at night with a rope tied to a tree is reminiscent of the popular depiction of the figure of Tarzan swinging on lianas through the jungle . A few panels earlier, the scene between Grünix and brooding line on the balcony alludes to the motif of the balcony scene between Romeo and Juliet (tragedy by William Shakespeare ).

In the German edition of Die Trabantenstadt , the game master is called Francocampus (in the French original: Guilus ), which is obviously an allusion to Peter Frankenfeld (Latin campus , field). In the original, the French television presenter Guy Lux is caricatured.

Uderzo and Goscinny have caricatured themselves several times. In Asterix at the Olympic Games , standing on a relief in front of a bull, Uderzo describes Goscinny as ΤΥΡΑΝΝΟΣ (tyrant) and is called by him ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ (despot). In Asterix und der Kupferkessel , in the first row of the theater in Condate , you can see Uderzo talking to the prefect on the left, while Goscinny is entertaining a laughing group on the right. In Obelix GmbH & Co. KG both drag a heavy drunk soldier (caricature by Pierre Tchernia ) out of the camp. Goscinny alone makes an appearance in The Odyssey as Saul Nizahle's trading assistant.

The actor, screenwriter (including for four Asterix films) and director Pierre Tchernia has guest appearances in several volumes: Asterix as a legionnaire , Asterix in Corsica , Caesar's Gift , Obelix GmbH & Co. KG and Asterix with the Belgians .

In Asterix near the Swiss , Agrippus Virus, the influential governor of Condate, says he has his orgies staged by the great Fellinius. This refers to the Italian director Federico Fellini , who portrayed the dissolute life of the ancient Roman upper class in the 1969 film Fellini's Satyricon . In the same volume, a young boy is shown with an apple on his head in front of a target. This is an allusion to William Tell .

Uderzo dedicated the volume Obelix auf Kreuzfahrt to the actor Kirk Douglas , whom he caricatured in this volume with the character Spartakis, alluding to his role in the film Spartacus .

The battle of the chiefs is played with the cliché that the mentally ill thought they were Napoleon Bonaparte , a patient of the druid Amnesix is shown in the familiar pose ("Nobody knows what he thinks he is ...").

In Asterix and Maestria , the Italian actor Aldo Maccione appears as a legionnaire from the Roman camp Aquarium.

In Asterix in the Orient , the enemy guru Daisayah mentions in direct reference to his cousin Isnogud that he would become a rajah instead of the rajah. Isnogud is also a comic book series by Goscinny and was mentioned in admiration of the Asterix creator, as the tenth anniversary of the death of the creator was marked. The saying is based on Isnogud's motto in every comic: I want to become a caliph instead of the caliph.

The Pict Mac Aphon in Asterix at the Picts is similar to the comic Indian Umpah-Pah , which Uderzo and Goscinny created in 1951.

The evil clan chief Mac Abberh in Asterix near the Picts bears the features of the French actor Vincent Cassel .

The French singer Johnny Hallyday is caricatured in Asterix by the Picts as a Pictish bard who is beaten by Obelix for his bad singing.

The guests and the host of the “Schiffertaverne” in the port of Massilia in Tour de France come from the films of Marcel Pagnol's Marseilles trilogy , classics of French film history. In the middle part of this trilogy, Fanny (1932), these guests hold up a tram by playing boules. Incidentally, the actor Raimu is not only portrayed here as a Marseille host, but also in The Golden Sickle and also appears in Asterix on Corsica as one of the invited guests from the earlier Asterix adventures for the festival ("the Fête") of the anniversary of the Battle of Gergovia on.

The magazine Asterix in Italy , published in October 2017, alludes to the Italian origins of Uderzo's parents' family, who, according to Ferri, come from Oderzo . The landlord in Parma is a caricature by Luciano Pavarotti and the great Garum manufacturer Croesus Lupus is reminiscent of Silvio Berlusconi .

In The Daughter of Vercingetorix , a caricature of Charles Aznavour, who died in 2018, appears in the pirate crew. His utterances (“La Bohème”, “Formidable”, “No, I didn't forget any of it”) are the titles of his chansons.

Historical and literary allusions and quotations on the edge of the main plot

The duel between Asterix and Keinentschlus in Caesar's Gift (p. 31) alludes to Edmond Rostand , Cyrano de Bergerac (1st / 4th Cyrano-Valvert), the "Z" in the Roman's tunic also refers to Zorro .

In Asterix und der Kupferkessel (p. 41) the bankrupt banker says: “We have mergitur [note: ebb] and I don't know when we will be fluctuat [note: liquid] again.” - “Fluctuat nec mergitur” (im Meaning of: "It may sway on the waves, but it does not go under") is the motto in the city arms of Paris, which was originally an island on the Seine.

When the builder Numerobis in Asterix and Cleopatra (p. 7) greeted Miraculix with the words “I am, my dear friend, very happy to see you”, the druid turns to some of the villagers and explains to them: “This is an Alexandrian “, Which means on the one hand the guest from Alexandria in Egypt, but on the other hand also the meter of his greetings.

"Two thousand years look down on us from these pyramids, Obelix," says Miraculix in Asterix and Cleopatra (p. 23). “Soldiers, be aware that forty centuries look down on you from these pyramids,” said Napoleon Bonaparte before the Battle of the Pyramids on July 21, 1798 (in the original: “ Soldats, songez que du haut de ces pyramides quarante siècles vous contemplent! »)

Also in Asterix and Cleopatra (p. 26), Asterix and Obelix argue in Luxor about an obelisk. Asterix: “No, no, no! Obelix! Something like that in the middle of our village square? Just ridiculous! ”This very obelisk has stood on the Place de la Concorde in Paris since 1836 .

At the end of the big crossing (p. 47 below) Erik the blonde asks himself whether he should be a discoverer of the new world or not: "To be or not to be, that is the question here ..." - from Hamlet's famous monologue , of the Prince of Denmark, in Shakespeare . Correspondingly, Chief Ivar says: "Something is rotten in my state ..." (cf. Hamlet 1,4).

“This delicate scent of thyme and almonds, figs and chestnuts…” (XX Osolemirnix) writes Napoleon Bonaparte in his memoirs about Corsica. - In Asterix on Corsica , Osolemirnix says before the final attack by the Corsicans on the Roman Aleria (p. 38): "The old story of Austerlix: The sun doesn't harm a Corsican!" In the Battle of the Three Emperors of Austerlitz on December 2, 1805, he was victorious Corsican Napoleon Bonaparte despite the thick fog that only gave way to the legendary "Sun of Austerlitz" after the battle. “That is the sun of Austerlitz!” Said Napoleon to his soldiers on the Moskva, with which he wanted to remind them of the victory of the Battle of the Three Emperors in Austerlitz.

Several sayings of Roman officers in Asterix with the Belgians refer to the Battle of Waterloo : " By Jupiter, Legate Volfgangamadeus, I wanted it to be night and ours would come!" ("I wish it would be night or the Prussians would come." - Duke of Wellington ) and "The Guard dies, but they do not surrender!" ( Attributed to General Cambronne )

"My garden is smaller than Rome, but my pilum is more solid than your sternum!" (VIII British lawn friend) - "It [the boat] is smaller than my uncle's garden, but it is bigger than my nephew's helmet." VIII Teefax) - From the English class in France. French has no comparative . To increase an adjective, you have to put “ plus ” or “ moins ” in front. It is therefore important for students to practice comparative forms. Correspondingly: “My tailor is rich!” (VIII Teefax): Famous first sentence (“ My tailor is rich ”) of Assimil's English language course .

Asterix's saying "I say yes, THE DESERT IS LIVING!" In The Odyssey alludes to the documentary of the same name from the Walt Disney Studios.

Five allusions to older Asterix adventures can be found in a single picture in Asterix by the British : In Asterix's hut (p. 9) there is a Roman helmet (Asterix the Gaul) , a small sphinx (Asterix and Cleopatra) on a wall shelf , a gladiator helmet (Asterix as a gladiator) , a golden sickle (The golden sickle) and a Gothic spiked hood (Asterix and the Goths) .

Allusions to historical quotations and word games can also be found in other language versions. In the Italian edition, for example, the saying S ono P azzi, Q uesti R omani (The spiders, the Romans) is an allusion to SPQR , S enatus P opulus q ue R omanus, the motto in the coat of arms of Rome.

Running gags

Running gags play a major role in the typical humor of the series . Many events, mostly those that happen on the fringes, have been repeated for decades in almost every volume in a new context. For those familiar with the series, they are an indispensable part of every episode; deviations from the usual sequence are often special points.

Some examples:

The “shutdown” of the Bard Troubadix, especially at the traditional final banquet, mostly by the blacksmith Automatix.
Obelix's comment on all behavior that he does not understand: "They're crazy, the Romans!" (Or: British, Greeks, Egyptians, etc.)
The dispute that triggered the fight between the blacksmith Automatix and the fishmonger Verleihnix about the freshness of their fish.
The various falls of the chief Majestix from his shield, whereby the guilt is usually assigned to the bearers.
The attempts of Obelix, who fell into a pot of magic potion as a young boy, to get the potion administered again (which, except in the volumes Asterix and Cleopatra and Obelix on a cruise, are never crowned with success).
Obelix's excessive appetite and his particular preference for wild boars ("Two wild boars please!" - "Me too!") In all variations with the exception of the (British) cooked preparation in peppermint sauce ("The poor pig.") And for lovesickness (Falbala).
Obelix's sensitive reactions when he is called fat ("Who is fat here?", "I don't see a fat one here, you, Asterix?", "There are no two fat ones here! At most one and it is not fat!" ).
The loud quarrels suddenly erupting between the friends Asterix and Obelix, during which they regularly address each other with "Mr. Asterix" and "Mr. Obelix" and in the third person, only to reconcile shortly afterwards.
The destruction of all kinds of doors by Obelix when he just knocks.
The young dog Idefix's sympathy for trees, which makes him burst into tears when they are felled.
The meeting of Asterix and Obelix with the pirate gang under Red Beard, whose ship and crew are almost always badly affected; the only exceptions are in Asterix and the Copper Cauldron , Asterix in Spain , The Great Crossing , The Odyssey and Asterix and Latraviata . Occasionally the pirate ship sinks as a result of a ramming by Roman warships (Asterix in the case of the British ; Asterix and Maestria) , a clash with a Norman dragon boat (Asterix and the Normans) or a violent internal dispute between the pirates (dispute over Asterix) , or it is sunk by the pirates themselves in a certain fatalism in order to forestall the Gauls (Asterix and Cleopatra , Asterix at the Olympic Games , Asterix in the Orient) . The characters of the pirates are borrowed from the comic series The Red Corsair . In eight volumes (Asterix the Gauls , The Battle of the Chiefs , The Golden Sickle , Asterix and the Goths , Asterix and the Arvernerschild , Asterix with the Swiss , The Gift of Caesar and Asterix chats from school) the pirates, however, have no appearance mentioned in two of these volumes.
The precocious Latin quotes of the pirate Dreifuss, mostly after the ship was sunk by the Gauls.
During the battles with the Romans there are regular scuffles because everyone wants to get enough Romans to beat up; Obelix in particular is particularly jealous (that's why in the band Obelix GmbH & Co. KG. he is even allowed to beat up a whole garrison on his own for his birthday while the others serenade him).

Comic and history

There are some points in the series that are historically incorrect. The most common are:

Romans and Gauls can have a perfect conversation in the stories. In reality, most of the Romans spoke Latin at the time, and few spoke other languages. For this purpose, interpreters were often present on the campaigns.
Wild boar is represented as the basic food of the Gauls. The historical Gauls rarely ate wild boar, but mainly cattle or poultry, which they had raised themselves. In fact, the Romans ate wild boar far more often than the Gauls.
Although the magic potion was invented for the comic, the druids actually cut mistletoe with golden sickles; partly to offer them to the gods; partly to make medicine from it.
At the end of most of the stories, the bard Troubadix is tied to a tree. In reality, however, you would never have dared to do this with a bard, as they enjoyed a high rank.

Racism allegation

Although Goscinny in his comics critically examines the way the French dealt with their former colonies and criticizes injustices against immigrants, racist stereotypes can be found again and again in the Asterix volumes . This is most evident when looking at the pirates who are regularly beaten up and portray the caricature of an African. Again and again strange effects are achieved by his inability to pronounce the " R ". This refers to the way of speaking used by immigrants from Francophone Africa and the Caribbean who speak French with a rolled “R” instead of the uvular fricative common in continental French .

In all Asterix albums, the characters are ethnicized : They do not appear as individuals, but as representatives of their respective ethnic group , as they are immediately recognizable by a specific suffix of their names. They are also always stereotyped visually. Although Asterix inventor and author René Goscinny himself is of Jewish descent, anti-Semitic elements have also been discovered in the comics . Lügfix, the unsympathetic and deceptive title character in the volume The Seher , is drawn according to the Romanist André Stoll based on the model of French anti-Semitic caricatures. His parasitic and nomadic way of life also takes up anti-Semitic clichés. The anti-Semitism researcher Léon Poliakov sees the Asterix comics as a trivialized form of the ideal of uneducated racial unity, as characterized the nationalist movement and National Socialism : the resistance of the small village is always directed against foreign infiltration by the decadent Romans, their culture at least partially they proudly refuse to take over. In this narrative , the journalist Richard Herzinger sees the reason for the lasting success of the comics: "Because their message in a playful form awakens old longings that seemed to be buried in the deepest layers of European collective consciousness". However, the resistance of the Gauls against the Romans can just as easily be interpreted as anti-fascist or anti-imperialist (see above ), as a parable for anti-colonial movements - the Gauls outside the village are actually ruled by the Romans - or simply as resistance by minorities like Bretons , Basques and Corsicans against the French central government.

History of the series

First story 1959

Asterix has been designed specifically for the launch of the first published in 1959 French youth magazine Pilote in the publishing house Dargaud invented. Goscinny later became its long - time editor -in- chief ; Uderzo became art director . The first page of the first story (Asterix the Gauls) was first published in the zero number of this magazine, later in the official number 1 of October 29, 1959. The Asterix adventures were first published in pilots in sequels of one or two pages each (as a sign of success) later put on the market in comic albums. The original page-by-page publication shapes the course of the earlier stories: They end on each page with an exciting situation (a so-called cliffhanger ) to encourage people to buy the next issue.

Publication in album form, Tod Goscinnys and own publishing house

From 1974 Goscinny and Uderzo no longer published in Pilote , the first publication mostly took place directly in album form (initially continued with Dargaud). After Goscinny's death in 1977, Uderzo was forced by Dargaud by court order to complete the album Asterix with the Belgians . After completing this story, he founded his own publishing house, Les Éditions Albert René , and continued the comic series on his own , now also as an author.

Last albums of Albert Uderzo

The quality of the drawings in the stories that have emerged since then is still considered to be high; many fans, however, miss Goscinny's humor and narrative skills. Regardless of this, every new Asterix volume continues to set a new circulation record; Skilful marketing probably also plays an essential role in this: While in the past there were some pre-publications, the content of the stories is now kept secret until the simultaneous start in many countries with great effort. Since Asterix and Latraviata 2001, Uderzo only drew the drafts, the ink drawings came from the Franco-Moroccan brothers Frédéric and Thierry Mébarki.

Successor to Uderzo

For years, Uderzo insisted that no more Asterix adventures be released after his retirement. On December 12, 2008, however, he sold his 40% shares in Les Éditions Albert René to Hachette Livre , as did Goscinny's daughter Anne, her 20%. The condition for this was that the series could be continued without him. He agreed (to the displeasure of his own daughter Sylvie, who owned the remaining 40% of the company). In the run-up to the publication of the anniversary volume in 2009, Uderzo announced that the Mébarki brothers should continue the series if he had to give it up for health reasons. Sylvie Uderzo and her husband initially litigated against it, but later complied and on March 16, 2011 sold the rest of the publishing house to Hachette Livre.

In mid-2011, Uderzo announced that the next volume in the series would be drawn by Frédéric Mébarki and written by Jean-Yves Ferri . In October 2012, the Albert-René publishing house announced that Didier Conrad would take over the drawings because Mébarki had withdrawn from the task. Mébarki therefore named the burden of the high pressure of expectations as the reason for his decision.

The first volume by Jean-Yves Ferri and Didier Conrad was published on October 24, 2013 as Asterix by the Picts . After The Papyrus of Caesar in 2015, the third volume by Conrad and Ferri was published on October 19, 2017 under the title Asterix in Italy and on October 24, 2019 The Daughter of Vercingetorix . Klaus Jöken translated all four volumes into German.

List of volumes

So far, 38 volumes of Asterix have been published, including 36 with an album-long story. The daughter of Vercingetorix (Volume 38) was last published on October 24, 2019. The volumes were initially written by René Goscinny and drawn by Albert Uderzo. After Goscinny's death while working on Asterix with the Belgians , Uderzo also began to write the lyrics. In addition, there are short stories written over time, most of which were also published in albums.

The short stories currently released for reprint are summarized in the series of the various publishers as volume 32 Asterix chats from school . Some of these short stories were written by René Goscinny. Albert Uderzo has announced, however, that René Goscinny had also let him create short stories by himself, which were published under both names. Volume 34, Asterix & Obelix celebrate birthday , published on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Asterix series, consists of independent new and sometimes very old elements that have been editorially combined.

Volumes 2 to 7 appeared in Germany in a different order. According to some information, the reason was the great success of the film Asterix and Cleopatra , according to other previous publications of some of these volumes in German youth magazines ( Lupo modern and MV Comix ) . They are reproduced here with the German numbers, but in the order of their original publication. When reading, it is advisable to stick to the original order, otherwise some chronological errors will occur (e.g. the meeting with the pirates and the appearance of Idefix). The translations into other languages were also published in a different order. As an example, the following table also shows the order of the Latin translation, which, like the German, is published by Ehapa-Verlag.

In addition to the stories in comic form , two illustrated stories were also written. The story How Obelix plopped into the magic potion as a small child was first published in 1965 and has only been published in this form in France so far. In 1989 it was re-illustrated and published in album form, also in German. However, it was not included in the numbered series of Asterix volumes, but is still permanently available as part of the current publishing program. In 1966 the illustrated story les voyages gaulois appeared , in which Asterix reports on the ancient way of traveling in comparison to the modern. This story was published in 2008 in the anniversary volume No. 34 integrated internationally.

The Asterix volumes
German edition			French edition			Latin edition
No.	title	year	No.	title	year	No.	title
000000000000001.00000000001	Asterix the Gaul	1968	000000000000001.00000000001	Asterix le Gaulois	1961	000000000000001.00000000001	Asterix Gallus
000000000000005.00000000005	The golden sickle	1970	000000000000002.00000000002	La Serpe d'or	1962	000000000000002.00000000002	Falx Aurea
000000000000007.00000000007th	Asterix and the Goths	1970	000000000000003.00000000003	Asterix et les Goths	1963	000000000000003.00000000003	Asterix apud Gothos
000000000000003.00000000003	Asterix as a gladiator	1969	000000000000004.00000000004th	Astérix gladiateur	1964	000000000000004.00000000004th	Asterix Gladiator
000000000000006.00000000006th	Tour de France	1970	000000000000005.00000000005	Le Tour de Gaule d'Astérix	1965	000000000000005.00000000005	Iter Gallicum
000000000000002.00000000002	Asterix and Cleopatra	1968	000000000000006.00000000006th	Astérix and Cléopâtre	1965	000000000000006.00000000006th	Asterix et Cleopatra
000000000000004.00000000004th	The battle of the chiefs	1969	000000000000007.00000000007th	Le Combat des Chefs	1966	000000000000007.00000000007th	Certamen Principum
000000000000008.00000000008th	Asterix with the British	1971	000000000000008.00000000008th	Astérix chez les Bretons	1966	000000000000009.00000000009	Asterix apud Britannos
000000000000009.00000000009	Asterix and the Normans	1971	000000000000009.00000000009	Asterix et les Normands	1966	000000000000011.000000000011	Asterix et Normanni
000000000000010.000000000010	Asterix as a legionnaire	1971	000000000000010.000000000010	Astérix légionnaire	1967	000000000000013.000000000013	Asterix Legionarius
000000000000011.000000000011	Asterix and the shield of Arverni	1972	000000000000011.000000000011	Le Bouclier Arverne	1968	000000000000014.000000000014th	Clipeus Avernus
000000000000012.000000000012	Asterix at the Olympics	1972	000000000000012.000000000012	Asterix aux Jeux Olympiques	1968	000000000000015.000000000015th	Asterix Olympius
000000000000013.000000000013	Asterix and the copper kettle	1972	000000000000013.000000000013	Astérix et le Chaudron	1969	000000000000016.000000000016	Asterix atque Olla Cypria
000000000000014.000000000014th	Asterix in Spain	1973	000000000000014.000000000014th	Astérix en Hispanie	1969	000000000000017.000000000017th	Asterix in Hispania
000000000000015.000000000015th	Dispute over Asterix	1973	000000000000015.000000000015th	La Zizanie	1970	000000000000019.000000000019th	Tumultus de Asterige
000000000000016.000000000016	Asterix with the Swiss	1973	000000000000016.000000000016	Astérix chez les Helvètes	1970	000000000000023.000000000023	Asterix apud Helvetios
000000000000017.000000000017th	The satellite town	1974	000000000000017.000000000017th	Le Domaine des Dieux	1971	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000018.000000000018th	Caesar's laurels	1974	000000000000018.000000000018th	Les Lauriers de César	1972	000000000000024.000000000024	Laurea Caesaris
000000000000019.000000000019th	The seer	1975	000000000000019.000000000019th	Le Devin	1972	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000020.000000000020th	Asterix in Corsica	1975	000000000000020.000000000020th	Astérix en Corse	1973	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000021.000000000021st	The gift of Caesar	1976	000000000000021.000000000021st	Le Cadeau de César	1974	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000022.000000000022nd	The great crossing	1976	000000000000022.000000000022nd	La Grande Traversée	1975	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000023.000000000023	Obelix GmbH & Co. KG	1978	000000000000023.000000000023	Obelix and company	1976	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000024.000000000024	Asterix with the Belgians	1979	000000000000024.000000000024	Asterix chez les Belges	1979	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000025.000000000025th	The great ditch	1980	000000000000025.000000000025th	Le Grand Fossé	1980	000000000000008.00000000008th	Fossa Alta
000000000000026.000000000026th	The Odyssey	1982	000000000000026.000000000026th	L'Odyssée d'Astérix	1981	000000000000010.000000000010	Odyssea asterigis
000000000000027.000000000027	The son of Asterix	1983	000000000000027.000000000027	Le Fils d'Astérix	1983	000000000000012.000000000012	Filius Asterigis
000000000000028.000000000028	Asterix in the Orient	1987	000000000000028.000000000028	Astérix chez Rahàzade	1987	000000000000018.000000000018th	Asterix orientalis
000000000000028.500000000028.5!-	How Obelix fell into the magic potion as a small child	1989	000000000000028.500000000028.5!-	Comment Obélix est tombé dans la marmite du druid quand il était petit	1989	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000029.000000000029	Asterix and Maestria	1991	000000000000029.000000000029	La rose et la glaive	1991	000000000000020.000000000020th	Asterix and Maestria
000000000000030.000000000030th	Obelix on cruise	1996	000000000000030.000000000030th	La galère d'Obélix	1996	000000000000021.000000000021st	Navis Actuaria Obeligis
000000000000031.000000000031	Asterix and Latraviata	2001	000000000000031.000000000031	Astérix et Latraviata	2001	000000000000022.000000000022nd	Asterix et Latraviata
000000000000032.000000000032	Asterix is chatting from school	2003	000000000000032.000000000032	Astérix et la rentrée gauloise	2003	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000033.000000000033	Gaul in danger	2005	000000000000033.000000000033	Le ciel lui tombe sur la tete	2005	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000034.000000000034	Asterix & Obelix celebrate their birthday	2009	000000000000034.000000000034	L'anniversaire d'Astérix et Obélix - Le livre d'or	2009	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000035.000000000035	Asterix at the Picts	2013	000000000000035.000000000035	Astérix chez les Pictes	2013	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000036.000000000036	Caesar's papyrus	2015	000000000000036.000000000036	Le Papyrus de César	2015	25th	Papyrus Caesaris
000000000000037.000000000037	Asterix in Italy	2017	000000000000037.000000000037	Astérix et la Transitalique	2017	000000000001000.00000000001,000
000000000000038.000000000038	The daughter of Vercingetorix	2019	000000000000038.000000000038	La Fille de Vercingétorix	2019	000000000001000.00000000001,000

Short stories

Short stories in comic format

In addition to the albums, various short stories were created over the years .

Asterix is chatting from school

The following stories were reprinted in 2003 in the album Asterix chats from school (the last story, ABC shooter Obelix , was only added in a new edition from 2006):

The birth of an idea:
(1962, 1 page) Uderzo and Goscinny cause a sensation when they emphatically develop the ideas for an Asterix story in a bistro.
Obelisc'h:
(1963, 5 pages) Uderzo and Goscinny meet a descendant of Obelix. The ten other pictures originally published were not published here or otherwise.
The Gallic Spring:
(1966, 2 pages) Asterix, Obelix and Miraculix help the "Gallic Spring", personified by a little male, to break through.
Gallic start of school:
(1966, 2 pages) Asterix and Obelix collect the village children for school again after the holidays.
New Year under the mistletoe:
(1967, 2 pages) Obelix tries, according to tradition, to get a kiss from Falbala under the mistletoe.
The mascot:
(1968, 8 pocket pages, later redrawn to 4 album pages) Idefix is kidnapped by a Roman legionnaire as a mascot.
Suggestions for improvement:
(1969, 3 pages) The already then diverse criticism of the style of Asterix is parodied by alternative designs in the form of underground comics or the hippie style.
Mini, Midi, Maxi:
(1971, 2 pages) Satire on fashion follies - originally published in Elle magazine .
Latinomania:
(1973, 1 page) Satire on the ill-considered use of foreign words.
In the year 50 BC Chr .:
(1977, 3½ pages) Presentation of the Gallic world or brief introduction to the series - originally published in National Geographic Magazine to familiarize Americans with Asterix.
Olympics in Lutetia:
(1986, 4 pages) Asterix and Obelix help Lutetia to become an Olympic city - originally published in the magazine Jours de France .
35 years before Julius Caesar:
(1994, 4 pages) The birth of Asterix and Obelix is told here.
Kokolorix - the Gallic rooster:
(2003, 5 pages) With the help of Idefix, the Gallic rooster wins over the eagle, the symbol of Rome.
ABC-Schütze Obelix:
(2004, title page and three more pages in the magazine Lire ) Only appeared in German in 2006 in the third edition of Asterix chats from school . Obelix receives a letter from Falbala and tries to read it with the help of a textbook from Miraculix.

Others

The following Asterix short stories did not appear in this special issue:

(Nameless story):
(1977, 6 strips ) study trip by Asterix and Obelix to the Gothic menhir production, which are rectangular instead of oval as with Obelix. Created for the magazine Stern , issue 2/77, the story was reprinted in the eighth volume of the complete edition. The print in the complete edition is reduced in size, black and white and also includes the article accompanying the story in the star .
12 Exams for Asterix:
(1977, 27 pages) 12 Exams for Asterix is a comic version of the film Asterix conquers Rome (1975). The comic was drawn by Uderzo's brother Marcel and is no longer released for further reprints. The only German publication was in the magazine Comixene , issue 24-29.
The antique dealers:
(1985, 4 pages) The story has not been released for further reprints by Uderzo, since the drawings here are also by Marcel Uderzo . The only German publication in the special volume Gallic Stories .

There were also advance notices in Pilote prior to the first printing of the stories, the following of which are themselves short stories:

Press conference / announcement for The Battle of the Chiefs :
(1964, 1 page) Appeared in German in the complete edition as well as the album Asterix chats from school , in the latter case without a title.
Talk show / announcement for Asterix with the British :
(1965, 1 page) Published in the complete edition.
Announcement for Asterix and the Arvernerschild :
(1967, 1 page) Published in the German complete edition, untranslated in French.
Announcement for Asterix at the Swiss :
(1970, 1 page) Published in the complete edition.

There are other short stories known about Asterix, but these - probably authorized - come from other draftsmen and copywriters. They were created for one time publication only.

In addition, Asterix appeared in a few crossovers in Pilote magazine that were rarely or never published. Figures from the comic series were also used for individual gag illustrations in the magazine Pilote , e.g. B. Obelix wore the label with the issue number and the date on the title page for a while, and his awkwardness often created funny scenes.

Short stories in small book series

In 1973 Pestalozzi published a total of twelve Asterix books as a small book series, each with 16 pages, in which individual comic scenes were combined with narrative text. The stories are mainly based on the main volumes, from which most of the comic scenes were taken. This small book series is very popular nowadays, especially among collectors.

Asterix the Gauls (ajar, strongly shortened version of the original album)
Asterix at the Olympic Games (ajar, greatly shortened version of the original album)
Asterix and Obelix (opening scenes from "Asterix as a legionnaire")
Asterix and the Romans (ajar, strongly shortened version of "Asterix with the Goths")
Asterix argues with Obelix
Asterix and Miraculix
Asterix, Obelix and the fish
Asterix and Majestix
Asterix and the copper kettle (ajar, greatly shortened version of the original album)
Asterix needs money (ajar, strongly shortened version of "Asterix and the copper kettle")
Asterix always has advice
Asterix in Spain (ajar, strongly shortened version of the original album)

Small book series Asterix conquers Rome

In 1976 Pestalozzi Verlag also brought out the multi-part book series Asterix conquered Rome based on the cartoon of the same name. The books each have 20 pages in the format 19 × 17 centimeters and contain the various tasks from the cartoon under the heading "heroic deeds". In addition, each book contains a coloring picture on the title topic.

Cookbooks and baking books

In 1993 the Egmont Comic Collection published the bound edition Kochspaß mit Asterix with the subtitle Essen wie Gott in Gaul ( ISBN 3-7704-0453-X ). The 61-page hardcover edition describes the preparation of nine simple dishes from the world of comic characters. The recipes are from Marie-Christine Crabos.
In 1994 the Egmont Comic Collection published the bound edition Backspaß mit Asterix with the subtitle Naschen wie Gott in Gallien with 27 cake and pastry recipes by Marie-Christine Crabos ( ISBN 3-7704-0454-8 ). On 61 pages, illustrated instructions describe the preparation process and show the finished product. The well-known characters from the Asterix comics provide explanations and comments.

Lexicons

Three authorized Asterix dictionaries have been published in German:

In 1986 by Horizont-Verlag Das große Asterix-Lexikon
In Ehapa publishing in 1990 a two-volume work, which complements the first encyclopedia to two stories
On the occasion of 40 years of Asterix 1999 at Egmont Ehapa The large Asterix lexicon

Translations

The books have been translated into 107 languages, including ancient Greek and Latin , Iwrit , Thai , Esperanto , West Frisian , Low German and various Romansh idioms such as Lower Engadin , as well as numerous dialects . After the success of the dialect series in Germany, dialect versions were also released in many other countries. In France itself, this happened very hesitantly, as there was fear of a strengthening of regional identities. In this regard, Asterix is still a political issue in France today.

By October 2013 a total of 350 million Asterix volumes had been printed worldwide, the greatest success by far being achieved in France with 130 million volumes and in Germany with 120 million volumes.

German version by Rolf Kauka

Rolf Kauka was the first to receive the rights to publish the Asterix adventures that were already known in France and Belgium in German-speaking countries. Asterix and Obelix became Siggi and Babarras at Kauka, the druid became Konradin (after Konrad Adenauer ), the chief Abraracourcix became Mark Hein. The Gallic village was called "Bonhalla" ( Bonn / Walhalla ) and was on the right bank of the Rhine. The menhir of Obelix was such a (menhir stone, pebble), the name Hinkelstein there is only since the Ehapa from 1967. The stories played like the original at the time of Julius Caesar, in the translations -Bearbeitungen were still many political allusions the Federal Republic of the 1960s included, as well as the GDR . The Roman occupiers, speaking with an American influence, corresponded to the Allied occupiers of the immediate post-war period . The Roman Empire became "Natolia" , alluding to NATO .

Rolf Kauka was personally responsible for these edits. It accommodated the anti-Semitic prejudice of a rampant Jew (in The Golden Sickle ) as well as anti- democratic allusions. The bard Troubadix, for example, was renamed “Parliamet”, a trunk word from parliament and the alcoholic drink mead . He reinterpreted the menhir or menhir as the “guilt complex” and thus the right metaphor for coming to terms with the Holocaust . After the first story was published, in this case The Golden Sickle , Kauka received a warning from Goscinny and Uderzo, sent by Georges Dargaud . Undeterred by this he brought out Asterix as Gladiator (under the title Battle for Rome, borrowed from a novel that was popular at the time ) and Asterix and the Goths (as Siggi and the Ostrogoths ) in the same way. Dargaud then terminated the license agreement for breach of contract, Kauka sued against it, but lost in two instances. In spite of the judgment and the withdrawal of the license with immediate effect, Rolf Kauka subsequently published the original, first Asterix album as Siggi, the Indestructible , from whom the artwork had been supplied to him in advance.

From 1967 Kauka brought out his own comic series based on Asterix under the title Fritze Blitz and Dunnerkiel , which he renamed Siggi and Babarras a year later . But it was not successful, it was discontinued in 1969 after a few episodes.

With regard to the Germanization of the Caucasus, the author Thomas Bleicher speaks of “a rather dark chapter in German comic history”. The reporter Thomas Mietz, who died in 2011, said that Cauca's Asterix processing is to be seen as the main reason for its generally poor reputation in the feature pages and cultural criticism, and drew parallels to the image of Axel Springer . Even decades later, Uderzo described the experience as a “terrible story”. For a long time he felt persecuted by Kauka, who "came to France and claimed that we were ruining him."

German translation by Ehapa publishing house

The next German license holder was and is to this day the Stuttgart-based Ehapa-Verlag , which published Asterix in advance in the MV-Comix from 1967 to 1977 and has been published in album form since 1968, although initially no importance was placed on a chronological order. Gudrun Penndorf was responsible for the German translation of the volumes up to volume 29 , followed by Adolf Kabatek , Michael F. Walz and Klaus Jöken . As the newspaper Die Welt noted, Penndorf “contributed to the German success of Asterix and the enrichment of the German language [...] at least as much as the legendary Erika Fuchs did to Donald Duck . But Penndorf's work has not yet been widely recognized. "

The translations into the respective dialects are carried out by local experts. The Latin translation is done by Karl-Heinz Graf von Rothenburg ("Rubricastellanus"; Latin red, lord of the castle). The German translation in the most recent volumes, especially in Volume 31 Asterix and Latraviata , has been criticized for its excessive deviation from the largely timeless character of the original by referring to short-lived German appearances.

The phrase delirant isti Romani: "The crazy, the Romans" has been added to the series' obligatory Latin proverbs and quotes for translation into Latin . In the Italian edition there was a play on words for Obelix 'slogan, which was originally “ Ils sont fous, ces Romains ”: “Sono Pazzi Questi Romani”, or SPQR for short

List of speaking names of the minor characters

Typical of the Asterix comics are speaking names for many minor characters who change from language to language. Here are a few examples:

figure	German	French	Portuguese	British	American	Italian	Spanish	Dutch	Swedish	Finnish	Greek
Wife of the chief	Good mine	Bonemine	Naftalina	Impedimenta	Belladona	Beniamina	Carabella	Bellefleur	Bonemine	Smirgeline	Μπονεμίνα [Bonemína] (Μιμίνα) [(Mimína)]
Dog of the Obelix	Idefix	Idéfix	Idéiafix	Dogmatix	Dogmatix	Idefix	Ideafix	Idefix	Idefix	Idefix	Ιντεφίξ [Idefíx]
chief	Majestix	Abraracourcix	Matasetix or Abracourcix	Vitalstatistix	Macroeconomix	Abraracourcix	Abraracúrcix	Abraracourcix	Majestix	Aladobix	Μαζεστίξ [Majestix] (Μοναρχίξ) [(Monarchíx; earlier editions)]
old man	Methusalix	Agecanonix	Decanonix or Veteranix	Geriatrix	Arthritix	Matusalemmix	Edadepiédrix	Nestorix	Senilix	Senilix	Μαθουσαλίξ [Methusalíx] (Παλαιοντολογίξ) [(Paläontologíx; earlier editions)]
Druid	Miraculix	Panoramix	Panoramix	Getafix	Magigimmix	Panoramix	Panorámix	Panoramix	Miraculix	Akvavitix	Πανοραμίξ [Panoramíx]
bard	Troubadix	Assurancetourix	Cacofonix or Chatotorix	Cacofonix	Malacoustix	Assurancetourix	Asurancetúrix	Assurancetourix	Troubadix	Trubadurix	Κακοφονίξ (Kakofoníx)
Fishmonger	Distribution mix	Ordralfabétix	Ordemalfabetix or Ordenalfabetix	Unhygienix	Epidemic	Ordinalfabetix	Ordenalfabétix	Kostunrix	Crabbofix	Amaryllix	Αλφαβητίξ [Alphavitíx] (Καταλφαβητίξ) [(Katalphavitíx; earlier editions)]
Fishmonger's wife	Jello submarine	Iélosubmarine	-	Bacteria	-	Ielosubmarine	Yelosubmarin	Forentientje	fru Crabbofix	Jelousubmarine	Γελοουσαμπμαρίνα [Jellousubmarína]
Blacksmith	Automatix	Cétautomatix	Éautomatix or Automatix	Fulliautomatix	-	Automatix	Esautomátix	Hoefnix	Smidefix	Caravellix	Αυτοματίξ [Automatíx]
Swarm of the Obelix	Falbala	Falbala	Falbala	Panacea	-	Falbalà	Falbalá	Valhalla	Lillfixa (n)	Mimosa	-

Edits and plagiarism

The Bastion-Verlag published from 1972 to 1975, the German comic series Jupiter , whose authors had very obvious operated at Asterix.

While otherwise corresponding projects regularly received no approval from the French right holders, a 16-page special volume with the title Asterix in Novaesium was published in 1984 with their official approval for the 2000th anniversary of the city of Neuss . This special volume was published by the Office for Press and Public Relations of the City of Neuss. Using images from 17 different existing volumes and adding new speech bubble texts (including Roman legionaries now speak Neuss dialect), he describes the founding history of the city of Neuss in 16 BC. Chr. Again.

There are a large number of Asterix plagiarisms, most of which stem from the protest movements of the 1980s. In these illegally traded booklets, pictures from various original editions were put together to create new stories and, if necessary, given a new text. For example, in Asterix and the nuclear power plant (of which there are at least eight versions with different details) Julius Caesar wants to build a Brutus Rapidus in place of the Gallic village. Other plagiarisms are for example: Asterix in the Hüttendorf (topic “ Runway West ”), Asterix in a bombastic mood (topic: retrofitting ), Asterix's Grass-Zauber (in which the Romans believe that they will become invincible through the consumption of marijuana , and thus an answer to to have the magic potion of the Gauls, which turns out to be a fallacy), tumult in Grazium (local politics from Graz ) and Asterix against the right . Plagiarism motivated in this way is also available for other comic series ( Häuserkampf in Duckburg , Der Sympathisantenschlumpf , etc.).

Another plagiarism from 1983, which is even ascribed to the Ehapa publishing house in the imprint, bears the title Gallas - Scandal on the Chewing Ranch . It tells the "story of a rich Gaulish family clan" and parodies the television series Dallas with the help of the villagers .

On the anniversary of Asterix in 1989, Saga-Verlag Munich published an album with pasties by well-known German cartoonists and comic artists: The hysterical adventures of Isterix was based on the album Les invraisemblables aventures d'Istérix (with contributions from French Illustrator). Although this publication saw itself as a homage, the artists involved got to do with Uderzo's lawyers.

Also in 1989 Saga published an album- length parody entitled Falsches Spiel mit Alcolix , designed by the Berlin illustrator and cartoonist Jens Jeddeloh , which was also distributed in France by the same publisher under the title Alcolix: La vraie parodie . In addition to the Gauls and characters from several other comic series, Tintin also have a longer appearance in a separate "film" sequence . The legal dispute resulting from Alcolix , which was decided in favor of Uderzo, led in 1993/94 to a fundamental judgment (vulgo Alcolix decision ) of the Federal Court of Justice on the limits of intellectual property law between parody, persiflage and plagiarism that went beyond the German-French language area .

With Franziska Becker's comic Feminax & Walkürax , a feminist adaptation of the topic was published in 1992 by the publishing house of the magazine Emma . This is the only known case in which an adaptation created without prior authorization was tolerated.

On the occasion of the first real-life adaptation of Asterix and Obelix against Caesar in 1999, the 9th edition of the German MAD magazine, which was revived by Dino Verlag in 1998, saw the film parody Arschterix und Popelix .

Before the German Bundestag elections in 2005 , the 44-page PDF file Asterix and the fight for the Chancellery , which also works with (now computer-aided) image montage and modified texts, was circulating on the Internet . With Majestix as Schrödix ( Gerhard Schröder ), Maestria as Angela Merktnix ( Angela Merkel ), Greulix (from Der große Graben ) as Guidefix ( Guido Westerwelle ), Miraculix as Münteferix ( Franz Müntefering ), Stellartoix (from Asterix with the Belgians ) as Laufenfortwienix ( Oskar Lafontaine ) and Grobianix as Bavarix ( Edmund Stoiber ), who also appears in the Großer Graben, satirizes the story of important actors in the election campaign and creates a rather grotesque story with numerous allusions to current federal and world politics at the time. In supporting roles: Julius Caesar as American President Dabblejus ( George W. Bush ), the decrepit legionnaire Keinentschlus from The Gift of Caesar as a right-wing nationalix and the gurus Schandadh and Daisayah from Asterix in the Orient as Islamist terrorists.

Tributes

Three authorized collections of homages / persiflage in album form do not fall into the category of Asterix plagiarism : For the 35th anniversary of the Gaul, the special volume Journal exceptionnel d'Astérix was published in 1994 (German: Asterix - Was für ein Fest!, Ehapa 1995) , of which about a third consisted of Asterix homages by various cartoonists in the form of cartoons or shorter comic episodes. 1996 followed with Uderzo croqué par ses amis (German: Uderzo drawn by his friends , Ehapa 1997) a complete homage album, this time the co-creator of Asterix was caricatured with his characters. Another album of this kind is Astérix et ses amis , which was released in France in April 2007 on time for Uderzo's 80th birthday and in Germany with a delay in October 2007 as Asterix and his friends - Homage to Albert Uderzo at Ehapa. On October 29, 2009, for the 50th anniversary, Google showed a specially designed Google logo.

The first French satellite , launched in 1965, was named after Asterix and in 1991 Asterix appeared on the cover of Time magazine . The asteroid (29401) was named after Asterix .

Other smaller Asterix homages have flowed into the comic series of other artists as short visual quotes:

An Asterix mask in the carnival hustle and bustle ( Tintin : Tintin and the Picaros )
Asterix and Obelix on posters on the editorial wall ( Gaston )
Asterix on a poster at the newsagents' shop ( Spirou and Fantasio : pacifiers and cyclo-rays )

A doctor with the face of Miraculix ( Little Spirou )

Banquet ( Lucky Luke : The Daltons in the Sling )

Artus and Merlin allude to the dispute between Troubadix / Automatix ( Uncle Dagobert : The Journey into the 6th Century by Don Rosa )

For years there have been more than a dozen allusions to the Asterix comics in Mosaik

In the Super Nintendo game Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island there is an opponent who is called "Xilebo", which is the other way around for "Obelix". This also bears the distinguishing feature of the blue and white striped trousers and is also thick.

Radio plays

So far there are three German radio play series:

From 1975 to 1979 the first 14 volumes (up to Obelix GmbH & Co. KG ) were produced as a series of radio plays on audio cassette for the Telefunken / DECCA / Tom & Della Club label . The speakers were professional actors and opera singers. Asterix was spoken by Joachim Wolff and Obelix by Alexander Welbat .
From 1986 to 1992 the first 29 volumes (up to Asterix and Maestria ) were produced under the direction of Heikedine Körting as a series of radio plays on audio cassette for the EUROPA label . The speakers were consistently, in addition to many changing secondary characters, Hans Clarin (Asterix), Günter Pfitzmann (Obelix), Wolfgang Völz (Majestix), Eric Vaessen (Miraculix), narrator was Wolfgang Draeger .
Since 2004 Karussell has been publishing a newly produced CD radio play series based on the Asterix volumes, which is not identical to the old EUROPA series; The speakers are Peter Heinrich (Asterix), Douglas Welbat , the son of Alexander Welbat, who spoke Obelix from 1975 to 1979 (Obelix), the narrator is Wolf Frass .

Video games

Online game Asterix & Friends

In 2013, Deutsche Telekom announced a browser game for Asterix and Obelix, developed by the Austrian company Sproing. In July 2013 the game Asterix & Friends went into the open beta phase . In March 2016, they entered into a partnership with Bandai Namco , who will manage the game from then on, and the game was also published as an app.

Asterix & Obelix XXL

Scientific literature

There are a number of scientific studies on Asterix, in particular on the historical context, linguistic studies on the role of comics in the development of the genre and on the problem of translating humorous, language-game and culture-specific texts or for translating comics into the medium of film.

However, Asterix is also the subject of not very serious investigations, which are often intended to convey a different message. Marcel Kamp ( Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf ) and colleagues in Acta Neurochirurgica (vol. 153, p. 1351) examined the cases of cranial brain trauma caused by brute force in the asterix albums. A total of 704 cases were counted in all 34 Asterix volumes over a period of more than 50 years, although no permanent damage remained in any of the Romans. The conclusion of the investigation was that a large number of such injuries could have been avoided if the Roman legionaries, as well as modern people, had made more consistent use of the option of tying the helmet under the chin with a strap. Because in 90% of the cases the Romans lost the helmet before the injury.

The analysis of the Asterix volumes for case studies of chemical production is meant only half seriously. Leuchs u. a. ( DECHEMA Research Institute and LTT of RWTH Aachen University ) analyzed the volumes with regard to the analogies to the modern chemical industry in chemical engineering . The topics dealt with in this regard are highly topical, including raw material base, carbon dioxide sequestration , advisers and loss of knowledge.

Filmography

Cartoons and computer animated films

1967: Asterix the Gaul
1968: Asterix and Cleopatra
1976: Asterix conquers Rome
1985: Asterix - victory over Caesar
1986: Asterix with the British
1989: Asterix - Operation Menhir
1994: Asterix in America
2006: Asterix and the Vikings
2014: Asterix in the Land of the Gods (first computer-animated film in the series)
2018: Asterix and the Secret of the Magic Potion (second computer-animated film in the series)

Real films

1999: Asterix and Obelix against Caesar with Christian Clavier , Gérard Depardieu , Gottfried John , Roberto Benigni , Laetitia Casta
2002: Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra with Christian Clavier, Gérard Depardieu, Alain Chabat , Monica Bellucci
2008: Asterix at the Olympic Games with Clovis Cornillac , Gérard Depardieu, Alain Delon
2012: Asterix & Obelix - On Her Majesty's behalf with Édouard Baer , Gérard Depardieu, Fabrice Luchini , Catherine Deneuve

Legal

"Asterix" and "Obelix" are registered trademarks of the Paris publishing house Les Éditions Albert René , who has already repeatedly asserted the rights from the trademark. For example, the owner of the brand name “MobiliX” (for “Mobiles Unix ”) was sued for alleged risk of confusion with “Obelix”. After the publisher had won this legal dispute at the Munich Higher Regional Court, the trademark owner of “MobiliX” filed an unsuccessful complaint for non-admission with the Federal Court of Justice . A similar lawsuit against the cell phone name “Mobilix” by Orange SA failed before the European Court of Justice. A Berlin recording studio called Masterix had to give up its name after a legal objection.

In the mid-1980s, the lawyer Günter Freiherr von Gravenreuth prosecuted Asterix plagiarism, in which unlicensed drawings from Asterix volumes were provided with new texts in the speech bubbles in order to e.g. B. to protest in a satirical way against nuclear power (Asterix and the nuclear power plant) , against retrofitting (Asterix in bombastic mood) or against the runway west of Frankfurt airport (Asterix in the Hüttendorf) . Exchange ads from comic book collectors were searched and inquiries about these comics were sent to alternative bookstores. Providers of these booklets received warnings. Gravenreuth also filed a criminal complaint against the organizer of the Cologne Comic Exchange Day on behalf of his client, because a participant at this event offered appropriate booklets. In addition, Gravenreuth made sure that these booklets have not been listed in the comic price catalog with collector value since 1985 .

philately

On the first day of September 1, 2015, Deutsche Post AG issued a block edition of Asterix with three wet-adhesive special stamps - twice 62 euro cents (postage for standard letters in Germany with the Asterix and Obelix motifs ) and once 21 euro cents ( Idefix motif ) - with a total value of 1, 45 euros (postage for large letters in Germany). The design comes from Les Éditions Albert René / Goscinny-Uderzo , the block edition was designed by Thomas Steinacker. Additionally, a released tag set Asterix with ten self-adhesive stamps, each with 62 euro cent (by the same designs to Asterix and Obelix).

Colloquial language

In contemporary colloquial language, “Gauls” or a “Gallic village” often refer to people, institutions or places that oppose or at least evade a thing or development that is prescribed, imposed or otherwise common in the environment. The word combination "All of Gaul? No!" That appears in the opening credits of the volumes, which is also highly recognizable, is occasionally used - when Gaul is replaced by Germany - to ironically draw attention to exceptions to a widely believed fact in Germany .

Parc Asterix

Parc Astérix is an amusement park opened in 1989 in the municipality of Plailly, 30 kilometers north of Paris , to which a hotel complex is attached. This theme park, dedicated to the world of the comic hero Asterix, ranks fourth among the most popular theme parks in France with around 1.8 million visitors.

documentary

Magic potion Asterix. (OT: La Potion Astérix. ) Documentary, France, 2013, 54:30 min, script and direction: Pascal Forneri, production: Cinétévé, arte France, BnF , first broadcast: January 19, 2014 by arte, summary by arte.

literature

Stefan Brenne: Asterix and antiquity . In: Tomas Lochman (Ed.): Antico-mix: Antike in Comics . Basel 1999, ISBN 3-905057-12-3 , pp. 106-119 .
Kai Brodersen (Ed.): Asterix and his time. The big world of the little Gaul . Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-45944-7 .
Manfred Fuhrmann : Asterix the Gauls and the "Roman world". Observations of a secret co-educator in Latin class . In: Manfred Fuhrmann (ed.): Old languages in crisis? Klett, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-12-922250-2 , p. 105-127 .
Hans Grassegger: language game and translation. A study based on the comic series Asterix . Stauffenburg-Verlag, Tübingen 1985, ISBN 3-923721-10-2 .
Christine Gundermann: 50 Years of Resistance: The Asterix Phenomenon . In: Zeithistorische Forschungen , Issue 1, 2009
Keijo Karjalainen: Politix. Asterix and politics . SAXA Verlag, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-939060-08-6 .
Römermuseum Haltern (ed.): "They're spinning, they ..." - With Asterix through the world of the Romans . Ehapa, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7704-0252-9 .
René van Royen, Sunnyva van der Vegt: Asterix - The whole truth . Beck, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-406-43457-6 .
René van Royen, Sunnyva van der Vegt: Asterix on a long journey . Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-45904-8 .

René van Royen, Sunnyva van der Vegt: Asterix discovers the world . Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54775-1 .

Klaus Schmeh : The cult factor - from marketing to myth: 42 success stories from Rolex to Jägermeister . Redline Wirtschaft, Frankfurt 2004, ISBN 3-636-01082-4 (contains a detailed chapter about Asterix and the associated cult).

Wolfgang Schweickard: Linguistic varieties in "Astérix": a comparative consideration of different Romance versions . In: Günter Holtus, Edgar Radtke (Hrsg.): Colloquial language in the Iberoromania. Festschrift for Heinz Kröll . Narr, Tübingen 1984, ISBN 3-87808-235-5 , p. 81-96 .

André Stoll: Asterix - The trivial epic of France . dumont kunst-taschenbücher, Cologne 1974, ISBN 3-7701-0773-X (analysis of all language and image symbols in the first volumes).

Jaap Toorenaar: Asterix, the happy science . Arboris, Zelhem (NL) 2012, ISBN 978-90-344-0723-8 (on almost 145 pages, explanations of volumes 1 to 34, essentially a “position comment” according to page number and image number).

Web links

Commons : Astérix - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Asterix - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wikibooks: Asterix. Fiction and Historical Truth in The Son of Asterix - Learning and Teaching Materials

Literature by and about Asterix in the catalog of the German National Library
Asterix website of the French publisher Les Éditions Albert René
Asterix archive with lexicon and extensive information (private site)
Asterix: le site non officiel francophone (private page with backgrounds and under Étude de l'album lists with allusions and puns from the original editions - French)
Asterix in different languages (English)

Individual evidence

↑
In the French original, the names of the Roman camps are allusions, some of which were not taken into account in the first German translation, but were subsequently retained (René van Royen, Sunnyva van der Vegt: Asterix - The whole truth . CH Beck, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-406-43457-6 , p. 87):
- Aquarium : fishbowl
- Babaorum: Baba au rhum (dessert)
- Kleinbonum: French Petibonum → petit bonhomme , translated "little man "
- Laudanum: tincture of opium
^ Dwight R. Decker: The Comics Journal. 1977, no. 38.
↑ Asterix The Cult Book. Egmont Ehapa Verlag 2000, p. 9.
↑ Jaap Toorenaar: Asterix, the happy science. Arboris Verlag, 2012, p. 7.
^ Paulette Carroll: The Comic Reader. 1979, no. 168, p. 15.
^ Françoise Daum, Dominique Dussol: Evariste Vital Luminais Musée des beaux-arts . 2002, p. 32
↑ Cult comic "Asterix": Guest stars in Gaul .
↑ Gabin, Jean. In: comedix.de. Retrieved November 15, 2011 .
↑ Uderzo: The long way to Asterix . 1st edition. Ehapa Verlag GmbH, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-7704-0700-8 , p. 246 .
↑ Uderzo: The long way to Asterix . 1st edition. Ehapa Verlag GmbH, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-7704-0700-8 , p. 210-211 .
↑ "Astérix chez les Pictes" un irréductible suspense. In: La Dépêche du Midi . October 23, 2013 ( ladepeche.fr , accessed October 25, 2013).
^ Margaret Alvan: Astérix: Johnny Hallyday et Vincent Cassel entrent dans la légende . In: Le Figaro . October 24, 2013 ( lefigaro.fr , accessed October 25, 2013).
^ Margaret Alvan: Astérix: Johnny Hallyday et Vincent Cassel entrent dans la légende . In: Le Figaro. October 24, 2013 ( lefigaro.fr , accessed October 25, 2013).
↑ New Asterix booklet: The Gauls explore Italy , orf.at, October 8, 2017, accessed on October 8, 2017.
^ Henri-Simon Blanc-Hoàng: Antiquity and Bande Dessinée: Schizophrenic Nationalism between Atlanticism and Marxism. In: Annessa Ann Babic: Comics as History, Comics as Literature. Roles of the Comic Book in Scholarship, Society, and Entertainment. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Lanham 2014, p. 19.
↑ Regina Schleicher: Asterix and the stereotypes. In: Klaus Farin and Ralf Palandt (eds.): Right-wing extremism, racism and anti-Semitism in comics . Archiv der Jugendkulturen Verlag, Berlin 2011, pp. 158–161, here p. 160.
^ André Stoll: Asterix - the trivial epic of France. The visual and language artistry of a bestselling comic . DuMont, Stuttgart 1974, pp. 154-159; Regina Schleicher: Asterix and the stereotypes. In: Klaus Farin and Ralf Palandt (eds.): Right-wing extremism, racism and anti-Semitism in comics . Archiv der Jugendkulturen Verlag, Berlin 2011, pp. 158–161, here p. 159.
↑ Richard Herzinger: Culture: When one dies of laughter. Put an end to the cult of the Asterix comics! In: welt.de , October 31, 2009, accessed November 16, 2019.
↑ Horst Berner: Asterix at the Picts. Ferri and Conrad are not stingy with Scottish charms . In: Alfonz - The comic reporter . No. 4/2013 . Edition Alfons, 2013, ISSN 2194-2706 , p. 6 .
↑ ^a ^b He's crazy, Uderzo! In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. October 25, 2009.
↑ ^a ^b Horst Berner: Asterix at the Picts. Ferri and Conrad are not stingy with Scottish charms . Dispute over Asterix. In: Alfonz - The comic reporter . No. 4/2013 . Edition Alfons, 2013, ISSN 2194-2706 , p. 7th f .
↑ Stefan Pannor: New "Asterix" team - generation change, at Teutates! In: Spiegel Online . July 26, 2011, accessed July 27, 2011 .
^ AFP: Asterix change encore de dessinateur. In: lefigaro.fr. October 10, 2012, accessed on October 16, 2012 (French, "Asterix changes the draftsman again").
↑ Lars von Törne: Classic comics: In the shadow of the master. In: Der Tagesspiegel . October 11, 2012, accessed October 16, 2012 .
↑ New Asterix album: They're crazy, the Picts! In: Spiegel Online , March 26, 2013, accessed on May 12, 2012.
↑ Stern Online: Asterix is having a new adventure in Italy on April 5, 2017
^ Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix complete edition . 5th edition. tape 8 . Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-7704-0607-4 , p. 67 .
↑ ^a ^b "The Little Gaul": Marcel Uderzo . In: Klaus D. Schleiter (Ed.): Zack . No. 141 . Mosaik Steinchen for Steinchen Verlag, March 2011, ISSN 1438-2792 , p. 68 (since the author of the article was not given, it is in all probability the editor-in-chief of the issue, Georg FW Tempel, according to his own statements).
^ Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix complete edition . 7th edition. tape 3 . Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-7704-0602-9 , p. 7 .
↑ Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix chats from school (= Asterix . Band 32 ). 1st edition. Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin / Cologne 2013, ISBN 978-3-7704-3632-3 , p. 7 (newly colored edition 2013; hardback and kiosk edition; ISBN only for hardcover).
^ Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix complete edition . 7th edition. tape 3 . Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-7704-0602-9 , p. 65 .
^ Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix complete edition . 6th edition. tape 4 . Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-7704-0603-6 , p. 67 .
^ Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix complete edition . 6th edition. tape 6 . Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-7704-0605-0 , p. 7 .
↑ Alain Beuve-Méry: Asterix, la potion magique d'Hachette . In: Le Monde. October 24, 2013.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Roland Mietz: Lupo modern and FF Super Tip Top: Marcinelle in Grünwald . In: Reddition . Dossier Rolf Kauka and his publishing house, No. 56 . Edition Alfons, Barmstedt May 2012, p. 35-38 .
^ Ralf Palandt : Anti-Semitism in Comics. Anti-Semitism in Kauka Comics. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013 ; Retrieved on November 25, 2013 (citing: Andreas C. Knigge : To be continued - comic culture in Germany . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1986, p. 238).
^ Roland Mietz: Lupo modern and FF Super Tip Top: Marcinelle in Grünwald . In: Reddition . Dossier Rolf Kauka and his publishing house, No. 56 . Edition Alfons, Barmstedt May 2012, p. 39 .
^ Thomas Bleicher: Right-sided or right-hand . In: Krämerermann's comic catalog . tape 97/98 . Krägerermann Verlag, Berlin 1996, DNB 01847182X .
↑ Horst Berner: Asterix from A to Z. A tribute to the 50th birthday . S for Siggi and Babarras. In: Zack . No. 124 . Mosaik Steinchen for Steinchen Verlag, October 2009, ISSN 1438-2792 , p. 8 .
↑ Matthias Heine: When Asterix and Obelix learned German (interview with translator Gudrun Penndorf,) Die Welt , October 29, 2009, accessed on January 27, 2015.
↑ The Kauka Effect.
↑ Ralph Geisenhanslüke: Asterix contra Alcolix - plagiarism or parody? In: The time . May 12, 1989.
↑ Rudolf Gerhardt: Asterix with the lawyers - it is only a small step from parody to plagiarism. In: FAZ . August 31, 1991.
^ Theodor Verweyen : Theory and history of parody - Part I.4: Parody and copyright.
↑ Commercial legal protection and copyright. BGH, March 11, 1993, GRUR 1994 (published in English in International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law. No. 25, 1994)
↑ Stephan Zlanabitnig: Merchandising from the viewpoint of the copyright. GRIN Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-638-81353-2 , p. 15.
↑ Ladas & Parry International Intellectual Property Lawyers: Germany - Fair Use of Cartoon Characters. ( Memento of May 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Newsletter & Bulletin, November 1994.
↑ Leslie Kim Treiger-Bar-Am, Michael Spence: Private Control / Public Speech ( Memento of October 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 72 kB) In: K. Ziegler: Human Rights and Private Law: Privacy as Autonomy. Hart, Oxford 2007, p. 12.
^ Paul Edward Geller: Beyond the copyright crisis: Principles for change (PDF; 172 kB) In: Journal of the Copyright Society of the USA vol. 55, 2008, p. 33.
↑ madtrash.com
↑ Currently at news.fossi.co.uk ( memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) accessed November 10, 2015
↑ Google Asterix logo for the 50th anniversary on October 29, 2009
^ Imanuel Marcus: Asterix: The European Comic Character with a Personality . The Berlin Spectator, October 9, 2019
↑ Asterix in the MosaPedia
↑ Asterix radio play series (EUROPA) on www.comedix.de
↑ Asterix (Europe) on www.hoerspielland.de
↑ Asterix radio play series (carousel) on www.comedix.de
↑ The Gauls come to the browser with Asterix & Friends. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 5, 2013 ; accessed on May 23, 2018 .
↑ official site of the game
^ Hans Grassegger: Language game and translation. A study based on the comic series Asterix . Stauffenburg-Verlag, Tübingen 1985.
↑ Marcel A. Kamp, Philipp Slotty, Sevgi Sarikaya-Seiwert, Hans-Jakob Steiger, Daniel Hänggi: Traumatic brain injuries in illustrated literature: experience from a series of over 700 head injuries in the Asterix comic books . In: Acta Neurochirurgica . tape 153 , no. 6 , April 2011, ISSN 0001-6268 , p. 1351-1355 , doi : 10.1007 / s00701-011-0993-6 .
^ Study of brain trauma in Asterix comics. derstandard.at, June 17, 2011, accessed on July 24, 2011 .
^ Susanne Leuchs, Lasse Greiner, Dominique Dechambre, André Bardow: Druids' Knowledge in Chemical Engineering: Analysis of the Illustrated Literature by Goscinny and Uderzo . In: Chemical Engineer Technology . tape 82 , no. 4 , ISSN 1522-2640 , doi : 10.1002 / cite.201200019 .
↑ TITUS ARNU: The Ga ..., the Ga ... - now completely gaga! In: sueddeutsche.de . 2010, ISSN 0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed March 30, 2018]).
↑ Peter Mühlbauer : 50 Years Asterix - A Little Legal History . Telepolis , October 23, 2009.
↑ asterix.com .
↑ Henrike Roßbach: The lousy crisis managers of educational policy. In: sueddeutsche.de . April 17, 2020, accessed April 19, 2020 .

[1] In the French original, the names of the Roman camps are allusions, some of which were not taken into account in the first German translation, but were subsequently retained (René van Royen, Sunnyva van der Vegt: Asterix - The whole truth . CH Beck, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-406-43457-6 , p. 87):

Aquarium : fishbowl

Babaorum: Baba au rhum (dessert)

Kleinbonum: French Petibonum → petit bonhomme , translated "little man "

Laudanum: tincture of opium

[2] Aquarium : fishbowl

[3] Babaorum: Baba au rhum (dessert)

[4] Kleinbonum: French Petibonum → petit bonhomme , translated "little man "

[5] Laudanum: tincture of opium

[2] Dwight R. Decker: The Comics Journal. 1977, no. 38.

[3] Asterix The Cult Book. Egmont Ehapa Verlag 2000, p. 9.

[4] Jaap Toorenaar: Asterix, the happy science. Arboris Verlag, 2012, p. 7.

[5] Paulette Carroll: The Comic Reader. 1979, no. 168, p. 15.

[6] Françoise Daum, Dominique Dussol: Evariste Vital Luminais Musée des beaux-arts . 2002, p. 32

[7] Cult comic "Asterix": Guest stars in Gaul .

[8] Gabin, Jean. In: comedix.de. Retrieved November 15, 2011 .

[9] Uderzo: The long way to Asterix . 1st edition. Ehapa Verlag GmbH, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-7704-0700-8 , p. 246 .

[10] Uderzo: The long way to Asterix . 1st edition. Ehapa Verlag GmbH, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-7704-0700-8 , p. 210-211 .

[11] "Astérix chez les Pictes" un irréductible suspense. In: La Dépêche du Midi . October 23, 2013 ( ladepeche.fr , accessed October 25, 2013).

[12] Margaret Alvan: Astérix: Johnny Hallyday et Vincent Cassel entrent dans la légende . In: Le Figaro . October 24, 2013 ( lefigaro.fr , accessed October 25, 2013).

[13] Margaret Alvan: Astérix: Johnny Hallyday et Vincent Cassel entrent dans la légende . In: Le Figaro. October 24, 2013 ( lefigaro.fr , accessed October 25, 2013).

[14] New Asterix booklet: The Gauls explore Italy , orf.at, October 8, 2017, accessed on October 8, 2017.

[15] Henri-Simon Blanc-Hoàng: Antiquity and Bande Dessinée: Schizophrenic Nationalism between Atlanticism and Marxism. In: Annessa Ann Babic: Comics as History, Comics as Literature. Roles of the Comic Book in Scholarship, Society, and Entertainment. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Lanham 2014, p. 19.

[16] Regina Schleicher: Asterix and the stereotypes. In: Klaus Farin and Ralf Palandt (eds.): Right-wing extremism, racism and anti-Semitism in comics . Archiv der Jugendkulturen Verlag, Berlin 2011, pp. 158–161, here p. 160.

[17] André Stoll: Asterix - the trivial epic of France. The visual and language artistry of a bestselling comic . DuMont, Stuttgart 1974, pp. 154-159; Regina Schleicher: Asterix and the stereotypes. In: Klaus Farin and Ralf Palandt (eds.): Right-wing extremism, racism and anti-Semitism in comics . Archiv der Jugendkulturen Verlag, Berlin 2011, pp. 158–161, here p. 159.

[18] Richard Herzinger: Culture: When one dies of laughter. Put an end to the cult of the Asterix comics! In: welt.de , October 31, 2009, accessed November 16, 2019.

[19] Horst Berner: Asterix at the Picts. Ferri and Conrad are not stingy with Scottish charms . In: Alfonz - The comic reporter . No. 4/2013 . Edition Alfons, 2013, ISSN 2194-2706 , p. 6 .

[NZZ-20] He's crazy, Uderzo! In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. October 25, 2009.

[Streit-21] Horst Berner: Asterix at the Picts. Ferri and Conrad are not stingy with Scottish charms . Dispute over Asterix. In: Alfonz - The comic reporter . No. 4/2013 . Edition Alfons, 2013, ISSN 2194-2706 , p. 7th f .

[22] Stefan Pannor: New "Asterix" team - generation change, at Teutates! In: Spiegel Online . July 26, 2011, accessed July 27, 2011 .

[23] AFP: Asterix change encore de dessinateur. In: lefigaro.fr. October 10, 2012, accessed on October 16, 2012 (French, "Asterix changes the draftsman again").

[24] Lars von Törne: Classic comics: In the shadow of the master. In: Der Tagesspiegel . October 11, 2012, accessed October 16, 2012 .

[25] New Asterix album: They're crazy, the Picts! In: Spiegel Online , March 26, 2013, accessed on May 12, 2012.

[26] Stern Online: Asterix is having a new adventure in Italy on April 5, 2017

[27] Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix complete edition . 5th edition. tape 8 . Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-7704-0607-4 , p. 67 .

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[29] Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix complete edition . 7th edition. tape 3 . Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-7704-0602-9 , p. 7 .

[30] Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix chats from school (= Asterix . Band 32 ). 1st edition. Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin / Cologne 2013, ISBN 978-3-7704-3632-3 , p. 7 (newly colored edition 2013; hardback and kiosk edition; ISBN only for hardcover).

[31] Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix complete edition . 7th edition. tape 3 . Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-7704-0602-9 , p. 65 .

[32] Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix complete edition . 6th edition. tape 4 . Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-7704-0603-6 , p. 67 .

[33] Albert Uderzo, René Goscinny: Asterix complete edition . 6th edition. tape 6 . Egmont Ehapa Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-7704-0605-0 , p. 7 .

[lemonde-34] Alain Beuve-Méry: Asterix, la potion magique d'Hachette . In: Le Monde. October 24, 2013.

[mietz-35] Roland Mietz: Lupo modern and FF Super Tip Top: Marcinelle in Grünwald . In: Reddition . Dossier Rolf Kauka and his publishing house, No. 56 . Edition Alfons, Barmstedt May 2012, p. 35-38 .

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[37] Roland Mietz: Lupo modern and FF Super Tip Top: Marcinelle in Grünwald . In: Reddition . Dossier Rolf Kauka and his publishing house, No. 56 . Edition Alfons, Barmstedt May 2012, p. 39 .

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[40] Matthias Heine: When Asterix and Obelix learned German (interview with translator Gudrun Penndorf,) Die Welt , October 29, 2009, accessed on January 27, 2015.

[41] The Kauka Effect.

[42] Ralph Geisenhanslüke: Asterix contra Alcolix - plagiarism or parody? In: The time . May 12, 1989.

[43] Rudolf Gerhardt: Asterix with the lawyers - it is only a small step from parody to plagiarism. In: FAZ . August 31, 1991.

[44] Theodor Verweyen : Theory and history of parody - Part I.4: Parody and copyright.

[45] Commercial legal protection and copyright. BGH, March 11, 1993, GRUR 1994 (published in English in International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law. No. 25, 1994)

[46] Stephan Zlanabitnig: Merchandising from the viewpoint of the copyright. GRIN Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-638-81353-2 , p. 15.

[47] Ladas & Parry International Intellectual Property Lawyers: Germany - Fair Use of Cartoon Characters. ( Memento of May 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Newsletter & Bulletin, November 1994.

[48] Leslie Kim Treiger-Bar-Am, Michael Spence: Private Control / Public Speech ( Memento of October 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 72 kB) In: K. Ziegler: Human Rights and Private Law: Privacy as Autonomy. Hart, Oxford 2007, p. 12.

[49] Paul Edward Geller: Beyond the copyright crisis: Principles for change (PDF; 172 kB) In: Journal of the Copyright Society of the USA vol. 55, 2008, p. 33.

[50] trash.com

[51] Currently at news.fossi.co.uk ( memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) accessed November 10, 2015

[52] Google Asterix logo for the 50th anniversary on October 29, 2009

[53] Imanuel Marcus: Asterix: The European Comic Character with a Personality . The Berlin Spectator, October 9, 2019

[54] Asterix in the MosaPedia

[55] Asterix radio play series (EUROPA) on www.comedix.de

[56] Asterix (Europe) on www.hoerspielland.de

[57] Asterix radio play series (carousel) on www.comedix.de

[58] The Gauls come to the browser with Asterix & Friends. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 5, 2013 ; accessed on May 23, 2018 .

[59] site of the game

[60] Hans Grassegger: Language game and translation. A study based on the comic series Asterix . Stauffenburg-Verlag, Tübingen 1985.

[61] Marcel A. Kamp, Philipp Slotty, Sevgi Sarikaya-Seiwert, Hans-Jakob Steiger, Daniel Hänggi: Traumatic brain injuries in illustrated literature: experience from a series of over 700 head injuries in the Asterix comic books . In: Acta Neurochirurgica . tape 153 , no. 6 , April 2011, ISSN 0001-6268 , p. 1351-1355 , doi : 10.1007 / s00701-011-0993-6 .

[62] Study of brain trauma in Asterix comics. derstandard.at, June 17, 2011, accessed on July 24, 2011 .

[63] Susanne Leuchs, Lasse Greiner, Dominique Dechambre, André Bardow: Druids' Knowledge in Chemical Engineering: Analysis of the Illustrated Literature by Goscinny and Uderzo . In: Chemical Engineer Technology . tape 82 , no. 4 , ISSN 1522-2640 , doi : 10.1002 / cite.201200019 .

[64] TITUS ARNU: The Ga ..., the Ga ... - now completely gaga! In: sueddeutsche.de . 2010, ISSN 0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed March 30, 2018]).

[65] Peter Mühlbauer : 50 Years Asterix - A Little Legal History . Telepolis , October 23, 2009.

[66] sterix.com .

[67] Henrike Roßbach: The lousy crisis managers of educational policy. In: sueddeutsche.de . April 17, 2020, accessed April 19, 2020 .