Mecklenburg Lake District
Mecklenburg Lake District | |
---|---|
Kölpinsee , Jabelscher See and Fleesensee near Jabel | |
surface | 6th 014.4 km² |
Systematics according to | Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany |
1st order natural space | North German Lowlands |
2nd order natural space | 70, 72–75 → Northeast German Lake District |
3rd order natural space | 75 → Mecklenburg Lake District |
Geographical location | |
Coordinates | 53 ° 16 '30.1 " N , 12 ° 39' 47.2" E |
The Northeast German Lake District with the Mecklenburg Lake District (75) and its hinterland (74) | |
state | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Brandenburg , Schleswig-Holstein |
The Mecklenburg Lake District or Mecklenburg Lake District is a lake-rich young moraine landscape in northeast Germany , which curves in a south-east curve, around 240 km long and only 30 km wide, from the eastern edge of Lübeck via Schwerin , the large lake area around the Müritz and the small lake area around Neustrelitz to Eberswalde pulls.
The name Mecklenburg Lake District, which mostly means the entire lake-rich landscape with the center in Mecklenburg, is not synonymous and, misleadingly, is often advertised with the better-known name of the Lake District. The lake district consists mainly of the Mecklenburg Lake District and the geomorphologically somewhat different backland of the Mecklenburg Lake District , which adjoins to the north and is also rich in lakes . The Mecklenburg Lake District is one of the three large lake areas south of the Baltic Sea , along with the Masurian Lake District and the Pomeranian Lake District .
In terms of natural space , the Mecklenburg Lake District is a large region of the 3rd order and, together with its backland, along with sloping areas to the northeast to just before the Baltic Sea coast and its northwestern continuation, the Schleswig-Holstein hill country , forms the greater region of the 2nd order north (east) German lake district of Greater Region 1 Order of the North German Lowlands .
location
The Mecklenburg Lake District is located in the central and southern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the Mecklenburg region . In the southeast, the lake area extends beyond the state border with Brandenburg . That is why the name Mecklenburg-Brandenburg Lake District is sometimes used. In the north-west there are small parts in Schleswig-Holstein .
In the lake district, from northwest to southeast, lie the (partly former) district towns of Ratzeburg (Schleswig-Holstein), Grevesmühlen , Gadebusch , Schwerin , Sternberg , Lübz (on the southern edge), Waren , Röbel , Neustrelitz (all Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania), Templin and, on the extreme southeastern edge, Eberswalde (the latter in Brandenburg).
The backland of the Mecklenburg Lake District with (again from northwest to southeast) Bützow , Güstrow , Teterow , Malchin , Altentreptow , Neubrandenburg , Strasburg , Pasewalk (northern edge) and, on the Brandenburg side, Prenzlau and Angermünde , which adjoins to the northeast, is also rich in lakes . However, this area is not part of the Lake District and forms its own large region of the 3rd order.
Origin and demarcation
The Lake District is part of the Northern Ridge . It goes back to a huge glacial area and was formed in the course of the Vistula glaciation about 20,000 to 17,000 years ago in the retreat of the inland ice and then in the glacial valleys and sands of the Pomeranian stage .
In the so-called Frankfurt Stadium , around 18,000 BC. BC, today's Mecklenburg Lake District was located in the south-westernmost part of the tongue basin formed by the Baltic glaciers. Its southwest border is the terminal moraine of that stage , which can still be seen in relief today . Around 15,000 BC BC, in the Pomeranian stage, the glacier ice had retreated around 30 km to the northeast, so that sanders and glacial valleys formed in the area of today's lake district . The ice not only piled up the terminal moraines and compressed them, but when thawing deeply it also formed hollow shapes on which lakes formed. The flowing melt water formed channels, partly under the ice, on which many of the chains of lakes lie today.
The main terminal moraine of the Pomeranian stage of the Vistula glaciation is the ridge, which extends from Chorin northeast of Eberswald over the Rosenberg ( 145.8 m ) near Feldberg , the Keulenberg ( 137.7 m ) northeast of Neustrelitz , the limestone mountains 128 m northwest of Waren and up north of Sternberg moves to the northwest, in a semicircle in a counterclockwise direction, first to the north and past the Hohe Burg ( 147.4 m ) to frame Neukloster to the north and finally the Wismar Bay in a counterclockwise direction, past the Heideberg ( 112.7 m ) east of Grevesmühlen to meet the Baltic Sea coast area in Klützer Winkel with the Hohen Schönberg ( 90 m ). This terminal moraine forms the sharp northeast boundary of the lake district. Whether the Dassower Basin west of the Klützer Winkel and northeast of Dassower See and Untertrave still belongs to the Lake District or represents the westernmost part of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania coastal area ("Baltic Sea Coast Country") is a matter of interpretation.
Immediately northeast of the terminal moraine joins the somewhat “younger” back country of the Mecklenburg Lake District . Overall, this has a lively relief and higher extreme heights, but is lower overall and especially in the lowlands than the plate itself.
Historical development of the term
The term Mecklenburg Lake District has been used at least since the second quarter of the 19th century.
"It forms hilly and undulating areas of 2–400 heights, with up to 600 rising peaks (the Helpter mountain), and is called the Mecklenburg Lake District ..."
A number of older sources equate the term "Mecklenburg Lake District" with the Mecklenburg land ridge . The lake district then extends between Lübeck and the Oder over a relatively wide area of around 100 kilometers wide.
"At the Holstein back joins the Bay of Lübeck the lakes [...] extremely rich Mecklenburg back or Mecklenburg Lakes on, in an average width of 15 M to SO progressively until it between or mountain and the Pape water contacts the or valley. "
While an entry in the Brockhaus names the Hohe Burg near Neukloster as the highest point,
"The predominantly flat land runs through from southeast to northwest a low and wide ridge (Mecklenburg Lake District) with individual branches that rises up to 140 m (Hohe Burg northeast Warin 144 m) and forms the watershed between the Baltic Sea and the Elbe."
In addition to the above, numerous other sources refer to the Helpter and Ruhner Mountains as the highest elevations in the lake district.
It was not until the late 1920s that the term "Mecklenburg Lake District" was specifically restricted to the approximately 30 km inner strip of the ridge between the two terminal moraine ranges.
“According to the shape of the soil, our area is divided into two parts: the south-west is the Mecklenburg-Strelitz part of the lake district, the north-east is the Baltic preliminary stage. The border between these two landscapes runs in a flat arc, open to the northeast, from the area south of Lake Tollense to Feldberg-Carwitz. "
An exact delimitation of the lake district from neighboring landscapes was attempted in 1954 in the first mapping of the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . This demarcation included not only the complete Pomeranian terminal moraine, but also backs that branch off to the northeast, such as Mecklenburg Switzerland and the high-lying Feldberg-Fürstenwerder lake area ( Carwitzer See , Breiter Luzin , Großer See , a little to the west of which also Rödliner See and Wanzkaer See ) - but not Helpter and Brohmer Mountains - to the landscape; likewise higher areas in the Uckermark with the Kuhzer See , the Grimnitzsee and even the Wolletzsee . But Schorfheide , Britzer Platte (with the Werbellinsee ) and Eberswalder Tal did not belong to the Platte. The term " backland of the Mecklenburg Lake District " for the part of the ridge north of the Pomeranian terminal moraine was also introduced in the 1950s.
The exact delimitation via the terminal moraines, which is customary today, was then mapped in 1960 and the text for this appeared in 1961 in the 8th edition of the Handbook of the Natural Spatial Structure of Germany.
Tourist term usage
Since the term Mecklenburg Lake District is one of the best-known and most suggestive landscape names in Germany, it is also used intensively for tourist marketing. Regions are also advertised with the term that do not even indirectly have to do with the actual lake plateau - if one disregards the existence of lakes, especially deeper channel lakes. Conversely, there are regions that are clearly located on the lake district, but do not advertise with this term.
The tourism association "Mecklenburgische Seenplatte" eV represents, in addition to advertised companies, the larger cities and communities of today's Mecklenburg Lake District as well as, in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district , the cities of Plau am See , Goldberg and Sternberg and, in Brandenburg , the cities of Rheinsberg and Fürstenberg / Havel . Of which is in particular in named after the Lake District, in 2011 founded the district , which is identical to the same regional planning association, only about half of the circular area on the actual Lake District and the town of Demmin even outside of the back country. Conversely, Schwerin , by far the largest city in the Lake District, is not represented by that association and does not advertise with the term.
Since the article here describes the physical landscape, which is recognized as the lake district, reference is made to the Mecklenburg Lake District article for the general tourist region .
Natural structure
In the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany , the main unit group of the Mecklenburg Lake District was subdivided into a total of ten main units (three digits), three of which were summarized again in the early 1960s. In the area of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, even finer units were shown based on this breakdown in the mid-1990s. However, this structure ends at the national border. Since the numerical hierarchy of the internal MV system is different, these numbers are preceded by the letters "MV". All information in brackets comes from this structure, all those not in brackets from the manual.
The following main units and, in MV, additional so-called landscape units are shown
-
(to 70, 72–75 north (east) German lake district)
- 75 Mecklenburg Lake District - 6014.4 km² ("Ridge and Mecklenburg Lake District" - MV4; 5507.01 km² in MV)
- 750 West Mecklenburg lake hill country - 1030.8 km², about one fifth in SH
- Schaalsee basin (MV400; 104.17 km² in MV - mostly in SH)
- West Mecklenburg hill country with Stepenitz and Radegast (MV401; 1065.86 km² in MV - partly in SH)
- 751 Schweriner See area - 456.0 km² (MV402; 579.37 km²)
- 752 Sternberg-Krakower lake and sand area - 1004.4 km²
- Sternberg Lake District (MV403; 599.54 km²)
- Krakow lake and sand area (MV411; 375.63 km²)
- 753 Upper Warnow-Elde area - 518.5 km² (MV410; 532.27 km²)
- 754 Mecklenburgisches Großseenland - 1237.6 km² ("Großseenland with Müritz, Kölpin and Fleesensee" - MV412; 1305.07 km²)
- 755 Neustrelitzer Kleinseenland - 1771.1 km², half in BB (MV420 = MV42; 945.10 km² in MV)
- 756–758 Schorfheide with Templiner and Britzer Platte - 666.4 km² - entirely in BB
- 756 Templiner plate
- 757 Schorfheide
- 758 Britzer plate
- 759 Eberswalder Tal - 276.0 km² - completely in BB
- 750 West Mecklenburg lake hill country - 1030.8 km², about one fifth in SH
- 75 Mecklenburg Lake District - 6014.4 km² ("Ridge and Mecklenburg Lake District" - MV4; 5507.01 km² in MV)
Overall, the three-digit MV landscape units are within the three-digit main units according to the manual, but are grouped e.g. Sometimes in a different way to so-called large landscapes (two-digit), which, in relation to MV, occupy a landscape zone (single-digit) that largely corresponds to the two-digit main unit group according to the manual. The division into four-digit natural spaces is not listed here .
The following is the internal structure of the MV for itself:
- MV4 "Ridge and Mecklenburg Lake District" - 5507.01 km² in MV
- MV40 "West Mecklenburg Lake District" - 2348.94 km² in MV
- MV400 Schaalsee basin - 104.17 km² in MV
- MV401 West Mecklenburg hill country with Stepenitz and Radegast - 1065.86 km² in MV
- MV402 Schweriner See area - 579.37 km²
- MV403 Sternberg Lake District - 599.54 km²
- MV41 "Mecklenburg large lakes" - 2212.97 km² in MV
- MV410 Upper Warnow-Elde area - 532.27 km²
- MV411 Krakow lake and sand area 375.63 km²
- MV412 "Großseenland with Müritz, Kölpin and Fleesensee" ≈ Mecklenburg Großseenland - 1305.07 km²
- MV42 "Neustrelitzer Kleinseenland" - 945.10 km² in MV
- MV40 "West Mecklenburg Lake District" - 2348.94 km² in MV
Western lake district to the Schwerin lake
The westernmost part of the Mecklenburg Lake District, which is partly still in Schleswig-Holstein, is occupied by the Western Mecklenburg Lake Hill Country . The dominant lakes are the Ratzeburger See near Ratzeburg on the Holstein side and the Schaalsee on the border in the south. Both lakes are now connected by the Schaalseekanal , but the Ratzeburger See drains north via the Wakenitz to the Trave , while the Schaalsee drains south via the Schaale to the Elbe . In the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania structure, the - transnational - Schalsee basin is designated as a separate sub-natural area. However, the Ratzeburg lake is cut much deeper into the landscape. The northern to eastern part of the landscape drains via the Stepenitz and its left (western) tributary Radegast north to the Trave. Geomorphologically striking in this part is a basin-like depression on the Radegast between Gadebusch and Rehna . Grevesmühlen is just north of the lower Radegast, which is already starting to turn west here .
To the east is the Schwerin Lake area . The center of this landscape is the channel of the West Mecklenburg Basin running from north to south , at the widest point of which is the tongue basin with the Schwerin Lake, which is clearly deepened into the landscape, with the state capital Schwerin on the south-west bank. To the south the lake has a connection to the Elde via the Stör waterway , and to the north via the Wallensteingraben to Wismarbucht ; the sturgeon follows the depression out of the natural space. Depending on the demarcation in the south-west of the Schweriner See area or in the extreme south-east of the west Mecklenburg lake hill country, the source area of the Sude is located , which will take in the Schaale further south-west.
Areas between the Schweriner See and the large lakes
To the east of the Schweriner See area, the Sternberg-Krakower Lakes and Sander Area connects with the Sternberger Lakes Area in the west and the Krakow Lakes and Sander Area in the east. In the Sternberger area, the Warnow, coming from the southwest, flows around the Sternberger See to leave the natural area to the northeast in the distinctive breakthrough valley of the Warnow towards the Baltic Sea near Rostock. The Demener Rinne runs from Sternberg to the southwest via Demen to Barnin , at the end of which is the Barniner See, the most important lake on the Warnow. The only 8.4 m above sea level. The Sternberger See, located on the NHN , is traversed by the Mildenitz , and the Großer Wariner See and Neuklostersee to the north by the Brüeler Bach .
To the east of Sternberg, especially in the north, there are pronounced sand areas with larger lakes deepened into the landscape. Upstream of Mildenitz are the Kleinpritzer See , the Dobbertiner See and the Goldberger See ; To the east and on the northern edge of the natural area lies Krakower See with the city of Krakow am See on the west bank as the largest lake in the segment between Schwerin Lake in the west and the large lakes in the east. It drains through the fog , which only flows significantly further north, in the back country, towards the Warnow.
Southwest of the Krakow area and east of the Demener Rinne is the Upper Warnow-Elde area . It differs significantly from its neighboring landscapes. In this high area there are no large and only a few smaller lakes, but there are a large number of Söllen . The source and upper reaches of the Warnow are in the western half, the Elde passes through the east of the area and leaves it at Lübz .
The Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania division already more or less counts all areas east of the Demener Rinne as part of the "extended" large lakes region (see natural classification), but the lakes almost without exception drain over the Warnow to the north to the Baltic Sea, while the large lakes drain over the Elde to the Elbe .
Large and small lake country
Schorfheide and Eberswalder Valley
Lakes
Well-known lakes on the lake plateau, from northwest to southeast, include the Ratzeburger See , the Schaalsee , the Schweriner See , the Krakower See , the large lakes on the Elde with Müritz , Kölpinsee , Fleesensee and Plauer See as well as the small lakes on the Havel and , in the extreme southeast, the Werbellinsee .
In total there are 12 lakes with an area of over 5 km² (5 in the Großseenland) and 8 with over 10 km² (4 in the Großseenland).
Below are the lakes with at least 2 km² area:
Settlement history
The lake district was already around 10,000 BC. Settled by hunters and fishermen. From 4,000 BC The first peasant cultures developed, leaving behind large stone graves .
In the 4th and 5th centuries the Germanic tribes settling there migrated south and were replaced by advancing Elbe Slavic tribes from the 7th century , who mixed with the remaining population.
Since the 12th century, the influence of German settlers in the region increased. In the 12-14 In the 19th century, building activity began in villages and towns and the field stones were used en masse as building material. The field stone churches built from field stones in the Middle Ages can still be found in many villages in the region.
Nature and national parks
On the Mecklenburg Lake District, from northwest to southeast, lie the Lauenburg Lakes Nature Park (excluding the south and the extreme northwest; SH) in the extreme northwest, Sternberger Seenland and Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide in the center, and Stechlin-Ruppiner Land (half; without the south and northwest foothills ), Feldberger Seenlandschaft (southwest half ) and Uckermärkische Seen Nature Park (almost half, excluding northeast and extreme south; BB). In the extreme south-east there are also minimal parts of the north of the Barnim Nature Park on the plate. The main part of the Müritz National Park is located between the central and south-eastern nature parks. It also has a spatially separated eastern section that is almost completely enclosed by the Feldberger Seenlandschaft nature park.
Except not on the Lake District, but from minimum edge Shares in the back country which is Mecklenburg Switzerland and Lake Kummerow Nature Park .
See also
- List of lakes in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Mecklenburg Lake District , tourist region
- Mecklenburg lakes circuit , cycling race for everyone and the largest cycling event in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
literature
- Andreas Börner: Mecklenburg Lake District. Ice Age Sea and reading stones. Quelle & Meyer Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2013, ISBN 978-3-494-01528-6 .
Trivia
The German postal brings a stamp since 2017 Mecklenburg Lake District to 0.70 € out.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen et al .: Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
- ↑ a b Which glacial valley belongs to which cold period? - Flash animation, Goethe University Frankfurt / M
- ^ Geological map of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- ↑ a b c d Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ a b c d PDF (29 kB) on the natural structure of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania on a scale of 1: 250,000 - expert opinion on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture and Nature Conservation, 1996
- ↑ Carl Holl, Geographical Homeland Studies of Württemberg and Germany , published by Kalbfell-Kurtz, Reutlingen 1844, p. 96.
- ↑ The Papenwasser is a widening of the Oder on the southern edge of the Stettiner Haff
- ^ Gustav Adolf von Klöden , Handbook for Geography , second part, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1875, p. 80
- ↑ Brockhaus , 14th edition 1894-1896, 11th volume, p. 704
- ^ Hermann Adalbert Daniel , Handbuch der Geographie. Volume 3, Germany according to its physical and political circumstances. Stuttgart 1863, p. 464.
- ↑ Heinrich Gebauer, Handbook of Regional and Ethnic Studies in a folk way with special consideration of the economic situation , Volume 1, G. Lang, Leipzig 1901, p. 367.
- ^ Geophysics and Geology, Volumes 9-10, Teubner , Leipzig 1927, p. 126.
- ↑ Hans Schubert, A Contribution to the Geography of the Settlements of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , Adlers Erben, 1928 p. 5.
- ^ Theodor Hurtig , Physical Geography of Mecklenburg , Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1957, p. 25.
- ↑ Regional Planning Association Mecklenburg Lake District
- ↑ List of cities of the Mecklenburg Lake District Tourist Board ( memento of the original from June 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Map portal environment of the State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ( information )
- ↑ Documentation of the condition and development of the most important lakes in Germany, Part 2 MV - TU Cottbus (PDF file; 3.35 MB)
- ↑ a b Lake profiles of the State of Brandenburg , State Office for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection
- ↑ The assignments 752.0 and 752.1 to the two parts of the main unit 752 have not been assigned in the form and are used here for sorting from northwest to southeast.
- ↑ Data from the water profile
- ↑ Despite the runoff over the Warnow, the Cambssee is explicitly included in the MV breakdown as part of the Schwerin Lake area. In the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany it is not shown because of the scale, but it would also be in the Schwerin Lake area
- ↑ The Lower Ostorfer See lies at 39.6 m .
- ↑ Börner, Mecklenburgische Seenplatte , Wiebelsheim 2013, p. 29.
- ↑ Mecklenburg Lake District, postage stamp for € 0.70