Mountains on Rügen
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Coordinates: 54 ° 25 ' N , 13 ° 26' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | |
| County : | Western Pomerania-Ruegen | |
| Office : | Mountains on Rügen | |
| Height : | 63 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 51.42 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 13,478 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 262 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 18528 | |
| Area code : | 03838 | |
| License plate : | VR, GMN, NVP, RDG, RÜG | |
| Community key : | 13 0 73 010 | |
| LOCODE : | DE UBI | |
| City structure: | 17 districts | |
City administration address : |
Markt 5–6 18528 Bergen on Rügen |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Anja Ratzke (independent) | |
| Location of the city of Bergen on Rügen in the Vorpommern-Rügen district | ||
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Bergen auf Rügen is located in the center of the island of Rügen in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Since 2005, Bergen has been the administrative seat of the Bergen auf Rügen office , the most populous office in the country with over 23,000 inhabitants . The city is one of 18 medium-sized centers in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and the capital of the island.
geography
Geographical location
Bergen is centrally located on Germany's largest island, Rügen . The city is located in a hilly area, directly on the northeastern outskirts of the city, the Rugard reaches a height of 91 m above sea level. NHN . The area around Bergen is largely agricultural. The place itself is located on a hill that was created during the last ice age when the ice retreated.
Not far from the center are the Kleine Jasmunder Bodden in a north-easterly direction , and the Greifswalder Bodden to the south-east as well as the town of Putbus .
South of the city, the Kiebitzmoor and northwest of the reactivated again in winter 1993/94 is Nonnensee .
City structure
The following districts belong to Bergen on Rügen:
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history
Surname
The origins of the name can be traced back to the year 1232. At that time, a place was on Ruegen Gora = mountain called whose name polabischen language of Ranen sprang. The Roeskilder matriculation of 1294 mentioned the place as Villa Berghe and in 1278 it was written Berghe , 1302 then Bergh in Ruya and 1306 Berghen . In 1314, Bergen was mentioned in a document under the name villa montis .
On November 6, 1995 the name was changed from Bergen / Rügen to Bergen auf Rügen.
middle Ages
Bergen looks back on over a thousand years of history. However, the first settlements in what is now Bergen's area are much older. The most striking proof of this is the Marienkirche south of the market square.
Soon after the fall of Jaromarsburg in 1168, construction of the Marienkirche as the palace church of Rügen prince Jaromar I began. In 1193 the church, which had already been completed and consecrated to the west, was handed over to a Cistercian convent . From 1190 the west building was added. Even today it still has a very special curiosity to offer: the dial on the north side of the church tower shows 61 minutes. Favored by the establishment of the monastery, the first jug was made in 1232.
Bergen remained under the leadership of the monastery until the 15th century. City fires such as that of 1445 destroyed almost the whole place, the monastery and parts of the church.
Early modern age
The Reformation was introduced in Pomerania through a resolution passed by the Landtag in Treptow in 1534 . The monastery passed into the possession of the Pomeranian duke.
It was not until 1613 that Duke Philipp Julius of Pommern-Wolgast conferred city rights . Bergen had to pay 8,000 marks to the duke for the granting of various privileges and the adoption of the Lübischen law . Soon there were disputes over the interpretation of the award of rights, so that as early as 1616 a commission had to clarify open questions between the duke and the city. The Thirty Years' War brought about a painful time for Bergen from 1628 on. War and the plague reduced the population to 400. In 1690 and 1726 many houses and the council archives again burned down.
19th century
The first handicraft companies did not emerge until 1823 and 1853, when leather factories started their work here. In 1883, the first trains arrived at Bergen station from Altefähr . In 1877 the Ernst Moritz Arndt Tower was completed on the Rugard. The dairy started work in 1890, and the post office was built on the market in 1891. District office, district court , customs and tax office followed. When the water and electricity works went into operation in 1898 and 1899, Bergen had an infrastructure suitable for a district town.
20th century
At the end of World War II complaints was from May 4, 1945 without a fight from the Red Army occupied .
After the founding of the GDR in 1949, industrialization was driven forward. In 1952, construction of the industrial site began on the north-western outskirts of the city. In 1953/58 the new dairy was built north of the train station, which processed 300 tons of milk a day. The Rügen bath boy , a nationally known soft cheese, was made here until the dairy closed in October 2019 . In 1955/56 VEB bread and baked goods was established. In 1957/58 the slaughterhouse and meat factory started production under the name VEB Fleischwirtschaft Bergen. An efficient food industry developed in Bergen, which supplied the island and parts of the mainland. From 1965 to 1988, the large residential areas Bergen-Süd with 1923 apartments and Rotensee with 2464 apartments were built using the panel construction method that was common at the time .
After the political change, the historic city center and from 1995 the large Rotensee housing estate were fundamentally renovated as part of urban development funding. The new districts were modernized and adapted to the new requirements. In addition, some schools were closed and new hotels were built.
History of the districts and districts
Lipsitz was first mentioned in a document in 1307. The estate was owned by the von der Lancken (until 1382), von Putbus (until 1603), von der Osten (until 1730), von Platen (until 1829), von Wackenitz (until 1834) and von Lancken-Wakenitz (until 1945). The manor house, which was probably built in the 18th century, has fallen into disrepair.
Ramitz: The renovated manor house was built around 1800.
Tetel is the smallest district of Bergen on Rügen. It is located southeast of Bergen, right next to Zittvitz. Three families live in Tetel. The oldest house is around 120 years old.
Thesenvitz: The place name comes from the Slavic Tesenovici and means people of Tesen , a reference to the settlers. In 2009 the place had 399 inhabitants.
Bergen South is the most populous district of Bergen. It consists mainly of prefabricated buildings and was built in the mid-1960s. The buildings were renovated between 1991 and 2018. Bergen South has one of two cemeteries in the city and a commercial area where several car dealerships, a workshop for people with intellectual disabilities (to sheltered workshops ), the municipal building yard and other small businesses have settled.
Rotensee is the second most populous district of Bergen and is located in the west of the city. Just like Bergen Süd, Rotensee consists of prefabricated buildings that were built from the 1980s onwards. The first houses were not renovated until 2000. Due to the city's population decline, some houses have been demolished or dismantled. Rotensee has three day-care centers , a regional all-day school , the socio-cultural neighborhood center / multi-generation house (NBZ Rotensee) and a special needs school .
From 1952 to 1955, Bergen was the district town of the district of the same name in the newly founded GDR district of Rostock . The circle Bergen was on 1 January 1956 with the Kreis Bergen on Rügen county united. Bergen remained 1956-1990 district seat of the complaints in the district of Rostock 1990 to 2011 the district Rügen in the country Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . With the district reform in 2011 , Bergen lost its status as a district town and has been in the Vorpommern-Rügen district since then .
Incorporations
On January 1, 2011, the previously independent municipality of Thesenvitz with the districts of Lipsitz, Ramitz and Ramitz Siedlung was incorporated into Bergen on Rügen.
Population development
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from 1990: as of December 31 of the respective year
politics
City council
The local elections on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following distribution of seats:
| Party / group of voters | Seats 2014 | Seats 2019 |
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| Bergen Alliance | - | 7th |
| CDU | 12 | 5 |
| The left | 5 | 5 |
| AfD | - | 3 |
| SPD | 4th | 2 |
| FDP | 1 | 1 |
| Bergen Free Voters | - | 1 |
| Single applicant Raik Knüppel | - | 1 |
| Alliance for Rügen | 1 | - |
| Individual applicant Uwe Hinz | 1 | - |
| Alliance 90 / The Greens | 1 | - |
| All in all | 25th | 25th |
mayor
- 1991–2015: Andrea Köster (CDU)
- since 2015: Anja Ratzke (independent)
Ratzke was elected in the mayoral election on April 26, 2015 with 54.8% of the valid votes for a term of seven years.
coat of arms
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Blazon : "In silver on a green three-mountain, a red tower with a closed silver gate, from whose battlements a double-tailed, gold-reinforced and crowned black lion with a knocked out red tongue grows."
The coat of arms was registered under the number 137 of the coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. It was redrawn in 1998. |
flag
The city's flag is evenly striped lengthways with green, white and red. In the middle of the flag is the city's coat of arms, one third of the height of the green and red stripes. The length of the flag is related to the height as 5: 3.
Town twinning
Bergen maintains city partnerships with the following cities:
- Oldenburg in Holstein (Schleswig-Holstein)
- Goleniów (Poland)
- Svedala (Sweden)
- Palanga (Lithuania)
Sights and culture
Buildings
- St. Marien monastery church ; Started after 1168 as the palace church of Rügen Prince Jaromar I and completed before 1193 except for the western building. The three-aisled basilica church is the oldest preserved brick building in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The tombstone set into the outer wall of St. Mary's Church is said to be that of the prince. The Romanesque wall painting is remarkable - it is considered the only example of the complete painting of a church in Northern Germany. In the 14th century it was expanded into a hall church .
- St. Bonifatius Church , seat of the Catholic parish on Rügen
- Monastery building of the monastery founded in 1193 from the 12th and 13th centuries, partly abandoned around 1600 and after 1829, so that only remnants of the refectory in the gatehouse and two two-storey monastery houses from 1732 made of bricks remain
- Benedix-Haus am Markt, one of the oldest half-timbered houses on the island of Rügen, has housed the registry office and tourist information office since its restoration in 2000
- Birthplace of Theodor Billroth in the street named after him south of the district court
- Town houses, mostly two-story half - timbered houses like the house at Kirchplatz 13 with a brick facade
- Beautiful front doors, e.g. B. Mühlenstrasse 4
- Memorial stone for twelve murdered prisoners of the Stutthof concentration camp , who were shot by SS men during the evacuation of the camp and their arrival in Lauterbach and buried in Bergen in 1947, at the cemetery entrance on Billrothstrasse
- Cenotaph for anti-fascist resistance fighters from 1964 on Rugardweg
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Tower at 91 m above sea level. NHN in the Rugard forest from 1877 with an impressive panoramic view of large parts of the island
Culture
- Bergen City Museum in one of the carefully restored buildings of the former monastery courtyard
- on the ground floor: prehistory and early history of Rügen from the Stone Age to the end of the Slav period in 1168, when the main shrine on Arkona was destroyed and the Ranen were Christianized,
- on the upper floor: the time when the monastery was founded and examples from Bergen city history up to the middle of the 19th century
- Bergen Rotensee is a socio-cultural neighborhood center, with a club cinema since 2005. Readings, concerts and creative arts are at home here.
- Media and Information Center MIZ with a public library and a small cinema of the mobile cinema film club Güstrow and cinema Lichtspiele Sassnitz as a regional institution of the umbrella organization of cultural cinemas and film clubs, film communication National Association Mecklenburg-Vorpommern .
- Rugard adventure world with summer toboggan run, climbing forest, mini golf course and slide tower not far from the market square. This also includes a go-kart and quad track in the Tetel district on the southeastern edge of the Rugard
- Rugard stage, an open-air stage in the forest where concerts and festivals take place
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Bergen can be reached from the mainland via Stralsund and the Rügen dam via the B 96 , which meets the B 105 towards Rostock in Stralsund . A second Strelasund crossing , which was opened on October 19, 2007, was built to relieve the strain on the Rügen dam, which often becomes a bottleneck, especially in the summer months . The federal road 96 between Altefähr and Bergen, in connection with the construction of the Rügen feeder from the BAB 20, has been rebuilt in three lanes and, in contrast to the old federal road, leads past the neighboring villages. A relief route leads from Altefähr via Garz / Rügen and Putbus to Serams to the island's seaside resorts. Another way to get to Bergen by car is the Glewitz ferry between Stahlbrode on the mainland and Glewitz on the Zudar peninsula . The B 196 branches off in Bergen, which opens up the eastern part of the island with the seaside resorts. The B 96 itself continues to Sassnitz .
Bergen is connected to the railway network via the Bergen auf Rügen train station . Long-distance trains have been reaching the island since the first railway line was built on Rügen in 1883. The island's capital has always benefited from this, as it is located directly on the main traffic artery to the seaside resorts and the Sassnitz ferry port . ICE connections to Binz, Berlin and Munich have been in place since 2011.
There is a dense bus network operated by Verkehrsgesellschaft Vorpommern-Rügen (VVR) in local public transport . The buses run on the main routes i. d. Usually every hour, individual trips in summer also offer the possibility of bicycle transport. The central bus station not far from Bergen train station is the central hub of the network, several core lines meet here. Accordingly, there is also a VVR depot in Bergen .
education
In Bergen there are two primary schools ("Am Rugard" with Montessori branch, "Altstadt"), two regional schools ("Am Rugard", "Am Grünen Berg") and the special education center "Klaus Störtebeker" (general special needs school), the grammar school "Ernst Moritz Arndt", a music school and an adult education center .
sons and daughters of the town
Born before 1900
- Hermann Andreas Pistorius (1730–1798), theologian, philosopher, reviewer, writer and translator
- Franz Philipp Breitsprecher (ennobled as von Breitenstern; 1739–1798), German lawyer, university professor and judge at the Wismar Higher Tribunal
- Karl Christoph Gottlieb von Gagern (1743–1825), baron, French officer and high court official in the Duchy of Pfalz-Zweibrücken
- Gustav Anton von Wolffradt (1762–1833), politician
- Johann Jacob Grümbke (1771–1849), historian and geographer
- Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm von Barnekow (1779–1838), royal Prussian major general
- Arnold Ruge (1802-1880), writer
- Theodor Billroth (1829–1894), doctor and surgeon
- Paul Langemak (1835–1926), politician and councilor
- Gustava Bley (1844–1930), composer, pianist, choir director
- Hans Delbrück (1848–1929), historian and politician
- Max Delbrück (1850–1919), agricultural chemist
- Georg Karl Boldt (1851–1916), went from dishwasher to millionaire in America and to operator of the Waldorf-Astoria New York
- Karl Albrecht (1859–1929), Protestant theologian, philologist and orientalist
- Alfred Haas (1860–1950), historian, folklorist and high school teacher; Collector of Pomeranian sagas
- Fritz Möller (1860–1923), photographer
- Gustav Kirchhoff (1863–1945), naval officer, most recently rear admiral of the Reichsmarine
- Berthold Rassow (1866–1954), chemist
- August Emil Theodor Haase (1867–1934), Hamburg restaurateur and city original
- Gustav Hammer (1875–1961), mechanical engineer
- Hans Langsdorff (1894–1939), sea captain and commander of the ironclad " Admiral Graf Spee "
- Wolfgang Jacobi (1894–1972), composer and music teacher
Born after 1900
- Dieter Willers (* 1938), Admiral Physician in the Navy
- Andreas Khol (* 1941), Austrian politician
- Dietrich Schuchardt (* 1945), painter (surrealism)
- Sebastian Pflugbeil (* 1947), civil rights activist and minister without a portfolio of the GDR
- Angelika Hunger (* 1952), politician (Die Linke)
- Jörg Resler (* 1955), former child actor, writer, doctor
- Holger Teschke (* 1958), author
- Andrea Heim (* 1961), volleyball player and Olympic medalist
- Diana Gansky (* 1963), track and field athlete and Olympic medalist
- Nils Jörn (* 1964), historian
- Renate Meinhof (* 1966), journalist
- Michael Peter (* 1968), rower
- Ines Pianka (* 1969), volleyball player
- Rico Nestmann (1969–2016), wildlife and nature photographer
- Thomas Gansauge (* 1970), football player
- Kai Gersch (* 1971), politician (FDP)
- Anna Hoffmann (* 1971), poet
- Steffi Nerius (* 1972), athlete (javelin throw)
- Gino Leonhard (* 1972), politician (FDP)
- Devid Striesow (* 1973), actor
- Björn Laars (* 1974), soccer player
- Christian Schwochow (* 1978), film director and screenwriter
- Anke Harnack (* 1979), reporter and presenter
- Antje Heyn (* 1979), animation director and studio founder
- Oliver Kluck (* 1980), writer and playwright
- Thomas Wilhelm (* 1984), athlete
- Annie Hoffmann (* 1984), presenter and model
- Martin Hoffmann (* 1984), ice hockey player
- René Gögge (* 1985), politician (Alliance 90 / The Greens)
- Marc Schröder (* 1990), cyclist
- Wibke Meister (* 1995), soccer player
literature
- Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1965 (reprinted in 1996 by Sendet Reprint Verlag, Vaduz, ISBN 3-253-02734-1 ), pp. 39–42 ( full text ).
- Wolfgang Rudolph: The island of Rügen. Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 1999, ISBN 3-356-00814-5 .
Web links
- Website of the city of Bergen on Rügen
- Literature about mountains on Rügen in the state bibliography MV
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ^ Main statute of the city of Bergen on Rügen, § 1
- ^ Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania. Pp. 40–41 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Population development of the districts and municipalities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Statistical Report AI of the Statistical Office Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
- ↑ Result of the local elections on May 25, 2014. Accessed on July 23, 2020 .
- ↑ Result of the local elections on May 26, 2019. Accessed on July 23, 2020 .
- ↑ Anja Ratzke wins mayoral election in Bergen. In: Ostsee-Zeitung . April 27, 2015, accessed July 23, 2020 .
- ↑ Main statute of the city of Bergen on Rügen, § 6
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on April 26, 2015
- ^ Main statute of the city of Bergen on Rügen, § 1
- ↑ Sabine-Maria Weitzel: The Romanesque wall paintings in the choir and transept of the St. Mary's Church in Bergen on Rügen - original and invention. In: Baltic Studies . Pomeranian yearbooks for national history. New series Volume 91 (Volume 137 of the complete series) 2005, Kiel 2006, pp. 39–60.
- ↑ Gerold Schmidt: The church painter and mosaic artist of historicism Prof. August Oetken (1868–1951). In: The Melanchthon House in Bretten. Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 1997, pp. 167–212.
- ↑ Schools
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