Oleksovice

Oleksovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	1833 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 54 '  N , 16 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 54 '7 "  N , 16 ° 14' 54"  E
Height:	199  m nm
Residents :	669 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 62
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Hostěradice - Bantice
structure
Status:	Městys
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Zdeněk Koukal (as of 2020)
Address:	Oleksovice 69 671 62 Oleksovice
Municipality number:	594571
Website :	www.oleksovice.cz

Oleksovice (German Groß Olkowitz ) is a minor town in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia region) in the Czech Republic . The place was laid out as a street green village.

geography

Oleksovice lies on both sides of the Skalička in the Thaya-Schwarza valley . To the northeast is the Oleksovický rybník ( Middle Pond ). Neighboring towns are Mšice ( Mausdorf ) in the southeast, Stošíkovice na Louce ( Teßwitz an der Wiese ) in the southwest and northeast Václavov .

history

The layout of the place and the Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The first documentary mention of the place took place on October 25th, 1190. Two years later a church is mentioned, making Groß-Olkowitz one of the oldest parishes in the country. Over the centuries, the spelling of the place changed several times. In 1190 they wrote “Oleczovicz”, 1363 “Olokowitz”, 1529 “Groß Alexovitz” and 1672 “Olkowitz”. "Groß Olkowitz" has been in use since the 18th century.

On April 10, 1336, the village was granted market rights by King John . In October of the same year Groß-Olkowitz also received the right of jurisdiction. The pillory stone and a fist with a sword on the corner of the house were preserved until 1945. These rights were confirmed by Emperor Rudolf II in 1606 and extended to include two annual markets. The Anabaptists settled in the village around 1550 . After the victory of the imperial troops in the Battle of White Mountain and the onset of the Counter-Reformation , the Anabaptists were expelled from the country in 1622. Most of them moved on to Transylvania. The Anabaptist prayer house was used as an ossuary and tool shed for the grave digger. During the Thirty Years War the place was sacked by the Swedes. From 1692 the market belongs to the rule of the Bruck monastery. The place has had registers since 1694.

The district of Mausdorf came into being after the Bruck monastery was dissolved under Emperor Josef II in 1784. There were 32 cottagers who were settled by the Lechwitz rulers. During the German-Austrian War in 1866 the place was occupied by Prussian troops. They demanded 1200 guilders as war contributions. Since these could not be raised, 18 cows and one bull had to be delivered. The Prussian soldiers also brought cholera into Groß-Olkowitz. Years later, the Austrian government returned the 1200 guilders. With the money they decided to buy 14 stations of the cross for the church. The districts of Hermannsdorf and Schakwitz broke away in 1867 and formed their own communities. In 1894 the volunteer fire brigade was founded. A year later, a reservoir was built to protect the place from flooding. In 1918, twenty Groß-Olkowitzers died of the Spanish flu .

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The Treaty of Saint-Germain , 1919, declared the place, which in 1910 was 94% inhabited by Moravians of the Bavarian-Austrian dialect area, part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period , government measures led to a massive influx of people who spoke Czech. During the land reform from 1921 to 1924, a large part of the grounds were distributed to Czech settlers and legionaries . The autonomy demanded by the minorities was not negotiated. With the threat of armed conflict, the Western powers caused the Czechoslovak government to cede the German-speaking peripheral areas to Germany. This was regulated in the Munich Agreement . Thus, on October 1, 1938, Groß Olkowitz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 106 victims among the Gross-Olkowitzers, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Five men were killed in severe post-war excesses against the German population by militant Czechs. Other German-Moravian citizens fled these riots across the nearby border to Austria. On August 18, 1945, the majority of the local residents were driven towards the Austrian border in a “wild expulsion campaign” . Since the Austrian officials refused to cross the border, they were housed in the village of Gerstenfeld . From there they attempted their escape in “personal individual actions” across the poorly guarded border to Austria. Between July 9 and September 18, 1946, 182 Groß Olkowitzers were resettled in an "orderly" manner to West Germany. 111 people remained in the place. As early as October 25, 1945, the assets of the German residents were confiscated on the basis of the Beneš Decree 108 and placed under state administration. The local residents in Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of approx. 26%, in accordance with the original transfer targets of the Potsdam Agreement .

Since March 31, 2009 Oleksovice has again the status of a Městys (Minor town).

Coat of arms and seal

Although a seal from the year 1336 is presumed and is certain from 1606 at the latest, so far only an impression of the seal from the 18th century has been found. It shows a baroque shield within a wreath of flowers. Inside there is a tower with a crossed pointed roof. The tower is accompanied by the initials "P" and "R".

Another seal dates from 1719 and is eight-sided. A tower can be seen in it alongside two small towers. All three have a pointed roof. The initials "GOW" (= Groß Olkw joke) are located above the roofs.

Coat of arms: In 1606 the market was given a coat of arms. There was a shield divided into blue and silver. Above it, growing from above, is a crowned, gold armored and red-tongued black eagle with the silver initial "R" on the chest. Underneath a golden "W".

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	1065	1045	19th	1
1890	1081	1081	0	0
1900	1103	1074	29	0
1910	1177	1113	46	18th
1921	1276	1192	54	30th
1930	1277	1131	126	20th

Local division

No districts are shown for Městys Oleksovice. Oleksovice includes the locality Mšice ( Mausdorf ) and the layers Karlov ( Karlhof ) and Nový Dvůr ( Neuhof ).

Attractions

• Parish church Mariae Himmelfahrt, reconstruction in 1576, high altar sheet by Josef Winterhalter II., Vespers picture from the 14th century.
• Columns of St. Florians (17th century), St. Johann von Nepomuk (18th century) and St. Trinity (1760)
• Pillar of Torture (1595)
• Cemetery (around 1300)
• Town hall (1338), rebuilt in 1832 and 1925

Sons and daughters of the place

• Jakob Zukrigl (1807–1876), Roman Catholic theologian
• Martin Bauer (1833–1921) Dean of the University of Vienna and court chaplain
• Alois Springer (* 1935) conductor
• Josef Büchinger (1803–1886), Provost and Vicar General

regional customs

The annual markets took place on the Monday before the Visitation (July 2nd) and after the Assumption (August 15th).

The Kirtag always took place from August 14th to 16th.

literature

• A. Johann: Groß-Olkowitz-Heimatkunde 7. 1899.
• Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Anton Schroll & Co, 1941, Groß-Olkowitz p. 232.
• Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Großolkowitz p. 57
• Franz Zuckriegl: home book of the market community Groß-Olkowitz-Mausdorf , Endersbach 1952
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Groß-Olkowitz, s. 77f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 281 (Gross-Olkowitz).

Web links

• Groß-Olkowitz_Mausdorf in "Old postcard motifs of the South Moravian communities"
• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Obec Oleksovice: Podrobné informace , uir.cz
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
4. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris regni Bohemiae , Vol. II, p.28
5. ↑ Bernd G. Längin : Die Hutterer , 1986, p.237
6. ^ Gregor Wolny : Kirchliche Topographie von Maehren, part 2, volume 2 , p. 141
7. ^ Archive obce Oleksovice
8. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
9. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
10. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
11. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
12. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2010, Book of the Dead p. 378
13. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, p. 244, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
14. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 281 (Gross-Olkowitz).
15. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume III, p. 203
16. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984