Tuna

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Tuna
Coat of arms of Thun
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton BernCanton Bern Bern (BE)
Administrative district : Tunaw
BFS no. : 0942i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 3600-3609 Thun
3624 Goldiwil
3645 Gwatt
UN / LOCODE : CH THU (Thun)

CH GWT (Gwatt)

Coordinates : 614.62 thousand  /  178664 coordinates: 46 ° 45 '32 "  N , 7 ° 37' 48"  O ; CH1903:  614,620  /  178664
Height : 560  m above sea level M.
Height range : 546–1172 m above sea level M.
Area : 21.57  km²
Residents: i43,734 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 2028 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners :
(residents without
citizenship ) 		13.5% (December 31, 2,017)
Unemployment rate : 2.9% (2,010)
City President : Raphael Lanz ( SVP )
Website: www.thun.ch
Aerial view of the city of Thun

Aerial view of the city of Thun
Location of the municipality
Amsoldingersee Brienzersee Dittligsee Uebeschisee Thunsersee Kanton Luzern Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland Verwaltungskreis Emmental Verwaltungskreis Frutigen-Niedersimmental Verwaltungskreis Interlaken-Oberhasli Verwaltungskreis Obersimmental-Saanen Amsoldingen Blumenstein BE Buchholterberg Burgistein Eriz Fahrni Forst-Längenbühl Gurzelen Heiligenschwendi Heimberg BE Hilterfingen Homberg BE Horrenbach-Buchen Horrenbach-Buchen Oberhofen am Thunersee Oberlangenegg Pohlern Reutigen Seftigen Sigriswil Steffisburg Stocken-Höfen Teuffenthal Thierachern Thun Uebeschi Uetendorf Unterlangenegg Uttigen Wachseldorn Wattenwil Zwieselberg BEMap of Thun
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Thun ( French Thoune ) is a municipality and the capital of the administrative district of Thun in the Swiss canton of Bern .

Thun is known as the gateway to the Bernese Oberland . The city lies at the outflow of the Aare from Lake Thun . Thun is the largest garrison town of the Swiss Army and the eleventh largest city in Switzerland . The Thun agglomeration has around 80,000 inhabitants.

geography

The historic city center is not located directly on Lake Thun, but around 1.5 kilometers away on the Aare . The city center consists of the Schlossberg, the lower town, the upper Hauptgasse and the Bälliz . The castle and the town church are on the Schlossberg . The Bälliz is an island in the Aare at the outflow from Lake Thun and has been part of the city since the 14th century. It has been a pedestrian zone since 1988 . Today it is not only the most important shopping and market lane in the city, but also the cultural island and center as well as a popular promenade.

The new city quarters are located on the alluvial plain at the northwest end of Lake Thun, which was filled up by the Kander before it was diverted into the lake in 1714.

While in the north the neighboring municipality of Steffisburg with the district Schwäbis borders directly on the city center, the Thun municipality extends much further in the south and includes the former villages of Dürrenast and parts of Gwatt , which are now part of the city's closed settlement area, along the left bank of the lake . In the west of the community are the Lerchenfeld district , the Allmend , which is now mainly used as a military training area, and the Allmendingen district . In the east, the municipality extends into the hill country and includes the village of Goldiwil . The district of Hünibach on the right bank of the lake, which has grown together with the city, no longer belongs to Thun, but to the municipality of Hilterfingen .

City quarters

Quarter BFS code Quarters of Thun
Bälliz-Freienhofgasse 942002
Goldiwil 942003
Hohmad 942005
Lauenen-Hofstetten-Ried 942006
Lerchenfeld 942007
Military area 942008
Seefeld 942009
West quarter 942011
Allmendingen 942036
Buchholz 942037
Drought branch 942038
Gwatt 942039
Neufeld 942040
Shear 942041
Aarefeld 942047
Old town 942074

history

Meaning of the name

The name Thun comes from the Celtic generic word dūnon (Latinized dūnum ), which means «palisade work, castle, fortified place» and is originally related to German fence, English town (see also: Dun ).

First settlements

Already in the Neolithic Age (around 2500 BC) there was a settlement in the area of ​​today's Marktgasse. There are rich finds from the Bronze Age from 1800 to 800 BC. From the areas of Strättligen and Allmendingen. In the northern basin of Lake Thun there was once a pile dwelling settlement .

When the Roman legions in 58 BC BC occupied almost the entire area of ​​today's Switzerland, the area of ​​today's Thun was also incorporated into the empire. Initially part of the Roman province of Germania superior , Thun became part of the province of Maxima Sequanorum in the course of the administrative and military reforms of the Roman emperor Diocletian (284–305) in 297 AD .

On the Roman highway towards Oberland stood from 58 BC. A temple district with a Gallo-Roman sanctuary, eight small temples surrounded by a wall, and an economic district next to it near Allmendingen on the edge of the Thuner Allmend . The Roman vicus dunum is believed to exist in the city itself . To this day, apart from a few coins and bricks, there are no traces of this settlement.

After the East Germanic Burgundian tribe was settled in AD 443 by the western Roman army master Aëtius as foederati in what is now western Switzerland and in Sapaudia (now Savoy ), Roman rule over the region around Thun waned. The river Aare became the border between the Christian Burgundians and the still pagan Alemanni in the north.

Time of the Zähringer and Kyburger

In the 7th century Thun is mentioned in the Fredegar Chronicle . In 1033, when Konrad II was awarded the title of King of Burgundy, Thun was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire . Before 1200, the dukes of Zähringen built today's castle and expanded the city to include the main street up to the town hall square. In the Middle Ages there was a church and a castle on the Schlossberg, and a settlement with a river crossing on the Aare. Towards the middle of the 12th century, the area belonged to the Zähring Rectorate of Burgundy. When the Zähringer family died out in 1218, the Eastern Swiss Counts of Kyburg inherited the city. In the 12th and 13th centuries there were also two noble families who called themselves von Thun , one free class and the other as Kyburg ministerials. In 1264 Thun received city rights. Disputes over rule in the Kyburg family led to fratricide in Thun Castle in 1322. Count Eberhard, the fratricide, had to seek help from Bern and sell Thun to Bern in 1323. He received the city back as a fiefdom, but in 1384 he and Burgdorf had to finally cede it to Bern. In 1476, the Thuners received a gold in their coat of arms instead of the black star as an award for their achievements in the Battle of Murten .

Development as a regional market center

In the 16th century, craft and business flourished in Thun. The city became a regional market center. A new town hall with a department store on the ground floor was built in the center of the city and a large market square, the cattle market, was created in front of it. The Reformation took place in Thun around 1528 . In 1585 the archive tower, which served as a treasure and armaments chamber, was built.

In the 17th and 18th centuries the city continued to develop and the first attempts to introduce industry were made. Thun, however, always remained only a regional economic center. Long-distance trade played a subordinate role. In 1641 the peasant unrest began, the so-called Thun War. The municipal granary was built in 1699. In 1714 the Kander was directed to Lake Thun. The city library was founded in 1785. After the French invasion, during the Helvetic era, Thun was the capital of the canton of Oberland, which existed from 1798 to 1802 .

Thun in the 1830s.

Thun as a tourist destination and military city

At the beginning of the 19th century a new era began with the rise of tourism and the opening of the Federal Military School in 1819. With the construction of hotels and pensions and the opening of steam boats on Lake Thun in 1835, Thun became an important tourist destination. In 1859 Thun was connected to the railway network. The "Thun construction company" created the "Grandhotel Thunerhof", which opened in 1875.

The five Thun guilds were dissolved in 1865. With the capital that was freed up, the former members of the butchers ', Pfistern and blacksmiths' guild found the Spar- & Leihkasse Thun. The first Thun daily newspaper, the Tägl. Anzeiger für Thun and the Bernese Oberland, first appeared on October 6, 1877.

In the course of time, the military school developed into the largest arsenal in Switzerland and, in 1861/1863, also brought the federal military companies to the city. The industrialist Gustav Selve opened a factory for the manufacture of ammunition pots in Thun in 1895.

Population increase and urban expansion

View towards the Aare and the castle around 1900
Obligation of 1000 francs from the municipality of Thun from October 1, 1909
Aerial photo from 1200 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1919)

In the 20th century there was a strong increase in the population and with it a large structural expansion of the city. In addition, the suburbs Goldiwil in 1913 and Strättligen in 1920 were incorporated.

The new municipal regulations abolished the municipal assembly in 1919 and introduced the city council as the legislature. The introduction of women's right to vote and suffrage in community matters took place in 1969.

A new train station was opened on June 1, 1923. In 1925 the canal was opened to traffic from the upper Inseli to the new train station. The city has been connected to the A6 motorway since 1971 .

From 1981 planning and partial realization of city extensions: Aarestrasse, Aarfeld and train station area, Scheibenstrasse. The Spar- & Leihkasse Thun collapsed in 1991, and the Selve metal works announced the closure.

present

In the 21st century, the city was expanded again: new development in Aarefeld, construction of the Thun Culture and Congress Center (KKThun), the new Arena Thun football stadium , redesign of the Selve area. Further projects such as For example, a business park in the Schoren area, the development focus (ESP) Thun-Nord (with a new Aare crossing) and the redesign of the Emmi area will follow.

population

Population development

Population development
year 1400 1764 1798 1818 1836 1850 1870 1888 1900 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2000 2014 2019
Residents circa 1400 1,414 1,566 1,936 2,646 6,019 7'290 8,286 10'213 12,173 16,524 24,157 36,523 38'211 40,377 44,048 44,271

Population composition

As of December 31, 2019:
Total population: 44,271 (100%)
Foreigners: 6,175 (14.0%)

  • 0-19 7,365 (16.6%)
  • 20–39 11,694 (26.4%)
  • 40–59 11,779 (26.6%)
  • 60–79 10,361 (23.4%)
  • 80+ 3,072 (6.9%)000

Religious affiliation

As of December 31, 2019, 52.1% (23,065 people) of the total population of Thun were Reformed , 13.4% (5,914 people) were Roman Catholics , 0.2% (76 people) were Christian Catholics and less than 0.1 % (9 people) belonged to the Jewish religion .

Membership figures for religious communities not recognized by the state are no longer available for the total population in Thun since the 2000 census. However, in 2018 the Federal Statistical Office carried out a sample survey in Thun in which people aged 15 and over were asked about their religion. The results are summarized in the following table:

Thun population aged 15 and over according to religious belief, 2018
religion
Christianity 72.1%
- evangelical reformed 51.7%
- Roman Catholic 13.7%
- other Christian denominations 06.7%
Islam 04.2%
other religions 02.0%
non-denominational 20.7%
no information 01.0%

politics

Composition of the Thun City Council
Political party 2018 2014 2010 2006 2002 1998
SVP 10 11 12 10 10 8th
SP 8th 9 8th 11 14th 14th
BDP 3 5 6th - - -
Greens (until 2006 GFL ) 8th 5 4th 5 3 2
FDP 3 3 4th 7th 6th 7th
EPP 2 2 2 2 2 2
glp 3 2 1 - - -
EDU 2 2 2 2 2 3
CVP 1 1 1 2 2 2
SD - - - 1 1 2
TOTAL 40

organs

  • Eligible voters (around 31,000)
  • City Council (parliament, legislature, 40 members)
  • Municipal Council (executive, 5 members)
  • Members of the municipal council, insofar as they are authorized to make decisions
  • Employees authorized to represent the city
  • Standing commissions with decision-making powers
  • Auditing body

City council

8th
8th
2
3
1
3
3
10
2
8th 8th 2 3 1 3 3 10 2 
A total of 40 seats

The city council gives impulses for city politics and exercises political supervision over the activities of the municipal council and the administration. The city parliament mainly focuses on the higher-level and longer-term goals. The city council consists of 40 members. He is also elected to the local council by the people on a proportional basis, with the whole city forming a single constituency . Its meetings are public and take place in the town hall. The agenda and resolutions are published in the Thun official gazette . The city council has the overall supervision of the administration and deals among other things with the following matters:

  • Approval of the legislative plan, the annual accounts and the annual report
  • Approval of the estimate (final if no change to the tax system is planned)
  • Financial decisions:
  • final: new expenses of CHF 201,000 to CHF 2 million
  • Subject to the optional referendum: new expenditure of 2 to 4 million francs
  • Election of commissions with decision-making powers
  • Issuing regulations

Municipal council

The municipal council is the highest enforcement, planning, administrative and police authority in the city and consists of five members, including the city ​​president, who is directly elected by the people . The municipal council is elected by the people every four years on a proportional basis. He organizes and heads the city administration and represents the community externally. The tasks stipulated by law and the orders of the city council are decisive. He is also responsible for a. the appointment of the management and the issuing of ordinances and regulations. He can also approve new one-off expenses of up to CHF 200,000. The meetings usually take place once a week and are not public.

dish

The regional court of the Bernese Oberland, a cantonal court of first instance, has its seat in Thun.

National elections

The voting shares of the parties in the 2019 National Council elections were: SVP 26.6%, SP 17.0%, GPS 15.0%, glp 10.8%, FDP 7.2%, BDP 7.0%, EVP 5.9 %, EDU (incl. DM) 3.2%, CVP 2.1%.

economy

Blechwarenfabrik Hoffmann & Sons in Thun. Technical Department, 1914–1918

In addition to tourism , mechanical and apparatus engineering, publishing and the military are of economic importance. The heyday of tourism in Thun is over, but tourism is still an important source of economic income. Every year over 120,000 guests stay in Thun and around 1.8 million day visitors visit the city (figures for 2010).

Today Thun is the largest and most important market town in the Bernese Oberland. Locals and guests alike appreciate the diverse range of shops and various markets in the city center. The “Bälliz” between the inner and outer Aare is a popular shopping area. All-day markets take place there on Wednesday and Saturday, a fresh produce market on Saturday mornings on Rathausplatz. Periodically held markets are the fur fur market (2nd Saturday in February) and the Grossmärit (2nd Saturday in June). Other offers are flea markets on Mühleplatz, craft markets, Christmas market and the like. a. more.

A total of 4500 companies are based in Thun. In addition to tourism, u. a. the trade, health and social services, the construction industry ( Frutiger AG , Duscholux AG), administration, mechanical engineering ( RUAG ) and the military are of economic importance. With EMPA , Thun is also the location of a research and service institution for materials science and technology development within the ETH domain.

Thun is also a member of several business organizations.

Attractions

Upper main street with high sidewalks
View of the castle

traffic

Thun train station

Car traffic

Thun is known as the “gateway to the Oberland”. The most important traffic connections to the Bernese Oberland run through here. Thun has been connected to the Swiss national road network since 1971 by the A6 with the Thun North and Thun South exits. Bypassing the city center due to too dense traffic is already planned. The “bypass” Thun Nord is to include an extension and redesign of the Thun Nord Steffisburg (A6) motorway slip road and a new crossing of the Aare. In August 2011, a “blue zone” was set up as a temporary solution between Guisanplatz and Sternenplatz, in which pedestrians no longer have right of way, but they are allowed to cross the street - with mutual consideration - along the entire length of the wave.

Train / bus transport

Long-distance transport

In terms of rail transport, Thun train station has a connection to the national network. In the direction of the Mittelland ( Bern - Olten - Basel / Bern - Zurich - Romanshorn ) and Oberland ( Spiez - Interlaken / Spiez - Lötschberg - Brig-Glis ) there are two intercity lines; there are also direct connections to Milan and Berlin . Regional lines exist through the Aare valley (S1 Thun – Bern– Freiburg ), through the Gürbetal (S4 Thun– Belp –Bern – Burgdorf– Langnau , S44 Thun – Belp – Bern– Burgdorf - Sumiswald or Solothurn ) and through the Emmental (Thun– Konolfingen - Hasle- Rüegsau –Burgdorf – Solothurn). The Regioexpress Lötschberger travels north to Münsingen - Bern and south to Spiez. The rear part of the train continues to Zweisimmen and the front part takes the Lötschberg mountain route to Brig.

Local transport

There is a dense network of bus routes in local public transport, operated by the STI transport company . The Steffisburg – Thun – Interlaken tram, which existed from 1913 to 1958, and the Thun – Beatenbucht trolleybus, which ran from 1952 to 1982, were also operated by STI and its predecessors. Thun has also been connected to the Moonliner network since 2012 .

shipping

Until the beginning of the 20th century, shipping on Lake Thun played an important role in the transport of people and goods towards the Oberland. For a long time, Thun was the terminus of the railway and the journey could only continue by ship. With the opening of the Thunerseebahn (TSB), Thun lost this interface function and shipping is still mainly of tourist importance. The Lake Thun shipping is operated by the BLS .

Culture

The most important date in the local festival calendar is the imposition , which lasts from the last Sunday in September to the following Tuesday. The focus of this festival is the crossbow shooting of the cadets and the fool's figure “ Fulehung ”.

Every year, the Thun Carnival takes place on the weekend that is closest to the change of month between January and February. After the Reformation, the carnival custom disappeared from the region for about 300 years. The "Fasnachtsfreunde Thun" association, founded in 1998, succeeded in creating a new carnival with Ichüble on Thursday, Schnitzelbank soirée on Friday, children's and street carnival on Saturday and a parade on Sunday as a new cultural event.

Since 2003, the “ Thunerseespiele ” has been taking place every year in summer . Musicals are presented on a stage that is set up in the lake every year .

The Thun Castle Concert Weeks offer classical and contemporary musical performances every June. During the summer holiday season, the weekly old town concerts on Rathausplatz provide folk entertainment and the multi-day open-air festival "Am Ende" creates a rocky atmosphere on Mühleplatz.

Every spring, at the 4-day Swiss Artists' Exchange, everything that has rank and name in the Swiss cabaret scene is presented and the Swiss Small Art Prize is awarded.

The Thun City Orchestra performs four symphony concerts and one chamber concert every year. Since 1998 it has been under the direction of the Freiburg conductor Laurent Gendre.

The International Barrel Organ Festival with almost 200 instruments takes place every two years.

Important cultural and important centers are the Thun Culture and Congress Center (KKThun) with the Schadau and Lachensaal, in which concerts and presentations are also continuously held. In addition, the Café Bar Mokka , which has been around for over 20 years, is an important place, especially for young people, as they can meet there.

Museums

The Thun Art Museum was founded in 1948. The focus of his exhibitions is on contemporary art. Once a year, an exhibition with works from the collection is presented. One focus of the collection is Swiss Pop Art.

In addition to exhibits on local history and Swiss military history, the castle museum also presents important collections of Thun majolica and antique toys.

The Thun Panorama by Marquard Wocher, the oldest preserved circular panorama in the world from the 19th century, can be viewed in a pavilion in the Schadaupark .

sport and freetime

Surfing in the wake on the Upper Lock

The sporting figurehead of the city is FC Thun . The club played in the top Swiss football league , the Super League , from 2002 to 2008 and surprisingly qualified for the Champions League in 2005 . After two years in the Challenge League , FC Thun rose again to the top division in the 2010/11 season.

Other successful sports clubs are Wacker Thun (men) and DHB Rotweiss Thun (women) in handball , UHC Thun in floorball and SC Thunerstern in roller hockey . Thun also has an American Football Club, the Thun Tigers , and various ice sports clubs, including the EHC Thun and the EV Bomo Thun .

Tanja Frieden from Thun won gold in snowboard cross at the 2006 Winter Olympics . Ernst Fivian from Thun won silver in artistic gymnastics at the Olympic Games in Helsinki.

The region around Thun was the venue for the world orienteering championships in 1981 .

Since 1997, Thun has also hosted the River Jam , a canoe freestyle event that takes place in the Scherzligschleuse. The highlights were the European Championships in 2002 and the Kayak Freestyle World Championships in 2009 .

The most popular leisure facility in summer is the lido on the lake, dr Strämu, as the locals say. It offers heated artificial pools with 50-meter swimming lanes and a ten-meter diving platform. The Thun tennis club is located directly at the lido. The Schwäbis river pool is also popular, where swimming in the Aare has a long tradition.

The Selve area occupied an important place in Thun's nightlife, a former industrial site on which bars, discos and clubs moved in after the demise of Metallwerke Selve AG in the early 1990s. In 2007, some of these businesses had to give way to a development. The cultural venue «Café Bar Mokka» with its concerts is well known beyond the city. Various cafés have been set up on Mühleplatz, where the mill used to be.

Urban development

Thun is one of the larger cities (eleventh largest city in Switzerland) in Switzerland and is still growing. The population has been increasing for years. But also in terms of urban development, some projects are more or less advanced in their implementation.

In 2009 the flood tunnel was put into operation, which should better protect the city from flooding. This leads from the end of the ship canal at the train station along the railway line to below the Schwäbis river power station, where the water is fed back into the Aare.

Since 2008, a new district with administrative, commercial and residential developments has been under construction in the former industrial area of ​​the «Selve». Old factory areas around the freight yard are also giving way to modern new developments. In the Dürrenast, the Schadausaal is being expanded into a congress center and a new hotel is being planned on the Lachenkanal.

A football stadium with a shopping center was opened in 2011 at the Thun-Süd motorway exit.

There are some road construction projects. Most of the traffic is still channeled through the city center today. New bypasses are planned.

Healthcare

Thun has a public hospital with 24-hour emergency care. It belongs to the clinic network of the STS hospitals. Furthermore, the pharmacies of the city of Thun offer a 24-hour emergency service. Also based in Thun is Spitex , a non-profit organization that operates in the field of care and housekeeping.

Education

In the city of Thun there is a total of:

Kindergarten, primary and upper level ( lower secondary level )

  • 34 kindergartens
  • 13 primary schools (first to sixth grade)
  • 4 high schools (seventh to ninth grade) with real, secondary and special secondary classes.

Gymnasiums, technical and vocational schools, etc. ( upper secondary level )

There are also other offers such as B. private or supplementary educational offers as well as day schools.

Town twinning

The Zähringer cities

The authorities, associations and other population groups in the Zähringer towns have been visiting each other for around thirty years . In addition to Thun, this community includes the German cities of Freiburg im Breisgau , Villingen-Schwenningen , Neuenburg am Rhein , Bräunlingen , St. Peter in the Black Forest and Weilheim an der Teck, as well as the Swiss cities of Bern , Freiburg im Üechtland , Burgdorf , Murten and Rheinfelden .

Personalities

Sons and daughters

Personalities with temporary residence in Thun:

  • View from the castle towards Lake Thun around 1900

  • View of Thun, Aare and Lake Thun from the castle

  • View over Thun

  • Schadau Castle around 1900

  • Thun Castle seen from the Aare

literature

  • Anna Bähler, Anita Egli, Thomas Brodbeck, Gerrendina Gerber-Visser, Christian Lüthi, Katharina Moser, Andrea Schüpbach, Philipp Stämpfli: Thuner Stadtgeschichte 1798-2018, Thun 2018
  • Felix Müller and Peter Küffer: Thun (municipality). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .

Web links

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent resident population from STAT-TAB of the BfS , municipalities see also regional portraits 2020 on bfs.admin.ch, accessed on May 29, 2020
  2. ↑ Thun key figures. Population. In: Official website. Federal Statistical Office, 2011, p. 1 , accessed on August 28, 2011 .
  3. ↑ Raphael Lanz. City of Thun, accessed on May 19, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Urban population: agglomerations, cores outside agglomerations and municipalities with multiple orientations, 1991-2018. Federal Statistical Office, accessed on April 16, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Lexicon of Swiss municipality names . Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Frauenfeld / Lausanne 2005, p. 873.
  6. ↑ Divers in Lake Thun examine pile dwellings from the Bronze Age . In: Berner Zeitung . January 6, 2020, accessed March 2, 2020.
  7. ↑ They bring the pile dwellers' treasures out of the water . In: Berner Zeitung . February 25, 2020, accessed March 2, 2020.
  8. ^ Ernst Theodor Gaupp : German city rights of the Middle Ages, with legal historical explanations. Second volume. Breslau 1852, pp. 107-111, online.
  9. ↑ Gian Sandro Genna: Thuner Tagblatt. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . October 5, 2012 , accessed September 6, 2019 .
  10. ^ Daily Gazette for Thun and the Bernese Oberland, Volume 1, Number 1, October 6, 1877. In: e-newspaperarchives.ch. Retrieved September 6, 2019 .
  11. ^ Felix Müller and Peter Küffer: Thun (community). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  12. ↑ a b c demographic statistics. City of Thun, accessed on May 25, 2020 .
  13. ↑ Religious affiliation according to large cities. (XLSX) Federal Statistical Office (FSO), accessed on May 25, 2020 .
  14. ↑ http://wahlen.thun.internetgalerie.ch/
  15. ↑ http://wahlen.thun.internetgalerie.ch/2014/stadtrat/lösungen.html
  16. ↑ City of Thun: Protocol 2018 City Bike. (PDF) November 25, 2018, accessed November 26, 2018 .
  17. ↑ thun-gabrovo.ch: Current - twinning Thun-Gabrovo , accessed on June 7, 2011
  18. ↑ togothun.ch: Gadjagan ( Memento of the original dated May 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.togothun.ch archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed May 5, 2016.
  19. ↑ Zaehringerstaedte.eu