Marne (Holstein)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Marne
Marne (Holstein)
Map of Germany, position of the city of Marne highlighted

Coordinates: 53 ° 57 '  N , 9 ° 1'  E

Basic data
State : Schleswig-Holstein
Circle : Dithmarschen
Office : Marne North Sea
Height : 2 m above sea level NHN
Area : 4.83 km 2
Residents: 5951 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 1232 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 25709
Area code : 04851
License plate : HEI, MED
Community key : 01 0 51 072
LOCODE : DE MAE
Office administration address: Old churchyard 4/5
25709 Marne
Website : www.amt-marne-nordsee.de
Mayor : Klaus Braak ( CDU )
Location of the city of Marne in the Dithmarschen district
map

Marne ( Low German : Marn ) is a town (since 1891) in the Dithmarschen district in Schleswig-Holstein . It is a sub-center and seat of the Marne-North Sea Office .

geography

location

Marne is the center of the Dithmarscher Südermarsch .

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are the communities of Helse , Volsemenhusen , Diekhusen-Fahrstedt , Neufeld and Marnerdeich (all in the Dithmarschen district), starting clockwise in the north .

history

Surname

Marne was called Myrne in the 12th century and Roden Merne and Roden Marre in the 15th century . The name Marne appears in the early 16th century, as well as Merne in 1559. The name comes from Old Saxon and means settlement on the high bank .

Early history

The first permanent settlement of the Dithmarsch Marsch after the drop in sea ​​level from the 1st century AD was made by the Chauken . While the settlements were initially laid out on the ground floor, the onset of stormy periods required from the 2nd / 3rd. Century the construction of artificial mounds, the so-called Wurten . Iron Age settlements from the area around Marne can be proven for Trennewurth , Krumwehl and Ostermenghusen .

Middle Ages and early modern times

Around the year 1000, the individual Wurten in Süderdithmarschen were connected by a dam that reached from Meldorfer Geestrand via Ammerswurth , Elpersbüttel , Busenwurth , Trennewurth , Fahrstedt and Schmedeswurth to the Elbe . The parish of Marne was first mentioned in a document from 1281. Marne together with the parishes of Brunsbüttel , Burg and Eddelak formed the parish group Süderdöfft . While the four other Dithmarsch parish groups merged in 1447 according to the so-called Dithmarscher Landrecht , the Süderdöfft did not send any representatives to the highest arbitral tribunal, the Forty- Eight Council , but formed its own council, which did not associate with the Forty- Eight until 1541. The rule of the peasant republic of Dithmarschen ended in the last feud in 1559 with the submission by an army of the Danish King Friedrich II and the dukes of Schleswig and Holstein under the general Johann Rantzau . With the tripartite division of Dithmarschens, Marne was placed under the Danish king.

16.-18. century

New land was gained through dike work in the 16th and 17th centuries. In particular due to the Koog Ammerswurth-Marne (1578–1581) and the Marner Neuen Koog (1608), Marne lost its direct access to the sea due to the new dyke line. Further land reclamations in the following period, for example the Sophienkoog (1717–1718) and the Kronprinzenkoog (1785–1787), increased the distance to the sea. However, the enlarged surrounding area strengthened Marnes' position as a market place. A school in Marne was mentioned for the first time in 1572 and in 1689 the Danish King Christian V permitted by decree to hold a “general, cattle and horse market” twice a year in addition to a weekly market. The population grew from around 300 in the second half of the 16th century to 890 inhabitants in 1803.

19th century

Important cornerstones for the traffic connection to Marnes were the expansion of the country road from Heide via Meldorf and Marne to Brunsbüttel in 1851 to a traffic route known as Chaussee, as well as the railway connection ( Marschenbahn ) opened in 1880 .

With the incorporation of Dithmarschen into the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein in 1867, as part of the associated administrative reform in Marne - in addition to Meldorf - a district court was established for the new district of Süderdithmarschen . On October 1, 1891, Marne was granted city rights as the third Dithmarscher place after Meldorf (1869) and Heide (1870) and left the parish of Marne . The first mayor of the city of Marne was the parish bailiff Christian Plambeck (1836-1914). In 1893 the Marner hospital was built and in 1898 a power station was built.

In 1860 a higher private school was set up in Marne, from which the "Higher Parish School" emerged in 1871 and which on May 12, 1874 was authorized to hold recognized discharge examinations. 1874 can therefore be seen as the year of the foundation of today's Marner Gymnasium. The school was initially run as a Realprogymnasium and from 1896 as a Realschule without Latin .

20th century

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Marnes townscape changed significantly with the construction of the Maria Magdalenen Church from 1904–1906 under the direction of the church builder Wilhelm Voigt (1857–1916), and the construction of the town hall in 1914/1915. In 1913 the new school building of today's Marner Gymnasium was inaugurated and the school was given the right to use the name "Kaiser Wilhelm School". In 1927 the school was converted into an upper secondary school, so that in 1930 the first graduate class left the school.

Towards the end of the Weimar Republic , the political landscape in Süderdithmarschen was shaped by the strong performance of the NSDAP in various elections. While in the Reichstag election in 1928 the National Socialists only played a subordinate role in the German Reich with 2.6% of the vote and in Schleswig-Holstein with 4.0%, they achieved 17.8% in Süderdithmarschen after the SPD (30.6%) %) the second strongest result. In the 1930 Reichstag election , the NSDAP in Süderdithmarschen was already the strongest party (36.3%) and in the first Reichstag election in 1932 it had an absolute majority of 59.8%. This political constellation also led to violent clashes in Marne. In July 1932 the KPD functionary Adolf Bauer was murdered by SS members from Marne.

Monument to Wilhelm Stöfen at Stöfenpark, 2017

After the seizure of power by the Nazis in 1933 and elected since 1924 reigning Marner remained mayor Wilhelm Stöfen until 1937 in his office before he was replaced by the local Nazi group leader Hans Wigger. During the Second World War , there was a bombing raid in Marne on April 25, 1945, with serious damage and a number of deaths.

From the mid-1960s onwards, Marne benefited economically from the new industrial area in Brunsbüttel , which was funded by the state of Schleswig-Holstein - the largest industrial settlement in northern Germany after the war. When the two districts of Süder- and Norderdithmarschen were merged in 1970, the district court in Marne was repealed and Meldorf became the seat of the district court for the entire new district of Dithmarschen . In the 1970s, the state planning authority classified Marne, like Meldorf , as a sub-center alongside the two medium-sized centers Heide and Brunsbüttel . With the construction of a new hospital in Brunsbüttel, the hospital in Marne was closed in 1977.

Development of the urban area

Population development

Annual population of the city of Marne since 2000.

Since 1970, the population has fluctuated between the lowest level of 5383 (May 27, 1970) and the highest level of 6154 (December 31, 2001). After a population decline from 2001-2013 (5590 inhabitants on December 31, 2001), the population is increasing again slightly and is currently 5892 (March 31, 2019).

politics

City council

Of the 20 seats in the Municipal Corporation have since the local elections in 2018 CDU seven seats, the SPD , the voter community KWV and the FDP four seats and each the Left a seat.

coat of arms

Blazon : "In blue over a continuous silver crenellated wall with an open gate, inside a golden portcullis, the growing, gold nimbed and clad Saint Matthew, who holds a silver hatchet with a red handle, accompanied on both sides by a silver ring."

The current coat of arms, which was confirmed by the provincial government in 1892, comes from the oldest known image seal of the parish of Marne, which has been handed down in an impression from 1392. It shows St. Matthew with a nimbus and a book standing on stones. The wall and ring motifs added in 1892 symbolize the marsh dykes. In a second seal from the 15th century, St. Mary Magdalene and St. Matthew appear side by side as patrons of the Marner Church with their attributes.

Town twinning

Since 28./30. September 1990 there is a town partnership with the town of Burg Stargard ( Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ).

architecture

Town hall (left) and church in the town center.

The Büsum town hall was used as a model for the construction of the Marner town hall. In fact, both town halls look very similar.

According to stories, there should have been a competition with the Meldorfer Dom during the construction of the Maria Magdalenen Church . Accordingly, the Marner church was initially higher than the Meldorfer Dom. However, this was then simply built a little higher. As a result of this competition, the narrow steeple of the Marner church emerged.

traffic

The B 5 runs through Marne between Husum and Brunsbüttel . Marne is located on the St. Michaelisdonn – Friedrichskoog railway line, which has been closed since 1984 , a branch line of the Marschbahn (branch at St. Michaelisdonn ) to Friedrichskoog . The section from Marne to Friedrichskoog has been completely dismantled, while the nine-kilometer route between Marne and Sankt Michaelisdonn can now be traveled with bicycle draisines (with sailing assistance depending on the wind).

economy

The Hintz brewery is located in the center of the village.

The local food industry processes products from the fertile marshland.

The company Friesenkrone, which markets beyond the borders of Germany, focuses on the production of herring specialties. Also known is the Karl Hintz brewery , which traditionally fills beer ( Beugelbuddelbeer ) in swing top bottles .

The Dithmarsch branch of the Schleswig-Holstein company health insurance fund is located in Marne .

Rijk Zwaan Marne GmbH (formerly GZG Marne Saaten AG) breeds globally known types of headed cabbage such as white and red cabbage .

Culture and sights

Educational institutions

All types of schools are represented in Marne: primary and community schools including kindergarten and supervised primary schools, special needs schools and grammar schools. There is also an adult education center.

  • Reimer-Bull-Schule (elementary and community school), Hafenstrasse (542 students in 25 classes)
  • High School Marne (European School), Bürgermeister-Plambeck-Strasse (607 students in 26 classes)

Student numbers from the school year 2019/2020

Marne cultural and community center

The Kultur- und Bürgerhaus (KBH) Marne was realized as part of the urban development program and with European funding and opened in March 2009. The new building is attached to the house of the Dithmarsch photographer Thomas Backens . The KBH shows changing exhibitions of contemporary, regional artists and organizes concerts, cabaret and comedy, theater, readings and cabaret.

Local museum Marner Skatclub

The Skat Club Museum was created in 1928 from the club building of the Marner Skat Club, founded in 1873, in which the members housed their collection of rarities. It contains an art-historical and local history collection from the area of ​​the city, the parish and the kings. In addition, prehistoric finds from the shell-heap culture , the younger Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age.

Parks and green spaces

The approximately four hectare large Stöfenpark is located in the immediate vicinity of the city center. This was conceived in the late 1950s and inaugurated in 1961 after the former mayor Stöfen bequeathed his farm to the city for urban development and social purposes. The park is characterized by an extensive tree population with many exotic tree species, for example the trumpet tree or the wingnut .

Two other smaller parks are the Goethe and Hintz parks. The Goethepark was created in 1949 and was the city's first green space. It houses a Goethe monument, inaugurated in 1951. Hintzpark is a private park open to the public.

The Bürgermeister-Puls hiking trail along the Neufelder Fleeth on the western outskirts, together with the Stöfenpark, is an essential part of the inner-city green axis.

carnival

Marne is a carnival center in Schleswig-Holstein, which is otherwise far from the carnival. Not only do various carnival events take place during the season, but the small town also hosts the largest Rose Monday parade in the state. For example, more than 50 floats and groups took part in the Carnival in Marne in 2008, which attracted more than 15,000 visitors. Two days later, the SPD traditionally holds a Political Ash Wednesday ; mostly political celebrities from Schleswig-Holstein are guests here.

Schleswig-Holstein Music Festival

The Maria Magdalenen Church has been the annual venue for the Schleswig-Holstein Music Festival since 2010. For example, Hille Perl and Lee Santana (2010), Nuria Rial (2011), Michala Petri (2012), Inessa Galante (2013), Avi Avital (2015), Nemanja Radulović (2017) and Nils Mönkemeyer (2019) took part in the SHMF. in Marne.

Rock festival

In summer, the "Dithmarscher Rock Festival" took place near Marne every year until 2013. Because of harvest problems on the previously rented field, it is now taking place in Brunsbüttel-Ostermoor. Well-known bands such as Selig , Revolverheld , One Fine Day or Torfrock appeared at the festival .

Attractions

A specialty in Marne is the Maria Magdalenen Church.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Associated with Marne

  • Christian Jakob von Schneider (1772–1829), German writer and publisher
  • Thomas Backens (1859–1925), photographer
  • Philipp Scheidemann (1865–1939), an important social democratic politician, member of the Reichstag for the SPD in the Weimar Republic and journalist, was a young typesetter in Marne. His wife Johanna came from here.
  • Oskar Beber (1875–1964), senior director of studies and local history expert, long-time headmaster of the Marner secondary school
  • Emmy Ball-Hennings (1885–1948), writer and cabaret artist; Theater engagements in Marne between 1906 and 1908
  • Marie Minna Bielenberg (1897–1983), painter and potter
  • Günter Endruweit (* 1939), German sociologist, spent part of his school days there and graduated from high school in Marner in 1959

Web links

Commons : Marne  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Marne (Holstein)  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ North Statistics Office - Population of the municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein 4th quarter 2019 (XLSX file) (update based on the 2011 census) ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ Hanswilhelm Haefs: Place names and local stories in Schleswig-Holstein , p. 164 (digitized version)
  3. ↑ Dirk Meier: Landscape history, settlement and economic methods of the march . In: Association for Dithmarscher Landeskunde eV (Hrsg.): History of Dithmarschen . Boyens & Co., Heide 2000, ISBN 3-8042-0859-2 , pp. 75 ff .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Frank Trende: Marne . A guide to the city and its history. Boyens & Co., Heide 1990, ISBN 3-8042-0507-0 .
  5. ↑ Nis R. Nissen: In the beginning there was the village. Spatial planning in the Middle Ages . In: Association for Dithmarscher Landeskunde eV (Hrsg.): History of Dithmarschen . Boyens & Co., Heide 2000, ISBN 3-8042-0859-2 , pp. 101 ff .
  6. ↑ a b Reimer Witt: Dithmarschen under the rule of princes (1559–1773) . In: Association for Dithmarscher Landeskunde eV (Hrsg.): History of Dithmarschen . Boyens & Co., Heide 2000, ISBN 3-8042-0859-2 , pp. 185 ff .
  7. ↑ Eckardt Opitz: Dithmarschen 1773-1867 . In: Association for Dithmarscher Landeskunde eV (Hrsg.): History of Dithmarschen . Boyens & Co., Heide 2000, ISBN 3-8042-0859-2 , pp. 251 ff .
  8. ↑ State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): The population of the communities in Schleswig-Holstein 1867 - 1970 . State Statistical Office Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1972, p. 49 .
  9. ^ Nils Hansen: Departure into a New Era - Dithmarschen 1864-1918 . In: Association for Dithmarscher Landeskunde eV (Hrsg.): History of Dithmarschen . Boyens & Co., Heide 2000, ISBN 3-8042-0859-2 , pp. 255 ff .
  10. ↑ a b The founding time of our school (19th century - 1933). Gymnasium Marne Europaschule, accessed on August 5, 2019 .
  11. ^ Ulrich Pfeil: Dithmarschen in the Weimar Republic 1918–1933 . In: Association for Dithmarscher Landeskunde eV (Hrsg.): History of Dithmarschen . Boyens & Co., Heide 2000, ISBN 3-8042-0859-2 , pp. 299 ff .
  12. ↑ a b Dietrich Stein: Lynchmord in der Südermarsch - The death of Adolf Bauer in 1932 in Rösthusen near Marne . Ed .: Working group for research into National Socialism in Schleswig-Holstein eV (=  information on Schleswig-Holstein's contemporary history . Supplement 8). Kiel 2018.
  13. ^ Martin Gietzelt, Ulrich Pfeil: Dithmarschen in the "Third Reich" 1913–1945 . In: Association for Dithmarscher Landeskunde eV (Hrsg.): History of Dithmarschen . Boyens & Co., Heide 2000, ISBN 3-8042-0859-2 , pp. 357 .
  14. ^ Karl-Heinrich Buhse: The development in Dithmarschen since 1950 . In: Association for Dithmarscher Landeskunde eV (Hrsg.): History of Dithmarschen . Boyens & Co., Heide 2000, ISBN 3-8042-0859-2 , pp. 385 ff .
  15. ^ Time series for Marne, City. Population in Marne, city on December 31. Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, accessed on August 20, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Population of the communities in Schleswig-Holstein. (PDF) 1st quarter 2019. Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, August 13, 2019, p. 5 , accessed on August 20, 2019 .
  17. ↑ City representative of the city of Marne
  18. ↑ Schleswig-Holstein's municipal coat of arms
  19. ↑ Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein: Directory of general education schools in Schleswig-Holstein 2019/2020
  20. ^ Marne cultural and community center. Retrieved August 22, 2019 .
  21. ↑ Local history museum Marner Skatclub. Office Marne-Nordsee, accessed on 22 August 2019 .
  22. ↑ Stöfenpark Marne. (PDF) Draft plans. TGP Landschaftsarchitekten, accessed November 8, 2019 .
  23. ^ Goethe Park: Inauguration of a piece of jewelery. In: Norddeutsche Rundschau. Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag, August 30, 2010, accessed on November 8, 2019 .
  24. ^ Hannes Lyko: Land use plan of the city of Marne. (PDF) Green spaces. Dirks planning group, June 2019, accessed on November 8, 2019 .
  25. ↑ Marne in a foolish state of emergency and a train of fools in sweet and sour rain . In: Dithmarscher Landeszeitung from February 6, 2008, pp. 18-19
  26. ^ Schleswig-Holstein Music Festival. Marne / Maria Magdalenen Church. Retrieved August 22, 2019 .
  27. ↑ Philipp Scheidemann: Memoirs of a Social Democrats, first volume, ISBN 978-3-942382-37-3 , p. 44 ff.
  28. ^ Scheidemann, Philipp Heinrich . In: Hessian biography . October 13, 2019.
  29. ↑ Dieter Pust: “... Marne is one of the first in the theater of our province with its small city theater. Emmy Ball-Hennings as an actress in Marne 1906 to 1908 ”. In: Dithmarschen. Regional studies - culture - nature , issue 2, June 2002, pp. 53–62