World Economic Forum

World Economic Forum
legal form	Foundation, endowment
founding	1971
founder	Klaus Schwab
Seat	Cologny , Switzerland
precursor	1971–1987 European Management Forum from 1987 World Economic Forum
motto	Committed to improving the state of the world
Action space	worldwide
Employees	550 (2020)
Website	weforum.org

The World Economic Forum ( English World Economic Forum , shortly WEF ) is an in Cologny in the Swiss canton of Geneva -based foundation , which is primarily known for the same by it hosted the annual meeting name, which takes place annually in Davos in the canton of Grisons takes place. Here, internationally leading economic experts, politicians, scientists, social actors and journalists come together to discuss current global issues. In addition to economic and social policy, they include questions of health and environmental policy.

The forum was founded in 1971 by Klaus Schwab . It organizes other meetings around the world during the year, including the Annual Meeting of the New Champions in China . In addition to the events, the WEF regularly publishes research reports. Its members are active in industry-specific initiatives.

The 50th annual meeting in Davos took place from January 21 to 24, 2020.

organization

Klaus Schwab , founder and president of the World Economic Forum

WEF headquarters in Cologny near Geneva

The World Economic Forum was founded in 1971 as a non-profit foundation and has officially had the status of an international organization since 2015. It is impartial and not tied to any political or national interests. The WEF has observer status at the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations and is under the external supervision of the Federal Department of Home Affairs . Its highest internal supervisory body is the foundation board. Members and directors result from the entry in the commercial register of the canton of Geneva . The forum's mission is to «improve the state of the world » ( committed to improving the state of the world ).

The headquarters of the World Economic Forum is in Cologny in the Swiss canton of Geneva . There are also offices in Beijing (China), New York , (USA ) and Tokyo ( Japan ). In 2016 the forum opened the “Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution” in San Francisco (USA).

Membership, funding, government involvement

The forum is financed by its around 1000 member companies.

The typical member firm is a global company with over $ 5 billion in sales, although this may vary by industry and region. In addition, most of these companies are among the most important companies in their sector and / or their country and play an important role in shaping the future of their sector and / or region. Since 2005, every member company has paid a basic annual membership fee of 42,500 Swiss Francs ( CHF) and a fee of 18,000 CHF for the participation of its President at the annual meeting in Davos. Industrial and strategic partners pay CHF 250,000 and CHF 500,000 respectively to play a key role in the forum's initiatives.

Switzerland contributes to the costs of the event with expenses for police and military operations. Almost eleven million francs (9.5 million euros) were estimated for the meeting in 2019. The foundation contributes a quarter to the police costs of nine million francs - primarily for personal protection. The major part is accounted for by the public sector , divided between the federal government, the canton of Graubünden and the municipality of Davos. The army protects the traffic routes and buildings and monitors the airspace. Up to 5000 members of the armed forces can be deployed. The costs are budgeted for in the regular defense budget. A large number of conscripts are used in their annual military service. This incurs costs of 32 million francs, which would be incurred for the exercises anyway, plus around four million francs for material and vehicles. The federal government bears these costs.

The state benefits from the event by increasing its reputation, generating sales and tax revenue. For example, the World Economic Forum generated sales of around 94 million francs across Switzerland in 2017. According to a study by the University of St. Gallen, the tax effects for the municipality, the canton and the federal government combined amounted to between 9.3 and 10.5 million francs. Because the foundation as an organizer enjoys tax advantages due to its non-profit status and it accounts for more than half of the sales, Switzerland only generates part of the tax revenue.

Security measures and their costs

There are some restrictions in Davos during the WEF. There are regular reports on the presence of the police and the Swiss army (around 5500 soldiers were deployed in 2005). On the Austrian side of the border , the airspace security for the meeting as part of Operation Daedalus of the Austrian Armed Forces is guaranteed.

Ensuring the security of the forum costs Switzerland several million francs a year. The costs of the security measures, which are borne jointly by the forum and the Swiss cantonal and federal authorities, are also frequently criticized in Switzerland and the Swiss media and are also the subject of political disputes.

activities

Annual meeting in Davos

The central event of the forum is the meeting of the more than 1000 member companies as well as politicians and representatives from science , non-governmental organizations , religion and the media every year in January or February in Davos.

Guests can attend around 220 sessions of the official program during the five-day event. The discussions of the official program deal with important issues of global importance (e.g. international trade barriers , conflicts , poverty and environmental problems ) and possible solutions.

The Ettinger Sport shop during the WEF 2018 as "Caspian week"

In addition, there are many informal meetings, as well as receptions and presentations by companies and states. Davos shops are rented by companies or states during the meeting in order to hold events there.

Incidentally, taking approximately 500 Internet - Print - Radio - and TV - journalists at the annual meeting. Media representatives have access to all events of the official program, which are also broadcast live as webcasts .

36th annual meeting 2006

At the 36th annual meeting from January 25th to 29th, the topic was “The creative imperative ”.

38th annual meeting 2008

British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Queen Rania of Jordan at the 2008 annual meeting in Davos

Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda at the 2008 meeting

The 38th annual meeting took place from January 23rd to 27th, 2008 and had the motto "The Power of Collaborative Innovation" (the power of mutual renewal). Immediately before the opening of the annual meeting in Davos, there were massive price losses on the international stock exchanges. The US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice gave the opening speech of the meeting . In her speech, Rice campaigned for confidence in the American economy and pointed to favorable growth prospects. British Prime Minister Gordon Brown warned of a new protectionism in connection with the credit crisis, but called for reforms at the United Nations and the World Bank . An economic stimulus package announced shortly before by US President George W. Bush was criticized by experts as inadequate at the meeting. The American economist and Nobel Prize winner Joseph E. Stiglitz , for example, questioned its effectiveness and proposed bankruptcy law for homeowners in the United States . Stiglitz also called for interest rate cuts from the European Central Bank .

Particular attention was paid to the US economist Nouriel Roubini , who at the 2007 annual meeting correctly predicted an economic downturn for the US. In view of the ineffective rate cut by the US Federal Reserve, Roubini expressed himself pessimistic about the further course of the crisis and forecast a “severe recession”. The scientist predicted a “hard landing” for the US economy and saw no way for the European economic area to escape the crisis. Roubine received support from Stephen Roach, an economist at the US investment bank Morgan Stanley .

At the meeting, Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda presented the program of his current G8 presidency, which focused on climate protection and the promotion of Africa . One focus of the annual meeting was the area of social media . Guests included Jimmy Wales , founder of Wikipedia , Mark Zuckerberg , founder of Facebook , Caterina Fake, co-inventor of Flickr , and Chad Hurley of YouTube .

The meeting drew around 2,500 participants, including the CEOs of 74 of the world's 100 largest companies.

39th annual meeting 2009

Vladimir Putin , Russian Prime Minister, at the 39th annual meeting in Davos in 2009

The 39th annual meeting took place from January 28 to February 1, 2009 and had the motto “Shaping the Post-Crisis World”. With more than 40 heads of state and government, significantly more top politicians took part in the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin gave the opening speech at the meeting. In his speech, Putin warned against protectionism and too many state interventions in the existing economic and financial crisis. The Russian Prime Minister referred to the Soviet Union as an example of state overregulation. Putin warned against the dependence on the dollar as the only global reserve currency and described it as a "danger to the world economy". The Russian Prime Minister recommended that all bad financial assets be disclosed and written off on the banks' balance sheets. According to Putin, this is a painful process, but it is preventing the crisis from extending. Against the background of a Russian-Ukrainian dispute over gas supplies , Putin spoke out in favor of a new international legal framework for energy supplies.

In his speech, Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao stated that China is aiming for economic growth of eight percent in 2009. The Chinese prime minister blamed the United States for the crisis without naming it. Rather, who spoke of the “unsuitable macroeconomic policies of some economies” that had led to a disproportion between consumption and saving. Wen described the consequences of the crisis on his own country. These included significantly lower foreign demand, overcapacities in some sectors of the economy, deteriorating business conditions, rising unemployment in urban areas and depressed economic growth. Nevertheless, the prime minister was convinced that his country would find a way out of the crisis and also give the world economy important impetus.

Wen's Japanese counterpart Tarō Asō emphasized the importance of the Asian economic area for the global economy and in overcoming the economic and financial crisis. In his speech, the prime minister announced an aid package from his country worth $ 17 billion to help Asian states overcome the economic crisis. The funds are intended for investments in infrastructure and for promoting trade. Asō also warned against protectionism, as did British Prime Minister Gordon Brown .

At the meeting, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel called for the creation of a “Charter of Sustainable Management” and the establishment of a World Economic Council at the United Nations.

The French finance minister Christine Lagarde warned of social unrest in Europe as long as the global economic crisis is not successfully combated. The governments called on the minister to inform their citizens clearly and unequivocally about future measures. Lagarde identified protectionism and social unrest as the greatest risks of the crisis. She stressed that lost trust must be restored. At the same time, the French finance minister described a certain degree of protectionism as a "necessary evil". Lagarde sharply criticized the decision of the American governments under George W. Bush not to save the American financial institution Lehman Brothers from bankruptcy by means of a rescue operation . This contradicted an agreement by the finance ministers to support systemically important financial institutions.

When the Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan left the podium in protest, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Israeli President Shimon Peres also took part in a discussion on the situation in the Gaza Strip .

The President of the European Central Bank Jean-Claude Trichet said that the euro was not threatened by the financial crisis. The President of the European Commission , José Manuel Barroso , described the euro as a “protective shield for the countries that belong to it” and described it as an “anchor for stability”. The new US administration was represented by Valerie Jarrett . A total of around 2200 participants took part in the 2009 WEF.

40th annual meeting 2010

The Spanish Prime Minister José Zapatero at the 2010 annual meeting

The 40th annual meeting of the World Economic Forum took place from January 27 to 31, 2010 and had the motto "Improve the State of the World: Rethink, Redesign, Rebuild" (Improve the state of the world: Rethink, redesign, create anew ). In his opening speech, French President Nicolas Sarkozy spoke out in favor of a fundamental reform of the financial and monetary system. Sarkozy called for a new Bretton Woods agreement and spoke of a globalization crisis. The French president denounced the self-service mentality of bankers as well as unfair trading practices of emerging countries like China . In connection with globalization, Sarkozy pleaded for the implementation of a “moral dimension”. After US President Obama announced at the WEF that the American banking sector would be regulated, this was also the subject of the annual meeting in Davos. Bank managers present warned against too far-reaching regulation of the financial sector.

Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper at the 2010 annual meeting

Such was Peter Sands , chief executive of the British Standard Chartered Bank , in the case of over-regulation, the risk of lost growth ahead. Josef Ackermann , head of Deutsche Bank , warned of a loss of efficiency in the capital markets. At the same time, he called for an end to bank scolding and blame, but also warned his industry: “Banks must be more proactive and show that they are ready to help. Because in the end we don't work for ourselves and not just for the economy, but we work for the benefit of people around the world. " Ackermann again brought his idea of ​​a joint fund financed by European states and banks to rescue or liquidate endangered banks into the discussion. Ackermann co-chaired the meeting alongside Melinda Gates . In connection with Barack Obama's plan to split the big banks into investment banks and banks with deposit and credit business, Axel Weber, President of the Bundesbank , referred to the positive experiences that Europe had made with the universal banking system . Jean-Claude Trichet , President of the European Central Bank , supported Obama's plans, in particular the planned limitation of proprietary trading and the size of the institute. The Chinese Vice Prime Minister Li Keqiang also called for reforms in international financial institutions and markets as well as international coordination of state support measures.

41st annual meeting 2011

Russian President Dmitri Medvedev (right) with WEF founder Klaus Schwab during the 41st annual meeting

The 41st annual meeting of the World Economic Forum took place from January 26th to 30th, 2011 and had the motto “Shared Norms for the New Reality”. The meeting, which was attended by 2,500 participants, was opened by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev . In his opening speech, Medvedev described the overthrow of Tunisian head of state Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali as a "lesson". Rising inequality leads to growing social tensions, declared the Russian president and warned: "What has happened is, I believe, a serious lesson for all officials in all countries." Medvedev pledged support for complete freedom of the Internet and declared: "Russia will not support any initiatives to curtail Internet freedom."

42nd annual meeting 2012

Chancellor Angela Merkel at the Forum 2012

The 42nd annual meeting took place from January 25 to 29, 2012 and had the motto “The Great Transformation: Shaping New Models”. The meeting had 2,600 participants, which, according to the organizers, was a record. The participants included 40 heads of state and government, including the German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who gave the opening speech. In her speech, Merkel warned against overburdening Germany in connection with the measures to overcome the debt crisis. Federal Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble criticized the Greek government during the meeting and accused it of insufficient austerity efforts. During a panel discussion, the finance minister also protested against an increase in the EFSF rescue fund called for by the French finance minister François Baroin . At the same time, Schäuble contradicted British Prime Minister Cameron, who had also called for an increase in guarantees the previous day and severely criticized the German Chancellor Merkel's crisis management. US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner also criticized the European steps to overcome the financial crisis as being too one-sidedly oriented towards austerity measures. Geithner called for a stronger focus on future economic growth, which is the prerequisite for overcoming the crisis.

43rd annual meeting 2013

Christine Lagarde , President of the IMF , at the 2013 annual meeting

The 43rd annual meeting took place from January 23 to 27, 2013. The motto of the meeting was "Resilient Dynamism". The meeting drew more than 2,500 participants, including over 1,500 high-level managers from 100 countries. Over 40 heads of state and government also came. In addition to the German Chancellor Angela Merkel, this also included British Prime Minister David Cameron and the Prime Ministers of Russia and Italy, Dmitri Medvedev and Mario Monti , who gave the opening speech. In it, the Italian prime minister clearly criticized the policies of his predecessor Silvio Berlusconi . Regarding the referendum announced by British Prime Minister Cameron shortly beforehand on his country's remaining in the EU, Monti said that he expected the British to agree, as the advantages of membership would clearly outweigh the disadvantages. “The EU doesn't need any Europeans who don't want to be Europeans,” continued Monti. During the meeting, Chancellor Merkel gave a speech calling for further measures within the EU to reduce unemployment and declared increasing competitiveness to be the central task in securing European prosperity in the future. At the meeting, British Prime Minister Cameron defended the announced referendum on whether his country would remain in the EU and reiterated his resistance to deeper political integration of the EU states. The President of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Christine Lagarde , announced an IMF forecast on economic development for 2013 during the annual meeting, which assumed a “fragile and fearful recovery” in the world economy. Lagarde also warned that the global economy had not yet overcome the crisis. Rather, the further economic recovery is dependent on a consistent continuation of the previous stability policy, explained the IMF boss. The American investor George Soros criticized Germany's austerity policy and warned of a currency war. Soros advocated further monetary policy easing. Axel A. Weber , Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Swiss bank UBS and former President of the Deutsche Bundesbank , advocated uniform global regulation of the banking sector and urged the banks to set ethically acceptable standards for manager salaries and bonuses.

44th annual meeting 2014

Entrance WEF 2014

The 44th annual meeting took place from January 22nd to 25th, 2014 and had the motto "The Reshaping of the World: Consequences for Politics, Business and Society" (Eng. The reshaping of the world: Consequences for politics, economy and society ) .

The opening speech of the meeting was given by the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe . The prime minister presented his economic policy, known as Abenomics , with which the existing deflation in Japan should be overcome and the country should develop into the world's most business-friendly nation. The weakening of the yen tolerated by Abe as a result of the expansionary fiscal policy of deficit spending to boost Japanese exports was also described in Davos as an attack on the stability policy pursued by Germany . Abe spoke out against further military expansion in Asia and for transparency in defense spending in the region. His call for compliance with international law of the sea , expressed in connection with the conflict over the Senkaku Islands , was addressed to China , but Abe avoided mentioning it directly. Opposite journalists compared Abe, the relationship between Japan and China with that of Germany and the United Kingdom before the outbreak of the First World War . His visit to the Yasukuni Shrine at the end of 2013, which was criticized by China and other neighbors, wanted to be understood as an “anti-war gesture”.

US Secretary of State Kerry with Rwanda's President Kagame at the 2014 annual meeting

For the first time, the Vatican had sent a special envoy in Cardinal Peter Turkson to the World Economic Forum, who read a message from Pope Francis to the conference participants on the opening day . In it the Pope praised the successes of modern entrepreneurship and at the same time called for a fairer distribution of global prosperity. Francis recalled the "clear responsibility towards others, especially those who are the most fragile, weak and vulnerable" and condemned global hunger as "unacceptable".

Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff , who was present for the first time, described the positive situation in her country after a Bloomberg survey of investors in November 2013 revealed pessimistic expectations about the economic development of Brazil and negative assessments of Rousseff's economic policy. Rousseff referred to great social advances that would have led to an improvement in their economic situation for broad sections of the population. In the past ten years, more than four million new jobs were created in Brazil, while the average income has increased by seven percent. Rousseff described investments to improve the country's infrastructure as decisive for the past and future economic rise of Brazil. She cited the consolidation of public finances, the reduction of inflation and the stabilization of the Brazilian currency as important goals of her future policy . Rousseff promised to increase the competitiveness of Brazil and assured foreign investors that their country had a secure economic framework and that contracts that had been concluded would be honored. Rousseff named the reduction in annual inflation from 6 to 4.5 percent as a specific goal of her economic policy. According to her advisors, the main aim of Rousseff's speech was to win back the trust of investors. In addition to Rousseff, the Brazilian delegation also included its Finance Minister Guido Mantega and the presidents of the Brazilian Central Bank , Alexandre Tombini, and the Brazilian Development Bank , Luciano Coutinho.

Mary Callahan Erdoes , CEO of JPMorgan Chase , and Brian Moynihan , CEO of Bank of America , with CNBC's Joe Kernen at the 2014 meeting

The Iranian President Hassan Rohani took the first speech of a president of the Islamic Republic for ten years to proclaim his country's interest in better relations with the West. Rouhani solicited foreign investment for his country, especially the oil industry, for which he announced a new investment model. In an interview he had previously announced that the US embassy in Tehran would reopen as a signal of détente . Rouhani reaffirmed the "peaceful character" of the Iranian nuclear program . Iran does not intend to produce nuclear weapons, but wants to become one of the ten largest economies in the world within 30 years, the president continued. Inquiries from WEF founder Klaus Schwab at a later panel discussion on friendly relations with Israel, Rouhani rejected the offer.

In his speech, the British Prime Minister David Cameron called on the European states to increase the competitiveness of the continent. To achieve this, the economic environment must be liberalized and taxes reduced, the prime minister said. According to Cameron, the aim is to bring back as many of the jobs that have migrated from Europe in the past, especially from Asia and Eastern Europe. For his country he issued the requirement to become a «Reshore» nation. The prime minister reiterated his call for immigration to be restricted and his rejection of immigration to the welfare system. Immigration must be combined with "welfare and education," said Cameron.

On the final day of the meeting, EU Currency Commissioner Olli Rehn confirmed that the existential crisis of the euro had been overcome and that the currency was in a recovery phase. Earlier, Axel A. Weber , Chairman of the Swiss big bank UBS and by 2011 Bundesbank President , before re-tightening euro crisis warned of. Weber warned not to fall into euphoria due to a slight economic recovery in Europe and favorable forecasts for 2014. Weber named the strengthening of EU-critical parties in the European elections in May and the result of the ECB bank stress test in November as the threats for 2015 . Weber expressed himself skeptically about the economic situation of the EU countries, of which only Germany had already reached the pre-crisis level, while in many southern European countries the economic situation for large parts of the population was still tense. He also assessed the crisis management situation in Europe and the United States differently: "The United States is back, Europe is not."

45th annual meeting 2015

Sheryl Sandberg , chief operating officer of Facebook , with participants at the Annual Meeting 2015

The 45th meeting was held from 21 to 24 January 2015 instead and was titled The New Global Context ( The new global context ). Four key topics were discussed: Crisis & Cooperation ( crisis and cooperation ), Growth & Stability ( growth and stability ), Innovation & Industry ( renewal and industry ) and Society & Security ( society and security ).

Over 2,500 people from 140 countries took part. A calculation showed that when the participants arrived by airplanes, including around 200 private jets, around 1400 tons of the greenhouse gas CO _{2 were} emitted.

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang gave the official opening address of the meeting. In his address, the prime minister tried to dispel fears that China's economic growth could slow down in the future after its country's economic growth fell to its lowest level since 1990 in 2014. Li predicted growth in the Chinese economy of seven percent for 2015 and described this as the “new normal”, in which growth rates were lower but more stable. At the same time, the Chinese premier solicited international investors in Davos and announced reforms in property rights, legal standards and market access restrictions for his country. Li also mentioned a gradual release of the yuan and the promotion of private entrepreneurship among the Chinese population in order to stimulate domestic demand.

Play media file

Davos 2015 - The Future of the Digital Economy

The six co-chairs of the meeting included Eric Schmidt , Executive Chairman of Google, and Jim Yong Kim , President of the World Bank .

In his speech, French President Hollande praised the ECB's program to buy up government bonds and described it as a call to be bolder in future reforms within the EU in order to remove obstacles to growth and employment. At the same time, Hollande described increasing economic growth within the EU as a priority and stated that the ECB program would facilitate financing for European companies and improve the economic framework.

The attack on Charlie Hebdo on January 7, 2015 not only attacked France, but the foundations of every free society, said the French President. Hollande urged business to get involved in the war on terror and highlighted the responsibility of internet companies and banks to divorce terrorism from its resources. In this context, he called for the monitoring of corporate networks and the Internet to be expanded. Hollande warned the entrepreneurs present: "Do not support a beast today that can attack you." At the same time, the President spoke out in favor of increased international engagement in Syria and announced an expansion of military and humanitarian missions for his country.

In her speech, the German Chancellor Merkel emphasized the independence of the ECB in her decision in favor of the buy-out program and at the same time called on politicians to set growth impulses through “reasonable framework conditions”. Merkel warned that the flood of liquidity could obscure the real economic situation of individual countries. Countries that could not solve their budget problems even in the persistent phase of low interest rates, she predicted problems in the event of a normalization of the interest rate level and named the lifting of the euro peg of the Swiss franc as an example of normalization. Regarding the euro crisis , the Chancellor said: «We have some control over it, but it has not been overcome. Europe has not yet regained sufficient trust and competitiveness. " For Germany she announced a continuation of the austerity and reform course. Merkel explicitly praised the reform progress in Italy . She also promoted the planned TTIP free trade agreement with the USA and declared that she wanted to make a “big plea” for free trade agreements. Merkel called the agreements a "unique opportunity" to increase growth opportunities by dismantling transatlantic trade barriers and to enforce European standards for environmental and consumer protection. Merkel announced that Europe would catch up with digitization.

In his speech at the annual meeting, the American Secretary of State Kerry called on those present to unite: "We have to show terrorism that the more people try to separate us, the stronger we become." At the same time, one must learn to understand the factors that led people to terrorism, Kerry said. The Foreign Minister continued to emphasize the difference between understanding and acceptance and stated that there was no reason to justify terror. In an emotional speech, Kerry described personal impressions of atrocities by IS that he had received during visits to affected areas. “Defeating IS” is a central challenge, the Foreign Minister added, who expressly praised the international measures and agreements to combat the terrorist group. He described the approach of the Nigerian terrorist group Boko Haram to conquer and hold entire areas as a new phenomenon. Kerry called on the international community to make more resources available for combating terrorism. The US Secretary of State warned against placing Muslims under general suspicion: “The greatest mistake would be to accuse Muslims collectively. Violent extremism is spreading in all parts of the world and in all religions. " The US Secretary of State called for companies and corporations to give more support in the political fight against terrorism. Youth unemployment must be reduced and opportunities for vocational training improved in order to remove the breeding ground for terrorism. For that you need the private sector, Kerry continues.

In the run-up to the meeting, it was reported from Russia that President Putin and Prime Minister Medvedev would not travel to Davos in 2015. Instead, the Russian government members Igor Shuvalov (first Vice Prime Minister since 2008) and Arkady Dvorkovich (one of the Vice Prime Ministers since May 2012) took part in the meeting. During a panel discussion, Shuvalov stated that sanctions against Russia would be ineffective. They are trying to corner Russia and patronize it. Shuvalov added that his country would not give in to this. His suggestion that western freedoms in Russia had inevitably led to chaos since the time of the Tsar under Catherine the Great , which was also confirmed after glasnost and perestroika under Gorbachev , was also contradicted by Russian participants. The former Russian finance minister Kudrin called Gorbachev's reforms necessary because the Soviet leadership had previously run down the country through incompetence. The cause of the Russian problems is not an excess of freedom, but rather underdeveloped institutions, said Kudrin. Shuvalov admitted that the situation in his country was "very difficult" and at the same time contradicted rumors that his government would end the independence of the Russian central bank or introduce currency controls. He predicted a further intensification of economic cooperation with China .

The Ukrainian President Poroshenko shortened his attendance to just the first day due to the resurgence of the military conflict in eastern Ukraine (" Donbass "). In a speech, Poroshenko compared the Russian approach to terrorist attacks by Islamist bombers and demanded solidarity from the European states. He declared that Ukraine was “completely European” and that it was fighting “for European unity and for European values”. Russia had entered Ukraine as an aggressor with more than 9,000 soldiers and 500 tanks, Poroshenko continued. During his speech, the Ukrainian President held out a sheet of metal that had been shot and said it came from a passenger bus that had come under Russian rocket fire. According to Poroshenko, a large majority of the Ukrainian population is in favor of their country's integration with the West and more than 50 percent of joining NATO . In support of his country, the president asked the international community for loans. After a meeting with Poroshenko, IMF boss Lagarde pledged her support.

Google chairman Eric Schmidt provoked a high response with his prognosis for the “disappearance of the Internet”. At a panel discussion, in which Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella , Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg , Yahoo CEO Marissa Meyer and Vodafone CEO Vittorio Colao also took part, Schmidt explained that the Internet would be so integrated into everyday life that it would be in the future will no longer be noticeable as such. According to Schmidt, the "border between being online and being offline" will disappear.

The independent non-governmental - development - and civil protection assistance organization Oxfam pointed at the conference on the increasing divergence of income ( " income gap ") and wealth distribution within the world's population ( "2016 has 1 percent of the world more than all the rest") and on the extensive lobbying work of the wealthy and their institutions with massive investment of money. Winnie Byanyima , Acting General Manager of Oxfam International, also attended the meeting as co-chair. After a discussion on the subject, the majority of those present predicted that inequality would continue to increase in the industrialized countries as well.

The American investor and dollar multi- billionaire George Soros criticized towards the end of the event, that on 22 January by the European Central Bank (ECB) announced " Expanded asset purchase programs " ( expanded program for the purchase of assets ) for the purchase of European government bonds will intensify the global divide between rich and poor, give massive support to shareholders , and keep wages under pressure.

The meeting ended with deliberations on crisis management and the search for ways to reduce increasing global poverty and further economic growth .

46th annual meeting 2016

British Prime Minister David Cameron and Argentine President Mauricio Macri during the 2016 annual meeting

The 46th annual meeting was held from 20 to 23 January 2016 instead and was titled Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution ( The Fourth Industrial Revolution master ). 2,795 participants were invited to the meeting, including more than 90 ministers and over 40 heads of state and government. For the first time in twelve years, Joe Biden was the first US Vice President to attend the meeting. The US government also represented Secretary of State John Kerry , Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter , Minister of Justice Loretta Lynch and Minister of Health Sylvia Mathews Burwell in Davos. British Prime Minister David Cameron also attended the meeting.

In autumn 2015, the World Economic Forum invited North Korea to its annual meeting, so that Pyongyang had registered a delegation for Davos for the first time in 18 years. The delegation was to be headed by the North Korean Foreign Minister Ri Su-yong, who had previously been ambassador to Switzerland and representative to the United Nations in Geneva for his country . In connection with a North Korean nuclear weapon test at the beginning of January 2016, the World Economic Forum withdrew its invitation because, according to the words of the WEF board member Rösler, it was no longer appropriate. The unloading was sharply criticized by the North Korean leadership.

Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble and Federal President Joachim Gauck came from Germany to give the opening speech. The topic of his speech was the refugee crisis in Europe . Gauck spoke out in favor of an open debate about Germany's absorption capacity and stated that a strategy for limiting could be “morally and politically even necessary in order to maintain the state's ability to act” or “to secure support for a humane reception of refugees”. It is therefore “not unethical per se,” Gauck continued. At the same time, he described the admission of refugees as a humanitarian imperative that should not be refused for reasons of cost. The Federal President also called for an open discussion on the problems related to migration and integration, so as not to leave the field to “populists and xenophobes”. He criticized the lack of solidarity in the EU , and especially in Eastern Europe. "But I find it difficult to understand when countries, of all places, withdraw their solidarity from persecuted people whose citizens, as politically persecuted people, once experienced solidarity", criticized Gauck.

The German Finance Minister Schäuble debated in Davos with the Prime Ministers Mark Rutte , Netherlands and Alexis Tsipras , Greece , as well as the French Prime Minister Manuel Valls on the “future of Europe”. Schäuble called for a new European Marshall Plan , the money of which should not flow to Europe, but to supply refugees in the neighboring states of Syria and to rebuild the parts of the country destroyed by the civil war. He announced that many billions would be invested outside of Europe "to reduce pressure on the external borders". The finance minister declared the drowning of refugees at the European external borders a "disgrace for our European culture and civilization." He called the trouble spots in the Middle East and Africa a European problem: "What goes wrong there doesn't end up in the USA or Australia, it ends up in Europe." Because fixed European keys to the distribution of refugees had previously failed, Schäuble spoke out in favor of a "coalition of the willing" when it came to the supply of refugees. Regarding the cost of the refugee crisis, he said that it would cost Europe much more than previously thought. In Davos, Schäuble repeated his proposal to introduce a petrol tax to finance the refugee crisis. The Greek Prime Minister Tsipras spoke out against closing off Europe's external borders. His Dutch colleague Rutte said that the next six to eight weeks were crucial for reducing immigration.

US Secretary of State John Kerry during the 2016 annual meeting

With regard to the complaints made by Tsipras during the discussion about the severity of the conditions for the third aid package, the Federal Minister of Finance stated that the agreements made would have to be implemented. Schäuble reaffirms his demand by modifying an election campaign motto of former US President Bill Clinton : "It's the implementation, stupid!" A spokeswoman for Schäuble shortly afterwards rejected allegations that he had insulted the Greek Prime Minister with this statement. Some economic statements by Tsipras led to confusion among participants in Davos and to increasing yields on Greek government bonds on the international financial markets.

The US investor George Soros warned of a breakup in Europe in connection with the refugee crisis. If the EU fails to agree on a common asylum policy, the conflict will explode the Union, Soros predicted in Davos. The investor compared Europe to a "cinema without emergency exits in which a fire has broken out." He described the situation in Greece as a permanent problem, for which there was no solution and which had to be "muddled through". Soros described the economic situation in Asia as problematic and went on to say that there is a high probability that China will experience a severe economic slump. This concern about the future economic development of China was shared by many in Davos. The representatives of Chinese companies present, including Jiang Jianqing , Chairman of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China , and Jack Ma , the founder and CEO of the Alibaba Group , spoke out in favor of a more differentiated assessment of the economic situation. Many conference participants in Davos expressed concern about the unintended economic consequences of the anti-corruption campaign by Chinese President Xi Jinping , which shook the financial markets. IMF Director Christine Lagarde criticized the communication behavior of the Chinese leadership in this context. "It leads to uncertainty when the markets do not know what politics are doing and how it is to be assessed," said Lagarde at the annual meeting. At the same time she called for more patience. Regarding the refugee crisis, the IMF boss said that it would lead to more economic growth. For Europe as a whole, Lagarde named a plus of 0.2 percent and for Germany a plus of 0.5 percent. At the same time, she warned of the economic consequences in the event that the Schengen Agreement fails. Lagarde announced her candidacy for a further term in Davos.

In connection with the fourth industrial revolution, US Vice President Biden called on the governments in Davos to concentrate on the core tasks of the state in order to be able to meet the challenges of further digitization of society. Biden warned of job losses in connection with digitization. Above all, he emphasized the risks for the social middle class, which he described as the "fabric that holds society together". In this context, he called for the digitization profits to be distributed more fairly through progressive tax laws in order to strengthen medium-sized companies and prevent a division in society. Biden described the growing inequality between rich and poor as an obstacle to growth and a breeding ground for radicalization. The Vice-President reiterated the importance of education and infrastructure in creating new jobs. In line with his ties to the middle class, Biden described himself in Davos as a “middle class Joe”. The founder and president of the World Economic Forum Schwab also warned of the dangers of a further merging of the physical and digital world and explained about digitization: In its most pessimistic form, it has the potential to turn humanity into robots and steal our souls " To prevent this, Schwab asked the participants to be more willing to actively shape the ongoing change processes.

In connection with the motto of the World Economic Forum, the fourth industrial revolution , topics related to artificial intelligence and its economic possibilities were discussed. Ulrich Spiesshofer , head of the Swiss group ABB , Vishal Sikka, head of the Indian IT service provider Infosys , and Günther Oettinger , commissioner for digital economy and society , emphasized the opportunities of intelligent robots and self-learning software programs. The representatives of the economy combined the topic of artificial intelligence with great predictions of progress and growth. RWE boss Peter Terium called for uniform European data protection rules that do not restrict companies too much.

47th annual meeting 2017

U.S. Vice President Joe Biden during the 2017 annual meeting

The 47th annual meeting took place from January 17th to 20th, 2017 and had the motto Responsive and Responsible Leadership ( adaptable and responsible leadership ). Over 3000 visitors from over 100 countries attended the meeting, including more than 40 heads of state and government .

With Xi Jinping , a Chinese president took part in the annual meeting for the first time. Xi also gave the opening speech. Other guests were US Vice President Joe Biden and US Secretary of State John Kerry , whose term of office officially ended with the inauguration of the new President Donald Trump on January 20, 2017, the last day of the annual meeting. A representative of the new US administration was Anthony Scaramucci, a former hedge fund manager. Of the heads of government of the G7 countries, only the British Prime Minister Theresa May had traveled. She explained to the participants at the annual meeting her government's approach in connection with the previously announced “hard Brexit ”. Observers described the reactions to their lecture as almost impolite, as the participants were disappointed with their speech, which had already been given in the same wording. The Mayor of London , Sadiq Khan , warned in Davos of the consequences of a “hard Brexit”, as companies would not simply switch from London to the continent, but to “ Hong Kong , Singapore or anywhere else”.

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Opening speech by Chinese President Xi Jinping

Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble and Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen came from Germany to the annual meeting. International organizations were represented by the new UN Secretary General António Guterres , as well as the Director General of the International Monetary Fund Christine Lagarde and Jim Yong Kim , the Director General of the World Bank .

A central theme of the annual meeting was the election of Donald Trump as President of the USA. Chinese President Xi Jinping's speech was also related to the election of Trump, although he did not mention the name of the new American president. In his speech, Xi reiterated his country's support for globalization and free trade . At the same time he spoke out against protectionism and declared: "Protectionism is like locking yourself in a dark room". Xi immediately appealed to Trump: “Nobody will emerge victorious from a trade war . When we run into trouble, we shouldn't complain, blame others, or run away. Instead, we should go hand in hand and face the challenge ». Observers rated Xi's speech positively, but at the same time described China's serious deficits in opening up its own economy , in terms of human rights , censorship and environmental protection . Xi Jinping's statements were also interpreted as evidence of the country's strength in international comparison. Observers said the mood at the conference was dominated by concerns about a failure of the liberal order.

The Italian finance and economics minister Pier Carlo Padoan explained the turning of certain population groups towards populism , which can be observed in many European countries, through the disillusionment of many workers. These are disappointed by the poor protection provided by their social systems and the poor future prospects of their children, said Padoan, who also spoke of the fact that these people's rejection of the establishment “dominates the political landscape”. And while the challenges are obvious, Europe lacks visions of how these problems could be solved through credible policies. Larry Summers , the former chief economist of the World Bank, said that the main reason for people's dissatisfaction was not globalization or digitization, but a serious failure of politics. If politicians around the world had invested “only a tenth” of the energy that was used to protect the patents of large corporations in combating tax evasion, the world would be a better place to live today, Summers continues. And in such a world the middle class would be much easier to convince of politics. Christine Lagarde added that the International Monetary Fund warned of the consequences of growing inequality years ago, but that these warnings went unheeded. However, since only around 50% instead of the previous 60% could be counted in the middle class in the USA, low economic growth and inequality are elements of a “crisis of the middle class in the industrialized countries”.

Klaus Schwab , the founder and chairman of the WEF, demanded in his speech that “ capitalism should become more inclusive” and that global economic growth should benefit as large a number of people as possible. In this context, four thematic blocks were discussed: economic growth , «compensation mechanisms between the losers and the winners in a market economy », digitization and fairer markets.

48th annual meeting 2018

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US President Donald Trump at the 48th annual meeting

French President Emmanuel Macron

The 48th annual meeting took place from January 23 to 26, 2018. There were more than 3000 participants, including more than 70 heads of state and government, a new record. It was under the motto Creating a Shared Future in a Fractured World (“For a common future in a fragmented world”). The meeting focused on environmental problems (e.g. species extinction or extreme weather ) as well as cyberattacks , political crises and economic inequality . The founder of the WEF, Klaus Schwab, appealed in advance to heads of state and government in view of “the opportunity for economic recovery” to “take decisive action together against complex problems in all areas”.

According to the chairman of the conference, Schwab, one third of the more than 3000 participants came from developing and emerging countries.

Up to 5000 soldiers were deployed during the forum, 1100 of them from Austria . The airspace over Davos was closed within a radius of 50 kilometers. Guests and speakers were US President Donald Trump , France’s President Emmanuel Macron , Italy’s Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni , British Prime Minister Theresa May , and Spain’s King Felipe VI. , EU Commissioner Jean-Claude Juncker , the head of the International Monetary Fund Christine Lagarde , India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi , Alphabet -President Eric Schmidt , JPMorgan-Chase -CEO James Dimon , Alibaba -CEO Daniel Zhang, the actress Cate Blanchett and the musician Elton John .

According to the White House, the US President's delegation included Secretary of State Rex Tillerson , Minister of Commerce Wilbur Ross , Minister of Labor Alexander Acosta , Minister of Transport Elaine Chao , Minister of Energy Rick Perry and Minister of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen .

Other delegation members included Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer , Thomas Bossert, Assistant to the President for Security and Counter-Terrorism, Chief Advisor and Son -in-Law to President Jared Kushner, and Mark Andrew Green , Administrator of the US Agency for International Development. The delegation was led by Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin .

A central topic of the meeting was the participation of US President Donald Trump, who had been in office for a year and who had only accepted his invitation on January 9, 2018, just 14 days before the start of the event. Media speculated that the commitment was favored by Trump's separation from his former chief adviser Stephen Bannon , who had described the WEF as "the refuge of the cowardly global elite". There were also reports that Emmanuel Macron persuaded Donald Trump to participate in a phone call. Trump stated through his spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders that he wanted to advance his “America First” policy in Davos.

In Davos, Trump took part in the WEF for the first time. As a businessman, however, he had already visited the WEF in New York in 2002 , reported the German entrepreneur and WEF co-founder Ulrich L. Bettermann. Before Donald Trump, there was only one incumbent US president as a participant in the WEF, with Bill Clinton in 2000.

Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced the conclusion of a new free trade agreement for the Pacific region (excluding the US), and Swiss President Alain Berset warned against mistrust in multilateralism and free trade: fear is “no fuel for innovation”.

US President Donald Trump - even if he could be seen as a symbol of a “world of fragmentation” with nationalist and protectionist rhetoric - shortly before the WEF increased the US tariffs on washing machines and solar cells , the majority of which are produced in China and South Korea will.

In its report Reward Work, not Wealth , published every year before the WEF annual meeting , the development umbrella organization Oxfam warned of further increasing global inequality: 82 percent of the new wealth generated in 2017 went to the richest percent of the world population; this has more than the other 99 percent combined, while in 2002 this value was still 43 percent.

49th annual meeting 2019

Hilde Schwab presents the annual Crystal Award to Vik Muniz

The 49th annual meeting in Davos was opened on January 22, 2019 on the topic of Globalization 4.0: Shaping a Global Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Globalization 4.0: Designing a global architecture in the age of the fourth industrial revolution ). The meeting had 3000 participants from 110 countries and included 400 lectures and workshops. The number of guests was thus at the level of the previous year.

The focus of the event was the financial crisis , trade wars , economic inequality and climate change . Observers rated the chosen topic of globalization 4.0 as an attempt to discuss the transformation of society in the face of technological change. "The unprecedented speed of technological modernization means that our systems of health, communication, production, distribution and energy - to name just a few - are being completely redesigned," said Klaus Schwab , the founder of the WEF at the event. The concept of the fourth industrial revolution was first discussed in 2016 at the 2016 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum.

A few days before the annual meeting, the annual risk report of the World Economic Forum was published, which was taken as a discussion proposal for the event. Over 90 percent of those questioned expected economic disputes between important countries. “Polarization is on the rise in many countries. In some cases, the social contracts that hold societies together are fraying, ”said Børge Brende , WEF President.

The most prominent guests at the meeting included the German Chancellor Angela Merkel , the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe , the Chinese Vice President Wang Qishan , the Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro , the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Christine Lagarde and the Facebook Co-Managing Director (COO) ) Sheryl Sandberg .

The opening speech was given by Swiss President Ueli Maurer on Tuesday after a speech by WEF founder Klaus Schwab. In the afternoon, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, who has ruled since the beginning of 2019, gave his first official speech in Europe . Observers had been eagerly awaiting this performance because Bolsonaro had given contradicting political signals since he took office.

The participation of a US delegation with US President Trump was canceled due to the government shutdown and replaced by a speech by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo via live broadcast. He defended American foreign and trade policy and called disruption a positive development.

British Prime Minister Theresa May also canceled their participation because of the unresolved “ Brexit ” and French President Emmanuel Macron because of the conflict with the yellow vests movement . The Swiss Tages-Anzeiger critically questioned the lack of important European heads of state and the participation of autocrats such as İlham Əliyev ; the WEF, on the other hand, emphasized its openness as a space for dialogue, in which all participants are obliged to «also deal with the official issues».

In addition to Merkel, Germany was also represented by Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen . In his speech, UN Secretary General António Guterres addressed climate change as the most pressing problem and spoke out in favor of stronger multilateralism , which is the prerequisite for solving climate change as the most pressing problem. The British Prince William interviewed the naturalist David Attenborough , who stressed that it has become more difficult, the public's attention to the nature and issues of nature conservation to steer.

Observers rated the speech by US philanthropist and investor George Soros as one of the highlights of the event . Soros described China's President and Head of State Xi Jinping as the “most dangerous opponent of open societies” and accused him of wanting to build a surveillance state with artificial intelligence (AI) . His speech was discussed among many participants in Davos .

A new topic at this meeting was the so-called "crisis of confidence" in the technology industry caused by numerous data scandals such as Cambridge Analytica . "We are deep in a crisis of confidence," said the CEO of an American technology company. "Trust is the most important topic in the industry at the moment," said Eileen Donahoe from the American think tank Global Digital Policy Incubator at the meeting. In this context, there was also the statement by Facebook Co-Managing Director (COO) Sheryl Sandberg: «Please don't forget how much good we do». Observers rated this statement as an expression of uncertainty. Participants warned of the danger that Europe could prevent innovation as a result of excessive regulation and thus lose further in the technology race with the USA and China.

50th annual meeting 2020

The 50th WEF took place again in Davos-Klosters between January 21 and 24, 2020. It had the slogan “Stakeholders for a Cohesive and Sustainable World” and again around 3000 participants were expected. The meeting wanted - for the fourth time - to be climate-neutral . Topics were e.g. For example, the effects and potentials of the new 5G mobile communications transmission standard , deepfakes , the specific mobility of women, the “scandalous” cobalt mining (“we need an ethical battery”), entrepreneurial opportunities to de-escalate the US / Chinese “ Trade war ”, the removal of financial and political barriers to a “future with clean energy” and technological market leadership in Europe.

A few days before the annual meeting, the annual Global Risk Report of the World Economic Forum appeared as a working basis for the meeting. The “failure of climate protection and adaptation to climate change” were named as the main long-term risk. For the first time in the fifteen-year history of what is arguably the most important global risk report, the dangers of climate change , the loss of biodiversity and the associated environmental risks took some of the top ten most likely threats for the next decade. The short-term effects of climate change could add up to a “planetary emergency” that would result in deaths, social and geopolitical tensions and negative economic effects.

The Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg from Fridays for Future announced in an interview in the British Guardian that, with her movement in Davos, she would “call on the heads of state and government to give up the fossil fuel economy”; WEF founder Klaus Schwab protested in an interview against having the meeting in Davos instrumentalized by climate activists. Together on the podium with three other young activists from Canada, Puerto Rico and Zambia, Thunberg began their participation by ignoring a panel question and instead asked the journalists present to finally report on the current IPCC report on global warming and cited figures on CO2 -Budget from the report with an emphasis on the social component in climate protection ( climate justice for people in less favored areas of the world).

51st annual meeting 2021

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe , the meeting has been moved to Singapore on May 25-28, 2021 . However, a virtual meeting under the name Davos Agenda will take place from January 25 to 29, 2021 .

Annual meeting of the New Champions

In 2007, the forum introduced the “Annual Meeting of New Champions ”, which takes place every year in China and is also known as “Summer Davos”. This is a meeting of participants who the forum describes as representatives of “global growth companies”. These companies are primarily model companies from fast-growing emerging countries such as China and India , but also quick starters from industrialized countries . The meetings also bring together next-generation global leaders and leaders from fast-growing regions and competing cities, as well as technology pioneers from around the world. The 2013 meeting took place from September 11th to 13th in the Chinese port city of Dalian and was opened by Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang .

Regional meetings

In addition to the annual meeting in Davos, other regional events take place. In 2014, these included the India Economic Summit , the Annual Meeting of the New Champions in China , the Japan Meeting , the World Economic Forum on East Asia , most recently in the Philippines , the World Economic Forum on Africa , most recently in Nigeria , the World Economic Forum on Latin America , most recently in Panama , and the Summit on the Global Agenda in Dubai . There are also individual events with a national focus, for example in November 2013 on the situation in Ukraine . The Moscow Meeting was canceled by the World Economic Forum in 2014 in connection with the Ukraine conflict .

"Young Global Leaders"

In 2005, the forum brought the Young Global Leaders (YGL) community into being. This has the organizational form of a Swiss foundation and is headed by a 14-member board of trustees . It emerged from the community of Global Leaders of Tomorrow , which existed from 1993 to 2003.

The members of YGL are young executives who belong to a wide variety of sectors and disciplines and come from all parts of the world. You will be appointed for six years and must not have reached the age of 40 at the time of the appointment. After their membership in the YGL has expired, members of the YGL Alumni Community can join. The members maintain the 2030 Initiative , which aims to develop an action plan for realizing the vision of an ideal world in 2030. Recently, this also includes the agenda of the great upheaval ( Great Reset ). New members are appointed every year. In 2014 the Young Global Leaders had more than 900 members. Prominent Young Global Leaders in Germany are the members of the German Bundestag , Federal Minister of Health Jens Spahn , and Federal Chairwoman of the Green Annalena Baerbock . The President of France , Emmanuel Macron , the incumbent Prime Minister of Belgium , Alexander De Croo , the former environment minister of Denmark , Ida Auken and Ska Keller , chairmen of the Greens / EFA and MEP , have also completed the Young Global Leaders program.

"Global Shapers"

In 2011 the forum founded the global network Global Shapers for people between the ages of 20 and 30 who have great potential for future leadership roles in society. The Global Shapers Community consists of self-organized local hubs in large cities. The aim of the activities and events of the Global Shapers is to achieve a positive impact on the respective local community. As of October 24, 2020, Global Shapers had 437 hubs and 9646 shapers in 150 countries. In Germany, Global Shapers is active in Stuttgart, Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Düsseldorf and Dresden. In Austria there is a hub in Vienna, and in Switzerland there are hubs in Zurich, Geneva and Bern. There is also a hub in Luxembourg City.

Social entrepreneur

Since 2000 the forum has been promoting models that are developed by leading social entrepreneurs around the world in close collaboration with the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship . The Foundation regards social entrepreneurs and their work as an important element for the progress of societies and for solving social problems. Selected social entrepreneurs are invited to participate in the regional and annual meetings, where they have the opportunity to meet top managers and senior government officials.

Technology pioneer program

Every year the forum appoints around 30 technology pioneers, companies whose technology is groundbreaking. This award has already been presented to 391 companies since 2003.

Economic reports

The forum, which also functions as a think tank, produces a series of annual economic reports (first publication in brackets): The Global Competitiveness Report (1979) measures the competitiveness of countries and economies; the Global Information Technology Report (2001) assesses their competitiveness based on their willingness to use IT; the Global Gender Gap Report (2005) highlights critical areas of inequality between men and women; the Global Risk Report (2006) captures major global risks; the Global Travel and Tourism Report (2007) measures the competitiveness of the travel and tourism industry, and the Global Enabling Trade Report (2008) presents a cross-national analysis of the various measures that facilitate trade between nations. In January 2011, the World Economic Forum, as an initiative of its Risk Response Network, published a first Outlook on the Global Agenda with the results of the Summit on the Global Agenda 2010 in Dubai. The report has been published annually since then and reports on the major challenges of the time.

Initiatives

The Global Health Initiative (GHI) was founded by Kofi Annan at the 2002 annual meeting. The GHI's mission is to promote public-private partnerships between companies in the areas of HIV / AIDS , tuberculosis , malaria and health systems.

The Global Education Initiative (GEI), founded at the 2003 annual meeting, brings together international IT companies and governments in Jordan , Egypt and India . This initiative led to the use of new PC hardware in schools and more local teachers to be trained in e-learning . These innovations have a real impact on children's lives. The scalable and sustainable GEI model is now being used as an educational model in other countries such as Rwanda .

The Environmental Initiative deals with climate change and water. As part of the Gleneagles Dialogue on Climate Change , the UK government asked the World Economic Forum at the G8 Summit in Gleneagles 2005 to initiate a dialogue with business to develop recommendations for reducing greenhouse gas emissions . These recommendations, backed by a group of international CEOs, were presented to leaders ahead of the 2008 Tōyako G8 summit in July 2008.

The Water Initiative brings together various stakeholders such as Alcan , the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), USAID India, UNDP India, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), the government of Rajasthan and the NEPAD Business Foundation to Develop private partnerships in water management in South Africa and India .

In an effort to fight corruption, the Partnering Against Corruption Initiative (PACI) was launched by CEOs from the engineering and construction , energy and metals, and mining sectors at the annual meeting in Davos in January 2004 . PACI is a platform for peer exchange about practical experiences and dilemma situations. Around 140 companies have signed the initiative.

Social media

All public debates and press conferences of the annual meeting in Davos and the regional conferences will be streamed live on the World Economic Forum website and are available on YouTube . Photos can be downloaded from Flickr for non-commercial use . The World Economic Forum lists its social media appearances, some of which are multilingual, and the number of fans, followers and views on Facebook , LinkedIn , Twitter , YouTube and Instagram on its own website. The World Economic Forum's blog (“Agenda”) publishes daily articles in English, French, Spanish, Chinese and Japanese. The World Economic Forum has also operated a WhatsApp group since April 2019 .

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Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela shaking hands at the annual meeting in Davos in January 1992

European Management Symposium

In 1971, Klaus Schwab, then Professor of Corporate Policy at the University of Geneva , invited 444 executives from Western European companies to the first European Management Symposium , which took place in the then newly built Davos Congress Center . Schwab intended to familiarize European companies with United States management practices under the auspices of the European Commission and European industry associations. To this end, he set up the European Management Forum as a foundation based in Geneva and invited leading European business representatives to Davos for the annual meeting every January.

"I thought to shake Europe up and introduce people to the most progressive management concepts would be a good thing"

- Schwab

Schwab advocated the stakeholder management approach , according to which the success of a company depends on the managers taking into account not only the interests of shareholders , clients and customers , but also those of the employees , the community in which the company is based and of governments. Major events in 1973, notably the collapse of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate mechanism and the Yom Kippur War , led the annual meeting to broaden its focus from management issues to economic and social issues, and in January 1974 for the first time leading politicians to Davos were invited.

"World Economic Forum"

The European Management Forum changed its name to World Economic Forum in 1987 and subsequently endeavored to broaden its vision and develop into a platform for resolving international conflicts. Leading politicians use Davos as a neutral platform to settle their differences. For example, the Davos Declaration , which prevented Greece and Turkey from starting a war at the last minute, was signed by these two countries in 1988. At the 1992 annual meeting, the South African President Frederik Willem de Klerk , Nelson Mandela and Mangosuthu Buthelezi appeared together outside of Africa for the first time. At the 1994 annual meeting, Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and PLO Chairman Yassir Arafat signed a draft treaty on Gaza and Jericho . In 2008, Bill Gates gave a keynote address on Creative Capitalism - the form of capitalism that generates profits and removes inequalities in the world by using market forces to better serve the needs of the poor. Shortly before Christmas 2013, it became known that the former German Federal Minister of Economics and Technology, Philipp Rösler , had been appointed to the management of the World Economic Forum with effect from February 20, 2014. The former federal chairman of the FDP took on responsibility for the forum's global government contacts and was responsible for regional activities outside of Switzerland.

Criticism and alternatives

The World Economic Forum repeatedly gives rise to public criticism and demonstrations. The WEF is viewed by critics of globalization as a neoliberal organization, which is why it attracts the attention of numerous left-wing groups - similar to the G8 summit or the WTO, the WEF is viewed as a «symbol of capitalism ». At the end of the 1990s, the forum, the G8 summit, the World Bank , the WTO and the IMF came under massive criticism from critics of globalization, whose opinion that capitalism and globalization are increasing poverty and destroying the environment.

The lack of independence from the interests of the strongest business representatives in the world, who form the backbone of WEF, is also criticized.

Demonstrations

Demonstration against the WEF on January 28, 2006 in Basel

1500 protesters disrupted the World Economic Forum in Melbourne , Australia in September 2000 by denying 200 delegates access to the meeting.

Also Davos was repeatedly the scene of demonstrations against the meeting of " fat cats in the snow" ( fat cats in the snow ), as rock singer Bono put it. In January 2000, 1,000 demonstrators marched through Davos and smashed the window of the local McDonald’s branch. During the 2012 meeting, 45 activists from the Occupy movement set up an igloo camp in Davos under the motto “Occupy WEF”.

Security measures around Davos keep demonstrators away from the Alpine holiday resort, a large part of the demonstrations took place in Zurich , Bern or Basel . After years of relative calm, demonstrations also took place in 2018 because of the presence of Donald Trump. With a three-day strike winter hike for climate justice from Landquart via Schiers to the 50th WEF in 2020 , the Climate Change Alliance with Payal Parekh and around 1000 other demonstrators of the climate movement urged summit participants and business leaders to be more socially responsible . The world's 1000 largest companies are the main cause of the climate catastrophe , the Paris climate targets also apply to public institutions such as the European Central Bank ( ECB), according to Attac Germany ; Christine Lagarde should give the ECB new guidelines for environmental and climate protection with social balance.

The "other Davos"

The protests against the WEF also include the other Davos , a forum formerly largely organized by Attac Switzerland, which deals with all issues of globalization . A group of actors had their final rehearsal in the other Davos before they played at the Public Eye on Davos ( Public Eye Awards ). In addition, there are demonstrations, film evenings, discussion events and concerts against the WEF all over Switzerland. The Other Davos has been organized annually by the Movement for Socialism as a political counter-event to the WEF since 2016 . It takes place in the Volkshaus Zurich and focuses on the international networking of various social movements and the perspective of the wage earners on the various global problems, such as the destruction of the environment , the deterioration of working conditions, economic crises and the dismantling of the public service .

Globalization critics have been organizing the counter summit of the World Social Forum (WSF) parallel to the World Economic Forum since 2001 . It took place in Brazil's Porto Alegre from 2001 to 2003 and 2005, in 2004 in Mumbai, India (formerly: Bombay), in 2006 in three locations in Africa, Asia and South America simultaneously and in 2007 in the Kenyan capital Nairobi. In 2008 the WSF took place in the form of a global day of action; in 2009 it was organized in Belém (Brazil).

In addition, from 2000 to 2015, the Public Eye on Davos meeting took place at the same time as the WEF in Davos , which presented the negative Public Eye Award in four categories on the opening day . Then there was the positive price.

At the annual meeting in January 2002, in cooperation with the Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches (SEK) and Bread for All in Davos, the Davos Open Forum was held for the first time parallel to the main event, which made the discussion about globalization accessible to the general public. The Open Forum takes place annually in the local Alpine Middle School, in well-attended events. Federal Councilor Couchepin 2005 with Peter Brabeck von Nestle and with the business ethicist Peter Ulrich on the topic "Switzerland - from model country to average country?" discussed.

The annual meeting was criticized among other things as a "mixture of pomp and platitudes". According to critics, it is moving away from serious economic analysis and hardly producing any results worth mentioning, particularly due to the increasing involvement of NGOs with little or no economic expertise.

Today, Davos is no longer the scene of discussions between experts, leading business representatives and top politicians about the world economy, but rather a forum for the most important media policy issues (such as global climate change or AIDS in Africa).

In November 2014, the organizers of Public Eye on Davos, the Bern Declaration and Greenpeace , announced that Public Eye would withdraw from the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2015.

The “In the Spirit of Davos” foundation, funded by the federal government , the canton of Graubünden and the Davos region with 100,000 francs each, existed from 2002 to 2004. It was intended to promote dialogue on the effects of globalization in parallel with the WEF. The task was difficult to fulfill without getting in the way of other events such as the “Public Eye of Davos”, which is why the foundation was dissolved in spring 2004.

Gender debate

Since 2011, the World Economic Forum has been dealing with its own gender quota in order to guarantee at least one woman for every five executives present. The proportion of women rose from 9% to 15% between 2001 and 2005. In 2016, 18% of the WEF participants were women; That number rose to 21% in 2017 and 24% in 2020. Since then, several women have shared their personal impressions from Davos in media articles, emphasizing that the problems are more profound than “a quota for female managers in Davos or meetings on the topic of diversity and inclusion”.

Among other things, as a supplement to the annual World Economic Forum in Davos, also because it has so far been very male-dominated and dominated by men, leading women managers from all over the world have been meeting once a year at the Global Female Leaders Congress since 2014 . It took place for the first time in Zurich, the second in 2015 in Berlin .

Lack of democratic accountability

In the opinion of the European Parliament's think tank , critics also see the WEF as an instrument for political and economic leaders to be able to “make decisions without being accountable to voters or shareholders”.

Financial lack of transparency

At the beginning of 2017, the former FAZ journalist Jürgen Dunsch criticized the fact that the financial reports of the WEF were not very transparent, with "neither the income nor the expenditure being broken down". The apparently not inconsiderable profits would be reinvested. How rich the forum really is is unclear. “The fact is that the forum rests on a strong financial basis that has been accumulated over the decades,” summarizes Dunsch.

The latest annual reports published by the WEF contain a more detailed breakdown of its financial data and show sales of SFr 349 million for 2019 with reserves of SFr 310 million and a share capital of SFr 34 million. No further details on the asset classes or Titles to which the WEF has allocated its financial assets of CHF 261 million.

See also

• Global Gender Gap Index 2020 (GGGI of the World Economic Forum)
• Bilderberg Conference (annually since 1954, by private invitation only)
• World Economic Summit (annually since 1975, initiated by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Helmut Schmidt)
• World Summit for Social Development (once in 1995 in Copenhagen)
• World Science Forum ( World Science Forum , every two years since 2003)

literature

• David Bornstein : How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas. Updated edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford et al. 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-533476-0 .
• Barbara Kellerman : Reinventing Leadership. Making the Connection Between Politics and Business. State University of New York Press, Albany NY 1999, ISBN 0-7914-4072-9 .
• Mike Moore : A World Without Walls. Freedom, Development, Free Trade and Global Governance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, ISBN 0-521-82701-9 .
• Geoffrey Allen Pigman : The World Economic Forum. A multi-stakeholder approach to global governance (= Routledge global institutions 12). Routledge, London et al. 2007, ISBN 978-0-415-70204-1 .
• David Rothkopf : Superclass. The global power elite and the world they are making. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York 2008, ISBN 978-0-374-27210-4 .
• Klaus Schwab , Hein Kroos : Modern corporate management in mechanical engineering. Maschinenbau-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1971.

Movie

• Das Forum , documentary by Marcus Vetter (2019)

Web links

Commons : World Economic Forum  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of the World Economic Forum (multilingual)
• Global Competitiveness Report 2019. (multilingual)
• Global Gender Gap Report 2018. (multilingual)
• Global Information Technology Report 2016. (multilingual)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Pigman pp. 6-22.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Pigman pp. 41-42.
3. ^ World Economic Forum Annual Meeting. weforum.org, November 5, 2018, accessed on January 2, 2020 . 
4. ^ Signing of an agreement with the WEF. Retrieved January 9, 2019 . 
5. ↑ Our Mission WEF homepage.
6. ^ New Forum Center to Advance Global Cooperation on Fourth Industrial Revolution. Retrieved January 9, 2019 . 
7. ^ World Economic Forum: Members and Partners ( Memento of August 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Archive version.
8. ↑ Pigman pp. 23-30.
9. ↑ Rothkopf p. 272.
10. ↑ Isabel Pfaff: What the World Economic Forum in Davos costs. In: sueddeutsche.de , January 22, 2019, accessed on January 23, 2019.
11. ↑ Isabel Pfaff: What the World Economic Forum in Davos costs. In: sueddeutsche.de , January 22, 2019, accessed on January 23, 2019.
12. ^ WEF - helicopters, barbed wire and 5000 soldiers , Karsten Stumm , Manager-Magazin , January 24, 2006.
13. ↑ Blocked air space ( Memento from January 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) - Information from the Federal Office for Civil Aviation.
14. ↑ Tight security surrounds Davos ( Memento from July 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), CNN, January 25, 2001: 4:37 AM EST, accessed August 29, 2008 (archive version)
15. ^ Motion WEF. Stop of subsidies by the federal government , submitted by Susanne Leutenegger Oberholzer to the National Council on December 17, 2008.
16. ↑ Deutsche Welle : Davos: Hard Deals and Moral Values from January 23, 2008.
17. ↑ Q&A: World Economic Forum 2006. In: news.bbc.co.uk. January 23, 2006, accessed January 22, 2015 . 
18. ↑ You could checkout at the WEF - but it doesn't
19. ^ World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2008. (No longer available online.) In: weforum.org. Archived from the original on December 4, 2014 ; accessed on January 22, 2015 . 
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23. ↑ Start in the Alps. manager-magazin.de, January 23, 2008, accessed June 27, 2013 . 
24. ↑ Experts warn of stock market crash hysteria. Price fall. spiegel.de, January 21, 2008, accessed March 5, 2014 . 
25. ↑ The US believes in a better world. nzz.ch, January 24, 2008, accessed June 27, 2013 . 
26. ↑ Rice promotes confidence in the US economy. reuters.com, January 23, 2008, accessed June 28, 2013 . 
27. ↑ Economists: critical - Ms. Rice: optimistic. faz.net, January 23, 2008, accessed June 28, 2013 . 
28. ↑ Globalization: Brown criticizes government protectionism. diepresse.com, January 25, 2008, accessed June 28, 2013 . 
29. ↑ Bush pulls the emergency brake. Economic stimulus. (No longer available online.) Stern.de, January 18, 2008, archived from the original on October 17, 2013 ; Retrieved September 4, 2013 . 
30. ↑ ^{a b} US economy: Bush's rescue package flops among economic experts. spiegel.de, January 25, 2008, accessed September 4, 2013 . 
31. ↑ Rice: US economy is resilient. handelsblatt.com, January 23, 2008, accessed September 4, 2013 . 
32. ↑ Stiglitz calls for interest rate cuts from the ECB. handelsblatt.com, January 23, 2008, accessed September 4, 2013 . 
33. ↑ The sick gorilla. spiegel.de, January 28, 2008, accessed March 5, 2014 . 
34. ^ A Gathering Storm. time.com, January 23, 2008, accessed March 5, 2014 . 
35. ^ Anxiety Crashes the Party at Davos. nytimes.com, January 23, 2008, accessed March 5, 2014 . 
36. ↑ Warning about US economic slump. bbc.co.uk, January 23, 2008, accessed March 5, 2014 . 
37. ↑ A more violent crisis than in the terror year 2001. welt.de, January 23, 2008, accessed on March 5, 2014 . 
38. ↑ Japan puts climate change and Africa on the G8 agenda. Clear targets. handelsblatt.com, January 26, 2008, accessed September 13, 2013 . 
39. ↑ The Facebook generation storms Davos. faz.net, January 20, 2008, accessed February 26, 2014 . 
40. ↑ What happened in Davos? handelsblatt.com, January 20, 2008, accessed September 13, 2013 . 
41. ↑ Old values ​​for a new world. faz.net, January 28, 2009, accessed June 6, 2013 . 
42. ↑ DAVOS record number of participants is looking for ways out of the crisis. reuters.com, January 22, 2009, accessed June 6, 2013 . 
43. ↑ ^{a b} Putin warns against protectionism. nzz.ch, January 28, 2009, accessed June 6, 2013 . 
44. ↑ Putin opens World Economic Forum. tagesspiegel.de, January 28, 2009, accessed June 6, 2013 . 
45. ↑ ^{a b} Putin warns against too much government intervention. faz.net, January 28, 2009, accessed June 6, 2013 . 
46. ↑ ^{a b} What Russia and China think of America. zeit.de, January 31, 2009, accessed March 26, 2014 . 
47. ↑ Putin warns against belief in the state in times of crisis. tagesschau.de, January 28, 2009, accessed March 26, 2014 . 
48. ↑ Full text of Chinese premier's speech at World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009. (No longer available online.) Xinhuanet.com, January 29, 2009, archived from the original on April 29, 2015 ; accessed on April 22, 2014 (English). 
49. ↑ DAVOS-China wants growth of 8 percent despite the financial crisis in 2009. reuters.com, January 28, 2009, accessed June 18, 2013 . 
50. ^ WEF 2009: Russia and China blame West for economic crisis. telegraph.co.uk, January 29, 2009, accessed April 22, 2014 . 
51. ^ Special Address by HE Mr. Taro Aso, Prime Minister of Japan On the Occasion of the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum "My Prescriptions for Reviving the World Economy". mofa.go.jp, January 31, 2009, accessed June 18, 2013 . 
52. ^ Japan announces Asia aid package. bbc.co.uk, January 31, 2009, accessed April 22, 2014 . 
53. ↑ Japan wants to fight protectionism. blick.ch, January 31, 2009, accessed on June 18, 2013 . 
54. ↑ Brown takes fight against protectionism to the G20 summit. guardian.co.uk, February 1, 2009, accessed June 18, 2013 . 
55. ^ Speech by Chancellor Angela Merkel at the World Economic Forum on January 30, 2009 in Davos. bundesregierung.de, January 30, 2009, accessed June 18, 2013 . 
56. ↑ Merkel wants to create a World Economic Council. faz.net, January 30, 2009, accessed June 18, 2013 . 
57. ^ Crisis may 'spark social unrest'. bbc.co.uk, February 1, 2009, accessed March 26, 2014 . 
58. ↑ Live: World Economic Forum 2009. bbc.co.uk, January 31, 2009, accessed on March 26, 2014 (English). 
59. ^ A Roadmap Out of the Economic Crisis. (No longer available online.) Weforum.org, February 1, 2009, archived from the original on March 27, 2014 ; accessed on March 26, 2014 (English). 
60. ^ Scandal at the WEF. Turkish Prime Minister leaves podium event. nzz.ch, January 29, 2009, accessed June 18, 2013 . 
61. ↑ WEF 2009 / Trichet: Euro is not at stake in the crisis. handelszeitung.ch, January 29, 2009, accessed on June 18, 2013 . 
62. ↑ Nelson D. Schwartz: At Davos, crisis thins the guest list. International Herald Tribune January 25, 2009.
63. ↑ Official list of participants of the World Economy Forum ( Memento of April 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 32 kB)
64. ↑ World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2010. (PDF) (No longer available online.) World Economic Forum, 2010, archived from the original on May 8, 2013 ; accessed on April 25, 2013 . 
65. ↑ World Economic Forum in Davos: World leaders meet for the disaster summit in the snow. spiegel.de, January 27, 2010, accessed April 25, 2013 . 
66. ↑ Start in Davos: Sarkozy demands reform of the monetary system. spiegel.de, January 27, 2010, accessed April 25, 2013 . 
67. ↑ Sarkozy wants to rebuild the financial system. focus.de, January 27, 2013, accessed April 25, 2013 . 
68. ↑ Sarkozy's dream of a new capitalism. zeit.de, January 28, 2013, accessed April 25, 2013 . 
69. ^ Davos 2010: Sarkozy calls for revamp of capitalism. bbc.co.uk, January 27, 2010, accessed April 25, 2013 . 
70. ^ Remarks by the President on Financial Reform. (No longer available online.) Whitehouse.gov, Jan. 21, 2010, archived from the original on Jan. 29, 2015 ; accessed on May 6, 2013 . 
71. ↑ Obama wants to reduce the banks' appetite for risk. zeit.de, January 21, 2010, accessed on May 6, 2013 . 
72. ↑ Obama's U-turn. Attack on the banks. faz.net, January 22, 2010, accessed May 6, 2013 . 
73. ↑ The banks come into focus. Topics in Davos. faz.net, January 27, 2010, accessed May 6, 2013 . 
74. ↑ World Economic Forum in Davos: Bank managers mutiny against strict regulation. spiegel.de, January 27, 2010, accessed on May 6, 2013 . 
75. ↑ ^{a b} World Economic Forum in Davos: Countries call for stricter control of the financial markets. spiegel.de, January 28, 2010, accessed May 24, 2013 . 
76. ↑ "Stop scolding banks". manager-magazin.de, January 28, 2010, accessed May 24, 2013 . 
77. ↑ Deutsche Bank boss calls for more understanding for banks. focus.de, January 28, 2010, accessed on May 24, 2013 . 
78. ↑ Financial sector argues in Davos over regulation. reuters.com, January 31, 2010, accessed May 24, 2013 . 
79. ↑ Prominent participants in the WEF. nzz.ch, January 21, 2010, accessed on May 6, 2013 . 
80. ↑ Bundesbank criticizes Obama's banking plans. faz.net, January 28, 2010, accessed May 6, 2013 . 
81. ^ Li Keqiang's speech at Davos adds impetus to world economic recovery. china.org.cn, January 29, 2010, accessed May 25, 2013 . 
82. ↑ Neue Zürcher Zeitung : World elite in search of new horizons , January 26, 2011.
83. ↑ Davos WEF 2011: A beginner's guide. telegraph.co.uk, January 25, 2011, accessed May 17, 2013 . 
84. ↑ 2,500 participants in Davos. focus.de, January 26, 2011, accessed on May 17, 2013 . 
85. ^ Medvedev opens World Economic Forum in Davos. zeit.de, January 25, 2011, accessed May 17, 2013 . 
86. ↑ ^{a b} Medvedev - Tunisia as a «lesson for every authority». welt.de, January 26, 2011, accessed May 17, 2013 . 
87. ^ Unrest in North Africa is a warning. n24.de, January 27, 2011, accessed May 17, 2013 . 
88. ↑ Medvedev's emotional speech at the WEF opening ( Memento from March 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
89. ^ World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012 Executive Summary document. (PDF; 131 kB) Retrieved January 22, 2012 . 
90. ↑ nzz.ch: Merkel opens WEF in Davos , January 18, 2012. Accessed March 13, 2013.
91. ↑ spiegel.de: Debt crisis: Merkel blocks the increase in the euro rescue fund , January 25, 2012. Accessed on March 13, 2013.
92. ↑ dradio.de: Schäuble criticizes Greece's lack of austerity efforts , January 27, 2012. Accessed March 13, 2013.
93. ↑ focus.de: Schäuble demands Greece to “deliver” , January 27, 2012. Retrieved on March 13, 2013.
94. ↑ Schäuble against larger rescue funds. faz.net, January 27, 2012, accessed February 15, 2014 . 
95. ↑ Euro debate in Davos: We need the wall! spiegel.de, January 27, 2012, accessed February 15, 2014 . 
96. ↑ Cameron attack: British prime minister reviles Merkel's financial tax plan as “madness”. spiegel.de, January 26, 2012, accessed February 15, 2014 . 
97. ↑ Schäuble: Do not expect insolvency. rp-online.de, January 27, 2012, accessed on February 15, 2014 . 
98. ^ Spiegel.de: World Economic Forum in Switzerland: Four Wisdoms from Davos , January 27, 2013. Accessed on March 13, 2013.
99. ↑ spiegel.de: Lagarde confirms progress made by problem children , January 23, 2013. Accessed March 7, 2013.
100. ↑ ^{a b c} spiegel.de: Merkel calls for the EU-wide fight against unemployment , January 24, 2013. Retrieved on March 4, 2013.
101. ↑ nzz.ch: Monti appeals to cohesion in Europe , January 23, 2013. Accessed March 5, 2013.
102. ↑ Monti attacks Berlusconi head-on in Davos. welt.de, January 24, 2013, accessed November 19, 2013 . 
103. ↑ Monti believes: the British will choose the EU. faz.net, January 23, 2013, accessed November 19, 2013 . 
104. ↑ Economic forum in Davos: Lagarde certifies progress for problem children. spiegel.de, January 23, 2013, accessed on November 19, 2013 . 
105. ↑ bundesregierung.de: Speech by Chancellor Merkel at the 2013 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum ( memento of October 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), January 24, 2013. Retrieved on April 9, 2013.
106. ↑ faz.net: Merkel: Competitiveness is the central topic of the future , January 24, 2013. Accessed March 6, 2013.
107. ↑ tagesschau.de: Cameron added, January 24, 2013. Accessed March 6, 2013.
108. ↑ Are you okay ? Not yet! sueddeutsche.de, January 27, 2013, accessed on November 19, 2013 . 
109. ↑ Christine Lagarde on the key year 2013. (No longer available online.) Credit-suisse.com, January 28, 2013, archived from the original on April 9, 2014 ; Retrieved November 19, 2013 . 
110. ^ Spiegel.de: Soros warns of currency war , January 25, 2013. Accessed March 6, 2013.
111. ↑ faz.net: Axel Weber calls for uniform regulation , January 23, 2013. Accessed March 9, 2013.
112. ↑ World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2014. weforum.org, accessed on September 18, 2013 (English). 
113. ↑ ^{a b c d} Proud Japan declares war on Germany. welt.de, January 22, 2014, accessed on January 27, 2014 . 
114. ↑ Abe's beautiful appearance. bazonline.ch, January 23, 2014, accessed on January 27, 2014 . 
115. ↑ ^{a b} Abe conjures up military de-escalation in Asia. WEF speech by the Prime Minister of Japan. nzz.ch, January 23, 2014, accessed on January 27, 2014 . 
116. ↑ Abe visits Yasukuni Shrine. Japan provokes China. faz.net, December 26, 2014, accessed January 27, 2014 . 
117. ↑ In Davos, the Pope makes the heads of state responsible. focus.de, January 22, 2014, accessed on January 27, 2014 . 
118. ↑ The Pope comes out as a friend of the market economy. welt.de, January 22, 2014, accessed on January 27, 2014 . 
119. ↑ ^{a b c} Brazil’s Rousseff tries to win over jittery investors at Davos. reuters.com, January 24, 2014, accessed May 8, 2014 . 
120. ^ Pessimism on Brazil Soars to Record in Poll. bloomberg.com, November 21, 2013, accessed May 8, 2014 . 
121. ↑ Brazil's transformation not at its destination despite successes. President Rousseff relies on free trade. nzz.ch, January 25, 2014, accessed May 8, 2014 . 
122. ^ ^{A b} Rousseff Vows to Make Brazil More Competitive. wsj.com, January 24, 2014, accessed May 8, 2014 . 
123. ^ Rousseff Debuts at Davos to Assure Investors She Had Spurned. bloomberg.com, January 21, 2014, accessed May 8, 2014 . 
124. ^ Rohani at the World Economic Forum: Iran's President woos the West. spiegel.de, January 23, 2014, accessed on January 29, 2014 . 
125. ^ Rohani's charm offensive. faz.net, January 23, 2014, accessed January 29, 2014 . 
126. ↑ The Standard: Iran advertises, Israel warns
127. ↑ Tim Rahmann: Europe, listen to David Cameron. wiwo.de, January 24, 2014, accessed on January 29, 2014 . 
128. ↑ Cameron wants to bring Jobs back from Asia. Great Britain as a «Reshore Nation». nzz.ch, January 24, 2014, accessed on January 29, 2014 . 
129. ↑ More confidence than doubt at the 2014 World Economic Forum
130. ↑ Axel Weber warns of the flare-up of the banking crisis. Europe still in crisis mode. nzz.ch, January 23, 2014, accessed on February 6, 2014 . 
131. ↑ Concern for Europe is gone. faz.net, January 22, 2014, accessed February 6, 2014 . 
132. ↑ crisis debate in Davos: "The United States is back, Europe is not." spiegel.de, January 24, 2014, accessed on February 6, 2014 . 
133. ↑ World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2015. weforum.org, accessed on October 23, 2014 (English). 
134. ↑ openforumdavos.ch/de/ openforumdavos.ch: Own website ( Memento from January 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
135. ↑ dpa: ECB bond purchase in Davos controversial - badische-zeitung.de. In: badische-zeitung.de. January 22, 2015, accessed January 22, 2015 . 
136. ↑ Johannes Hausen, This is how much CO2 the President's private jets emit on the way to Davos , VICE Motherboard.
137. ↑ Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's speech at Davos 2015. weforum.org, January 23, 2015, accessed on March 4, 2015 (English). 
138. ↑ China threatens to fail because of the growth cliff. Critical threshold. welt.de, January 21, 2015, accessed on March 4, 2015 . 
139. ↑ «Mass Entrepreneurship». China’s Prime Minister at the WEF. nzz.ch, January 21, 2015, accessed on March 4, 2015 . 
140. ↑ China promises stable growth and further reforms. (No longer available online.) Faz.net, January 21, 2015, archived from the original on March 8, 2015 ; accessed on March 4, 2015 . 
141. ↑ Power Wear: Davos 2015 Annual Meeting. forbes.com, January 13, 2015, accessed January 14, 2015 . 
142. ↑ Hollande praises the ECB. Accelerated reforms. nzz.ch, January 23, 2015, accessed on February 5, 2015 . 
143. ↑ ^{a b} "Don’t feed the beast!" Hollande in Davos. welt.de, January 23, 2015, accessed February 5, 2015 . 
144. ↑ Hollande calls on companies to fight terrorism. wienerzeitung.at, January 23, 2015, accessed on February 5, 2015 . 
145. ↑ ^{a b} Speech by Chancellor Merkel at the 2015 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum on January 22, 2015. bundesregierung.de, January 22, 2015, accessed on February 17, 2015 . 
146. ↑ Merkel: The ECB is independent. Chancellor in Davos. faz.net, January 22, 2015, accessed February 16, 2015 . 
147. ↑ ^{a b} Merkel holds governments responsible. German Chancellor in Davos. nzz.ch, January 22, 2015, accessed on February 17, 2015 . 
148. ↑ Germany remains on the austerity and reform course. Angela Merkel in Davos. n24.de, January 22, 2015, accessed on February 17, 2015 . 
149. ↑ Merkel describes the free trade agreement as a "unique opportunity". pr-online.de, January 22, 2015, accessed on February 17, 2015 . 
150. ↑ Merkel wants to get Europe out of “its own juice”. Summit in Davos. welt.de, January 22, 2015, accessed on February 17, 2015 . 
151. ↑ ^{a b} WEF 2015: Kerry calls for a united stand against terror at the WEF. blick.ch, February 23, 2015, accessed on February 24, 2015 . 
152. ↑ ^{a b} Kerry: «The greatest mistake would be to accuse Muslims collectively». US Secretary of State Kerry and French President Hollande call for a joint fight against terrorism. derstandard.at, January 23, 2015, accessed on February 24, 2015 . 
153. ↑ The economy should support the fight against terrorism. dw.de, January 24, 2015, accessed on February 24, 2015 . 
154. ↑ ^{a b} World Economic Forum 2015: Putin is not coming to Davos. (No longer available online.) Sputniknews.com, December 22, 2014, archived from the original on January 7, 2015 ; accessed on January 7, 2015 . 
155. ↑ Russia on the defensive. Sanctions and freedom at the WEF. nzz.ch, January 23, 2015, accessed on February 27, 2015 . 
156. ↑ The Russians are deeply offended. welt.de, January 23, 2015, accessed on February 27, 2015 . 
157. ↑ DAVOS: Russia criticizes sanctions and emphasizes cooperation with China. focus.de, January 23, 2015, accessed on February 27, 2015 . 
158. ↑ Deutschlandfunk -Nachrichten of January 21, 2015.
159. ↑ ^{a b} Poroshenko draws a comparison with “Charlie” assassins. War in Ukraine. welt.de, January 21, 2015, accessed March 4, 2015 . 
160. ↑ Ukrainian President Poroshenko accuses Russia of aggression. dw.de, January 21, 2015, accessed on March 4, 2015 . 
161. ↑ Why Google's Eric Schmidt says the 'Internet will disappear'. cnbc.com, January 23, 2015, accessed March 17, 2015 . 
162. ↑ Tim Worstall: Eric Schmidt's Quite Right The Internet Will Disappear; All Technologies Do As They Mature. forbes.com, January 24, 2015, accessed March 17, 2015 . 
163. ↑ Google's Eric Schmidt claims the 'internet will disappear' as everything in our life gets connected. dailymail.co.uk, January 22, 2015, accessed March 17, 2015 . 
164. ↑ Eric Schmidt predicts the disappearance of the Internet. t3n.de, January 26, 2015, accessed on March 17, 2015 . 
165. ↑ ^{a b} oxfam.de , January 16, 2015.
166. ↑ spiegel.de: Oxfam poverty study: The richest percent owns more than all the others put together . January 2015.
167. ↑ badische-zeitung.de , January 19, 2015: The super-rich should be taxed higher
168. ^ Badische Zeitung , Comments , Wolfgang Kessler, January 31, 2015, badische-zeitung.de: Much depends on a fairer distribution
169. ↑ Hannes Koch, badische-zeitung.de: Redistribution is not an issue with the business elite . Badische Zeitung , January 22, 2015.
170. ↑ ECB.
171. ↑ Deutsche Bundesbank.
172. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Maurus, ondemand-mp3.dradio.de: WEF Davos - Federal Finance Minister Schäuble pinches Soros about German potholes ( Memento from January 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). Deutschlandfunk , January 23, 5:11 p.m.
173. ↑ deutschlandfunk.de: World Economic Forum ends with deliberations on crisis management . Deutschlandfunk , News , January 24, 2015, 5:00 am.
174. ^ ^{A b} 46th Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum to Focus on Fourth Industrial Revolution. weforum.org, January 13, 2016, accessed on September 12, 2019 (English). 
175. ↑ ^{a b} Davos 2016: eight key themes for the World Economic Forum. Robots, terrorism, migration and inequality. theguardian.com, January 19, 2016, accessed September 12, 2019 . 
176. ↑ ^{a b} Gauck opens meeting in Davos. Digitization and crises. sueddeutsche.de, January 13, 2016, accessed on September 12, 2019 . 
177. ^ Hans-Christian Baumann: Geopolitical crises in focus. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016 . 
178. ↑ Who are the WEF participants? World Economic Forum in Davos. nzz.ch, January 19, 2016, accessed on March 9, 2016 . 
179. ↑ Davos would have preferred to do without Obama's deputy. welt.de, January 20, 2016, accessed on March 9, 2016 . 
180. ↑ WEF in Davos unloads North Korea. Tagesanzeiger.ch, January 13, 2016, accessed on April 12, 2016 . 
181. ↑ North Korea is toying with a visit to the Wef. handelszeitung.ch, January 4, 2016, accessed on April 12, 2016 . 
182. ↑ World Economic Forum unloads North Korea. Nuclear weapon test. spiegel.de, January 13, 2016, accessed April 12, 2016 . 
183. ↑ North Korea wants to " hold the World Economic Forum to account". Unloading for nuclear weapons test. handelsblatt.com, January 14, 2016, accessed April 12, 2016 . 
184. ↑ The feverish search for a plan for the world. welt.de, January 19, 2016, accessed on March 16, 2016 . 
185. ↑ Joachim Gauck: "On the Hope of Prosperity - Notes on Immigration and Flight to Europe". bundespraesident.de, January 20, 2016, accessed on March 16, 2016 . 
186. ↑ "Limitation is not per se unethical". zeit.de, January 20, 2016, accessed on March 16, 2016 . 
187. ^ Gauck's lecture theater for Eastern Europe. Refugee debate in Davos. spiegel.de, January 20, 2016, accessed on March 16, 2016 . 
188. ↑ ^{a b} Schäuble calls for the Marshall Plan. World Economic Forum in Davos. taz.de, January 21, 2016, accessed April 5, 2016 . 
189. ↑ Schäuble calls for the Marshall Plan for refugees. welt.de, January 21, 2016, accessed April 5, 2016 . 
190. ↑ Schäuble: It will be much more expensive than expected. Billions for the refugee crisis. n-tv.de, January 21, 2016, accessed April 5, 2016 . 
191. ↑ Schäuble pushes for gasoline tax: "Don't have time to discuss for months". focus.de, January 23, 2016, accessed April 5, 2016 . 
192. ↑ Schäuble did not offend Tsipras. nwzonline.de, January 23, 2016, accessed April 5, 2016 . 
193. ↑ How Alexis Tsipras made a mockery in Davos. Frontal attack on Schäuble. welt.de, January 21, 2016, accessed April 5, 2016 . 
194. ↑ The world worries about Europe. spiegel.de, January 23, 2016, accessed April 9, 2016 . 
195. ↑ Star investor Soros: Donald Trump does the work of IS. US area codes. sueddeutsche.de, January 21, 2016, accessed April 9, 2016 . 
196. ^ Fears About China's Economy Fester at Davos. nytimes.com, January 22, 2016, accessed April 9, 2016 . 
197. ↑ IMF boss Lagarde calls for "more transparency" from China. derstandart.at, January 21, 2016, accessed on April 9, 2016 . 
198. ↑ The Five Lessons of Davos. sueddeutsche.de, January 24, 2016, accessed April 9, 2016 . 
199. ↑ Lagarde announces renewed candidacy as head of the IMF. World Economic Forum in Davos. Abendzeitung-muenchen.de, January 22, 2016, accessed on April 9, 2016 . 
200. ↑ ^{a b c} "More creative will" for digitization and the 4th industrial revolution. heise.de, January 21, 2016, accessed April 19, 2016 . 
201. ↑ ^{a b} "Middle-class Joe" warns at the WEF. bazonline.ch, January 20, 2016, accessed April 19, 2016 . 
202. ↑ The Five Lessons of Davos. World Economic Forum. sueddeutsche.de, January 24, 2016, accessed on May 3, 2016 . 
203. ↑ World Economic Forum 2017: In the Club of World Changeers , FAZ.net , January 16, 2017.
204. ↑ How Mr. Xi is fighting for globalization. World Economic Forum 2017. faz.net, January 17, 2017, accessed March 20, 2017 . 
205. ^ WTO ministers warn of trade wars. Tagesanzeiger.ch, January 20, 2017, accessed on March 20, 2017 . 
206. ↑ Which guests the forum will attract this year. Davos 2017. faz.net, January 16, 2017, accessed March 20, 2017 . 
207. ↑ For the first time since the crisis, “banker” is no longer a dirty word. welt.de, January 19, 2017, accessed April 6, 2017 . 
208. ↑ May disappoints the business elite. Brexit speech in Davos. sueddeutsche.de, January 19, 2017, accessed April 6, 2017 . 
209. ↑ Is the exodus of the London money elite coming now? "Hard" Brexit. welt.de, January 22, 2017, accessed April 6, 2017 . 
210. ↑ The guest list. faz.net, January 16, 2017, accessed April 24, 2017 . 
211. ↑ ^{a b} Trump all over. The future US president rules Davos. zeit.de, January 18, 2017, accessed April 24, 2017 . 
212. ↑ Xi warns of trade war. China's head of state Xi is taking part in the World Economic Forum for the first time. tagesschau.de, January 17, 2017, accessed April 24, 2017 . 
213. ↑ China's President gives the anti-Trump. spiegel.de, January 17, 2017, accessed April 24, 2017 . 
214. ↑ Communist versus capitalist. Donald Trump dominates the World Economic Forum. dw.com, January 17, 2017, accessed April 29, 2017 . 
215. ↑ Sieren's China: cleverly countered. dw.com, January 18, 2017, accessed April 29, 2017 . 
216. ↑ Xi Jinping's smart move. nzz.ch, January 18, 2017, accessed on April 29, 2017 . 
217. ↑ The Davos man is in crisis. The World Economic Forum ends in sheer perplexity. zeit.de, January 20, 2017, accessed on July 6, 2017 . 
218. ↑ Davos: The Crisis of the Middle Class. Something has to change with globalization. But what? dw.com, January 18, 2017, accessed July 6, 2017 . 
219. ↑ Networking shouldn't be everything. The typical Davos participant has a reputation for being remote from the world. faz.net, January 19, 2017, accessed July 18, 2017 . 
220. ↑ Who comes to Davos? This year's World Economic Forum (WEF) has over 3000 participants. nzz.ch, January 10, 2017, accessed on July 18, 2017 . 
221. ↑ ^{a b} World Economic Forum in Davos. Participants await the big Trump show. rundschau-online.de, January 23, 2018, accessed April 7, 2018 . 
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353. ↑ Open Forum Davos attracts with a top-class program  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Davos-Klosters Destination Marketing, January 22, 2018.  
354. ↑ Parallel to the WEF and against the WEF - Open Forum and "Public Eye on Davos"  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Neue Zürcher Zeitung of January 26, 2005, p. 13.  
355. ^ Pigman p130.
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359. ↑ "In the Spirit of Davos" gives up the ghost  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Neue Zürcher Zeitung, April 7, 2004, p. 16.  
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