Bruck an der Mur

Borough Bruck an der Mur
coat of arms	Austria map
Basic data
Country:	Austria
State :	Styria
Political District :	Bruck-Mürzzuschlag
License plate :	BM
Surface:	85.24 km²
Coordinates :	47 ° 25 '  N , 15 ° 16'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 24 '38 "  N , 15 ° 16' 8"  E
Height :	491  m above sea level A.
Residents :	15,787 (January 1, 2020)
Postal code :	8600
Area code :	03862
Community code :	6 21 39
Address of the municipal administration:	Koloman-Wallisch-Platz 1 8600 Bruck an der Mur
Website:	www.bruckmur.at
politics
Mayor :	Peter Koch ( SPÖ )
Municipal Council : (2020) (31 members)	17th 7th 3 2 1 1 17th 7th 3 2 1 1  A total of 31 seats SPÖ : 17 ÖVP : 7 FPÖ : 3 KPÖ : 2 GREEN : 1 NEOS : 1
Location of Bruck an der Mur in the Bruck-Mürzzuschlag district
Bruck an der Mur
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Bruck an der Mur is a town with 15,787 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Austrian state of Styria ( judicial district of Bruck an der Mur ). Bruck is also the seat of the district administration Bruck-Mürzzuschlag , is the fourth largest town in Styria and an important transport hub.

The city is located in the Murtal between Leoben and Kapfenberg at the confluence of the Mürz and Mur . East of the city center, the Mur changes its direction of flow from east to south. The urban area also extends into the Lamingtal. In the north it has grown together with the neighboring town of Kapfenberg. Known above all for the Kornmesserhaus (a well-preserved Gothic town house), the Iron Fountain and the second largest inner-city square in Austria. The trade and service sectors predominate, the city is the second largest railway junction in Styria. In the Middle Ages , Bruck an der Mur was the most important trading town in Upper Styria . The pedestrian zone in Bruck is designed with a Mediterranean flair. Along with Graz and Friesach, Bruck is one of the oldest cities in Austria.

On January 1, 2015, the formerly independent market town of Oberaich was incorporated as part of the municipal structural reform in Styria .

Bruck an der Mur is home to the Federal Higher Education Institute for Forestry Bruck an der Mur , the first and only forest school in Austria, which was extensively expanded in 2012. In 2006, the Styrian State Exhibition with the topic “Paths to Health” took place in Bruck an der Mur .

geography

Community structure

The municipality includes the following 16 localities (residents as of January 1, 2020):

• Berndorf (2540)
• Bruck an der Mur (9019)
• Heuberg (55)
• Kaltbach (101)
• Kotzgraben (20)
• Mötschlach (47)
• Oberaich (520)
• Oberdorf (205)
• Picheldorf (158)
• Pischk (226)
• Pischkberg (114)
• Saint Dionyses (210)
• Evil Stone (232)
• Urgental (720)
• Utschtal (1178)
• Wiener Vorstadt (442)

The community has consisted of twelve cadastral communities since 2015 (area as of 2015):

• Berndorf (304.41 ha)
• Bruck an der Mur (1491.16 ha)
• Forest forest (427.21 ha)
• Kaltbach (308.62 ha)
• Oberaich (2010.26 ha)
• Oberdorf-Landskron (911.84 ha)
• Picheldorf (1004.46 ha)
• Pischk (77.98 ha)
• Pischkberg (793.81 ha)
• Streitgarn (339.14 ha)
• Übelstein (826.56 ha)
• Wienervorstadt (28.65 ha)

Neighboring communities

Tragöß-Sankt Katharein	Kapfenberg	Kapfenberg
Proleb Niklasdorf		Sankt Marein im Mürz Valley , Frauenberg district
	Pernegg on the Mur

Community association

On January 1st, 1968, the municipality of Picheldorf was merged with the municipality of Oberaich, and since September 1st, 1999, Oberaich was a market municipality. On January 1st, 2015 Oberaich was united with the municipality of Bruck an der Mur.

The former mayor Hans Strassegger (2014–2017) sought a merger with the municipalities of Kapfenberg and Leoben in order to create a counterweight to the provincial capital Graz .

geology

The mountains around Bruck were formed very early on. The "Paleozoic Seas" flooded the ancient land. In the Carboniferous a mountain formation seized the Alps by lively folding . Then the seas of the Triassic , Jura and Cretaceous periods billowed over Upper Styria. In the Upper Cretaceous period, folds and thrusts occurred again. At the exit of the Old Tertiary , the subsoil shifted and folded and the mountain range was broken up into smaller blocks. These smaller blocks drained to the north, including the Mur and Mürz . The outflow of the two rivers in the current direction occurred when the Limestone Alps rose in the Miocene .

climate

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Bruck an der Mur Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 2.5 5.8 10.4 15.2 20.2 23.4 25.6 24.9 20.3 14.8 7.6 2.7 O 14.5 Min. Temperature (° C) -5.6 -4.1 -0.5 3.3 8.1 11.4 13.2 13.0 9.5 5.4 0.4 -3.7 O 4.2 Temperature (° C) -2.3 -0.1 4.1 8.6 13.6 16.8 18.7 18.0 13.9 9.0 3.3 -1.1 O 8.6 Precipitation ( mm ) 27 26th 41 43 76 93 98 104 71 54 46 38 Σ 717 Humidity ( % ) 63.8 51.3 46.1 43.7 46.6 48.0 45.9 48.4 51.6 57.6 66.0 69.8 O 53.3 T e m p e r a t u r 2.5 -5.6 5.8 -4.1 10.4 -0.5 15.2 3.3 20.2 8.1 23.4 11.4 25.6 13.2 24.9 13.0 20.3 9.5 14.8 5.4 7.6 0.4 2.7 -3.7 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: ZAMG average climate values ​​1981 - 2010

history

Prehistoric times

The Mur-Mürz Valley was already populated by people from the Stone Age, as relevant finds show. In the Drachenhöhle near Mixnitz , the camp of a cave bear hunter (hearth) as well as scrapers and tips made from raw quartz slate from the Paleolithic were examined. In Bruck itself a stone ax from the Neolithic Age was found on the Pischkberg . After 2000 BC Chr. Was caused by traders from the south Bronze editing inserted into the inner Alpine valleys, which brought there a rapid recovery of the metal-working industry with it. Most of the goods were transported over the rivers Mur and Mürz. From this time z. In 1880, for example, Count Gundakar Wurmbrand, the governor at the time, recovered the alleged merchant's warehouse from the late Bronze Age, fragments of sickles, lance tips, a spout ax, a knife and two clay vessels in the urban area. Around 1000 BC The first Noric tribes immigrated to the Mur and Mürz valleys. After 300 BC BC the Celts ( Taurisker ) who came from the west temporarily ruled the country, but these were soon absorbed by the local Illyrians . Towards the end of the 2nd century BC These tribes - especially well versed in iron processing - joined together to form the first known state formation on Austrian soil, the Kingdom of Norikum ( regnum Noricum ), which soon established very close economic and political ties to the emerging Roman Empire.

Roman times

Tomb of Junianus, walled in in the church of St. Dionysen in Oberaich

Consecration altar for Jupiter Depulsor in the Raika branch in Bruck / Mur

Hunting scene on a Roman grave relief on the north wall of the Church of St. Ruprecht

Murufer near the tennis court, the presumed location of the Roman bridge

From 15 BC BC the Romans under Emperor Augustus occupied the eastern Alpine regions largely without a fight and also integrated the regnum Noricum as the new Norikum province into their empire. In order to better develop the newly conquered area were u. a. An army road that can be used all year round was laid out, which connects the southern provinces of the Roman Empire with the raw material-rich north, but also the old Adriatic trading metropolis Aquileia with settlements in the inner Noricum such as B. Flavia Solva / Wagna should connect near Leibnitz. This Roman road (coin finds in Zlatten) reached the urban area of ​​today's Bruck in the area of ​​the Holy Spirit Church . It ran over the Postwiese in the Heiligengeistvorstadt in Bruck, probably crossed the Mur at St. Ruprecht and then sat on the left bank of the river via St. Dionysen (see also Roman bridge in Oberaich ), Donawitz to the upper Mur Valley and the iron deposits on the Erzberg . At St. Michael she met the Noric main road that led over the Tauern to the Danube. It remained one of the main traffic arteries of the Mur valley until the 17th century. The bridge was probably located in the area of ​​today's tennis courts on the Murinsel. There one observed wall structures that probably belonged to a bridge camp. It must have been a striking building in the - back then only sparsely populated area - which travelers could use to orient themselves. The remains of a Roman bridge over the Mur were also found in the district of Picheldorf. A second-order Roman road branched off into the Mürz Valley and led over the Semmering Pass to the settlements in the foothills of the Alps and subsequently to the forts and large cities on the upper Danube Limes .

Presumably at the confluence of the Mürz and Mur ( Murius ), a Celto- Roman settlement, the vicus Poedicum, developed in the course of this time . It is also mentioned in one of the main geographical sources for Roman antiquity, the Geographike Hyphegesis by Claudius Ptolemy ( Poidicon ). Due to its favorable location, it must soon have gained greater regional importance as a crossing over the Mur, a traffic junction - possibly also as a stage in the Cursus publicus . Its center was probably south of the Mur, in the area between today's Postwiese and the Church of St. Ruprecht. At the Postwiese some remains of the Roman era were found, the masonry of a heating system, a simple cremation and two bronze coins from the 3rd century AD. On the right Murkai, in the garden of the house at Leobner Strasse 22, there were also remains of ancient houses with heating systems and a Cremation grave observed. A cross-shaped crossbow brooch from the 3rd to 4th centuries, two Roman bronze coins from the 3rd century and various tools were found there. During construction work on Wiener Strasse in Fabriksgasse, near the Norske Skog paper mill, a Roman grave was found. Presumably the settlement consisted for the most part of the wooden frame structures ( pit houses ?) That are common in this region , but certainly also a few more massive and better equipped stone buildings based on the Roman model.

The presence of the Romans is primarily attested to by a number of their gravestones and milestones (some were walled up in the churches of St. Dionysen in Oberaich and St. Ruprecht), which were found in the vicinity of Bruck. The names of some (presumed) residents of Poedicum have also been passed down through the inscriptions on them. In the ticket office of the Raiffeisen branch Roseggergasse there is a consecration altar from around 234, dedicated to the highest Roman state god Jupiter Depulsor. It was recovered when the railway bridge was being built in 1842 near Pischk / Kaltbach. The inscription names the Roman soldier ( miles legionis ) Caius Julius Probus, a member of the Legio X Gemina , stationed in the legion camp of Vindobona , who was probably used as a road guard at a beneficiar station to secure and control traffic on the trunk road. The grave portrait of Iunianus and his family is immured in the south wall of the Church of St. Dionysen. Above the entrance portal of the rectory of the church is the grave inscription (dating: 100-200) of a Caius Sabinius Primigenius and on the right of the portal that of Caius Atilius Emeritus, Decurio municipii (Magistrate / City Council) of the inner Norse city of Teurnia from the period between 100 and 170, to see. In the 19th century, the doyen of German antiquity research, Theodor Mommsen , traveled to Bruck specifically to interpret this inscription .

Under Emperor Diocletian , Noricum was divided into two new provinces, Ufernoricum ( Noricum Ripense ) and Inland Noricum ( Noricum Mediterraneum ) along the Alpine arc . Poedicum was now in Ufernoricum. Migration began in the second half of the fourth century . As a result, the Roman administrative and military organization in Ufernorikum dissolved between 400 and 410. The massive political and military upheavals of this period ultimately led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire . One of his successor states, the Ostrogothic Empire in Italy under Odoacer , deported most of the Romanesque population of Ufernoricum to the south in 488, effectively giving up the province. Only Inner Noricum remained under the rule of the Ostrogoths until the 7th century.

Early middle ages

Around 600 Slavs moved into the country from the east and founded the Principality of Carantania . When the Slavs were too harassed by the Avars , they called on Duke Odilo of Bavaria for help in 740 . The fighting lasted over 100 years, during which the Bavarians pursued the retreating Avars and settled in the sparsely populated region and occupied Carinthia and Styria in 772.

In 778 the two countries, including the Bavarian duchy, came to the Frankish empire of Charlemagne . Its successors divided the Franconian Empire into the West Franconian and East Franconian (German) empires, the latter also including the Mark Karantanien .

After the occupation by the Bavarians, the land was assigned to the Archbishop of Salzburg for Christianization and also settled Germans at the bridge location. Even then he had his German name "Prukke".

City history

middle Ages

Bruck was mentioned for the first time under King Ludwig the German (860, Prukka). Bruck was mentioned in a document on November 20, 860 with the name "ad pruccam", a Carolingian manor of the archbishopric of Salzburg. Prukka, Prukke meant today's suburb of St. Ruprecht. The settlement, where the eastern part of the old city center is located today, appears in the documents as "muorica kimundi" (Mürzgemünd). It was probably founded by Slavic settlers as early as the 7th century.

The settlement "muorica kimundi" was also owned by Salzburg and was handed over for life to the choir bishop Kotabert and his bailiff, Duke Berchtold in Carinthia, at the synodal assembly in the church of Maria Saal in Carinthia . On May 18, 982, Emperor Otto II confirmed all possessions of the Archdiocese of Salzburg in Styria. Bruck was specifically mentioned.

In 1074 the property fell to the Admont Abbey . Thanks to its favorable location, the settlement soon developed into an important trading center. Around 1050 the marchia carentana , built as a border march, came to Otakar I. von Traungau, and thus also Bruck an der Mur . The Traungau or Otakare now ruled a complex of countries that stretched from the Upper Austrian Danube near Linz and from the Piesting in the northeast over the Lower Tauern to Lower Styria , which now belongs to Slovenia . When Duke Otakar IV died childless on May 5, 1192 , the inheritance contract with the related Babenbergers came into effect and Emperor Heinrich VI. now enfeoffed Duke Leopold V with Styria. Frederick the Disputable (1230–1246) granted the place the right that salt could only be laid down and pushed in steps here on the route between Rottenmann and Bruck. This was an extremely beneficial privilege for the city.

On June 15, 1246, Duke Frederick I was killed in the battle of the Leitha against King Bela IV of Hungary. The Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl and Bela of Hungary fought over the inheritance of the Babenbergs, who died out with Frederick the Disputable . At the end of 1252 the Styrian estates unanimously elected the son of Belas, Stephan , to the Styrian Duke and Styria and thus also Bruck an der Mur were administered by Hungary and occupied by the Hungarians after the Peace of Ofen in 1254.

On July 12, 1260, the Ottokar came into the possession of Styria through the victorious outcome of the battle of Kressenbrunn (today at Marchegg) against the Hungarians. He recognized the favorable location of Bruck at the confluence of two rivers at the foot of an easily fortified mountain and ordered his governor, Bishop Bruno von Olomouc, to set up the "novella plantatio" - that is, to re-establish the town. In 1263 he exchanged land and income with the Admont Abbey, laid out the current city center and surrounded it with a wall. Some of the walls are still standing today.

The circular wall took its course from the Schlossberghöhe to the tower at Heberplatzl, on to the tower in the city park, then to the round tower on Friedrichallee to Leobnertor (today Dr.-Theodor-Körner-Straße), on to the inner Schiffertor at the end of Schiffgasse and to the Schiffländ on the Mur, along the Schiffländ (Mur) to the east to the Grazertor at the Grazerbrücke. We continued to the tower at the confluence of the Mürz and Mur to the Wienertor at the east end of the city and from there, reinforced by two towers, up the steep Schlossberghang to the Schlossberghöhe. The main gates: Leobnertor, Grazertor, Wienertor burned down in the great fire of 1792. The Leobnertor was replaced by a simple archway, which was removed in 1876. The Grazertor was rebuilt in 1794 and demolished in 1839. The Wienertor was rebuilt and finally dismantled in 1846. This gate was called in 1544 and later also "Mürz Gate". Smaller gates were: Schifftor (end of Schiffgasse), demolished in 1888, Lend- or Wassertor (end of the city moat at the Schiffländ), Badtor (end of Hauptplatz, Ringelschmiedgasse, Schiffländ), Lederertörl at the lower end of Lederergassel (connection Roseggerstraße-Schiffländ).

In a document dated August 17, 1263, Bruck is already referred to as "oppidum de Brucke", as the "city" of Bruck.

After the defeat of King Ottokar against the Habsburg Rudolf I , the country came back to the Holy Roman Empire . Rudolf confirmed the old privileges on August 25, 1277 and granted the name and rights of a town . In 1282 King Rudolf I enfeoffed his sons Albrecht and Rudolf with Austria, Styria, Carniola and the Windische Mark. In 1292 his successor Albrecht I liberated the city when it was besieged for 14 days by Styrian nobles, reinforced by mercenaries of Duke Otto of Bavaria and the Archbishop of Salzburg, Konrad IV , in the course of the uprising of the Landsberg Federation from February 17th . He came with his army over the heavily snow-covered Semmering . The way had to be cleared by 600 farmers. In 1313 Duke Frederick the Beautiful allowed the free election of twelve "jury" (local councilors). In 1329 the citizen's hospital at the Leobnerbrücke was mentioned, but it must have existed much earlier, as the wife of Duke Friedrichs (1306–1330) had it last will.

In 1347 Duke Albrecht II granted the citizenship permission to set up three breweries.

In 1348, beginning on January 25th, a violent earthquake shook the Mur and Mürz valleys for eight days and brought Kindberg Castle to collapse. The Villacher Alpe collapsed in Carinthia, the south face of which fell into the Gailtal and buried seventeen communities. There are no records of damage in Bruck.

In 1357 a separate “Jewish judge” was mentioned. Since the growing prosperity of the citizens had grown through the salt trade and the right of residence and the wealth of the settled Jews increased rapidly, many disputes arose from this. Around 1360 the hammer works Höllhammer , hammer works on the Laming and the Mürzhämmer were built in front of the Wienertor. In 1382 108 houses burned down and with it more than half of the former city as well as the Minorite monastery.

1385 granted Leopold III. again the access money (toll), which was granted again and again in the following years when the city administration urgently needed money. In 1418, Duke Ernst the Iron ordered that foreign merchants from the imperial cities of Augsburg, Nuremberg, Ulm as well as Salzburg and Swabians had to put their gold and silver, wax, saffron, fur and other goods here for sale, that is, they had to Offer the goods for a day and were forced to stay the night.

On April 4, 1423, the minstrel Hugo von Montfort died in Pfannberg near Frohnleiten and was buried in the Minorite Church in Bruck an der Mur. He was a friend of Duke Ernst the Iron and as governor he represented him at the Council of Constance in 1414. In 1424 Duke Ernst the Iron died in Bruck. His entrails were buried in the Church of Our Lady on Hohen Markt, and his body was brought to Rein Abbey . The Duke's brother, Friedrich von Tirol (Friedel with the empty pocket), took over the guardianship of his underage sons Friedrich , Albrecht and Ernst (Ernst died in 1432).

In 1436 Pope Eugene approved a higher jurisdiction to the respective pastor of Bruck to relieve the archbishop of Salzburg, who thus became archpriest (archdeacon) of Upper Styria.

In 1443 and 1478 the "Sundersiechhaus" (leprosy house) is mentioned repeatedly, so that one must assume that this disease was also rampant here.

In 1452 and 1485 as well as 1496 state parliaments were held in Bruck. Bruck was also very popular for other meetings and conferences (stalls, government agencies).

In 1461 "the several parts of the city are well". As immediate aid, Emperor Friedrich III. a higher charity and a second fair on the Sunday before Pentecost.

In 1479 the Hungarians invaded Styria again and occupied large parts of Upper Styria. In 1480 Turkish hordes, robbing and burning, came from Judenburg and Rottenmann, via Leoben and Bruck into the Mürz valley and to Graz in the direction of Radkersburg. They probably destroyed the Holy Spirit Chapel and the accompanying hospital and are also likely to have seriously damaged the St. Ruprecht parish church.

In 1488, Emperor Friedrich allowed the annual free election of a mayor and granted the city freedom from red wax , the right to seal the city's scripts with red wax. The first mayor was called Michael Holzapfel and was the brother-in-law of Pankraz Kornmesser (owner of the Kornmesserhaus). In 1496 the Jews were expelled from Styria.

From 1499 to 1505 the rich and respected citizen Pankraz Kornmeß had the Kornmesserhaus built on the main square. However, traces of the builder's family were lost in the history of the city as early as 1529.

Early modern age

City of Bruck around 1684; from Vischer: Topographia Ducatus Stiriae

In 1503 Maximilian I granted the town's master blacksmiths the privilege of hitting their “Schmid- und Handwerch” with a “sonnder Wartzaichen”: a shield with a bridge inside with two towers and a panther. This motif became the city's coat of arms.

In 1510 52 houses burned down. In 1526 the first battles against the " Lutherei " developed. In 1528 the local priests and a large part of the citizens were already attached to the new faith. Independent of Luther, a religious community came from Switzerland via Vorarlberg and Tyrol, whose followers became known as " Anabaptists ". A visitation commission arrested twelve Anabaptists in Bruck and had them executed: the men were beheaded, the women drowned.

In 1530 there was another big fire in the city. In 1543, after the fire of 1530, 32 houses were empty and desolate. Four times the plague took many of the city's residents (1541–1545, 1569, 1623 and 1674).

On January 1st, 1578, the great Austrian general parliament took place in Bruck. 30 Styrian, 26 Carinthian, 14 Carniolan and four representatives from Gorizia negotiated with Archduke Charles II over military and monetary matters.

In 1600 a Reformation Commission was set up under the leadership of Prince-Bishop Martin Brenner von Seckau, the "Apostle of Styria". All but five citizens declared to rejoin the Catholic faith.

1608 to 1610: Probably as a result of the re-Catholicization, a Capuchin monastery was built and inaugurated in 1611 by Prince-Bishop Martin Brenner.

In 1609 the magistrate acquired Archduke Ferdinand's princely castle on the main square. The renovation lasted until 1629. Archduke Ferdinand set up his castle as a replacement in the Stubenberg'schen Freihaus in Wienergasse (later Herzog-Ernst-Gasse).

In 1622 the city administration bought the Kornmesserhaus and used it as the town hall until 1628. In 1626, after years of efforts, the magistrate acquired the Landskron rulership with the Pischkberg office and thus came into possession of further forests as well as hunting and fishing rights.

In 1626, the draw well, which was built before 1613 on the main square, was renovated in the base area by Bruck stonemason Hanns Prasser.

Before the introduction of the pressurized water pipeline in 1882, the city was supplied with water through public wells that were installed in the squares or in the alleys, either in the middle of the roadway or on the walls of the house. They were partly shaft wells from which the water was drawn or pumped, partly flowing ones, to which the water was fed in wooden pipes from the city forest over the Grazerbrücke. In any case, individual wells were built at the same time as the city was built, but information is missing because all council minutes were lost before 1542. In 1613 the fountain at the spot and in Mittergasse was mentioned for the first time, and in 1679 the cistern in which the rain and snow water from the main square collected. In 1613, 4,700 guitars and innumerable pipes were used when the new water pipes were laid. The “Ehrsambe Council” issued the ordinance in 1679: “That the women at the place of the priun refrain from all uncleanliness with washing and other bunk beds, otherwise the person entering will be attended by the bailiff at the place of the Prünen”.

The cleanliness of the well water was endangered most of all by the lack of any sewer system. The toilets (the “haimbliche Gemach”) of many houses were built into the “rich” (additions on the outer walls of the houses). Not all the “rich” were walled up against the street, so that passers-by could see the “poor” seat and the rubbish underneath. Many houses did not have cesspools. When it rained heavily or when the pit was full, the rubbish flowed onto the alley that had the trickle in the middle. Because of the numerous rats, cats were kept.

On November 20, 1626, the city acquired the "Landskron Castle" from Emperor Ferdinand II, together with his office at Pischk.

On the occasion of the outbreak of the plague in 1634, a plague hospital was built at the St. Bartholomew Chapel (at the later girls' boarding school on Leobnerstraße) and a plague cemetery was laid out in 1645.

In 1654, the city sold the previously held district court in Tragöß to the monastery in Göß because it urgently needed money to pay the war costs to the Swedes on the occasion of the end of the Thirty Years' War .

In 1663, Styria had to put 6,000 men on the border against the Turks, some of them Bruck.

In 1674 there was another plague epidemic. On March 2, 1683, a major fire destroyed 117 houses, the Minorite monastery and the church, battlements, seven city towers and the Liesinghammer on the Mürz (two thirds of the city). In 1688 it burned again, but detailed records are missing.

In 1697 the country again had to pay 500,000  florins in taxes and 250,000 florins "voluntary war aid" for the Turkish war.

In 1708 seven houses burned down in Mittergasse.

In 1710 the citizens erected the Mariensäule (plague column) on the main square. In 1716 the plague was brought in again; it raged on an unprecedented scale. Citizens vowed to build a church when the plague ends. The church was built on the Calvary and consecrated in 1719. No records of plague cases are known after 1716.

In 1723 a new "tobakh manufactur" (tobacco wear) was built, but as late as 1794 smoking on the street was forbidden with the threat of 25 strokes with a stick.

In 1728, on the journey to pay homage to Graz, Emperor Karl VI stayed overnight . and his wife Elisabeth , Princess Maria Theresa and her husband Franz von Lothringen in the inn "Zum schwarzen Adler" and continued their journey to Graz the next day. In 1742 Bruck acquired the imperial forest near the city and the associated hunting rights. The forests were very rich in game at that time; wolf hunts were still held in the neighboring forests in 1788 and 1789.

In 1748 Styria was divided into five district offices; Bruck also became the district capital.

In 1763 there was a fire in Grazergasse (later Roseggerstrasse). Some houses and again the Minorite monastery, which burned down in 1683, were destroyed.

In 1765 Maria Theresia traveled with her husband through Bruck on a big chamois hunt on the Reiting .

In 1770 the government ordered general house numbering and general conscription. Two companies of the Prince Baden-Durlach Regiment No. 27 were stationed in Bruck.

The city's financial situation was so bad that the Landskron estate and some other realities had to be sold by auction. The buyer was Franz Xaver Fraydt von Fraydenegg.

In 1781 a fire burned ten houses.

In the course of the Josephine reforms , the Minorite monastery was abolished in 1782 after 500 years of existence.

In 1783, due to the poor financial situation of the city, the "sequestration" (forced administration) was imposed, which was not lifted until 1806.

In 1785 the parish priest of Bruck lost the title of "Archpriest of Upper Styria". The Pope abolished the archpriesthood in Bruck after 349 years.

In 1790 the Neapolitan court stayed in Bruck for several days, during which large festivities were held.

Around this time, a fight broke out between the Styrian cities and markets for their representation in the state parliament. For this reason, there were repeated meetings of the representatives of these cities and markets in Bruck, who took a stand against the restrictions of their rights by the other estates (prelates, lords and knights) and finally obtained significant benefits from Emperor Leopold II .

On September 3, 1792, the city was hit by the worst stroke of fate. The largest fire, triggered by carelessness in the house of a master saddler on the main square, ignited and spread by a prevailing storm wind, almost completely incinerated the city. Of 166 houses, 164 were completely or partially destroyed, Landskron Castle also went down in the flames and the parish church and the rectory were seriously damaged. 153 families whose houses had burned down and over 200 sub-tenants lost their roof over their heads and all their belongings in a few hours. Nine or twelve people are also said to have died (two different records).

The reconstruction of the city brought about some changes in the cityscape. The Minoritengarten in front of the “Zum Schwarzen Adler” inn was used for street purposes, the Wienertor was dismantled and a street was opened from Mittergasse via Minoritenplatz to Mürzbrücke. Almost all of the town hall had to be rebuilt, only the old columns in the courtyard remain from the former castle. In the new building, the front opposite the “old town hall” (pharmacist's house) was set back and a new street was opened.

In 1794 there was a violent earthquake on February 6th.

In 1795 the "stone fountain" was built in the middle of the main square. The city now had five public wells, some of which got their water through wooden pipes from the wooden moat. In 1946 the stone fountain was removed.

1795 awarded Pope Pius VI. the respective city pastor the dignity of an infulized provost (prelate).

Recent history

Bruck an der Mur from the south, around 1820, Lith. Institution JF Kaiser, Graz

In 1797 the city got direct contact for the first time with the French, who had declared their declaration of war on April 20, 1792 and triggered the first coalition war. Archduke Karl, who had to withdraw from Lombardy, arrived in Bruck on April 4, 1797. Three days later, at the suggestion of Napoleon, an armistice was concluded. On April 7th, Napoleon's vanguard marched into Bruck. The next day Napoleon Bonaparte followed with the bulk of his army. Only the Mürz separated the opposing armies. On April 18, Napoleon concluded the preliminary peace of Leoben with Archduke Karl . The French left the city again on April 25th. During the time of their stay, everything that the totally impoverished population still owned was looted, robbed and blackmailed through abuse.

In 1799 Austria, Great Britain and Russia united and declared the second coalition war against Napoleon. On this occasion, Russian troops marched through Bruck in April 1799 under the important military leader Suwarow. This war ended in 1801.

In 1800 the civil grenadier corps was set up, a vigilante group that was entrusted with protecting the city.

At the end of December 1800, Ludwig Josef von Bourbon, Prince of Condé, came to Bruck with an emigre army and settled here. The corps consisted of French refugees who fought alongside the coalition against Napoleon and was now close to being dissolved. At that time the corps still included: 22 marshals, 6 princes, over 60 generals, more than 60 counts, over 35 marquis, a number of nobles from the Viscount down, 25 priests, including two bishops and an abbess. The depot had 349 officers, 216 noble women and ladies, 154 soldiers, 500 soldiers' wives and children, and 204 servants. The colorful heap moved from Bruck via Graz to Windisch-Feistritz on January 15, 1801, where it was dissolved.

In 1803 a fire broke out again, seriously damaging 17 or 18 houses and the Minorite monastery.

In 1805, in August, Austria joined the British-Russian coalition against France, which Sweden eventually joined. The coalition troops were inferior to the French and Bruck was again occupied by French troops from November 10, 1805 to January 1, 1806.

1807, May 2nd: By order of Emperor Franz I, the Vienna Court Chancellery ordered the abolition of the Minorite monastery.

In 1809 there was again war with the French. Austria was the loser and the city of Bruck suffered from the occupation from May 27, 1809 to January 2, 1810. The occupiers and French troops, who passed through again and again, robbed the population of everything and made them desperate.

In 1818 the Capuchin monastery dissolved due to a lack of young people.

In 1819, strong earthquakes occurred on February 26th and March 1st.

In 1821 important guests came through Bruck: on January 2nd Emperor Franz I of Austria and one day later Tsar Alexander of Russia . The two Highnesses traveled to a congress in Ljubljana.

In 1827 floods destroyed the Leobner Bridge. For this reason, an emergency road had to be created over the Postwiese to the Grazerbrücke until the bridge was rebuilt. This could only be opened to traffic in 1830 (opened by Emperor Franz I).

On August 6, 1838, Emperor Ferdinand I and his wife stayed in Bruck on their trip to Milan. On the return trip on October 25th, they stayed one night again. On October 21, 1844, Archduke Johann opened the Mürzzuschlag – Bruck – Graz railway line. On December 29, 1845, the Emperor of Russia, Tsar Nicholas I, was in Bruck and spent the night here. He had visited his sick wife in Palermo and was on his way home. He took a special train on the new railway line to Mürzzuschlag and then continued his journey in a carriage. On November 16, 1846, the Count of Chambord, grandson of Charles X. von Bourbon, married the great-niece of Emperor Leopold II. Marie Theresia Beatrix Cajetana d'Este in the Minorite Church .

In 1848, after the March Revolution, the only 18-year-old Archduke Franz Joseph took over the government of the Danube Monarchy as Emperor Franz Joseph I on December 2, 1848 . Bruck was affected to the extent that a national guard had to be set up to maintain order, which was disbanded in 1851. There were also administrative changes: the magistrate was dissolved and a community council was elected. The district office was abolished and transformed into a district government. It later became a district office and then a district authority.

In 1849 the Palatine Hussar deserters fell into the hands of the National Guard in Bruck. 15 NCOs and 21 men were sentenced to death by the court martial and immediately shot in front of the city wall.

In 1855 there was a new district division for Styria, Bruck remained the district capital. In 1861 the Sparkasse der Stadt Bruck was founded under liability of the municipality. In 1868, the Bruck – Leoben railway line was opened on September 1st.

In 1881 the M. Diamant paper, wood pulp and cellulose factory was founded. Also in 1881 a technical school for the wood industry was founded, which was later converted into one for the iron industry.

In 1882 the municipal pressure water pipeline was built, which could also bring the water to higher floors.

In 1887, the state of Styria built a hospital in Murvorstadt according to the most modern knowledge, which was named after the Crown Prince of Austria "Rudolf Spital" and which he handed over to its destination on October 28th.

On October 24, 1897, Bruck received his first ambulance, a vehicle drawn by two horses.

In 1898 the city theater burned down on December 17th.

In 1900 the State of Styria and the Styrian Forest Association established the “Higher Forestry School” for the Austrian Alpine countries. Since 2005, the school has been Austria's only federal higher education institution for forestry.

In 1903 the municipal power station was built and in 1907 the Realschule (later Realgymnasium) opened . On June 11, 1911, what was then the most modern shooting range in the monarchy, the "Kaiser Franz Josef shooting range", was inaugurated by Archduke Friedrich on the Schlossberg.

The world war 1914-1918 interrupted the development of the city.

On January 8, 1919, the Bruck archive holdings from 1850 to 1886, including submission logs and indices with a total weight of 8,448 kg, were sold as waste paper to a Bruck merchant at the price of 9 K 50 h per 100 kg and then crushed in the Frohnleiten paper factory. The newly elected council was constituted on July 19, 1919. In 1922, the cadastral community of Berndorf, which had belonged to Kapfenberg, became part of the municipality of Bruck. In 1923 the population was 11,290.

April 25, 1924: According to statistics, at the height of inflation, Bruck is the most expensive city in Austria with a weekly cost of living of 178,469 kroner, ahead of Graz with 155,062 kroner.

Although it does not belong to the city of Bruck, the Pernegger Mur power station and the associated reservoir should be mentioned, as this construction was of great importance for the region.

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1928 to May 1945

In 1928 the post and telegraph office was set up on the main square. In the same year, a commercial school was attached to the Federal Realschule. Bruck has always been an important rail hub. Records from 1928 gave the following overview: This year, 9,348 express trains and 19,320 passenger trains ran in the local station. 400,887 people were processed. The Federal Railways employed 900 civil servants, auxiliary services and workers in Bruck.

In 1928/29 the Holz-Murbrücke in Graz was replaced by a reinforced concrete bridge. In 1930/31 the 1,200,000 liter water tank was built on the Schlossberg plateau.

On September 13, 1931, the Schlossberg was "occupied" in the course of the Pfrimer Home Guard putsch . After a few hours the haunted life ended bloodlessly. Dr. Pfrimer was acquitted in the Leoben show trial in October.

The social tensions that have built up since 1848 reached their climax in February 1934 when the Heimwehr and Schutzbund fought a bloody battle in Bruck. The well-known worker leader Koloman Wallisch was subsequently sentenced to death and executed in Leoben . Eleven people from the Schutzbund troops were killed in Bruck (except Wallisch). After this uprising, the Schutzbund was banned.

Compared to previous decades, there was brisk construction activity in the 1930s. A few examples: Residential houses were built for the city employees, which were later converted into barracks (Archduke Johann barracks). On April 11, 1934, the groundbreaking ceremony took place for the first suburban settlement in Heiligen-Geist-Gasse.

The suburban settlement in Berndorf-Laming, on Tragößerstraße, was also built in the thirties. The development of the Wüstenrotsiedlung in Wüstenroterstraße also fell in the late thirties. It was also during this time that the chamber for workers and employees built a children's home on the Kreckerfeldern (Grabenfeldstrasse). These buildings were only a drop in the ocean, because the average population could neither afford a house nor a reasonably decent apartment. Years of unemployment condemned many people to hopeless poverty and forced them to endure hardship and humiliation.

On July 9, 1935, Federal President Miklas opened the new railway bridge over the Mur. In the same year the higher forestry school was closed.

On March 12, 1938, Austria was annexed to Germany. On Sunday, March 13th, the battery of field cannon regiment No. 6, which had been stationed here since February 27th, left Bruck to return to Vienna. Around noon on the same day, the population expected the German Wehrmacht to arrive . At around 1 p.m., columns of cars and motorbikes drove into the city. At the same time, several aircraft squadrons flew over Bruck an der Mur. After the passage, the local garrison was sworn in on the Führer on the main square.

On March 16, the gendarmerie of the Bruck an der Mur district was sworn in. Soon after, the Gauleiter Sigfried Uiberreither was received on the main square. On 21 March, SS Reichsfuehrer Himmler held briefly in Bruck to attend a social evening at the Hotel Black Eagle participate. Seven days later General Field Marshal Göring drove through Bruck in a special train. During the short stay, the district leaders of the NSDAP ( National Socialist German Workers' Party ) and the Sturmbannführer of the SS and SA reported.

On Sunday, April 3rd, the special train with the guide on its way to Graz arrived at the local train station at 2:15 p.m. When Hitler appeared at the window, he was greeted enthusiastically. The same picture emerged on Monday when the train coming from Graz stopped for ten minutes. On April 7, 1938, the Reichsbauernführer Walther Darré arrived at Adolf-Hitler-Platz (today: Koloman-Wallisch-Platz). On the occasion of the farmers' day, the district leader Karl Ahorner gave a speech in front of the town hall.

The referendum for the connection to Germany took place on April 10th. 8,524 men and women were entitled to vote in Bruck. 8,506 people took part in the vote. The number of votes cast was 8,466, the number of votes against 21, 19 votes were invalid.

For the communities, the connection meant a total reorganization. Functionaries in politics, economy, industry and culture were exchanged, the tasks of the communities changed many times and subordinated to the NSDAP. The Bruck District Captain Josef Pauer-Kulpathal was deposed and taken into protective custody. The management of his office was transferred to the district management of the NSDAP, Anton Böcker ran the business. The provisional mayor was Professor Hubatschek until April 1, when the former district judge Egon Schilcher took over the office until October 1939.

In 1939 the census gave the following overview: 7,038 men, 6,328 women, a total of 13,366 inhabitants. On October 26, 1940, the topping-out ceremony for 31 houses (181 apartments) took place in the South Tyrolean settlement that was built for the immigrant South Tyroleans. A number of residential buildings were also built in Neubaugasse and residential buildings for railway employees in Grabenfeldgasse.

In 1943/44, after the failure of the German troops at Stalingrad, the air raids in Styria intensified. The cities of Marburg, Knittelfeld, Judenburg, Kapfenberg, Bruck and Graz were particularly affected.

In November 1944, Kreisleiter Schwaifer sworn in three Volkssturm battalions at Adolf-Hitler-Platz.

In 1945 there were several air raids on Bruck. The Bruckers sought protection in the Schlossberg tunnel or in the city forest. Despite everything, there were always human lives to be lamented. So z. B. The attacks that were carried out on Bruck on February 19 and 23, 1945 resulted in fatalities, seriously and slightly injured. Six people died in the attack on March 21.

The Second World War ended on May 8, 1945 . On May 9th, the occupation of Styria by the victorious troops was completed. Bruck belonged to the Soviet occupation zone until July 24, 1945. Thereafter it belonged to the British zone of occupation until September 1955 .

Post-war period - important changes

• 1945–1950: On May 9th, Bruck was occupied by Russian troops and Mayor Hütter was replaced by Franz Gruber
• On May 15, the Russian military government ordered the formation of the first municipal council after the Second World War
• At the end of June August Hahn was appointed mayor and confirmed in his office in the November elections
• Realschule released by the British in September, elementary school Dr.-Th.-Körner-Strasse ready for pupils on October 5th after renovation
• 1946 Opening of the kindergarten Dr.-Th.-Körner-Straße in the former “Brown House” on June 3rd
• On June 17th, the municipality took over the garbage collection
• Urgent road maintenance works and works on the sewer system were carried out
• The “three-city theater” of the cities of Leoben, Bruck and Kapfenberg was very well received
• 1948 Removal of the Neptune Fountain (“Stone Fountain”) from the main square
• February 1949 Opening of the newly designed kindergarten on Dr.-Th.-Körner-Straße
• On September 11, 1949, the Knottingerstrasse elementary school opened
• In 1949, the residential construction activity, which had lasted for years, began, first by the municipality, later by the federal government, the state and housing cooperatives
• The first real municipal council elections after the Second World War took place on April 23, 1950
• The civil status survey carried out in Bruck on October 10, 1950 showed the following results: 7,171 men, 7,501 women, a total of 14,672 residents and 1,301 houses.

Further development of the city in the following decades

• 1951–1960: The Pischk district received an elementary school, which also housed the one-year housekeeping school.
• The Brucker housing and settlement cooperative began its activity.
• On May 1, 1953, food stamps were abolished in Austria.
• The chamber music hall is set up in the former St. Martins Chapel (at the Bürgerspital)
• The city coat of arms in the municipal seal was again given the panther instead of the shield.
• After the signing of the State Treaty on May 15, 1955, the foreign troops left Austria in September.
• Further development: Construction of the fire department equipment house with adjoining residential building
• Establishment of a local history museum in the cloister of the Minorite Church
• Construction of the boys 'main school and the special school, conversion of the girls' main school and construction of the music school in the former old people's home (citizen's hospital)
• Construction of the municipal building yard in Grazerstraße
• Foundation of the Josef Haydn Orchestra and the Singing Group
• Expansion of the sports field on the Murinsel and construction of the sports house
• The Protestant congregation moved to the newly built church.
• Housing construction still had priority, but road maintenance and expansion as well as work on the sewer system also had priority.
• The redesign of the Koloman-Wallisch-Platz (asphalting) with the travel agency building and the public lavatory underneath took place in 1959.
• 1961–1970: Extension and reconstruction of the station with redesign of the forecourt
• New kindergarten in Westend and new establishment of the Pischk kindergarten
• School system improvement: an extension of the VS Knottingerstraße and a new VS building in the Grabenfeldstraße
• On Murinsel: construction of the stadium bridge and construction of the new outdoor pool
• Relocation of the tax office, land register and district court from the former Minorite monastery to the new office building on Postwiese
• Construction of the bypass with the high bridge (behind the Minoritenkirche)
• 1971–1980: Closure of the cinema on Dr.-Th.-Körner-Straße
• Sports hall opening (corner of Jahnstrasse - Schillerstrasse) in the presence of Federal President Kirchschläger
• Gradual structural change in business life: long-established family businesses, companies, businesses close, retail chains dominate, several new banks are opened.
• 1981–1990: Reconstruction and renovation work at the town hall and local history museum
• Redevelopment of Mitter- and Burggasse to establish the first pedestrian zone in Upper Styria
• Construction of the fully biological sewage treatment plant Oberaich - Bruck
• General renovation of the outdoor pool on the Murinsel
• Foundation of the Brucke literature circle
• Reconstruction of the Dr.-Th.-Körner-Straße kindergarten and new kindergarten in Berndorf
• The bypass road (junction of the S 6 and S 35) through the Kaltbachgraben towards Vienna goes into operation
• Redesign of the Minoritenplatz and construction of the "Bauer-Passage"
• Expansion of the Schiffgasse to the Schifferturm (access to the newly built Arc Hotel)
• 1991–2000: Commissioning of the new Stadtwerke-Center in Stadtwerkestrasse
• Opening of the "Ostring" (traffic connection from Grazerstraße - on the back of the Minoritenkirche, along the Mürz - to the roundabout at the Mürzbrücke)
• Construction of the parking garage on the Ostring
• Construction of the new secondary school gym, costs: 26 million schillings
• Introduction of the chargeable "blue parking zones"
• Design of the "Altstadtgalerie" (connection Mittergasse - Herzog-Ernst-Gasse - Burggasse) with over 3000 m² of retail space
• Creation of a pedestrian connection from the Mur suburb to the Schifflend (Schiffgasse) over the Mur by building the Hohenlimburg Bridge
• Federal Minister Viktor Klima opens the new second lane of the Mürzbrücke from the Wienertor to the train station
• City bus traffic begins
• Opening of the new state hospital in the Laming with the associated residential building for employees
• Gym building for the elementary school in Berndorf
• Old LKH: conversion of the gynecology into a nursing home and establishment of the business park in the main building
• Redesign of the pedestrian zone (asphalt and natural stone paving and artistic design)
• Merger of Austria Draht with Walzdraht Donawitz to form "VA Austria Draht GmbH"
• Sale of the KNP Leykam paper mill to "Norske Skog"
• Foundation of the "Initiative Brucker Schlossberg" association
• Extension to the district retirement home and new interior design in the old wing in the old people's home alley
• Demolition of the former Hotel Bayer on the main square for the planned extension of the town hall
• Construction of the culture house in the old cinema and city hall complex (1st construction stage)
• Town hall renovation and new building with roofed town hall courtyard.

View from the Schlossberg

• 2000–2010: Four-lane expansion of Wienerstraße (B 116)
• Renovation and colored lighting of the castle hill
• Redesign of Koloman-Wallisch-Platz with the construction of a two-story underground car park
• Construction of the Westspange Nagelschmiedgasse
• Establishment of the Eurospar store in Bahnhofstrasse
• Renewal of the street lighting in the pedestrian zone (Mittergasse, Burggasse)
• Redesign of the Schiffländ with one-way regulation
• 2010/11: Demolition of the so-called high bridge, an important transport link across Bruck an der Mur. The new four-lane construction began in mid-February 2011, and traffic was opened in 2012.
• 2012: Foundation of the association, funding for the restoration of the Holy Spirit Chapel
• 2013: Opening of the converted train station and the Weitental Spa.
• In 2015 the market town of Oberaich was incorporated into the city.
• 2020: Ceremony for the completion of the restoration of the Holy Spirit Chapel

Fires (summary from the history abstract)

• In 1382 108 houses and the Minorite Church burned down.
• In 1461 the "several parts of the city are well fused".
• In 1510 52 houses burned down. In 1530 there was another big fire (in 1543 there were still 32 houses "desolate").
• In 1683 there was another major fire. It affected the Minorite Monastery and the Minorite Church, 117 houses (2/3 of the city), battlements, seven city towers and the reading hammer.
• In 1688 it burned again, there are no records of it.
• In 1708 seven houses burned down in Mittergasse.
• In 1761 a fire destroyed the Stadtmühle Am Wienertor.
• In 1763 a fire broke out at the Unterbräuer (corner of Roseggerstrasse - Grazerstrasse). Two neighboring houses, the Minorite monastery and nine houses in Pischk burned with him.
• In 1781 ten houses burned down.
• In 1792, on September 3rd, there was the biggest fire in the city. Of 166 houses, 164 were completely or partially destroyed. Landskron Castle was also completely destroyed, the parish church and the rectory partially destroyed. 153 families whose houses burned down and 200 people living as tenants lost all their belongings and the roof over their heads in just a few hours. Nine or twelve people (conflicting records) were killed.
• In 1803, 17 houses and the Minorite monastery were damaged by fire.
• In 1834 the Liesinger mill burned down.
• In 1890 the Till art mill burned down on the Mürz, which had partially supplied the city with electric light.
• In 1898, on December 17th, the theater on Wienergasse (later Herzog-Ernst-Gasse) burned down.

Epidemics

After the plague had spread several times in Europe (see here ), between 1443 and 1478 the "Sundersiechhaus" (leprosy house) is called repeatedly. From this it can be assumed that leprosy (leprosy) also penetrated into Styria. This several centuries old hospital was located at the Hl.-Geist-Kirche on Grazer Straße and probably also served as a plague hospital.

Natural disasters

• There was an earthquake in 1276, more detailed records are missing.
• In 1316 one of the two Mur bridges was torn away by the flood.
• In 1348 an earthquake hit the Mur and Mürz valleys for eight days on January 25th. It was so violent that Kindberg Castle collapsed. The south face of the Villacher Alpe (Carinthia) crashed into the Gailtal and buried seventeen communities. There are no records of damage in Bruck.
• In 1480 locusts invaded Styria and destroyed the entire harvest, including the roots.
• In 1651 the two bridges across the Mur, threatened by floods, could only be saved with difficulty.
• In 1787, on November 1st, the Mürzbrücke was destroyed by floods.
• 1794 was a violent earthquake on February 6th.
• In 1813 floods again destroyed the Mürzbrücke and tore away two mills.
• In 1819 there was another strong earthquake on February 26th.
• In 1827 floods destroyed the Leobner Bridge.
• In 1846 the Mürzbrücke was torn away again by the flood.

Population development

As in other industrial cities in Upper Styria, the number of inhabitants rose continuously until 1975 and reached its peak with around 16,000 inhabitants. Since the steel crisis, the population has decreased due to migration to Graz and the surrounding area. As a result of the merger with the neighboring municipality of Oberaich, the highest level at that time was almost reached again. The city is trying to reverse the negative trend and bring people into the city with cheap new apartments. On January 1, 2015, the city had 15,789 inhabitants

Culture and sights

See also:  List of listed objects in Bruck an der Mur

Buildings

Churches

Bruck an der Mur with St. Ruprecht's Church, cemetery and Pius Institute

Holy Spirit Chapel

Depiction of a "hell's throat" on the frescoes in St. Ruprecht's Church

Fresco in the Minoritenkirche Maria im Walde

• The parish church of the Birth of Mary (Church of Our Lady) is located in the “Am Hohen Markt” district. Construction began with the new construction of the city around 1272. A choir consecration has been handed down for 1336, possibly synonymous with the completion of the first church building. It probably replaced St. Ruprecht as a parish in 1498.
• The Minoritenkirche Maria im Walde is located at the eastern end of Mittergasse. Former monastery church of the Minorite monastery, built probably before the construction of the monastery building, so in any case before 1300. The church is known for the fresco of Saint Achatius and the martyrdom of the 10,000 .
• St. Ruprecht is located a little outside the city on the right bank of the Mur and is surrounded by a cemetery. The former parish church was founded by the Archdiocese of Salzburg and its core dates back to the 9th century. A stone inscription next to the west gate gives the alleged consecration date the year 1063. The original structure of the masonry is Romanesque. From 1415 on, several modifications and extensions took place. The church is used for funeral ceremonies. Famous church for their significant is the Gothic frescoes that a world court presentation show.
• St. Nikolaus is in the Pischk district, on a hill above the Mur, formerly surrounded by a cemetery, is this church, which was once donated by the Murflößer Brotherhood. The core of the church is Romanesque, was expanded in the 14th century, vaulted with net ribs in the middle of the 15th century and today has a Gothic appearance. The church is occasionally used for concerts or supplication services.
• St. Georg am Pöglhof stands on a hill northwest of the city. It was mentioned in a document in 1060 and 1114 as Markwarts von Eppenstein's own church . In 1531 it was bought by the armorer Sebald Pögl II. The exterior of the church is a late Gothic structure from the end of the 15th century. The church is only open to the public during cultural events.
• Former St. Martin Citizens Hospital Church at the city exit, in front of the Leobnerbrücke, is attached to the former Citizens Hospital. Exact construction data are not available. The first documentary mention is from the year 1329, on the occasion of a testamentary foundation of the wife of Duke Frederick the Fair. The former church interior has been converted into a chamber music hall.
• The Church of the Blood Sweating Savior stands on Kalvarienberg and is a sacrifice of thanks by the citizens of Bruck for averting the plague epidemic of 1716; It was consecrated in 1719. The last service took place in 1969. The church is left to decay.
• Holy Spirit Chapel : Standing a little south of Bruck, it was mentioned as a chapel in a foundation deed from 1422 in connection with the “Sunder Infirmary” and was destroyed in 1480 by the Turks. The chapel was rebuilt between 1495 and 1497 through donations from six civil donors. It has a hexagonal floor plan. Between 1792 and 1800 it was excreted, rebuilt and used for secular purposes. Between 2012 and 2020 the chapel was built according to the motto This project has no use, it makes sense. restored. On June 7, 2020, the so-called Trinity Sunday , as Philipp Harnoncourt , the initiator and motor of the restoration of the Holy Spirit Chapel, had wished, the completion of the restoration was celebrated with a ceremony - just a few days after his death and one Day after his funeral in Grundlsee . The celebration was broadcast via livestream on the website of the city of Bruck an der Mur.
• Maria-Hilf-Kapelle stands at the end of Schiffgasse, there are no records of its origin - it is first mentioned in an old land register in 1783. In 1924 it was renovated with donations and rededicated on September 14th of that year. The last renovation took place in 1996, it is considered a baroque gem.
• Evangelical parish church was built next to the Protestant rectory (near the secondary school) 1957-1959. In 2002 she received the ringing consisting of three bells. The evangelical parish had no church for a long time, the devotions had to be held in "prayer rooms".

Other structures

Kornmesserhaus, iron fountain and castle hill with clock tower (August 2006)

• Kornmesserhaus (1499–1505) is one of the most beautiful Gothic secular buildings in Austria.

• Town Hall - Hauptplatz No. 1 is essentially late Gothic, classicist facade with pilaster strips and triangular gable. In the north-facing courtyard there are three-storey column arcades, built around 1530. Archduke Ferdinand acquired the town house in 1596 and set up his princely castle here for a temporary stay. In 1609 the Archduke left the building to the city, which wanted to use it as the town hall. But extensive reconstructions lasted until 1629 and the first meeting could only be held on October 26th of that year. In 1792, after the great city fire, there wasn't much left of the town hall. It was rebuilt in 1795/98. In 1998 the town hall was rebuilt by the architect Meinhard Neugebauer, the adjacent Hotel Bayer was demolished and a new building was erected at this point, which is connected to the old town hall. The old courtyard was provided with a glass roof.

• Apothekerhaus - Hauptplatz No. 2 from the first half of the 16th century originally served as the town hall. Two-storey column arcades from the 16th century (1520/30) in the rectangular courtyard. The house has been used as a pharmacy since 1715. The first owner was Simon Jakob Häntsch.

• Fabriziushaus - Hauptplatz No. 23 is one of the oldest buildings on the Hauptplatz and dates from the first half of the 16th century. The facade is adorned with arched, grooved arcades supported by round pillars. In the well-preserved two-storey arcade courtyard, the arches rest on late Gothic columns. It got its name (“Fabrizische Habausung”) from the “Khayserlichen Mayjaestätischen Rath” Georg Albinus Fabrizius, who lived here in 1634.

• Flößmeisterhaus - Herzog-Ernst-Gasse No. 5 dates from the second quarter of the 16th century, two-storey, four-axis, with beveled round arched portal, coupled with a Renaissance window, courtyard with two-storey arcades. The house was owned by Bruck raft masters for six centuries; therefore the name.

• Former princely / imperial castle - Herzog-Ernst-Gasse No. 9. The building was donated or built in 1456 by Erhard Khornmetz (" A doubled house and garden in Wienergasse for his first benefit "). The core of the building dates from the 16th century. Due to several renovations and fires, not much of the original building can be seen. Due to an inheritance contract, the house fell to Wolf von Stubenberg in the 16th century and subsequently to his son Georg. Archduke Karl declared it a free house for the Stubenbergs . On January 4, 1561, the imperial councilor Andrae Pögl Freiherr von Reifenstein and Arberg received the building from Emperor Ferdinand I as a gift. On July 15, 1607, Archduke Ferdinand von Peter Kugelmann, Baron v. Edenfels, the property after he was asked by the Brucker magistrate to make his residence on the main square available for the city council. Until 1752 the building served as a princely or imperial castle. From 1752 to 1925 the house was military accommodation (castle barracks), then the official building and training center for the gendarmerie, and since 2005 it has housed the police station of the Federal Police.

• Staudeggerhaus - Roseggerstrasse No. 32 is a two-storey eight-axis building from the first half of the 16th century with a simple facade from the 18th century, a round arched gate and a corridor vaulted with groin. In the courtyard, north and east side, upper storey arcades on octagonal pillars around 1530 and basket arch arcades from the 18th century.

• The Marien or Plague Column was erected on the main square in 1710. It consists of a column on which the statue of Maria Immaculata stands. It is surrounded by six statues of Saints Florian, Sebastian, Joseph, Johannes Nepomuk, Rochus and Antonius of Padua. The pillar was built by the citizens of Bruck and was supposed to reconcile God and keep away the "plagues of God" fire, plague and floods.

• Antauerhaus

• Fabriziushaus

• Gothic stone cross on Landskrongasse stands in front of the former Wienertor, where the Landskrongasse branches off from the entrance road coming from Kapfenberg. The four-sided wayside shrine, about eight meters high, is already mentioned in a land register (land tax book) of the Landskron lordship that was created before 1480. For a long time it was also regarded as a boundary stone between the Bruck magistrate and the Landskron rulership.

• Wayside shrine on Dr.-Theodor-Körner-Strasse: Mayor Martin Hietwol had this built in 1606 after he became mayor for the second time. In the niche of the top is a statue of the Madonna, underneath the coat of arms of Hietwol with the letters M.H. and an inscription.

The clock tower on the Schlossberg is one of the landmarks of Bruck an der Mur

• Schlossberg with clock tower and the Landskron castle ruins are illuminated in color at night

• Schifferturm (part of the former city fortifications)

• Culture house

Iron fountain, detail of the wrought iron arbor at night (2010)

• Iron fountain is one of the city's landmarks. It stands on the main square, diagonally across from the town hall and is one of the most important wrought-iron works of art of its kind in Styria. There has been a well here since the city was founded, from which water was drawn from the depths with buckets. The artistic wrought iron arbor was first mentioned in 1613 on the occasion of repair work. In 1626 the stone plinth was renewed by the stonemason Hans Prasser and the following inscription was added:

“IN THE 1626 YEAR OF GMAINER INSTEAD OF I WAS ERPAVET. THAT WAY I HAVE BEEN DIG THAT YOU HAVE A KIELEN TRVNCKH KAN. VND LIKES ME DRINK WITHOUT WORRY, HAVE BEEN CAIN, SO THAT I BORROW. I HANNS PRASSER RATHER DRINK WINE THAN WATER, I TRVNKH THE WATER AS WINE THAT I HAVE TO BE A RICHER PRASSER. VMB DUE TO THE RISK OF REBELIONS WHERE THE BARTLMAI LINZER MARCKH WAS KEEPING HERE IN PLACE OF LINZ. "

The hoop of the fountain arbor and the top border is covered with spindle flowers. Wrought iron tendrils are placed on the bridges; A small figure in sheet metal cut of St. George . The grating on the parapet dates from 1693, the flywheel from 1883. In 1906, the Brucker kuk locksmith school made a copy of the fountain on the occasion of the opening of the Museum of Applied Arts on the Stubenring in Vienna. However, the wheel and the inscriptions by Hans Prasser are missing. In the middle there is a sign with this inscription: “Copy of the fountain in Bruck / Mur. Executed by the local kuk technical school in 1906 ”.

"Roman Bridge" St. Dionysen

• Roman Bridge St. Dionysen : In the district of St. Dionysen there is a very well-preserved bridge, allegedly still built by the Romans, over which the Imperial Road from Flavia Solva led to the Norwegian main road.

Excursion destinations

• Almgasthaus Kirl , starting point for hikes in the Rosseck and Mugl area, popular excursion destination for many people from Oberaich and Bruck
• Gasthaus am Madereck (often visited)

Regular events, tourism

• In mid-May, the Brucker Business Run, the largest running event in Upper Styria, will take place.
• On the second Saturday in August there is an international city festival, on the days before the city festival is preceded by a colorful juggler festival, the “Murenschalk”.
• The autumn events start at the end of August with the Riverside music and culinary festival on the banks of the Mur.
• The Schlossbergfest takes place at the end of September on the Schlossberg in Bruck.
• Recurring annual markets:
  • "Arbesmarkt": first Monday in Lent
  • "Whit Tuesday Market": Whit Tuesday
  • "Portiunkula market": first Monday in August
  • Martini market: In 1320, King Friedrich III. (as Rudolf's successor, Styrian Duke since 1306) holding a fair at Martini (November 11th). This market is still being held.

Bruck an der Mur has developed into a popular excursion destination in recent years. Due to the numerous historical sights, the city is one of the most popular day tourist destinations in the region. In addition, the Mur Cycle Path , the nature conservation center in Weitental, the city hiking path with the Brucker Schlossberg and the seminar and conference infrastructure bring guests into the city. Since October 20, 2016, Bruck an der Mur has been a member of the “Small Historic Cities of Austria”.

Thanks to its central location between the Grazer Bergland in the south, the Fischbacher Alps with Peter Rosegger's forest home in the east, the Hochschwab with the Green Lake in the north and the nearby Niedere Tauern in the west, it is a starting point for hiking tours of all levels of difficulty. It is not only located on the Murrad and Mürz Valley Cycle Paths , there are also numerous regional and local cycle paths through the Kornmesserstadt.

Tourist offers:

• Brucker Schlossberg and historic old town,
• Mürz Valley Cycle Path, Lamingtal Cycle Path to Tragöß and the Green Lake, mountain bike trails on the Hochanger and Madereck
• Weitental nature conservation center with a local recreation area, wildlife sanctuary and adventure playground

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Trolleybus plan 1997

Historically, Bruck an der Mur is an important traffic junction in Upper Styria.

Local public transport

Bruck an der Mur is served together with Kapfenberg by the city bus network of the Mürzaler Verkehrs-Gesellschaft mbH. From July 1, 1944 to February 15, 2002, the Kapfenberg trolleybus also ran to Bruck. Since the four-lane expansion of state road 116 (Edlingerstraße) in both cities at the beginning of 2004, the overhead lines have been dismantled and no longer built due to the high costs. Afterwards these trolleybuses were replaced by buses with internal combustion engines. Small city buses connect all parts of the city with the center. Furthermore, some post bus lines, lines of the Steiermarkbahn and von Watzke stop at Koloman-Wallisch-Platz or at the train station.

railroad

The district of Bruck an der Mur received a railway junction in the middle of the 19th century, when the kk priv. Österreichische Südbahn-Gesellschaft branched off a line from Bruck to Leoben from its Vienna - Semmering - Graz line, which was opened in 1844.

The Bruck / Mur station is still an important railway junction of the Austrian Federal Railways today; it was rebuilt from July 2010 to August 2013. Express trains to Vienna and Graz stop every hour, to Villach every two hours. Since the end of 2007, Bruck an der Mur has been the terminus of the S1 of the S-Bahn system for the greater Graz area. Since December 2016, the S8 and S9 lines have also ended at Bruck an der Mur station .

Road traffic

In Bruck an der Mur, the Semmering expressway S 6 from Seebenstein to St. Michael crosses the Bruck expressway S 35 in the direction of Graz. The old "elevated railway" of Leobener Straße B 116, which is one of the busiest roads in Styria, has been replaced by a four-lane route with a new Mur bridge, a two-lane roundabout and a motorway feeder. The road was opened to traffic on October 8, 2012. In addition, an access ramp to the S 6 in the direction of Leoben is planned in order to free the Leobener Straße in the city area from heavy through traffic.

Public facilities

A police station has been established in Bruck an der Mur as an office of the Federal Police , which is subordinate to the Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Police Command.

education

Bruck is a center of education. The city's schools are attended by many students from the surrounding communities. In addition to several elementary and secondary schools, there is the BG and BRG Bruck an der Mur, the commercial academy, the higher federal training institute for forestry , which is unique in Austria, and the private educational institute for kindergarten pedagogy of the Caritas of the Graz-Seckau diocese. The PIUS Institute of the Cross Sisters is a school (private general special school), training center and dormitory for mentally handicapped children and young adults.

Bruck an der Mur is the only Styrian district capital and the only municipality with over 10,000 inhabitants without a public library .

politics

Municipal council

Municipal council election 2015

Turnout: 64.32% (−1.01 pp)

 %

60

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

43.88%
(-14.10  % p )

18.26%
(-4.51  % p )

22.09%
(+ 11.13  % p )

5.16%
(+ 0.86  % p )

5.79%
(+ 3.32  % p )

4.80%
( n.k. )

n. k.
(-1.52  % p )

SPÖ

ÖVP

FPÖ

GREEN

KPÖ

List Bruck Oberaich

BZÖ

2010



2015



The amalgamation of municipalities that has now taken place was reflected in the 2010 election results.

Mayor Chronicle

Since July 1880 the city of Bruck an der Mur has had the following mayors:

Vincent Till	July 1880 to 1885
Guido Finck	1886 to May 1894
Viktor Kravani	June 1894 to July 1896
Georg Reppin	September 1896 to April 1898
Josef Knottinger	May 1898 to May 1919
Anton Pichler	August 1919 to January 1925
Franz Gruber	February 1925 to February 1934
Peter Pachler	February 1934 to August 1936
Hans Malissa	September 1936 to March 1938
Karl Hubatschek	March 13-30, 1938
Egon Schilcher	April 1938 to October 1939
Hans Schön	November 1939 to January 1940
Michael Klaischer	February 1940 to April 1943
Karl Hütter	April 1943 to May 1945
Franz Gruber	May to June 1945
August Hahn	June 1945 to January 1965
Erwin Linhart	January 1965 to May 1977
Rudolf Burgstaller	May 1977 to June 1989
Gottfried Grandl	June 1989 to December 1994
Bernd Rosenberger	December 15, 1994 to April 22, 2014
Hans Straßegger	April 22, 2014 to May 31, 2017
Peter Koch	since June 1, 2017

badges and flags

With a document dated April 6, 1506, King Maximilian I granted the Brucker knitting, scrap, scythe, knife and knife makers the city coat of arms on their products. This was described as follows:

“A horizontally divided shield, the upper field of which is green, the lower one stone-colored. In between, a stone bridge with two towers and four flying buttresses through which a river flows. In the upper part is a right-turned panther, with raised paws and a fiery tongue. "

Due to the amalgamation of the municipalities, the coats of arms of the merged municipalities lost their official validity on January 1st, 2015. The new municipal coat of arms was awarded with effect from February 20, 2015.
The blazon (coat of arms description) reads:

"A green shield, traversed over a blue, silver-flooded shield base by a silver, tinned and square bridge with four round arches, on this two tinned hexagonal towers, each with a black openwork round arched window on the upper floor, enclosing a silver, red-tongued panther growing out of the bridge. "

The city flag has three stripes in green-white-blue with the coat of arms.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Ernst the Iron (1377–1424), Duke of Austria
• Rudolf Schifkorn (1817–1882), technician
• Ignaz Preisegger (1824–1881), portrait painter
• Hanns Kornberger (1868–1933), architect
• Karl Pichelmayer (1868–1914), technician
• Rudolf Egger (1882–1969), ancient historian, epigraphist and archaeologist
• Rudolf Wagner (1884–1959), violinist and music teacher
• Erich Schmid (1896–1983), physicist
• Oskar Wintersteiner (1898–1971), chemist and biologist
• Johann Mokre (1901–1981), legal philosopher
• Otto Christandl (1909-1946), NSDAP - district leader , convicted murderer
• Edda Egger (1910–1993), politician
• Herta Frauneder (1912–1999), architect
• Edmund Hlawka (1916–2009), mathematician
• Hanns Malissa (1920–2010), chemist
• Alois Purgathofer (1925–1984), astronomer
• Sepp Maier (* 1939), local poet
• Peter Trummer (* 1941), Roman Catholic theologian
• Brigitte Xander (1942–2008), radio and television presenter
• Christian Anders (* 1945), pop singer
• Helmut Kand (* 1946), artist, poetic surrealist
• Hans Trummer (1947–2007), writer
• Anna Huber (* 1948), politician
• Peter Rabl (* 1948), journalist
• Elfriede Kern (* 1950), writer
• Manfred Prisching (* 1950), sociologist
• Eva Rueber-Staier (* 1951), Miss Styria and Miss World 1969
• Fritz Linner (* 1952), radio and television journalist
• Oskar Sakrausky (* 1952), Protestant military bishop
• Erwin Wurm (* 1954), artist (sculptor)
• Edith Hrovat (* 1956), judoka
• Kurt Remele (* 1956), Roman Catholic theologian (social ethicist)
• Heinz Thonhofer (* 1958), soccer player and coach
• Dietmar Feichtinger (* 1961), architect
• Alois Fürstner (* 1962), chemist
• Hary Raithofer (* 1965), radio presenter
• Marion Mitterhammer (* 1965), actress
• Christoph Grabenwarter (* 1966), lawyer
• Jörg Leichtfried (* 1967), politician
• Thomas D. Trummer (* 1967), art historian
• Herwig Gradischnig (* 1968), jazz saxophonist
• Gilbert Schaller (* 1969), tennis player, Davis Cup captain
• Elisabeth Scharang (* 1969), director
• Michaela Sohn-Kronthaler (* 1969), church historian and professor
• Christian Hölbling (* 1972), cabaret artist and comedian
• Michael Fendre (* 1974), conductor
• Harald Kleinhofer (1974–2016), natural track tobogganist
• Christoph Brandner (* 1975), ice hockey player
• Stephan Görgl (* 1978), ski racer
• Elisabeth Görgl (* 1981), ski racer
• Robert Almer (* 1984), soccer goalkeeper
• Sieglinde Feldhofer (* 1985), opera singer
• Stefan Hermann (* 1985), politician, member of the Styrian Landtag
• Stefan Hofer (* 1986), politician
• Andreas Schicker (* 1986), soccer player
• Mario Lang (* 1988), rock singer
• Sebastian Ofner (* 1996), tennis player
• Felix Friedl (* 1996), beach volleyball player
• Justin McCaw (born 1998), basketball player
• Christoph Graschi (* 2001), soccer player

Personalities associated with the city

• Atha Athanasiadis (* 1969), journalist
• Egmont Foregger (1922–2007), lawyer, civil servant and politician
• Philipp Harnoncourt (1931–2020), priest, theologian and initiator of the restoration of the Holy Spirit Chapel
• Heinrich the Meek (1299–1327), Duke of Austria
• Rudolf Jugoviz (1868–1932), headmaster
• Wilhelm Krautwaschl (* 1963), diocesan bishop
• Roderich Mojsisovics von Mojsvár (1877–1953), conductor and composer
• Hugo von Montfort (1357–1423), politician and poet
• Ottokar II Přemysl (around 1232–1278), King of Bohemia
• Leopold Johann Nepomuk von Sacher (1797–1874), civil servant, natural scientist and patron
• Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836–1895), writer
• Koloman Wallisch (1889–1934), labor leader, politician

Town twinning

• Hagen-Hohenlimburg in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ), since 1974
• Liévin , Hauts-de-France region ( France ), since 1999
• Veroli , Lazio Region ( Italy )

literature

• Werner Strahalm: Bruck an der Mur. From the beginning to the present. Edition Strahalm, Graz / Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-900526-05-2 .
• Richard Antauer: From the history of the city of Bruck. In: Bruck an der Mur. A home book. City of Bruck an der Mur, 1951.
• Ferdinand Tremel: Bruck an der Mur. Lecture given on the occasion of the hiking meeting in Bruck an der Mur on September 25, 1955. In: Blätter für Heimatkunde. 29, 1955.

Web links

Commons : Bruck an der Mur  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Bruck an der Mur in the Topographia Austriacarum (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• 62139 - Bruck an der Mur. Community data, Statistics Austria .
• bruckmur.at - Official website of the city of Bruck an der Mur
• Austrian City Atlas: History of the City of Bruck / Mur

References and comments

1. ↑ Statistics Austria - Population at the beginning of 2002–2020 by municipalities (area status 01/01/2020)
2. ^ Announcement of the Styrian state government of November 28, 2013 on the unification of the municipality of Bruck an der Mur and the market municipality of Oberaich, both political district of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag. Styrian Provincial Law Gazette of December 12, 2013. No. 164, 36th issue. ZDB ID 705127-x . Pp. 692-693.
3. ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
4. ↑ cadastral communities Styria. 2015 (Excel file, 128 kB); Retrieved July 29, 2015
5. ↑ kleinezeitung.at - aim: merging with Kapfenberg and Leoben
6. ↑ diepresse.com - New mayor of Bruck aims for Upper Styrian region
7. ↑ Werner Strahalm: 1987, p. 9
8. ↑ Ferdinand Tremel 1955, p. 78.
9. ↑ Richard Antauer 1951, p. 20.
10. ↑ "Inscription: CIL 3, 05460 , I (ovii) O (ptimus) M (aximo) DELULSORI C (aius) IVLIVS PROBVS M (iles) L (egiones) XG (em) SEV (erianae) V (otum) S ( olvis) L (ibens) L (aetus) M (erito) MAXIMO II (et) AGRICOLAE (c) O (n) S (ulibus)
    Translation after S. Riedelsperger: Jupiter the best and greatest defender of danger, Caius Julius Probus, Soldier of the Legio X Severiana, gladly, joyfully and rightly honored his vows, (happened) when Maximus secundus and Agricola were consuls. Weber: Insr. 11; Illpron 1310; Pochmarski, Sch.v.St. 20, 2007, 271 No. 15
11. ↑ CIL 3, 05463 ; Weber, inscr. No. 15; Illpron 1330; CSIR Flavia Solva (portrait medallions and portrait niches) 2011, no.76
12. ↑ CIL 3, 05464 and CIL 3, 05462 ; Weber, inscr. No. 13; Illpron 1329 and No. 14; Illpron 1328; Wedenig, epigraph. Sources on municipal administration in Noricum 1997, 240 no. T 7
13. ↑ Werner Strahalm: 1987, pp. 10-11
14. ^ Heinrich Gottfried Gengler: Regesta and documents on the constitutional and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages , Erlangen 1863, pp. 408–411 .
15. ↑ Brenner, Martin. Retrieved September 6, 2017 . 
16. ↑ ^{a b c} Renovation of the Holy Spirit Chapel, Bruck an der Mur. bruckmur.at, accessed on June 10, 2020 . 
17. ↑ ^{a b} Ulf Tomaschek: Festival for Philipp Harnoncourt and the Holy Spirit Chapel . In: Kleine Zeitung , June 6, 2020, p. 16.
18. ↑ ^{a b} Bruck mourns Philipp Harnoncourt. bruckmur.at, June 2020, accessed on June 10, 2020 . 
19. ^ Festschrift "150 Years of the Federal Gendarmerie in the Bruck an der Mur District". Ed. Hans Schranz: Association to promote the event "150 Years of the Federal Gendarmerie in the Bruck an der Mur District", Bruck / Mur 2000.
20. ↑ Verkehrsserver Land Steiermark, accessed on September 5, 2013 ( Memento from November 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
21. ↑ Büchereiverband Österreichs bvoe.at Accessed on February 10, 2014.
22. ^ City of Bruck an der Mur: Mayor chronicle ( Memento from June 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
23. ↑ The city arms , accessed on February 19, 2016
24. ↑ 27. Announcement of the Styrian state government of February 11, 2016 on the granting of the right to use a municipal coat of arms to the municipality of Bruck an der Mur (political district of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag) , accessed on February 19, 2016
25. ↑ Entry on Bruck an der Mur on the Kommunalflaggen.eu page
26. ↑ Obituaries of Philipp Harnoncourt. kleinezeitung.at, June 10, 2020, accessed on June 10, 2020 . 
27. ↑ ^{a b} HoLiBru.eu