District of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.)

District of Rothenburg
Coat of arms of the district
Prussian Province	Silesia (1816–1919, 1938–1941) Lower Silesia (1919–1938, 1941–1945)
Administrative district	Liegnitz
County seat	Rothenburg
surface	1,125 km² ( 0000–1932) 1,333 km² (1932–1945) 0 980 km² (1945–1947)
Communities	110 (1939)
Location of the Rothenburg district in the western district of Liegnitz

The district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) (= Upper Lusatia ) was a district that existed in Prussia and the Soviet Zone from 1816 to 1947. The district today belongs to the Saxon district of Görlitz to the west of the Lusatian Neisse , and to the east - except for Tormersdorf - to the Polish powiat Żary .

When it was founded, there were two cities in the district, Muskau on the northern border and Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) On the southern border of the district. After the Sagan district was dissolved , its western part came to the Rothenburg district with the town of Priebus (Silesia) in 1932 . The two largest communities, Weißwasser and Niesky , received town charter in 1935, so that the district became on January 1, 1945

• five cities
• 102 other municipalities
• and comprised a forest estate district.

After the Second World War , the remainder of the district west of the Lusatian Neisse was incorporated into the state of Saxony on July 9, 1945 . The district east of the Lusatian Neisse merged into the Polish powiats (districts) Żary and Zgorzelec . In October 1945, the district administration was relocated to the now largest city, Weißwasser, and it was renamed the Weißwasser district . On January 16, 1947, he went on in the district of Weißwasser-Görlitz .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, a large part of the former Saxon Upper Lusatia became part of the Liegnitz administrative district of the Prussian province of Silesia . The new Rothenburg district was formed from parts of this in May 1816 . The district office was in Rothenburg . In consideration of the rulership of Muskau , their eastern exclaves also came to the Rothenburg district. The efforts of Count Hermann von Pückler-Muskau to bring the ruling parish of Jämlitz into the district were unsuccessful, despite inquiries to the Prussian king.

On January 1, 1820, the final delimitation of the Rothenburg district took place with the reclassification of the villages of Groß Krauscha, Neu Krauscha and Ober Neundorf from the Rothenburg district to the Görlitz district .

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . In the period that followed, the name Rothenburg i./Ob. Louse. by. On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On September 30, 1929, in the district of Rothenburg i./Ob. Louse. In line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia, a territorial reform took place in which almost all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. At the same time, the following border changes took place:

• Incorporation of the manor district of Neudorf b. Pechern, Forst from the Sagan district in the Rothenburg i. If. Louse.,
• Incorporation of the estate district of Kuthen, Forst from the Rothenburg i. If. Louse. in the district of Hoyerswerda .

On October 1, 1932, the Sagan district was dissolved and its western part was incorporated into the Rothenburg i. If. Louse. incorporated, whereby the exclave with the villages around Zibelle between the districts of Sorau and Sagan was now connected to the rest of the district. The town of Priebus and the rural communities of Alt Tschöpeln , Bogendorf , Dubrau , Graefenhain , Groß Petersdorf , Hermsdorf b. Were affected by the reclassification . Priebus , Jamnitz-Pattag , Jenkendorf , Kochsdorf , Mellendorf , Merzdorf b. Priebus , Mühlbach , Neu Tschöpeln , Pechern , Quolsdorf b. Tschöpeln , Raußen , Reichenau b. Priebus , Ruppendorf , Tschöpeln , Wällisch , Wendisch Musta , Zessendorf and Ziebern . With 1333 km², the Rothenburg district was now the second largest district in the province of Lower Silesia after the also enlarged Sprottau district .

Now the changed district name Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) Prevailed, which remained until the end of the war. Since January 1, 1939, the Rothenburg district (Ob. Laus.) Has been known as the district in accordance with the now uniform rule .

Coat of arms introduced in 1937

In 1937 a coat of arms was introduced that was based on the coat of arms of Upper Lusatia and was symbolically supplemented by the properties of wildlife and mining.

From April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were again merged to form the Province of Silesia. On January 18, 1941, the Province of Silesia was dissolved again, and the Province of Lower Silesia was formed again from the previous administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the part east of the Lusatian Neisse was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . There then began the influx of Polish civilians, mostly from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the “ West displacement of Poland ” . In the period that followed, the German population was largely expelled .

Soviet occupation zone / German Democratic Republic

By order of the Soviet military administration , the part of the district west of the Lusatian Neisse was reclassified to the state of Saxony on July 9, 1945 . In October, the district administration was moved from the remote town of Rothenburg to the much larger town of Weißwasser, which was accompanied by the renaming of the district of Weißwasser , although the old name was still used in isolated cases. The district now covered an area of ​​980 km² with 69,031 inhabitants. As a district administrator was Friedrich August Heiden ( KPD ) appointed. On January 16, 1947, the district was merged with the neighboring Görlitz district to form a new district of Weißwasser-Görlitz with its headquarters in Weißwasser , which in turn was renamed the Niesky district on January 12, 1948 .

On July 25, 1952, the district reforms in the GDR split the former district area into the new districts of Weißwasser , Niesky and Görlitz-Land .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1819	32,469
1846	44,769
1871	51,374
1885	50,919
1900	59,800
1910	71,564
1925	76,319
1939	91,471

District administrators

• 1816–1833 Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Roeder00
• 1834–1838 00from Rabenau
• 1838–1858 Friedrich Leopold von Ohnesorge00
• 1858–1862 Adolf von Fürstenstein00
• 1862–1884 00Wolf Emil von Gersdorff
• 1885–1907 Hans von Lucke00
• 1907–1919 Philipp von Lucke00
• 1919 0000000Meinke ( substitute )
• 1919–1927 Johannes Grossmann00
• 1928–1932 Rudolf Merz00
• 1932 Ernst Beckmann ( acting )0000000
• 1932–1937 Werner Kuhne00
• 1937–1938 00Rudolf Wagner ( provisional )
• 1938–1943 Johannes Blendermann00
• 1943 Karl-August Vieregge , District Administrator of the Lauban District ( representative )0000000
• 1943–1945 Rudolf Zschacke00
• 1945–1947 Friedrich August Heiden00

Local constitution until 1945

The Rothenburg district (Ob. Laus.) Was initially divided into cities, rural communities and manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

Municipalities on the right of the Lusatian Neisse

The following communities were east of the Lusatian Neisse and fell to Poland in 1945:

Alt Tschöbeln Beinsdorf Archery village Buchwalde Burglehn Muskau Dubrau Graefenhain Gross Petersdorf

Hermsdorf b. Priebus Kochsdorf Leippa Lugknitz Mühlbach Neißebrück (partially) New Tschöpeln Priebus, city

Quolsdorf b. Toepferstedt Reichenau b. Priebus Rossnitz Ruppendorf Sänitz Schönborn Tormersdorf

Tschöpeln Wällisch Wendish Musta Zessendorf Zibelle Fever Zoblitz-Lodenau

The following municipalities lost their independence before 1945:

Braunsdorf, on April 1, 1938 in Birkenstedt Dobers , on April 1, 1938 at Sänitz Jamnitz- Pattag , on April 1, 1938 in Neissebrück Jenkendorf, April 1, 1938 Reichenau Klein Bogendorf, on April 1, 1938 in Bogendorf Lodenau, on April 1, 1938 in Zoblitz-Lodenau Mellendorf , on April 1, 1938 in Groß Petersdorf

Merzdorf, on April 1, 1938 in Schönborn Mittel Zibelle, to Zibelle on September 30, 1928 Nieder Zibelle, to Zibelle on September 30, 1928 Ober Zibelle, on September 30, 1928 at Zibelle Raußen, to Ziebern on April 1, 1938 Zoblitz, on April 1, 1938 in Zoblitz-Lodenau

Municipalities on the left of the Lusatian Neisse

The following communities were located west of the Lusatian Neisse and remained in the reduced district of Rothenburg in 1945:

Old love Biehain Boxberg Bremenhain Daubitz Diehsa Dürrbach Förstgen Gablenz Frosty Enclosure Big Düben Great Radical Chickens Haide Halbendorf Hammerstadt Horka Horscha Jänkendorf

Kaana Cold water Little Priebus Small Radish Klitten Koebeln Kodersdorf Kollm Kosel Krauschwitz Kreba Kringelsdorf Mücka Mosquito grove Mill rose Mulkwitz Muskau , city Neudorf Neuhammer New care

Lower Neundorf Lower Seifersdorf Niesky , city Nochten Noes Ober Prauske Bad luck Petershain Podrosche Publick Quitzdorf Quolsdorf b. Chickens Reichwalde Rattle Raw Rothenburg (OL) , city Sagar Cairns loop lake

Skerbersdorf Spree Sprey Sproitz Stannewisch Steinbach Rock oilsa Teicha Thiemendorf Potions Trebendorf Trebus Tzschelln Uhsmannsdorf Four oaks Weigersdorf Whitewash Weißwasser , city Why Zimpel-Tauer

The following municipalities lost their independence before 1945:

Baarsdorf , on April 1, 1938 in Nieder Seifersdorf Berg , in Muskau in 1940 Boxberg, Share Jahmen , 1929 on Boxberg Boxberg, share Muskau , 1929 to Boxberg Brand , 1904 to Skerbersdorf Dauban , in Weigersdorf on April 1, 1938 Eselsberg , in 1928 in Kringelsdorf Hermannsdorf , on April 18, 1903 in Weißwasser Jahmen to Klitten on April 1, 1938 Jerchwitz , 1928 on Thräna Kaschel , on April 1, 1938 in Klitten Keula , on April 1, 1938 in Krauschwitz Klein Ölsa , on April 1, 1938 to Klitten Mochholz , April 1, 1938 to Viereichen Moholz , at sea April 1, 1938 Neuliebel , on April 1, 1938 to Altliebel Neu-Särichen , to Niesky in 1929 Neuhof , 1929 to Niesky Nieder Gebelzig , on September 30, 1928 in Gebelzig

Nieder Kosel , 1929 to Kosel Nieder Prauske , to Rietschen on April 1, 1938 Nieder Rengersdorf , to Kodersdorf on April 1, 1938 Ober Gebelzig , on September 30, 1928 in Gebelzig Ober Horka , 1929 to Horka Ober Kosel , 1929 to Kosel Ober Nieder Ölsa , on April 1, 1938 in Förstgen Ober Rengersdorf , to Kodersdorf on April 1, 1938 Ödernitz , 1929 to Niesky Schadendorf , 1925 to Wunscha Thräna , April 1, 1938 at Groß Radisch Torga , on November 30, 1936 in Kodersdorf Tschernske , on April 1, 1938 in Kreba Ullersdorf , on April 1, 1938 in Jänkendorf Werda , on April 1, 1938 in Rietschen Werdeck , on April 1, 1938 in Neißebrück, 1945 again municipality Wilhelmsfeld , on January 1, 1929 in Kringelsdorf Wunscha , to Publick on April 1, 1938

Place names

Several places were renamed under the Nazi regime from 1936; most of them were given their previous names after the war.

Alt Tschöpeln : Lindenhain (Oberlausitz) Diehsa : old market Dubrau : oak forest Horka : Wehrkirch Horscha : Zischelmühle Kaana : Reichendorf Keula : Rudolfhütte Kreba : Heideanger Mücka : Stock pond New Tschöpeln : Birkenstedt (Upper Lusatia) Noes : Bleichenau Podrosche : Grenzkirch

Publick : Wildfelde Skerbersdorf : Schönlinden Stannewisch : stone hooves Steinölsa : stone alders Teicha : Teichrode (Ob. Laus.) Thräna : Stiftswiese Torga : Kleeberg (Ob. Laus.) Tschöpeln : Töpferstedt Wendisch Musta : Birk ferry Werda : Inselheide Wiesa : Rabental (1936–1938), then Altwiese Wunscha : Wunschhausen

Personalities

• Walther Nernst (1864–1941), Nobel Prize Winner in Chemistry (1920), lived in Zibelle in old age (former manor Ober-Zibelle)

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 230-231, item 18.
• Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924.
• Robert Pohl: Priebus and the villages of the former Sagan western part. 2nd part of the home book of the Rothenburg district O.-L. Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1934.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 274–283 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Rothenburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• District of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) Administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 27, 2013.
• List of municipalities with population (1910)

Footnotes

1. ↑ ^{a b} From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p.  173-175 .
2. ↑ Preliminary announcement of the district division of Upper Lusatia in the administrative district of Liegnitz . In: Official Journal of the Prussian Government in Liegnitz . tape 1816 . Liegnitz May 28, 1816, p. 1 ( digitized version ).
3. ↑ Change of the district division in the administrative district Liegnitz . In: Official Journal of the Prussian Government in Liegnitz . tape 1819 . Liegnitz December 26, 1819, p. 471 ( digitized version ).
4. ^ Andreas Oettel: On the administrative structure of Saxony in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony (Ed.): Statistics in Saxony . 175 years of official statistics in Saxony (Festschrift). No. 1 , 2006, p. 82 f . ( Online [PDF; 6.3 MB ; accessed June 7, 2011]).
5. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 83 ff . ( Digitized version ).
6. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
7. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
8. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
9. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
10. ^ ^{A b c d} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rothenburg district (Upper Lusatia). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).