Vratěnín

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Vratěnín
Coat of arms of ????
Vratěnín (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 1475 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 54 '  N , 15 ° 36'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 54 '13 "  N , 15 ° 35' 50"  E
Height: 468  m nm
Residents : 307 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 08
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Martin Kincl (as of 2014)
Address: Vratěnín 88
671 08 Vratěnín
Municipality number: 595110
Website : www.vratsin.cz

Vratěnín (German Fratting ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo District), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia Region) in the Czech Republic . It is located on the Austrian border in South Moravia. South of the village is the border crossing Vratěnín / Drosendorf . The village itself is laid out as a longitudinal tangler village.

Neighboring communities

Rancířov ( Ranzern ) Lubnice ( Hafnerluden ) Mešovice ( Nespitz ) Korolupy ( Kurlupp ) Uherčice ( Ungarschitz )
Schaditz Neighboring communities Podhradí nad Dyjí ( Free Stone )
Rabesreith Luden Drosendorf-Zissersdorf Stálky

history

The parish church from 1773
Municipal Office - Post Office, in 1723 the station was elevated to a main post office.
In place of the old Frattingen castle, barefoot monks built a monastery with a church and Loreto chapel in 1696. In 1784 the monastery was closed. The church burned down in 1821.

The layout of the place and the Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. Fratting was first mentioned in a document in 1251 when Wichard von Tyrna gave the ›ecclesia Wratingen‹ to the Geras Abbey , to which the parish remained until after the Second World War. In 1325 the place was given city rights by Johann von Luxemburg . Vladislav II renewed the old privileges in 1498 and expanded them to include a fair .

In 1560 Fratting came into the possession of Wenzels Kraiger von Kraigk . From 1561, Fratting received permission to conclude marriage contracts and to settle disputes among the subjects by means of a separate court. In the place through which the Poststrasse ran from Vienna to Prague, there was an enclosure with a hostel for travelers. In 1723 this station was elevated to a main post office. The new Kaiserstraße from Vienna to Prague, which was laid out at the time of Maria Theresa , no longer ran via Fratting, but passed far north. As a result, the post office lost its importance, which also had a negative effect on the town. The Augustinian hermit monastery was closed in 1784 by Emperor Josef II . In 1821 the church burned down completely. Until the 19th century, Fratting was also known as a place of pilgrimage for its Loreto altar .

In 1904 a project for an electric railway from Znojmo via Fratting to Raabs an der Thaya was created , but this was delayed because of the plans for a dam on the Thaya and was finally no longer realized due to the outbreak of World War I and the subsequent establishment of Czechoslovakia . At this time the annual markets always took place on Fabian, on the Tuesday after the Annunciation, on the Monday after Margarethe, on the Tuesday after Aegidius and on the Tuesday after Katharina. There was also a weekly market every Wednesday.

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . Fratting, whose inhabitants were 99% German Moravia in 1910, became part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia like all of Moravia . Between the 1910 and 1930 censuses, the local share of the Czech population rose from 0.6% to 24%. In the Munich Agreement with the Western Powers , the German Reich obtained the cession of the German-speaking peripheral areas without Czechoslovak participation. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Fratting became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 22 victims from the place, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. On June 9, 1945, Fratting was occupied by non-resident Czechs at the same time as the surrounding towns. They took men hostage and then drove the local population and finally the hostages, up to four people, across the border into Austria. Four civilians were executed on June 10th. 200 of the local residents in Austria were transferred to Germany in March 1946 in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Protocol .

Coat of arms and seal

Fratting has had its own seal since 1646 . It showed a baroque shield with the initials "F" (= Fratting) in the middle, the name of the market town in the upper circle and three rose blossoms in the seal field.

Population development

Parish registers (parish registers) have been kept since 1655. Online search via the Brno State Archives.

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 552 521 1 1
1890 536 530 6th -
1900 528 521 7th -
1910 487 484 3 -
1921 528 398 103 27
1930 529 375 127 27

Attractions

  • The baroque parish church of James the Elder was built in 1773. It has three altars and four bells hang in the tower. The ceiling frescoes and the three altar leaves from 1770 are by Anton Franz Zeller. There is also an organ in the chapel, an organ gallery and a baptismal font from the construction period, as well as a Roland column, the “Prangerhansl” from 1595. Various offenses were punished at the pillory.
  • former envelope on the old post road Prague - Vienna, today used as an inn and municipal office
  • several baroque statues
  • Marterl column on the road to Rancířov
  • Market column with figure of a knight (1595)
  • Ruins of the Augustinian monastery (destroyed by fire in 1821)
  • Early Renaissance castle
  • Post office (already in the 16th century, 1732 main post office)

Say from the place

  • On certain evenings during Advent, people heard a wailing voice from the forest that kept asking, "Where should I take him?" Nobody knew an answer to that and ran away immediately. One evening, however, a craftsperson heard the voice and shouted, "Go where you took him." Then the voice replied, "God bless you!" and disappeared forever. The ghost is said to have been a farmer who had moved a boundary stone during his lifetime and now had to wear this boundary stone as a punishment until a courageous person would give him an answer to his question.
  • A red-bearded giant once lived in a cave near the "desolate church" between Nondorf and Unter-Thürnau near Drosendorf. He was guarding an enchanted beautiful maiden. It was said that if a boy succeeds in redeeming the maiden, then she rides towards him on a large snail that carries a golden house and becomes his wife. One day a Frattinger journeyman blacksmith tried his luck with a large ax to free the maiden. But because the young man already had a love affair, he was no longer innocent, and so the giant killed him.

literature

  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and crafts in South Moravia , Fratting, s. 9, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Fratting, s. 61, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 328 f . (Fratting).
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The districts of Neubistritz and Zlabings from A to Z , Fratting, (2008), p.172f
  • History of the parish of Fratting (1801)
  • Wenzel Max (Ed.): Thayaland. Folk songs and dances from South Moravia. 2nd Edition. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1984.
  • B. Parízek: 450 years of the market town of Fratting , 1498–1948 (translation) (1990)
  • B. Parízek: 450 years of the market town of Fratting (extended translation) (1990)
  • Luise Thiel: Stories from Fratting in South Moravia

Web links

Commons : Vratěnín  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia ISBN 3-927498-09-2
  3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  4. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia , 1836, p.544
  5. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The districts of Neubistritz and Zlabings from A to Z , 2008, p.175
  6. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  7. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  8. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, Fratting p. 328, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
  9. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  10. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 328 (fratting).
  11. ↑ Codex Diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, pp. 111/174
  12. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  13. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
  14. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia , 1990, p.9
  15. ↑ South Moravian Yearbook, 1978, p. 164
  16. ↑ Franz Kießling: Frau Sage in the nö.Waldviertel, booklet 6, p. 52