Canton of Thurgau
| Canton of Thurgau | |
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| Canton of the Swiss Confederation | |
| Abbreviation / license plate : | TG |
| Official language : | German |
| Main town : | Frauenfeld |
| Accession to the federal government : | 1803 |
| Canton Anthem : | Thurgau song |
| Area : | 994.33 km² |
| Height range : | 368–991 m above sea level M. |
| Website: | www.tg.ch |
| population | |
| Residents: | 276,472 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 278 inhabitants per km² |
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Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship ) |
24.2% (December 31, 2015) |
| Unemployment rate : | 2.9% (December 31, 2015) |
| Location of the canton in Switzerland | |
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| Map of the canton | |
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| Political municipalities of the canton | |
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Coordinates: 47 ° 35 ' N , 9 ° 2' E ; : CH1903 719623 / 272135 The Thurgau ( Swiss German Tùùrgi, Tùùrgau, French Thurgovie, Italian Turgovia, Romansh , Latin Thurgovia ) is a German canton in the northeast of Switzerland . The main town is Frauenfeld .
geography
The canton borders in the north on the German state of Baden-Württemberg and the canton of Schaffhausen . In the south, near the Hörnli, is the border point with the cantons of St. Gallen and Zurich . Below the summit of the ridge , in the municipality of Fischingen, lies the canton's highest point at 991 meters above sea level.
The main town and seat of the government council and the higher court is Frauenfeld . The Grand Council meets in Frauenfeld in summer and in Weinfelden in winter . The canton of Thurgau takes its name from the Thur river , which crosses it from southeast to northwest and flows further west into the Rhine in the Zurich district of Andelfingen .
In the canton, 61.0 percent of the total area is used as agricultural land.
Geoportal
ThurGIS Viewer is the official portal of the canton of Thurgau for displaying geodata from the cantonal administration over the Internet.
population
languages
The German dialects spoken in Thurgau belong to High Alemannic and, within this, to Northeast Swiss German .
Demographics
On December 31, 2018, the canton of Thurgau had a permanent resident population of 276,472. The gender distribution is balanced with 139,185 men and 137,287 women. 117,130 are single, 123,224 married, 12,504 widowed and 23,610 divorced, unmarried or in partnership that has been dissolved by a court. No information was given 4.
There are 202,576 Swiss citizens, 73,896 citizens of other countries. Of the direct neighbors, Germany has 22,542, Italy 9,383, Austria 1,813 and France 241. From the rest of Europe, Portugal has 4,730, Turkey 2,616, Serbia 1,720, Hungary 1,683, Spain 1,411, Slovakia 1,344 and Bosnia and Herzegovina . 39,900 inhabitants come from other countries. 12 residents are stateless and no information was given by 20 residents.
religion
The Reformed population belongs to the Evangelical Church of the Canton of Thurgau , the Catholic Church to the Diocese of Basel and constitutional church law to the Catholic Church of the Canton of Thurgau . Compared to the previous year, the proportion of the population that is non-denominational or belongs to another religious community outside of the regional churches increased significantly in 2017 (+3900 people or +4.4%). At the end of 2017, a total of 93,750 people did not belong to any regional church. At 34.4%, their share is for the first time higher than that of the Protestant (33.9%) or Catholic population (31.7%).
According to federal figures from the end of 2016, around 14% of the Thurgau population aged 15 and over are members of a religious community outside the regional churches: 6.5% belong to other Christian churches (including free churches and Orthodox churches ), 6.2% profess Islam and another 1.1% are followers of other religions.
As a former common rule (common subject area of several federal places), Thurgau is denominationally non-uniform. In the greater part of today's canton the Reformed denomination dominates, but there are several areas with a Catholic denomination. After the first and second Kappel religious wars in the 16th century, it was stipulated in the daily statute in the Second Land Peace, which was dominated by the Catholic estates , that the newly created religious conditions should be protected, but that, at the request of three believers in a parish, the Catholic worship services would be reintroduced must and the beneficiaries should be managed jointly. Furthermore, the principle of territoriality was mostly applied, the landlords (Thurgau was divided into a large number of local lordships) were able to significantly influence the religion of the subjects, but not always assert themselves. There were also many parity parishes in which the churches were used jointly by both denominations, although it was more or less peaceful. The first reformed church to be built in Thurgau is the church of Scherzingen , built in 1617/1618 under the patronage ( collature ) of the Münsterlingen convent . With the fourth country peace of 1712 the Reformed were put on an equal footing with the Catholic denomination. The common beneficiaries, but also in many places the cemeteries, were divided according to the proportions of the denominations. Some Reformed parishes, such as Schönholzerswilen (1714), Roggwil (1746) and Erlen (1764), were able to build new churches in the 18th century, which they were not allowed to do before 1712. Until 1798 it often happened that Catholic collators in the Reformed parishes determined the so-called predicants (pastors). With the abolition of many religious foundations and the diocese of Constance , these collateral rights fell to the Canton of Thurgau, which granted them to the individual parishes after 1820.
Constitution and Politics
The current constitution is dated March 16, 1987. It forms the basis for the organization of authorities, the people's rights and the fulfillment of state tasks.
The public tasks include ensuring public order and security, promoting social security (especially providing social assistance), supervising and coordinating the health system, ensuring adequate medical care and adequate education in the compulsory school sector, and providing an efficient and varied public school offer (kindergartens, elementary schools, vocational schools, middle schools), the promotion of cultural creation, environmental protection, construction and spatial planning, the promotion of public transport and the supply of the population with energy and water.
legislative branch
The legislative body ( legislature ) is the Grand Council , which has 130 members and is elected by the people for four years in accordance with proportional representation.
In addition, the people are directly involved in the legislative process, as constitutional amendments are subject to the mandatory referendum and changes to the law are subject to the optional referendum (required by at least 3,000 voters within three months); The people then have the right to initiate constitutional and legislative initiatives (required by at least 4,000 voters), and they can demand (with at least 20,000 signatures) the dismissal of the Grand Council before the end of the regular term of office, on which a referendum must be ordered .
| Political party | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swiss People's Party (SVP) | 42 | 47 | 51 | 41 | 44 | 46 | |
| FDP.The Liberals (FDP) | 24 | 20th | 18th | 18th | 20th | 18th | |
| Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP) | 27 | 22nd | 22nd | 21st | 20th | 18th | |
| Green Party of Switzerland (GPS) | 8th | 13 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 15th | |
| Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP) | 22nd | 23 | 17th | 19th | 17th | 14th | |
| Green Liberal Party (GLP) | - | - | 2 | 6th | 7th | 8th | |
| Evangelical People's Party (EPP) | 5 | 4th | 6th | 5 | 5 | 6th | |
| Federal Democratic Union (EDU) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6th | 5 | 5 | |
| Bourgeois Democratic Party (BDP) | - | - | - | 5 | 3 | - |
executive
The executive body ( executive ) is the government council , which consists of five members and is elected by the people for a four-year term in accordance with majority voting rights.
The people can (if requested by at least 20,000 voters) request the early recall of the government council, on which a referendum must then be ordered.
Since June 1, 2015, the government council has been composed as follows:
| Government Council | Political party | department |
|---|---|---|
| Monika Knill , President | SVP | Department of Education and Culture |
| Carmen Haag , Vice President | CVP | Department of Construction and Environment |
| Cornelia Komposch | SP | Department of Justice and Security |
| Jakob Stark | SVP | Department of Finance and Social Affairs |
| Walter Schönholzer | FDP | Department of Home Affairs and Economics |
With the election of Cornelia Komposch, women have for the first time a majority in the Thurgau government. - The State Chancellery is head of state clerk Rainer Gonzenbach (since June 1, 2000).
Judiciary
Judicial authorities at cantonal level are the higher court , the administrative court and the compulsory measures court .
At the regional level there are five first instance district courts , which are preceded by twenty justice of the peace at the district level.
Party system
The Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP), the Free Democratic Party (FDP), the Swiss People's Party (SVP) and the Social Democratic Party (SP) are represented in the executive (government council). The Green Party (GP), the Evangelical People's Party (EPP), the Federal Democratic Union (EDU), the Green Liberal Party (GLP) and the Civil Democratic Party (BDP) are also represented in Parliament.
Districts and municipalities
Until the end of 2010, the canton of Thurgau was organized into eight districts; In the course of the district and judicial reform, the number was reduced to five (see also districts of the canton of Thurgau ). The boroughs act as judicial and electoral districts. The registry offices and the child and adult protection authorities are also organized on a district basis.
| district | Population (December 31, 2018) |
Area in km² |
main place | Number of municipalities |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arbon | 56,638 | 89.06 | Arbon | 12 |
| Frauenfeld | 68,334 | 279.61 | Frauenfeld | 23 |
| Kreuzlingen | 48,345 | 129.17 | Kreuzlingen | 14th |
| Münchwilen | 47,325 | 138.19 | Münchwilen | 13 |
| Weinfelden | 55,830 | 227.08 | Weinfelden | 18th |
| Total (5) | 276,472 | 863.11 | Frauenfeld |
The organs of local self-government are the political communities . The former so-called community dualism , which was characterized by the juxtaposition of local and municipal communities and originated from the Napoleonic era, was abolished by the new constitution of 1987. However, there are also school, civil and Evangelical Reformed and Roman Catholic parishes recognized under public law.
economy
The backbone of the Thurgau economy is made up of a large number of small and medium-sized companies. The manufacturing industry, including in particular the metal industry and mechanical engineering, is of great importance. Other important sectors are the food and beverage industry, electronics industry and the plastic goods segment. Actual growth sectors are vehicle construction as well as publishing and (tele) communication.
At the end of December 2011, around 130,000 people were working in around 20,000 workplaces in the canton of Thurgau. Employment is distributed across the three economic sectors as follows: Agriculture and forestry 5.9 percent; Industry and construction 36.6 percent; Services 57.5 percent.
The long-term trend of shifting employment from the agricultural and industrial to the service sector continues. Despite the decrease in jobs in the primary sector by a good 2 percent in the years 2005 to 2008, its share of total employment in Thurgau, at 6.5 percent, is still above the national average of 3.3 percent. The situation is similar in the industrial and commercial sector, whose share of employment is also well above the national average of 28.5 percent (Thurgau: 39.5 percent). In contrast, almost all service sectors in Thurgau are less important than in Switzerland as a whole, despite the fact that employment in the service sector grew by around 10 percent between 2005 and 2008. The growth drivers in the third sector were health and social services as well as retail.
In 2013 just under a third (29.4 percent) of all Thurgau exports were sold in Germany . Italy (9.8 percent), France (6.6 percent) and Austria (5.5 percent) follow at a distance . A total of 73.3 percent of the export volume went to the European Union in 2013 . Outside the European Union, the United States (5.1 percent) and Asian transition (3.3 percent) and emerging countries (2.8 percent) were important trading countries .
The Thurgau region is part of the Interregio Alpenrhein - Bodensee - Hochrhein . The Interreg IV Alpenrhein-Bodensee-Hochrhein program received a total of € 23,871,170.00 in funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for the funding period 2007 to 2013. On the Swiss side, the budget for subsidies was € 7,745,000.00, and around € 7,200,000.00 was actually paid out, ie approx. 93% of the total amount available. The Thurgau location was also promoted in this way.
tourism
The hilly landscape and the 70 kilometer long Thurgau shores of Lake Constance are ideal for cycling, hiking and inline skating. 900 kilometers of signposted cycle paths on side streets and agricultural paths are available to cyclists. There are also 220 ponds and small lakes, 1,600 kilometers of rivers and streams, various natural bathing areas open to the public and traditional bathing establishments.
In 2013, over 421,006 overnight stays were registered. Most of the foreign guests come to Thurgau from Germany.
Seminar and conference tourism is an important pillar. Through mutual support, exchange of experience and coordination, Seminarland Thurgau , a working group of various conference and seminar hotels and training centers, promotes and develops seminar and conference tourism in the canton of Thurgau.
Castles on Lake Constance and culturally and historically significant monasteries, winding villages and contemporary art and culture in the Thurgau art spaces. Various museums can be visited. The Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kulturland Thurgau ensures their preservation as well as networking and joint presentation.
In cooperation with the tourism service providers, Thurgau Tourismus, as the destination management organization (DMO) and as a partner of the International Bodensee Tourismus GmbH (IBT GmbH), is responsible for the tourism marketing of this region.
traffic
The canton of Thurgau is located between Zurich, St. Gallen and Lake Constance.
The proximity to the Swiss economic metropolis of Zurich and Zurich Airport (30 minutes from Frauenfeld) ensure fast connections to national and international destinations. The airports of St. Gallen-Altenrhein and Friedrichshafen (Germany) are also within reach .
The canton is connected to the centers in Switzerland and neighboring countries (Germany and Austria ) by two motorways ( A1 and A7 ) and two express train axes (Zurich– Konstanz / Romanshorn and Zurich– St. Gallen ) .
The connections to the neighboring regions as well as the inner-cantonal connections are guaranteed by a well-developed cantonal and communal road network as well as by a large number of regional train and bus lines. Public transport has been gradually expanded over the past few years. In 2009, around 12.5 million kilometers of capacity are planned for all public transport (train and bus lines, local traffic and shipping lines). In 2008 they carried over 32 million passengers. This is almost eleven million people more than in 2000.
In 2019, the degree of motorization (passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants) was 632.
education
Schools and College
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The school offer initially includes kindergartens, primary schools and secondary schools in 60 school communities in the canton of Thurgau. These are subordinate to the cantonal office for elementary schools.
A high school diploma ( Matura ) can be taken at the canton schools in Frauenfeld , Kreuzlingen , Romanshorn and at the Pedagogical Matura School in Kreuzlingen. Thanks to an agreement with the canton of St. Gallen, the Thurgau pupils attend the canton school in Wil under the same conditions as those from St. Gallen. The cantonal schools in Frauenfeld and Romanshorn offer a technical secondary school with a specialist Matura. In addition, the canton school Frauenfeld maintains a commercial secondary school and a computer science secondary school, both with vocational baccalaureate . The Thurgauisch-Schaffhausen Matura School for adults is a cross-cantonal offer .
The Thurgau University of Education (PHTG) was founded in 2003 with its headquarters in Kreuzlingen. It is an institution at the tertiary level and serves the training and further education of teachers at pre-school level, primary school level, secondary level I, upper secondary level and, in the form of a master's degree, early childhood. The cooperation partner is the University of Konstanz . In addition, the Thurgau University of Education is active in the form of degree programs and courses in the field of continuing education. It conducts research and maintains a media and didactics center with a focus on services for teachers and students.
Thurgau libraries
The Thurgau libraries represent places for imparting knowledge as well as meeting different people and groups: the cantonal library of Thurgau , the media and didactics center of the University of Education, the libraries of the career information centers in Amriswil, Frauenfeld and Kreuzlingen, each with 22 community, specialist and Special libraries and a wide range of school media libraries . Its range of services is supplemented by cross-institutional access, such as the Digital Library Eastern Switzerland.
Cantonal museums
The cantonal museums, such as the Napoleon Museum Castle and Park Arenenberg, the Art Museum Thurgau , the Ittinger Museum , and the Historical Museum Thurgau in Schloss Frauenfeld are geared towards dealing with Thurgau's cultural history, knowledge of nature and its interrelationships, as well as encounters with contemporary art , the Thurgau Natural History Museum and the Archeology Museum , both in Frauenfeld.
Network for science and research
Thurgau Wissenschaft is a network for science and research in the canton of Thurgau. Partners are: the cantonal office for archeology, the Arenenberg education and advisory center, the Thurgau biotechnological institute, the statistical office, the Thurgau material system technology institute, the Thurgau cantonal library, the Thurgau Napoleon Museum, the Thurgau University of Education, the Thurgau economic institute, the Thurgau Natural Research Society. The network has its own website and a newsletter about its activities.
history
Localities
The ten largest political communities as of December 31, 2018 are listed below:
| Political community | Residents |
|---|---|
| Frauenfeld | 25,611 |
| Kreuzlingen | 22,004 |
| Arbon | 14,633 |
| Amriswil | 13,538 |
| Weinfelden | 11'534 |
| Romanshorn | 11'165 |
| Aadorf | 9037 |
| Sirnach | 7766 |
| Bischofszell | 6017 |
| Münchwilen | 5624 |
«Most India»
In Switzerland, the canton of Thurgau is also jokingly called “Most India”. The term was created by the editorial team of the humorous magazine Der Postheiri , which was published by Alfred Hartmann in Solothurn from 1845–1875 . On this sheet, Thurgau, drawn in the shape of a cider pear, was first labeled "Most-India" in 1853. The defining word “Most-” is a corruption of “East” and merges the eastern location of Thurgau with the fruit growing in Thurgau and the once famous Thurgau pear cider; The overall name "Most India " is a meaningless play on words with the East Indies, a geographical area known at the time which, as a contrast to the Caribbean West India, described today's South Asia and Southeast Asia . As early as 1849, the Postheiri was talking about «Mostschweiz» (based on Eastern Switzerland), and in 1854 the «Mostindische Meer» (evoking the East Indian Sea) and the «Mostsee» (evoking the Baltic Sea), both for Lake Constance, followed . The basic word "India" has nothing to do with India ; Other neologisms of the post Heiris as "Honolulu" for Solothurn (hence today's Narrenzunft Honolulu ), "Mesopotamia" or "Mutzopotamien" for Bern and "Persepolis" for Zurich play only formally on the eponymous real locations.
Thurgau song
The canton's anthem is the Thurgau song O Thurgau du Heimat . The melody comes from Johannes Wepf , the text from Johann Ulrich Bornhauser .
Web links
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- Official website of the Canton of Thurgau
- Statistics Thurgau
- Official statistics (Federal Statistical Office)
- Statistics platform Lake Constance
- Geoportal of the Canton of Thurgau
- Official website of Thurgau Tourism
- Link catalog on the subject of the Canton of Thurgau at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- Several authors: Thurgau. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Christoph Landolt : Most India - Switzerland through the eyes of «Postheiris». In: Wortgeschichten from 23 September 2014, published by the Swiss Idiotikon .
- Interregio Alpenrhein-Bodensee-Hochrhein (information on economic cooperation in large aglomeration)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Balance of the permanent resident population by canton, definitive annual results, 2018. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (definitive annual results).
- ↑ Structure of the permanent resident population by cantons. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 26, 2016, accessed on May 31, 2017 .
- ^ The situation on the job market in December 2015. (PDF; 807 kB) State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), January 8, 2016, p. 9 , archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .
- ↑ On the highest point in the canton of Thurgau, article in Tagblatt Online from January 6, 2011.
- ↑ Source: Statistics for the EUREGIO Lake Constance. In: Listed! The ten districts of the Lake Constance region, ... In: Südkurier. of February 25, 2011 and in: Ders. dated July 2, 2011.
- ↑ ThurGIS
- ↑ Population development by institutional classifications, 1850–2000. Swiss Confederation, accessed on October 29, 2019 .
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton. Swiss Confederation, accessed on October 27, 2019 .
- ^ Fritz Enderlin: Die Mundart von Kesswil (= contributions to Swiss German grammar, 5) provide information on the linguistic features . Huber & Co., Frauenfeld [1911]; Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : The language landscapes of German-speaking Switzerland (= language landscapes of Switzerland, 1). Sauerländer, Aarau / Frankfurt am Main / Salzburg 1984, ISBN 3-7941-2623-8 ; Eugen Nyffenegger, Oskar Bandle : Thurgauer Namenbuch, Volume 1 (2 half volumes). 2003, ISBN 3-7193-1309-3 .
- ↑ Permanent resident population by institutional structure, gender, marital status and age group. Swiss Confederation, December 31, 2018, accessed October 17, 2019 .
- ↑ Permanent resident population by institutional structure, place of birth and nationality. Swiss Confederation, December 31, 2018, accessed October 17, 2019 .
- ↑ a b religions, denomination. Two thirds of the Thurgau residents are Protestant or Catholic. Population and structure Thurgau Statistical Office. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
- ↑ Permanent resident population aged 15 and over by religion, canton and city. (XLSX) Federal Statistical Office (FSO), accessed on August 4, 2018 .
- ^ Constitution of the Canton of Thurgau. dated March 16, 1987 (as of March 11, 2013). The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation ( admin.ch ), accessed on July 29, 2014 .
- ^ Government - General. Cantonal administration of Thurgau, accessed on June 22, 2015 .
- ↑ Employees, workplaces, companies and economic structure. (No longer available online.) Statistical Office of the Canton of Thurgau, archived from the original on August 12, 2014 ; Retrieved July 29, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Workplaces and employees by industry. (PDF; 28 kB) Canton Thurgau and Switzerland, 2011, economic sectors according to NOGA 2008. (No longer available online.) State Chancellery, Office for Statistics of the Canton Thurgau, archived from the original on August 10, 2014 ; Retrieved July 29, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Export, import and trade balance by region and country. (PDF) Canton of Thurgau, 2013, in CHF 1,000. (No longer available online.) State Chancellery, Statistical Office of the Canton of Thurgau, archived from the original on August 10, 2014 ; Retrieved July 29, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Student documentation Thurgau Tourism
- ^ Federal Statistical Office
- ↑ bfs.admin.ch
- ↑ Swiss Idioticon . Volume IV, Col. 541 ff., Article Most . Niklaus Bigler: From Most India to Mutzopotamia. Place names in the «Postheiri». In: Festgabe for Peter Dalcher . Edited by the editorial staff of the Swiss German Dictionary, Zurich 1987, pp. 41–53. Peter Bretscher: Only «Most India» survived ( memento of the original from November 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Thurgauer Zeitung. October 13, 2012, p. 35. Peter Bretscher: Most India - a name is a mystery. In: BauernZeitung. November 15, 2013, p. 26 (the two articles by Bretscher are based on the Idiotikon and the essay by Bigler). Christoph Landolt: Most India - Switzerland through the eyes of «Postheiris». Word history from September 23, 2014.
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